Small-Block Pine Pine-Oak-Aspen Forest
Large-Block Pine OakPine Barrens
Landscape Level (Four Landscapes)Landscape Level (Four Landscapes)
Do differences among landscape-level disturbance regimes influence patterns of understory plant diversity or composition?
Cumulative Species Richness
0
40
80
120
160
0 1000 2000 3000
RR
P
MP TRP60 RJP RP12
OC
C
RP
7
RP
7
OC
C
OC
C
TRP60
CC
0
40
80
120
160
MA B
OP
B
OPB
PA
SPB CC YA2
H2
H1
JPO SPB
OP
BY
A2
OCC
OC
C
OBCC OCCH H HF F2JPO
RP5 MP NC
C PO
AR
P15
OR
P15
0 1000 2000 3000
H2
MP
F2 H H H H HF2F H2 C
RP
60
Distance (m)
Nu
mb
er
of
Sp
ec
ies
Pine Barrens Large-Block PO
Small-Block Pine POA Forest
Old Harvest Landing
Sand Road- Mod. Use
Sand Road- Light Use
Clearing
Access Road
ATV Trail
Dry Streambed
Grassy Roadside
Brosofske et al.
Wavelet Analysis of Shannon Diversity (H’)Wavelet Analysis of Shannon Diversity (H’)15
00
Old Harvest Landing
Sand Road- Mod. Use
Sand Road- Light Use
Clearing
Access Road
010
0050
0R
es
olu
tio
n (
m)
OPBBOPBOPB PASPB CC YA2 H2H1JPO SPB
OP
BM
A
YA
2
10000 2000 3000Distance (m)
H’
0
1
.0
2
.0
1000
1500
500
00 0.6 1.2
W. Var.
Sca
le
W E
(a) Morlet wavelet of arbitrary width and amplitude, with time along the x-axis. (b) Construction of the Morlet wavelet (blue dashed) as a Sine curve (green) modulated by a Gaussian (red).
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1500
1000
500
0C
C H1
OP
B
BOPBOPB PASPB YA2 H2
JPO SPB
MA
YA
2
0
500
1000
1500
0 20 40 60
Res
olu
tio
n (
m)
(A)Pine Barrens
Wavelet VarianceDistance Along Transect (m)
Wavelet Transform of Species RichnessLOW HIGH
Wavelet Analysis Comparison
10005000 1500 2000 2500 3000
BOPBOPB PA
SPB CC
YA2 H2
H1
JPO SPB OP
BM
A
YA
2
OC
C
OC
C
OBCC OCCH H HF F2JPO
RP5 MP
NC
C
PO
AR
P15
OR
P15
10005000 1500 2000 2500 3000
050
010
00
150
00
500
100
015
00
Re
so
luti
on
(m
)
Distance (m)
Pine Barrens
POA Forest
Small-Block Pine
Large-Block PO
MP F2
H H H H H
F2
H2
F H2
CTRP60 RJP RP12 RRP
OC
C
RP
7
RP
7
RP
60
OC
C
MP
OC
C
TRP60
CC
W E
Old Harvest Landing
Sand Road- Mod. Use
Sand Road- Light Use
Clearing
Access Road
ATV Trail
Dry Streambed
Grassy Roadside
Sea surface temperatures averaged over the NINO3 region in the eastern Pacific (5°S-5°N, 90°W-150°W). Blue curve is low-pass filtered (>12 months) SST. Yellow background curve is running 15-year variance, plotted at mid-point of 15-year period. Curve has been reproduced upside-down to show "envelope" of variance.
a) Time series of El Niño sea surface temperature. (b) The wavelet power spectrum, using the Morlet wavelet. The x-axis is the wavelet location in time. The y-axis is the wavelet period in years. The black contours are the 10% significance regions, using a red-noise background spectrum. The red areas indicate that high El Niño activity occurred during 1880-1920 and 1965-present, while 1920-1960 was relatively calm.
Comparing Figures 1 and 3 it is now much clearer that there was large power in the 2-7 year ENSO period during both the earlier and latter parts of this century. In addition we can now see hints of a 16-year oscillation as well as power at even lower frequencies
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Spatial and
Temporal
Scale
Complexity of interactions among
human, biological,geologic, and climate
systems
of structure and composition
Variability
Ecosystem FunctionproductivitydiversityStability…
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