Slopping Agriculture Land Technology

8/10/2019 Slopping Agriculture Land Technology

1/80


2/80

Problems in Upland Farming

Asia makes up less than one third (30% o! theworld"s land area and yet #arries o$er hal! ( &%o! the world"s population' oreo$er) the a$eragepopulation density o! Asia be#omes a signi*#ant

long+term problem when !ood produ#tion is#onsidered' ,o #ompound the problem) mu#h o! the land now

under #ulti$ation in Asia has been #lassi*ed as

degraded or as ha$ing undergone moderate+to+se$ere erosion' A##ording to FA-) many Asian#ountries now ha$e .0% or more o! their lands#onsidered /degraded) with some #ountries

approa#hing 0%' (


3/80

The problem: Deforestationleading to soil erosion

-ne problem o! the region is the rapid depletiono! its !orest #o$er' ass de!orestation !ore#onomi# reasons is #arried out in a re#kless

way' Shi!ting #ulti$ators) due to populationpressures) mo$e into newly opened areas andbegin to pra#ti#e swidden (slash and burnagri#ulture'

,hen the !orest areas o! generally !ragile)sloping soils) are sub1e#t to intensi$e agri#ulturepra#ti#es) whi#h rapidly degrade the land'


4/80

Philippines Experience

,he Philippines has almost 30 millionha' 2n the 4 0"s almost hal! o! that(about & million ha was #lassi*ed as

natural !orest' ,oday) less than million ha o! the natural !orest remains'2n the same time period) the population

has almost doubled and the marginalor /!ragile lands ha$e in#reased !rom .million ha to . million'


5/80

Soil Erosion

,he greatest problem man willen#ounter when !orest trees aree5tensi$ely #ut without replanting)

#ombined with improper !arming o!!ragile) sloping lands is soil erosion' ,heerosion o! topsoil6the thin upper #ruston the earth"s sur!a#e in whi#h manplants his !ood #rops6is an e5tremelyserious problem in Asia'


6/80

SoilSoil + the loose material that #o$ers the land sur!a#es o!7arth and supports the growth o! plants' 2n general) soil is anun#onsolidated) or loose) #ombination o! inorgani# andorgani# materials'

Soil Pro le Descriptions Soil Pro*le + A $erti#al se#tion o! the soil e5tending

$erti#ally through all its hori8ons and into the parentmaterial'

Soil Hori8on + A layer o! soil) appro5imately parallel to thesur!a#e) with properties that di9er !rom the hori8ons abo$eor below it 6 the properties (#hara#teristi#s are produ#edby soil !orming pro#esses'

Soil Layer + A layer in the soil deposited by a geologi# !or#e(wind) water) gla#iers) o#eans) et#' and not relating to soil

!orming pro#ess'


7/80


8/80

Importance of TopsoilSoil is the result o! gradual weathering o!

plants) ro#k) and minerals' 2ts !ormation isa $ery slow pro#ess that in someestimates takes pla#e at the rate o! .'

#m per #entury' ,opsoil is ri#h and !ertilebe#ause o! its organi# matter #ontent'Plants and animals die) de#ay) and arein#orporated into the soil) making it !ertileand #apable o! supporting the growth o!!ood #rops'


9/80

!nction of Topsoil ,opsoil stores plant nutrients) air) and

moisture' 2t is a $irtual !a#tory o! intensebiologi#al a#ti$ity: innumerable !ungi andba#teria in topsoil break down organi#matter and make the soil ri#her' 2t is)there!ore) essential to agri#ulutralprodu#tion' ,he nutrients in topsoil are#ru#ial) as they are the !ood o! plants' Soi! the topsoil is lost) you #annot get agood har$est !rom your land unless youuse e5pensi$e #ommer#ial !ertili8er' ,he

best thing you #an do) there!ore) is to


10/80

"ontrolling Erosion ,here are se$eral traditional ways o!

