[Slideshare] fardhu'ain-lesson#14-arkaanul-islam(5)-fasting-in-ramadhan (18 january 2013)

““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”ISLAM”

Lessons on Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsFardhu ‘Ain in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL

HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL

LESSON # 14

LESSON # 14

Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

IT CAN ALSO BE A IT CAN ALSO BE A REFRESHER COURSE REFRESHER COURSE

FOR MUSLIM PARENTS, FOR MUSLIM PARENTS, EDUCATORS, IN EDUCATORS, IN

CONTEMPORARY CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE. SINGAPORE. OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL

1UPDATED 18 JANUARY 2013UPDATED 18 JANUARY 2013

Every Friday night Every Friday night @ 8pm – 10pm@ 8pm – 10pmWisma Indah, 450 Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, Changi Road, #02-00 next to #02-00 next to Masjid KassimMasjid Kassim

““ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”Pillars of Islam (Submission)Pillars of Islam (Submission)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MOST COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

DAILY FASTING IN DAILY FASTING IN MONTH OF RAMADHANMONTH OF RAMADHAN

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012)

(The basic message of Islam)(The basic message of Islam)

FARDHU’AINFARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY: CONDUCTED BYUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILLESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK ““Beginners’ Manual on IslamBeginners’ Manual on Islam””

2


FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS


““Allah” Allah” : : Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers

to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord

Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there

is none besides Allah.is none besides Allah.

No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.



““Muhammad s.a.a.w.” Muhammad s.a.a.w.” : : Arabic name meaning Arabic name meaning

““the Praised Onethe Praised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered ”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered

Prophet, the servant and Messenger of Allah, Prophet, the servant and Messenger of Allah,

the Awaited Seal of Prophethood after whom the Awaited Seal of Prophethood after whom

there will be no more prophet sent.there will be no more prophet sent.



IIMANIIMAN

BeliefBeliefFaithFaith

ConvictionConviction

IHSANIHSAN

Best or Best or Righteous Righteous ConductConduct

‘‘AMALAMAL [Islam][Islam]

SubmissionSubmissionObedienceObedience

PracticePracticeFaith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy. mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.

Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t. which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.

Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).


THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTHE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUHHEED)EED)



Islam is built upon Five (pillars):Islam is built upon Five (pillars):

[1] To bear witness that there is no god except [1] To bear witness that there is no god except

Allah, and that Muhammad is the Allah, and that Muhammad is the

Messenger of Allah;Messenger of Allah;

[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory) [2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)

Swolah;Swolah;

[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);

[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the [4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the

House) for those who has the means to House) for those who has the means to

(do) it; (do) it;

[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.


Islam is built upon Five (pillars):Islam is built upon Five (pillars):

[1] To bear witness that there is no god except [1] To bear witness that there is no god except

Allah, and that Muhammad is the Allah, and that Muhammad is the

Messenger of Allah;Messenger of Allah;

[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory) [2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)

Swolah;Swolah;

[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);

[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the [4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the

House) for those who has the means to House) for those who has the means to

(do) it; (do) it;

[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.


THE fifth PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE fifth PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL



In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the

school of school of FiqhFiqh of of al-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idrisal-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris

ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.aash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a.. here in this region, the practices in this here in this region, the practices in this

manual / lesson on manual / lesson on FIQHFIQH matters, shall subscribe and be in matters, shall subscribe and be in

conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (madzhabmadzhab). ).

Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (tasamuhtasamuh) towards ) towards

other other madzaahibmadzaahib and and ikhtilaafikhtilaaf (differences of opinion) amongst (differences of opinion) amongst

Islamic scholars. Islamic scholars.

The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted

are the, are the, Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e and and Hanbali.Hanbali.


””O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed to you as it was O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed to you as it was

prescribed to those before you that ye may (learn ) self-restraintprescribed to those before you that ye may (learn ) self-restraint

( having ( having TAQWATAQWA – i.e. state of consciousness of Allah).―” – i.e. state of consciousness of Allah).―”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:183Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:183))



“ “(Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill or (Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill or

on a journey, the prescribed number (should be made up) from on a journey, the prescribed number (should be made up) from

days later. For those who can do it (with hardship) is a days later. For those who can do it (with hardship) is a

ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will

give more of his own free-will―it is better for him, and it is give more of his own free-will―it is better for him, and it is

better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew.”better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew.”




””Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an Ramadan is the (month) in which was sent down the Qur'an

as a guide to mankind also clear (Signs) for guidance and as a guide to mankind also clear (Signs) for guidance and

judgment (between right and wrong). So everyone of you who judgment (between right and wrong). So everyone of you who

is present (at his home) during that month should spent it in is present (at his home) during that month should spent it in

fasting, but if anyone is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed fasting, but if anyone is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed

period (should be made up) by days later”period (should be made up) by days later”



Fasting in Islam is amongst the forms of devotion that provides

Muslim with necessary training in the exercise of self-denial, so that

he may become truly “Muslim” - one who is able to submit himself to

the will of Allah.


Month of Ramadhan was chosen by Allah for Muslims to

observe the daily fasting – the whole month.

Exceptions are those who are sick, on a journey, the insane,

infants etc.

For every fast missed, it is to be re-paid by fasting in other

months – or if unable, then to feed the poor or indigent as ransom

(FID-YAH).



The rule of fasting begins with intention (The rule of fasting begins with intention (NiyyatNiyyat), to be ), to be

formulated on the night before the fast, in a language which formulated on the night before the fast, in a language which

one understands.one understands.


Basically, one must be conscious or aware of the fast to be Basically, one must be conscious or aware of the fast to be

observed and the reason for doing it (i.e. Must be for the sake of observed and the reason for doing it (i.e. Must be for the sake of

Allah s.w.t. as He commands). Allah s.w.t. as He commands).

The, the intention formulated in the heart or mind is as:The, the intention formulated in the heart or mind is as:

“ “I resolve to fast tomorrow to observe the (fardh) obligatory I resolve to fast tomorrow to observe the (fardh) obligatory

Fasting of Ramadhan this year, Fasting of Ramadhan this year,

because of (or for the sake of) Allah s.w.t.”because of (or for the sake of) Allah s.w.t.”


It is recommended (It is recommended (sunatsunat or or mandubmandub) for Muslims to have a meal ) for Muslims to have a meal

before dawn called “before dawn called “SAHURSAHUR”.”.

The Fast begins from Dawn (The Fast begins from Dawn (Fajr/SubuhFajr/Subuh) until sunset () until sunset (MaghribMaghrib). ).

During this period, the Muslim must abstain from eating, drinking, During this period, the Muslim must abstain from eating, drinking,

smoking, sex, or any other acts which can nullify the Fast.smoking, sex, or any other acts which can nullify the Fast.



Has the significant meaning of :

“ abstaining ; abstinent ; he refrains from ;

abstention ; fasting ; “

SA-WA-MASA-WA-MA


Wilfully introducing any object or substance into any openings Wilfully introducing any object or substance into any openings

of the body. Deliberate eating, drinking or smoking, using of the body. Deliberate eating, drinking or smoking, using

suppository, etc.suppository, etc.

Vomiting, if it is induced. Involuntary vomiting, however, does Vomiting, if it is induced. Involuntary vomiting, however, does

not nullify the fast.not nullify the fast.

Emitting semen intentionally.Emitting semen intentionally.


Engaging in sexual intercourse (while fasting in the day). This not Engaging in sexual intercourse (while fasting in the day). This not

only renders the fast void, but those committing this breach has to only renders the fast void, but those committing this breach has to

expiate it with a penalty called “expiate it with a penalty called “KaffarahKaffarah”- either :”- either :

[1] free a slave; or [1] free a slave; or

[2] fasting 2 months consecutively; or [2] fasting 2 months consecutively; or

[3] feed 60 indigent (poor & needy) people.[3] feed 60 indigent (poor & needy) people.


Becoming indisposed as a result of menstruation or ‘lochia’ Becoming indisposed as a result of menstruation or ‘lochia’

post-natal bleeding (childbirth).post-natal bleeding (childbirth).

Becoming insane.Becoming insane.

Loosing consciousness throughout the day.Loosing consciousness throughout the day.

