SUSTAINABLE SMALL ISLAND MANAGEMENT

SUNOTO, MES, PHD

Pingtan International Forum on Island Conservation and DevelopmentPingtan, China

June 25-26, 2016

INTRODUCTION(Critical Issues on Small Island)

• Social and Economy:– Poor infrastructure: settlement, transport, energy (electricity), and

drinking water facilities– Isolated economically and socially (remote)– Limited economic resources

• Ecology:– Limited natural resources– Vulnerable ecosystems

• Blue Solution:– Small islands should be managed for the benefit of the local people

and the environment– Sustainable small island management is a necessity.

SMALL ISLANDS AND CONSERVATION

• Indonesia is an archipelago state consisting of more than 17,000 islands and 104,000 km coastal lines,

• Law No. 27 of 2007 and Law No. 1 of 2014 provides legal basis for Coastal and Small Island management,

• Conservation has become one of national priorities to protect small islands and coastal zone,

• Determination of coastal and small islands conservation is based on three criteria: a) ecology: biodiversity, naturalness, ecological relevance, representativeness, uniqueness, productivity, regional migration and habitat for rare fish, local fish spawning areas; b) social and cultural rights: community support and participation, potential conflicts of interest, potential threats, local wisdom and customs; and c) economy: fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism potential,

• The use of the small island and surrounding waters is mainly designated for (1) conservation activities, (2) education and training, (3) research and development, (4) tourism, (5) fishery, and (6) organic farming,

• Priorities: local people empowerment, economic development, and environmental protection (conservation).

SMALL ISLAND MANAGEMENT:STRATEGIC APPROACH

• A SMALL ISLAND MAY BE DEVELOPED INDIVIDUALLY, BUT INTEGRATED APPROACH IS REQUIRED,

• INTEGRATED APPROACH MEANS SMALL ISLAND CLUSTER AND COASTAL WATERS TO BE CONSIDERED AS ONE MANAGEMENT UNIT,

• MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: BALANCING ECONOMIC USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,

• DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ISLANDS NEEDS TO CONSIDER THE BALANCE OF THE ISLANDS IN THE CLUSTER AND SURROUNDING WATERS WITH RESPECT TO ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF EACH ISLAND AND COASTAL WATERS,

• INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERESTS HAS BEEN DONE IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, BUT THE CLUSTER APPROACH IS STILL NOT BEING IMPLEMENTED,

• HOWEVER, WITH THE BLUE ECONOMY INITIATIVE LAUNCHED IN 2012, THE GOVERNMENT HAS INTRODUCED AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF SMALL ISLANDS CLUSTER AND COASTAL WATERS.

SPATIAL PLANNING• SMALL ISLANDS AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES

SPATIAL PLANNING (ZONING SYSTEMS)• THREE (3) CATEGORIES OF ZONES:

– (1) THE CORE ZONE, the main zone that is fully protected with at least 2% of the total area;

– (2) RESTRICTED UTILIZATION ZONE, a zone that may be utilized but limited (environmentally friendly activities)

– (3) THE OTHER ZONES, the area that is relatively not restricted for any activities with environmental considerations).

– NOTES: Restricted use zone and other zones may be used for tourism, fishing, and other activities that are environmentally friendly.

OBJECTIVES AND PLANNING DOCUMENTS

• SPATIAL PLANNING: The allocation of space and resource utilization in accordance with the potential resources, the carrying capacity, and ecological processes with the main objectives as follow:– Preserving the environment– Establishing protected areas– Managing conservation areas

• PLANNING DOCUMENTS:– Strategic Plan, Zoning Plan, Management Plan, Action Plan and

Detailed Zoning Plan. – These planning documents contain with various items ranging from

the aspects of policy direction, use of space and natural resources up to the more detailed management system of the project.

CHALLENGES• Political will of the government is positive and the policy is

sufficient to promote sustainable small islands management. • The challenge is that the governments both central and

provincial governments need to take strategic actions stand based on the common ground with mutual interests and strong commitment to implementing sustainable small islands development.

• Policy priorities are required to provide support for budgeting, human resources, and stakeholders’ participation in the process.

• The empowerment of local communities is also needed to encourage and improve public participation for the prosperity of the people and healthy environment.

SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPMENT:MARINE-BASED TOURISM AND FISHERIES

SOURCE: MMAF

SPATIAL PLANING AT ANAMBAS

SOURCE: MMAF

INTEGRATED LAND AND MARINE BASED DEVELOPMENT PLAN AT ANAMBAS

Zone 1:Hotel, Market,

Other Businesses

Zone 2:Marine tourism: diving,

snorkling, beaches, water advanture

Zone 3: mangrove conservation, fishing, beaches, restaurant

and others

Zone 1:Hotel, Market,

Other Businesses

Zone 4:Aquaculture, fishing port, market, historical tourism, floating net aquaculture,

fishing, restaurant and others

SOURCE: MMAF

SMALL ISLAND CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT

SOURCE: MMAF

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT IN MOROTAI ISLAND

4. Commercial port of Bere-Bere

6. Proposed new port of Sangowo

3. Proposed New Port of Daruba

Fish auction area Port of fishing vessels Offices

New small port Control and Monitoring

Office, Factory, New small port

Ice making Factory (10 ton/day), Cold storage (50 ton/day),

Fish auction place, Cold storage: 80 ton, Ice making factory: 15 Ton/day, Port: 30 x 8 Meter , Settlement

North Morotai

East Morotai

South Morotai

South west Morotai

1. Fishing port of Tiley

2. Foating Nets (Mari Culture)

5. Sea weeds

SOURCE: MMAF

SMALL ISLAND AQUACULTURE

Lungu-lungu Island (Location2)Lungu-lungu Island (Location 1)

Kolorai Island (Location 3) Galogalo villageSOURCE: MMAF

THANK YOU