#ontrolling soil erosion su#h asre!orestation) terra#ing) multiple#ropping) #ontouring and #o$er#ropping'

SAL,


11/80

SAL,SAL, is a pa#kage te#hnology o! soil#onser$ation and !ood produ#tion)integrating di9ering soil #onser$ation

measures in 1ust one setting' ;asi#ally)SAL, is a method o! growing *eld andpermanent #rops in 3+ m wide bandsbetween #ontoured rows o! nitrogen*5ing trees' ,he nitrogen *5ing trees arethi#kly planted in double rows to makehedgerows'


12/80

SALT: An Agroforestry Scheme SAL, is a di$ersi*ed !arming system whi#h #an be

#onsidered agro!orestry sin#e rows o! permanentshrubs like #o9ee) #a#ao) #itrus and other !ruit treesare dispersed throughout the !arm plot' ,he stripsnot o##upied by permanent #rops) howe$er) are

planted alternately to #ereals (#orn) upland ri#e)sorghum) et#' or other #rops (sweet potato) melon)pineapple) #astor bean) et#' and legumes (soybean)mung bean) peanut) et#'

SAL, also in#ludes planting o! trees !or timber and*rewood on surrounding boundaries' 75amples o!tree spe#ies !or ?boundary !orestry? in SAL, aremahoganies) #asuarinas) sesbanias) #ashew nuts) pilinuts) et#'


13/80

History o! SAL, SAL, was de$eloped on a marginal site in

@inuskusan) ;ansalan) a$ao del Sur by theindanao ;aptist Bural Li!e Center ( ;BLC ' 2n4= ) ;BLC started to employ #ontourterra#es in its sloping areas' ialogues withlo#al upland !armers a#Duainted the Centerwith !arm problems and needs whi#h ga$e theCenter the impetus to work out a rele$ant andappropriate upland !arming system'

From testing di9erent inter#ropping s#hemesand obser$ing ipil+ipil+based !arming systemsin Hawaii and at the Center) the SAL, was

*nally $eri*ed and #ompleted in 4=E'
http://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/cin/AFIN/Directory%20-%20MBRLC.htmhttp://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/cin/AFIN/Directory%20-%20MBRLC.htmhttp://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/cin/AFIN/Directory%20-%20MBRLC.htmhttp://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/cin/AFIN/Directory%20-%20MBRLC.htmhttp://www.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph/cin/AFIN/Directory%20-%20MBRLC.htm


14/80

2n 4=E a he#tare o! land was sele#tedas a test site at the indanao ;aptist

Bural Li!e Center' 2t was typi#al o! thesurrounding !arms slope steeper than degrees) had been !armed !or *$e

years or more) and had soils similar tothose o! most !arms in the area' Contourlines were established #are!ully with theaid o! an A+!rame and planting o!hedgerows and permanent #rops wasbegun'


15/80

Ad#antages of SALT ,he ad$antages o! SAL, are that it is a

simple) appli#able) low+#ost) and timelymethod o! !arming uplands' 2t is ate#hnology de$eloped !or Asian !armers

with !ew tools) little #apital) and littlelearning in agri#ulture' Contour lines arerun by using an A+!rame transit that any!armer #an learn to make and use' A!armer #an grow $arieties o! #rops he is!amiliar with and old !arming patterns#an be utili8ed in the SAL, system'


16/80

Ad$antages o! SAL, (#ontinuedG

2! !armers lea$e the SAL, !arm) like sometribal groups do) the nitrogen *5ing treesand shrubs ( F,S will #ontinue to grow

and o$ershadow the #rop area' ;y thetime the land is re$erted to #ulti$ation)the soil has been enri#hed already by thelarge amount o! F,S lea$es and there isno erosion to #ontend with' 2n addition)the trees may be har$ested !or *rewoodor #har#oal'