Become sick i.e. illness where one is advised by physician, to Become sick i.e. illness where one is advised by physician, to

avoid possible harm if fasting is to continueavoid possible harm if fasting is to continue..


Commit apostasy (Commit apostasy (MURTADMURTAD) and then re-enter Islam.) and then re-enter Islam.

NOTE: NOTE:

For every fast missed, it is to be re-paid by fasting in other For every fast missed, it is to be re-paid by fasting in other

months – or if unable, e.g. Due to old age, pregnancy or lactating months – or if unable, e.g. Due to old age, pregnancy or lactating

etc. then to feed the poor or indigent as ransom or alternative etc. then to feed the poor or indigent as ransom or alternative

((FID-YAHFID-YAH). ).


NOTE:NOTE:

Although by observing this basic rules, generally one is said to Although by observing this basic rules, generally one is said to

have fasted (have fasted (umumumum), yet Muslims must aspire to a higher quality of ), yet Muslims must aspire to a higher quality of

Fasting – either:Fasting – either:

[1] The quality of Fasting of the Prophets and those Nearest to [1] The quality of Fasting of the Prophets and those Nearest to

Allah (Allah (al-Muqorrobeenal-Muqorrobeen ) – “most specific” Fast ( ) – “most specific” Fast (khusus-al-khususkhusus-al-khusus))

or, if not then:or, if not then:


NOTE:NOTE:

Although by observing this basic rules, generally one is said to Although by observing this basic rules, generally one is said to

have fasted (have fasted (umumumum), yet Muslims must aspire to a higher quality of ), yet Muslims must aspire to a higher quality of

Fasting – either:Fasting – either:

[2] The “specific” Fast ([2] The “specific” Fast (khususkhusus) – i.e. to ensure while fasting, ) – i.e. to ensure while fasting,

every organs and limbs participate in abstaining from everything every organs and limbs participate in abstaining from everything

which Allah and His Messenger has forbidden (which Allah and His Messenger has forbidden (haramharam).).


” ” Allah intends every facility for you He does not want to put you Allah intends every facility for you He does not want to put you

to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period, to difficulties. (He wants you) to complete the prescribed period,

and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye

shall be grateful.” shall be grateful.”



.... that ye may (learn) self-restraint ( having .... that ye may (learn) self-restraint ( having TAQWATAQWA – i.e. state of consciousness of God).―”– i.e. state of consciousness of God).―”



MUTTAQEENMUTTAQEENGod-consciousness or Piety

MUKHLISWEEN

Sincerity

MUMUHHSEENSEENBest or righteous conduct

MU’MEENMU’MEEN

Believer

MUSLIMMUSLIM

One who submits

LEVELS OF ATTAINMENTLEVELS OF ATTAINMENTTOWARDS STATE OF TOWARDS STATE OF

TAQWATAQWA


THE MOST IMPORTANT : – THE MOST IMPORTANT : –

MEANING OF HOW TO BE A “MEANING OF HOW TO BE A “MUT-TAQEENMUT-TAQEEN ““

Begin with submission (Begin with submission (IslamIslam); );

exuding meaning of being faithful (exuding meaning of being faithful (iimaniiman););

inculcating righteous conduct (inculcating righteous conduct (IhsanIhsan); );

Inculcating sincerity Inculcating sincerity ((ikhlaswikhlasw););




Learn the essentials of striving (Learn the essentials of striving (jihaadjihaad););

patient perseverance (patient perseverance (SwobrSwobr); );

enhancing feeling of gratefulness (enhancing feeling of gratefulness (ShakurShakur););

Compassion for the poor & needy (Compassion for the poor & needy (RuhamahRuhamah););




Steadfastness and consistency (Steadfastness and consistency (istiqomahistiqomah););

Heightened remembrance of Allah (Heightened remembrance of Allah (Dzik-rullahDzik-rullah););

Purge and purify body and Soul (Purge and purify body and Soul (mutatohhireenmutatohhireen););

Learn the meaning of “to return & repentance” Learn the meaning of “to return & repentance”

((InaabahInaabah););




Increase interaction with and adherence to Al-Qur’an Increase interaction with and adherence to Al-Qur’an

((tilaawah wa tadabburtilaawah wa tadabbur););

