SM2701 Class 08

SM2701 Theories of Interactivity – Class 08

Today

Short introduction to game studies and interactivity


A short review


Where shall we start?

The presentation will be mainly on HOW we can study game. It will not be an exhaustive historical account of computer game and practical game design guideline.



Curriculum framework (IGDA http://www.igda.org/academia/curriculum_framework.php )

• Game criticism, analysis and history• Games and society• Game systems and design• Technical skills, programming and algorithms• Visual design• Audio design• Interactive storytelling, writing and scripting• Business and management

http://www.igda.org/academia/curriculum_framework.php



Lars Konzack’s 7 layers analysis

• Hardware• Programming code• Functionality• Game play• Meaning – use of signs, e.g. aliens, samurai• Referentiality – intertextual, other genres• Socio-culture – among players



Functionality

Dynamics• Static – fixed combination of events• Intra-textonic dynamic – different combination of events• Textonic dynamic – events can also be different



Functionality

Determinability• Determinate – one event always follows another• Indeterminate – not predictable



Functionality

Transiency• Transient – Time proceeds and causes actions to appear• Intransient – e.g. turn based game or wait for you to input

indefinitely



Functionality

Perspective• Personal – user plays a strategic character• Impersonal - otherwise



Functionality

Access• Random – user can do anything at all time• Controlled - otherwise



Functionality

Linking• Explicit – user moves with clear paths to follow• Conditional – user moves only with certain conditions are

met



Functionality

User function• Explorative – user chooses different pre-determined paths• Configurative – user makes choices that influence

subsequent order and paths• Textonic – user can contribute new choices, new logics



Gameplay

• Positions (states)• Resources• Space (virtual space vs. playground)• Time• Goal and sub-goals• Obstacles• Knowledge (rules, strategies, fate, etc.)• Rewards and penalties



Roger Caillois

• Agôn – competition• Alea – chance• Ilinx – vertigo, embodiment• Mimicry – role play, simulation



Good design?

• Visual• Physical• Situational



Realism



Realism



Good design? Remember the idea of Flow by M. Csikszentmihalyi

1. A task that can be completed.2. Ability to concentrate on the task.3. Concentration is possible because the task has clear goals.4. Concentration is possible because the task provides immediate

feedback.5. Ability to exercise a sense of control over actions.6. Deep but effortless involvement that removes awareness of

worries and frustrations of everyday life.7. Concern for self disappears but sense of self emerges stronger

afterwards.8. Sense of duration of time is altered.



Evaluation criteria for games by adopting the idea of Flow:

• Concentration• Challenge• Skills• Control• Clear goals• Feedback• Immersion• Social interaction


Where shall we start?Remember the idea of Flow, M. Csikszentmihalyi


Some facts


Fusajiro Yamauchi 山内房治郎 1889

Image from http://hanafubuki.org/

http://hanafubuki.org/


Fusajiro Yamauchi 山内房治郎 1889

Image from http://hanafubuki.org/

http://hanafubuki.org/


Tic-Tac-ToeAlexander Douglas (1952)

O X O

X X O

O X


Tennis for TwoWilliam Higinbotham (1958)


Tennis for TwoWilliam Higinbotham (1958)


SpacewarSteve Russell, 1962 MIT


SpacewarSteve Russell, 1962 MIT


ADVENT, Colossal Cave Adventure1967

Image from http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.wikipedia.org/


Magnavox OdysseyRalph Baer, 1972

Image from http://www.wikipedia.org/



Magnavox OdysseyRalph Baer, 1972


Rick BlommeSpacewar, 1969

Programmable Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations – an early computer network platform. He developed the ‘online’ version of the Spacewar.

Image from http://www.classicgaming.com/

http://www.classicgaming.com/


Alternative?


BlinkenlightsPong - Outdoor pong game with mobile phone interface.

Image from http://www.blinkenlights.de/interactive.en.html

http://www.blinkenlights.de/interactive.en.html


BlinkenlightsPong - Outdoor pong game with mobile phone interface.


Pac ManhattanITP, NYU - Outdoor PacMan game with real locations.

Image from http://www.pacmanhattan.com/

http://www.pacmanhattan.com/


Pac ManhattanITP, NYU

Image from http://www.pacmanhattan.com/

http://www.pacmanhattan.com/


Mario BrothersITP, NYU - Physical reality game


PongGame Over project


Space InvadersGame Over project


Game Boy MusicHaeyoung Kim


Game Boy MusicNullSleep


Artists in game8 bit – a documentary film, http://www.8bitmovie.com/

http://www.8bitmovie.com/


Artists in game8 bit – a documentary film, http://www.8bitmovie.com/

http://www.8bitmovie.com/


ElectroplanktonJapanese media artist Toshio Iwai for NDS


Commodore 64Demos


Demoscene

The demoscene is a computer art subculture that specializes itself on producing demos, non-interactive audio-visual presentations, which are run real-time on a computer. The main goal of a demo is to show off better programming and artistic and musical skills than others.

From http://www.wikipedia.org



DemosceneAtari ST

From http://www.wikipedia.org



DemosceneAtari Demo

From http://www7.in.tum.de/~brandtf/ataridemos.html


DemosceneSceen Magazine, http://www.sceen.org/


ExistenZA film about computer game, David Cronenberg


Feng MengboChinese artist


Feng MengboChinese artist


Hexstatic

Image from http://www.ninjatune.net/ninja/artist.php?id=64


HexstaticAstroid


HexstaticPong


Art GamesSamorost, http://amanita-design.net/


Art GamesUnreal Art – Alison Mealey

Image from http://www.unrealart.co.uk/


Art GamesUnreal Art – Vuk Cosic - http://www.ljudmila.org/~vuk/ascii/unreal/


Art GamesMario Cloud – Cory Arcangel


Art GamesSOD – Jodi


Art GamesVelvet Strike – Anne Marie Schleiner

http://www.opensorcery.net/velvet-strike/


Art GamesVelvet Strike – Anne Marie Schleiner


Art GamesTrigger Happy – Thompson & Craighead

http://www.dot-store.com/system/index.html


Art GamesBrody Condon


Art GamesJulian Oliver

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