17/80

orms of SALT Sloping Agri#ulture Land ,e#hnology

(SAL, Sloping Agro+Li$esto#k ,e#hnology

(SAL, . Sustainable Agro!orest Land

,e#hnology (SAL, 3 Small Agro!ruit Li$elihood ,e#hnology

(SAL, I


18/80

Sloping Agri#ulture Land ,e#hnology (SAL,


19/80


20/80

Step 2: Locate and mark the contour lines ,he ne5t step is to use your instrument o! #hoi#e tolo#ate #ontour lines in the *eld' Cut tall grasses or

remo$e any obstru#tion so that you #an mo$e easily andmark lines'


21/80

Step . (#ontinued ,ry to lo#ate as many #ontour lines

as possible' Bemember) the !arther

the #ontour lines are !rom ea#hother) the more potential erosiono##urs' Also) #loser #ontour lines

mean more nutrient+ri#h biomassprodu#ed and made a$ailable to the#rops growing in the alley'


22/80

Step . (#ontinued

,he steeper the slope) the #loser the#ontour hedgerows should be:#on$ersely) the Jatter the slope) the

wider the spa#ing o! hedges' Howe$er)on the Jatter slopes) it is re#ommendedthat #ontour hedgerows be spa#ed no!arther apart than m in order toma5imi8e the bene*ts o! the F,S(nitrogen *5ing treesKshrubs on soil!ertility management'


23/80

Step 3 Prepare the #ontour linesA!ter you ha$e !ound and marked the#ontour lines) prepare them by plowingand harrowing until ready !or planting'

,he width o! ea#h area to be preparedshould be m' ,he stakes will ser$e asyour guide during plowing'


24/80

Step I Plant seeds o! nitrogen+*5ing trees and shrubs( F,S

-n ea#h prepared #ontour line maketwo !urrows at a distan#e o! 0' mapart' Sow the seeds in ea#h !urrow to

allow !or a good) thi#k stand o!seedlings' Co$er seeds lightly and*rmly with soil'

75amples o! F,S !or hedgerows onthe SAL, !arm Flemingia macrophylla )Desmodium resonii ) Gliricidia sepium )

and Indigofera anil.


25/80

Step Culti$ate alternatestrips

,he spa#e between the rows o!nitrogen *5ing trees on whi#h the#rops are to be planted is #alled astrip or alley' Culti$ation is done onalternate strips (strips .) I) & and soon ' Alternate #ulti$ation pre$ents

erosion be#ause the unplowed stripswill hold the soil in pla#e'


26/80

Step & Plant permanent #rops Plant permanent #rops in e$ery third strip'

,hey may be planted at the same time theseeds o! F,S are sown' -nly the plantingholes are #leared and dug: later) ring weedingis employed until the F,S are large enoughto hold the soil'


27/80

Step & (#ontinued 75amples o! permanent #rops in#lude

durian) lan8ones) rambutan) #o9ee)banana) #itrus) #a#ao) and others o!the same height' ,all #rops are planted

at the bottom o! the hill while the shortones are planted at the top' Shade+tolerant permanent #rops #an beinter#ropped with the tall #rops'


28/80

Step = Plant short+ and medium+term #rops

ou #an plant short+ and medium+term#rops between and among strips o!permanent #rops ' ,hey are your sour#eo! !ood and regular in#ome whilewaiting !or the permanent #rops to bear!ruit' Suggested short and medium+term

#rops are pineapple) ginger) gabi) #astorbean) #amote) peanut) mung bean)melon) sorghum) #orn) upland ri#e) et#'

,o a$oid shading) plant shorter plants


29/80

St E B g t t


30/80

Step E Begu ar y tr m t eF,S

About on#e a month) the #ontinuouslygrowing F,S are #ut ba#k to a height o!0' + m !rom the ground' Pruned lea$esand twigs should always be piled at the

base o! the #rops' ,hey ser$e as soil#o$er to minimi8e the impa#t o! raindropson the bare soil' ,hey also a#t as

e5#ellent organi# !ertili8er !or both thepermanent and short+term #rops' 2n thisway) only a minimal amount o!#ommer#ial !ertili8er is ne#essary'