Increase in night devotions (Increase in night devotions (QiyaamQiyaam););

Reasserting and strengthening Islamic unity and Reasserting and strengthening Islamic unity and

brotherhood brotherhood ((ittihaad wa ukhuwwahittihaad wa ukhuwwah););


““Verily your Lord said: ‘The reward for every good deed will be multipliedVerily your Lord said: ‘The reward for every good deed will be multiplied

by ten up to seven hundred times, except for Fasting – for Fasting is for by ten up to seven hundred times, except for Fasting – for Fasting is for

my sake and I will reward (to multiples of my choosing) accordingly/”my sake and I will reward (to multiples of my choosing) accordingly/”

((HadithHadith))


““Fasting is a shield Fasting is a shield and so (he who fast) should not utter vulgarities, and so (he who fast) should not utter vulgarities,

nor obscenities and if a man swears (pick a quarrel) with him, he should nor obscenities and if a man swears (pick a quarrel) with him, he should

Just say (in response) : I am Fasting, twice.””Just say (in response) : I am Fasting, twice.””

((Hadith reported by Bukhary)Hadith reported by Bukhary)


““Fasting is a shield Fasting is a shield as long as the person (fasting) does not violate it.”as long as the person (fasting) does not violate it.”

(Abu Muhammad clarifies that what the Prophet s.a.a.w. meant by (Abu Muhammad clarifies that what the Prophet s.a.a.w. meant by

Violate here is “Violate here is “GhibahGhibah” – backbiting others)”” – backbiting others)”

((Hadith reported by DarimiyHadith reported by Darimiy))


““There are many who Fast but do not gain anything for There are many who Fast but do not gain anything for

their Fasting except hunger and thirst.”their Fasting except hunger and thirst.”

((HadithHadith))


“ “ and to complete the prescribed period, and to and to complete the prescribed period, and to glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance glorify Him in that He has guided you; and perchance ye shall be grateful.” (ye shall be grateful.” (Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 185Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 185) )


Pay the “Pay the “ZAKAAT-UL-FITRAZAKAAT-UL-FITRA” for yourself and for those whom you ” for yourself and for those whom you

are responsible for. This is ‘are responsible for. This is ‘WAJIBWAJIB’ (compulsory), to ensure the poor ’ (compulsory), to ensure the poor

and needy has the means to celebrate, in as much as a condition for and needy has the means to celebrate, in as much as a condition for

Allah’s acceptance of our deeds Allah’s acceptance of our deeds ((‘AMAL‘AMAL) throughout Ramadhan.) throughout Ramadhan.

Glorification of Allah “Glorification of Allah “TAKBIRTAKBIR” - inculcation of the true meaning of ” - inculcation of the true meaning of

celebration which is none other than expression of gratefulness celebration which is none other than expression of gratefulness

((SHAKURSHAKUR) to Allah s.w.t.) to Allah s.w.t.


Bathing in the morning ofBathing in the morning of ‘EID ‘EID and partaking of food after Dawn is and partaking of food after Dawn is

recommended. So also to wear beautiful or new clothes before recommended. So also to wear beautiful or new clothes before

setting out for a special setting out for a special SwOLAT- UL-EID-UL-FITR SwOLAT- UL-EID-UL-FITR prayer in open field prayer in open field

or mosques or community halls.or mosques or community halls.

This prayer (This prayer (SwOLAT- UL-EID-UL-FITRISwOLAT- UL-EID-UL-FITRI): 2 ): 2 raka’at, sunnat raka’at, sunnat

(recommended), in congregation (following an Imam); followed by a (recommended), in congregation (following an Imam); followed by a

sermon by the sermon by the IMAMIMAM//KHATIBKHATIB..


Seeking renewal due to a strengthened Faith, by also reconciling Seeking renewal due to a strengthened Faith, by also reconciling

and strengthening bonds of relationship with all. To uphold the and strengthening bonds of relationship with all. To uphold the

lesson on self-restraint and God-consciousness (lesson on self-restraint and God-consciousness (TAQWATAQWA).).

WaAllaahu a’lamWaAllaahu a’lam

(And Allah knows all)(And Allah knows all)


46

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/

http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/

http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/

http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/

http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/

http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/

http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/

http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:


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