Small-Block Pine Pine-Oak-Aspen Forest

Large-Block Pine OakPine Barrens

Landscape Level (Four Landscapes)Landscape Level (Four Landscapes)

Do differences among landscape-level disturbance regimes influence patterns of understory plant diversity or composition?

Cumulative Species Richness

0

40

80

120

160

0 1000 2000 3000

RR

P

MP TRP60 RJP RP12

OC

C

RP

7

RP

7

OC

C

OC

C

TRP60

CC

0

40

80

120

160

MA B

OP

B

OPB

PA

SPB CC YA2

H2

H1

JPO SPB

OP

BY

A2

OCC

OC

C

OBCC OCCH H HF F2JPO

RP5 MP NC

C PO

AR

P15

OR

P15

0 1000 2000 3000

H2

MP

F2 H H H H HF2F H2 C

RP

60

Distance (m)

Nu

mb

er

of

Sp

ec

ies

Pine Barrens Large-Block PO

Small-Block Pine POA Forest

Old Harvest Landing

Sand Road- Mod. Use

Sand Road- Light Use

Clearing

Access Road

ATV Trail

Dry Streambed

Grassy Roadside

Brosofske et al.

Wavelet Analysis of Shannon Diversity (H’)Wavelet Analysis of Shannon Diversity (H’)15

00

Old Harvest Landing

Sand Road- Mod. Use

Sand Road- Light Use

Clearing

Access Road

010

0050

0R

es

olu

tio

n (

m)

OPBBOPBOPB PASPB CC YA2 H2H1JPO SPB

OP

BM

A

YA

2

10000 2000 3000Distance (m)

H’

0

1

.0

2

.0

1000

1500

500

00 0.6 1.2

W. Var.

Sca

le

W E

(a) Morlet wavelet of arbitrary width and amplitude, with time along the x-axis. (b) Construction of the Morlet wavelet (blue dashed) as a Sine curve (green) modulated by a Gaussian (red).

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

1500

1000

500

0C

C H1

OP

B

BOPBOPB PASPB YA2 H2

JPO SPB

MA

YA

2

0

500

1000

1500

0 20 40 60

Res

olu

tio

n (

m)

(A)Pine Barrens

Wavelet VarianceDistance Along Transect (m)

Wavelet Transform of Species RichnessLOW HIGH

Wavelet Analysis Comparison

10005000 1500 2000 2500 3000

BOPBOPB PA

SPB CC

YA2 H2

H1

JPO SPB OP

BM

A

YA

2

OC

C

OC

C

OBCC OCCH H HF F2JPO

RP5 MP

NC

C

PO

AR

P15

OR

P15

10005000 1500 2000 2500 3000

050

010

00

150

00

500

100

015

00

Re

so

luti

on

(m

)

Distance (m)

Pine Barrens

POA Forest

Small-Block Pine

Large-Block PO

MP F2

H H H H H

F2

H2

F H2

CTRP60 RJP RP12 RRP

OC

C

RP

7

RP

7

RP

60

OC

C

MP

OC

C

TRP60

CC

W E

Old Harvest Landing

Sand Road- Mod. Use

Sand Road- Light Use

Clearing

Access Road

ATV Trail

Dry Streambed

Grassy Roadside

Sea surface temperatures averaged over the NINO3 region in the eastern Pacific (5°S-5°N, 90°W-150°W). Blue curve is low-pass filtered (>12 months) SST. Yellow background curve is running 15-year variance, plotted at mid-point of 15-year period. Curve has been reproduced upside-down to show "envelope" of variance.

a) Time series of El Niño sea surface temperature. (b) The wavelet power spectrum, using the Morlet wavelet. The x-axis is the wavelet location in time. The y-axis is the wavelet period in years. The black contours are the 10% significance regions, using a red-noise background spectrum. The red areas indicate that high El Niño activity occurred during 1880-1920 and 1965-present, while 1920-1960 was relatively calm.

Comparing Figures 1 and 3 it is now much clearer that there was large power in the 2-7 year ENSO period during both the earlier and latter parts of this century. In addition we can now see hints of a 16-year oscillation as well as power at even lower frequencies

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Spatial and

Temporal

Scale

Complexity of interactions among

human, biological,geologic, and climate

systems

of structure and composition

Variability

Ecosystem FunctionproductivitydiversityStability…

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