31/80

Step 4 Pra#ti#e #rop rotation

A good way o! rotating non+permanent#rops is to plant grains (#orn) upland ri#e)sorghum) et#' ) tubers (#amote) #assa$a)gabi) et# and other #rops (pineapple)#astor bean) et# on strips wherelegumes (mung bean) bush sitao)peanut) et# were planted pre$iously)

and $i#e $ersa' ,his pra#ti#e will helpmaintain the !ertility and good #onditiono! your soil' -ther management

pra#ti#es in #rop growing) like weeding


32/80

Step 0 ;uild and maintain green terra#es

Apart !rom pro$iding you with adeDuate !ood andsuM#ient in#ome) another important bene*t o!using SAL, is the #ontrol o! soil erosion' ,his isdone by the double+thi#k rows o! nitrogen+*5ing

trees and the natural terra#es being !ormed alongthe #ontour lines o! the hill' As you go on !armingthe sloping land) keep gathering and piling upstraw) stalks) twigs) bran#hes) lea$es) ro#ks) and

stones at the base o! the rows o! nitrogen *5ingtrees' ;y doing this regularly) and as the years goby) you #an build strong) sustainable) andbeauti!ul green terra#es whi#h will reliably an#hor

pre#ious soil in pla#e '


33/80

;uild+up o! terra#es o$er time with the SAL,system'


34/80

PAB, .


35/80

SL$PI%& A&($)

LI*EST$"+TE",%$L$&-

.SALT)/0


36/80

SAL, .

2t is #lassi*ed under the agro+sil$ipasture s#heme o! agro!orestry inthe sense that it integrates produ#tiono! !uelwood (!rom hedgerows )agri#ultural #rops) li$esto#k) and!orage'


37/80

Steps in establishing SAL, .

Step Lo#ate and e$elop theContour Lines

+Lo#ate the #ontour lines o! your !armusing an A+!rame' Bepeat the samele$el+*nding pro#ess with stakes e$ery+meter distan#e along the way untilone #omplete #ontour lines is laid out+and until the whole !arm is #o$ered'

7a#h #ontour line is spa#ed I+ meters


38/80

Step . 7stablish the Contour HedgerowsCulti$ate the #ontour lines thoroughly)

!orming raised beds) meter wide' ake. !urrows) K. meter apart) on ea#h#ontour line' Plant thi#kly the nitrogen

*5ing trees and shrubs ( F,KS on the!urrows' 2n addition) plant F,KS at theuppermost part and along the borders o!the !arm' 75amples o! hedgerow spe#iesare Flemingia ma#rophylla) esmodiumrensonii) Leu#oena leu#o#ephala) L'di$ersi!olia) Nliri#idia sepium) Calliandra#alothyrsus and 2ndigo!era tyesmani


39/80

Step 3 Plant Food and Cash Crops Nrow your !ood and #ash #rops on the

upper hal! o! the !arm so that loosenedsoil due to #ulti$ation is #aught at thelower hal! by the !orage #rops'

,o a$oid !urther disturban#e o! the soil)plant O o! the agri#ulture area to long+term #rops and the remaining toshort+term ones'


40/80

Step I e$elop the ?Forage Narden/

Plant the other hal! o! the area to !orage#rops' . goats need an area appro5imately0 !eet Q 0 !eet to pro$ide suM#ient !eed'

,his should be established &+E months be!ore

bringing in the goats' Plant only palatable)high in protein) !ast #oppi#ing and high+yielding !orage #rops'

A suggested #omposition o! !orage #rops is% esmodium rensonii) .0% Nliri#idia

septum) .0% 2ndigo!era anil and %Leu#aen#a leu#o#ephala' apier grass #an

and should be used i! a$ailable'


41/80


42/80


43/80

Step & ;ring in the ;reeding Sto#k at the Bight ,ime

o this only when the ?!orage garden? has been!ully established and is already #apable o!supplying suM#ient !orage !or the goats' ;ring inthe goats &+E months a!ter planting the !orage#rops' ,he re#ommended breeds are either thepurebreds) #rossbreeds or upgrades o! ubian)Alpine and La an#ha'


44/80

Step = Ni$e the Noats SuM#ient Feedairy goats essentially needs

Con#entrates (high+energy !eeds

E% *rst #lass ri#e bran .3% #orn grain or ri#e

middlings . % #opra meal

(#o#onut meal 3&% Leu#aena

leu#o#epha (?ipil+ipil?lea! meal

% salt % limestone

Forage (high+*ber!eeds

% esmodiumrensoni

.0% Flemingia #ongesta .0% Nliri#idia septum % Leu#aena

leu#o#epha

Noats should be gi$en daily rate o! !orage at least 0%o! their body weight'


45/80

Step E ;reed the Noats at the Bight Age

7arlier breeding will stunt the animal' A doe should not be bred until she weighs I0+ I kg

or she is 0+ . months old' ;reed the doe in the se#ond day o! the heat period' 2! the doe is not pregnant a!ter being bred o$er three heat periods)

she should be #ulled) or pla#ed under #loseobser$ation i! she is a $aluable breeding animal'

Be+breeding may be done .+3 months a!ter the doehas gi$en birth'

;u#ks may be ready !or ser$i#ing at 0 months o!age but not !or hea$y ser$i#e until o$er one year

old'


46/80

Step 1: Sell 2il3 and otherarm Prod!cts Immediately

o not delay marketing youragri#ulture) !orestry) and li$esto#kprodu#ts' ilk your goats daily)pasteuri8e the milk and dispose itimmediately' Noats are to be marketedat the age o! 0+ . months or when

weighing !rom 3 + kgs'


47/80


48/80

SAL, . does ha$e two limitationsde#ent in#ome #ould only be reali8ed i! there isa ready market !or goatRs milk: and #oldstorage will be needed i! milk handling is doneby the !amily'

"oncl!sion 2n#reased !arm produ#ti$ity per unit time and

area) generation o! employment) andin#reased milkKmeat supply !or theimpro$ement o! the nutritional status o! the!arming population are some o! the keysolutions to po$erty !or the upland !armers o!the world'/


49/80


50/80

Part 4

S5STAI%A6LE A&

($ $(EST LA%DTE",%$L$&-.SALT)40


51/80

Step Set Up the Agro!orestryursery

7nsure suM#ient supply o! plantingmaterials !or your agro!orest !arm bysetting up your own nursery'

7stablish an a##essible nursery (3meter by meters !or nursery andabout !eet by 0 !eet with the

!ollowing *5tures potting shed)transplant shed) and seedbeds'


52/80

Step . Care and anage our Seedlings

For better growth and *eld sur$i$al)the produ#tion o! healthy and$igorous planting sto#k is ne#essary'

Here are some timely tips Sowing the seeds' ,ransplanting'

ep n e on our nes an


53/80

p7stablish our Food Crops on the Lower

Portion o! the

FarmFind the #ontour lines o! the !armRs hal!lower portion by using an A+!rame'

Plant the identi*ed #ontours with any o!the !ollowing hedgerow spe#ies Flemingia ma#rophylla

esmodium rensonii Nliri#idia sepium Leu#aena di$ersi!olia L' leu#o#ephala

S 3


54/80

Step 3

Plant pre!erred short+term #rops one$ery *rst and se#ond strips'

ginger ai8e

upland ri#e sweet potato ung bean melon) et#'

Pl l # $ hi d


55/80

Plant long+term #rops on e$ery thirdstrip'

Citrus Ca#ao #o9ee ;anana bla#k pepper et#'

,hese #an be inter#ropped with !ruittrees' Following appropriate plantingdistan#es'

ulti+storey #ropping may also be


56/80


57/80

Step Compartmentali8e andSpa#e our ,rees

For a 3+!old ob1e#ti$e o! soilrehabilitation) *rewood produ#tionand timber growing) you #anma5imi8e the use o! land spa#e by!ollowing the high density strategy o!establishing small+s#ale woodlots'


58/80

Step


59/80

Step & -utplant our ,rees ,his may be done at the start or up to

the middle o! the rainy season so thatseedlings #an get established prior tothe dry season'

St 2 t #


60/80

Step = 2nter#rop our ,reeCrops

Short+ and medium+term and #ash#rops (ginger) sweet potato) yambean) #assa$a #an be inter#roppedin the !orestry #omponent during the*rst two years' Long+term ones likebla#k pepper and rattan #an be

in#orporated at the start o! these#ond year'


61/80

Step E o ,ree Stand 2mpro$ement

ring+weeding liberation #utting Pruning Beplanting

S 4 H $ A !


62/80

Step 4 Har$est our Agro!orestProdu#ts Begularly

All households and use!ul produ#ts must begathered) pro#essed and marketed'

Step 0 aintain our SAL,+3 Farm ,rim the hedgerows on#e they start toshade the agri#ultural #rops' Spreadtrimmings e$enly throughout the *eld to#he#k weeds) eDually distribute yournutrient additions) and also #onser$e soilmoisture' Pra#ti#e #rop rotation in your!ood #rop produ#tion'


63/80

Part I

S2ALL A&($ (5ITLI*ELI,$$D

TE",%$L$&- .SALT)70: ANU2 7 - H-< ,- 2 ,7NBA,7 FBU2,

,B77S 2 ,- ,H7 SAL, S S,7

S ll A f !it Li# lih d T h l


64/80

Small Agrofr!it Li#elihood Technology

75perts identi!y se$eral types o!agro!orestry: among themagrosil$i#ultural (tees with agri#ultural#rops and sil$opastoral (trees with

pastures and li$esto#k ' 2n re#entyears) !ruit #rops and other perennialhorti#ultural #rops are integrated inagro!orestry pro1e#ts' ,he indanao;aptist Bural Li!e Center ( ;BLC inthe southern part o! the Philippinesintrodu#ed !ruit trees into a new SAL,s stem #alled Small A ro!ruit

St


65/80

Steps' 7stablish a ursery Area Lo#ated at the

Center Portion o! the Farm ,o make sure that you ha$e a suM#ientsupply o! planting materials at lower #ost) setup your own nursery' ,he nursery must be

near the house and a reliable sour#e o! waterand is !ree !rom pest and disease problems' %!rsery shed 2aterials needed- watering #ans) plasti# bags !or potting)

se$eral seed bo5es) a spray bottle) and #ans!or boiling water'

' P Hi h lit Pl ti


66/80

.' Prepare High uality Plantingaterials o! Fruit ,rees

r!it selection Seed collection and grafting ,ardening and transplanting Large planting materials

3' 7 t bli h d $ l


67/80

3' 7stablish and e$elop ourContour Hedgerows

Locating conto!r lines "onto!r lines preparation (ecommended nitrogen xing

trees and shr!bs Planting hedgero8 species

I' Plant Food Crops at the Lower ne+ hird


68/80

I Plant Food Crops at the Lower -ne+,hirdPortion o! our Farm

Plant your pre!erred short+term #rops onthe lower K3 portion o! the !arm' Short+term #rops (su#h as #orn) upland ri#e)

mungo) beans) and others should beplanted in the strips between thehedgerows' Planting the !ood #rops on thelower portion o! the !arm allows them to

re#ei$e the largest amount o! sunlight' ,he earlier you establish your !ood and#ash #rops) the better o9 you will bemeeting your immediate needs'

' Plant Fruit rees at the Upper wo+ hirds Portion o!


69/80

Plant Fruit ,rees at the Upper ,wo+,hirds Portion o! our Farm

Plant !ruit tree seedlings when they are 4+ months old and at the start o! the rainyseason' ,he !ruit trees) whi#h will be the!armRs main #ash pro$ider in the !uture)

must o##upy about .K3 o! the whole !arm 2t is re#ommended that !ruit trees with short

produ#tion li!e + years o! !ruit produ#tionbe planted together with !ruit tree spe#iesthat ha$e longer produ#tion o! li!e ( + 0years o! produ#tion ) espe#ially during the*rst year o! establishing your SAL, I !arm'


70/80

SAL, I

Short+term !ruitskalamansi (Philippine lime ) balimbing)#o9ee) and bananas

Long+term !ruitsmango) durian) lan8ones) mangosteenand the like'

d $


71/80

=' Pra#ti#e Crop Botation and Co$er#ropping

"rop (otation ,o make sure that you are not depleting yoursoil o! nutrients) rotate your !ood #rops' ,hismeans that a!ter planting #orn) you #an plantlegumes (beans) pulses) and peas in thene5t #ropping season or $i#e $ersa' "o#ercropping


72/80

E' ,rim our Hedgerows Begularly!or ul#hing

Pr!ning hedgero8s &reen man!ring9fertili ation

4' Har$est and arket our


73/80

Produ#ts on ,imeFruits Seeds Ase5ual Propagation

Atis .+I years ' +. years

A$o#ado I+E years +. years: but should not be allowed tobear !ruits until I+ years

;alimbing I+& years .+3 years

Caimito +& years 3+I years

Cashew 3+I years T

Chi#o &+ 0 years 3+ years

urian =+E years +& years

Nua$a I+& years .+3 years

Nuyabano 3+ years .+3 years

Lan8ones .+ years .+I years (mar#otted : =+4 years (gra!ted

a#k!ruit &+E years I+ years (gra!ted

ango += years T

angosteen 0+ years =+4 years

arang I+& years TPili +I years .+3 years

Bambutan +& years 3+I years

Bimas E+ 0 years 3+I years

Santol += years T

Siniguelas T 3+I years (mar#otted

T ata not a$ailable

Sour#e Coronel) B'7' Promising Fruits o! the Philippines

0' aintain our SAL, I


74/80

,Farm


75/80

Beplant !ruit trees that ha$e died' Pruning is also neededby some !ruit trees' ;agging o! young !ruits) su#h as

1a#k!ruit and mango) prote#ts them against pests anddiseases' aintain your supply o! nursery seedlings'Colle#t the seeds and grow them in your nursery' ,ake thes#ions and #uttings !rom healthy) high Duality !ruit trees'

ou may sell some o! the seedlings to interested !armersand indi$iduals'

Pest management2! !ruit produ#tion is greatly a9e#ted by pests and diseases)spray the !ruit trees with re#ommended #hemi#al'Nenerally though) by ha$ing alternating spe#ies) healthyseedlings) proper spa#ing) and good !ertili8ation) mostpests and diseases will not greatly a9e#t your !ruithar$ests' 2t is mu#h easier to pre$ent pests and diseases

than to treat them'


76/80

ertili ationFruit trees produ#e !ruits e$en without !ertili8er';ut !or high yields and Duality) it is best to!ertili8e the !ruit trees with manure andKor#ommer#ial !ertili8er' As soil !ertility is di9erentin ea#h area) it is not possible to gi$e spe#i*#!ertili8er needs' 2n addition) di9erent !ruit treespe#ies reDuire di9erent amount o! !ertili8er'


77/80


78/80

Some re#ommended inter#rops !or !ruits in SAL, I'


79/80

a#k!ruit Shade tree !or#o9eeKbla#k pepper Short+term #rops

Lan8onesCorn) mung beans) bushsitao and other short+term#rops

ango Atis) gua$a) guyabanoangosteen Short+term #ropsarang Short+term #rops

Pili;anana) papaya andpineapple Field #rops and $egetable

Bambutan Annual #rops and#o9eeK#a#ao

BimasCitrus) #hi#o) atis)guyabano) pineapple)papaya and pineapple

Santol any possible inter#rops

Siniguelas ;anana) papaya) andpineapple Field #rops and $egetables

Sour#e Coronel) B' 7'( 4E3 ' Promising Fruits o!the Philippines'


80/80

The end

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	tots-vin
View:	245 times
Download:	0 times

Slopping Agriculture Land Technology

Documents