i
SMALL SCALE INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE ROOF DESIGN
Final Project
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor of Engineering in Civil
Engineering at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Submitted by:
Findria Kalista
D 100 154 015
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2019
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
Indeed, Allah is with those who are patient.
(QS, Al-Baqarah 153)
And do good, for truly Allah likes those who do good.
(QS, Al-Baqarah 195)
But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is
bad for you. And Allah Knows, while you know not.
(QS. Al-Baqarah: 216)
Whoever goes out to seek knowledge is in the way of Allah.
(HR. Turmudzi)
Allah has the best plan
(Findria Kalista)
v
PREFACE
بسماللهالرحمنالرحيم
Assalamualai’kum Warahmatullah Wabarakatu
Alhamdullilah, first and foremost, praise and gratitude the author give to Allah SWT for
His abundant mercy, blessing and guidance. So, the authors can finish this final project in
accordance to the requirements for the Bachelor degree in Civil Engineering, Engineering
Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The final project with the title of “Small Scale
Integrated Sustainable Roof Design”. Grateful acknowledgment is here made to those who
showed great support either directly or indirectly for this final project. Then with the
completion of this final project, in particular the author would like to thank:
Allah SWT who always bestows His heart and guidance, and for all strength, ease and
guidance. And for His most beautiful gift.
Mr. Sri Sunarjono., Ph.D as Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Mr. Mochamad Solikin,
as Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering Study Program at the Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta and his staff, who have provided facilities to compilers to be able
to attend studies.
Ms. Purwanti Sri Pudyastuti, ST., MSc., as a supervisor who is so sincere and sincere that
he has provided guidance, useful advice and direction as well as instructions to the compiler
with full patience in the preparation of this Final Project. Also to Mr. Gurawan Djati, ST
MT. and Mr. Ir. Hermono, M.Eng. as a Testing Lecturer who contributed many constructive
criticisms and suggestions.
Mr. Ujianto Academic Advisor, who has helped and provided valuable guidance during the
study period in the Civil Engineering Study Program at the Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta.
Mr./Mrs. Lecturer of Civil Engineering Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta who has provided useful knowledge to the compilers.
All employees of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Civil Engineering Program
who have served and assisted compilers during the study and until the completion of the
preparation of this Final Project.
My Parents, My Family, Rezha Herbi, Riski Aditya, and all of my friends in
Muhammadiyah Surakarta who always support and help me to finish this project
vi
All parties that cannot be mentioned one by one, who have provided much assistance and
support to me. Thank you very much.
Finally the compilers realized that the results of this Final Project writing were far from
perfect. But with the completion of this Final Project, hopefully it will be useful for the
compilers themselves and for the readers.
Wassalamualai’kum Warahmatullah Wabarukatu
Surakarta, 2019
Author
vii
PROVIDING
Alhamdulillah, accompanied by the presence of Allah SWT who has blessed, I present
this small work to you
Dear Father and Mother for all the prayers, love, struggle and sacrifices that have been
given.
My brother who always gives encouragement to immediately complete this work
Thank you for Reza Herbi, Riski Aditya, and all of member of Mektan who accompanied
me for more enthusiasm to immediately complete this work.
Thank you CESA, KMTS, Civil Engineering Laboratory, which has provided invaluable
experience and knowledge.
Thank you to all those who have helped and friends of the Double Degree International Civil
Engineering, Class of 2015 and many more who cannot be mentioned one by one here,
thanks again.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................ ii
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP.............................................................iii
MOTTO ............................................................................................................... iv
PREFACE .............................................................................................................. v
PROVIDING…................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................viii
LIST OF TABLE...................................................................................................x
LIST OF FIGURE................................................................................................xi
LIST OF FORMULA ….................................................................................... xii
LIST OFABBREVIATION................................................................................xiii
LIST OF ATTACHMENT.................................................................................xiv
ASBTRACT............................................................................................................1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background........................................................................................ 1
B. Problem Statement ............................................................................. 3
C. Research Purpose ............................................................................... 3
D. Problem Limitation ............................................................................ 3
E. Benefit Research ................................................................................ 4
F. Authenticity of Resaerch .................................................................... 4
G. Similarities and Differences .............................................................. 5
CHAPTER II LITERATUR REVIEW .............................................................. 6
A. Research that has been done .............................................................. 6
CHAPTER III THEORETICAL BASIS..........................................................10
A. Hydrological Cycle .......................................................................... 10
B. Green Roof....................................................................................... 10
C. Solar Cell ......................................................................................... 11
D. Average Rainfall Area ..................................................................... 13
E. Consistency Test .............................................................................. 15
F. Rainwater Harvesting ....................................................................... 17
G. Energy Requirement ........................................................................ 19
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 20
ix
A. General ............................................................................................ 20
B. Research Equipment ........................................................................ 20
C. Data Collection Technique .............................................................. 21
D. Stage of Implemantation.................................................................. 21
E. Plan Flow Chart of Research ........................................................... 23
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ANALYSIS ........................................................ 24
A. Consistency Test .............................................................................. 24
B. Green Roof....................................................................................... 27
C. Clean Water Needed ........................................................................ 31
D. Rain Water Harvesting .................................................................... 31
E. The Energy Needed.......................................................................... 39
F. The Solar Cell Needed ..................................................................... 42
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 43
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 43
B. Suggestion........................................................................................ 43
REFERENCE
x
LIST OF TABLE
Table III.1 Runoff Coefficient .............................................................................. 17
Table V.1 Commulative data Sta. Tested and Sta. Index ..................................... 24
Table V.2 Rainfall Data of Sta. Pabelan ............................................................... 26
Table V.3 Critical Value of Q and R .................................................................... 26
Table V.4 Value of SK.......................................................................................... 27
Table V.5 Clean Water Needed per Person .......................................................... 31
Table V.6 Calculation of Rainwater Harvesting ................................................... 36
Table V.7 Capacity of The Pump ......................................................................... 40
xi
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure III.1 Example of Green Roof for Housing................................................. 11
Figure III.2 Example of Solar Cell Housing Design............................................. 12
Figure III.3 Solar Cell Work System .................................................................... 13
Figure III.4 Thoessen Method............................................................................... 14
Figure III.5 Isohyet Method .................................................................................. 15
Figure III.6 Explanation of Mass Curve ............................................................... 18
Figure IV.1 Location of The House ...................................................................... 20
Figure IV.2 Maps of Watersheeds ........................................................................ 21
Figure IV.3 Flow Chart of Plan Research ............................................................. 23
Figure V.1 Double Mass Curve Method for Sta. Pabelan .................................... 25
Figure V.2 Structure of Extensive Type of Green Roof ....................................... 28
Figure V.3 Sedum (Selected Plants) ..................................................................... 28
Figure V.4 Sedum system build-up ...................................................................... 29
Figure V.5 Plan of Green Roof ............................................................................. 29
Figure V.6 Layer of green roof ............................................................................. 30
Figure V.7 Design of green roof ........................................................................... 30
Figure V.8 Rainwater harvesting system .............................................................. 33
Figure V.9 Frontside of rainwater harvesting system ........................................... 33
Figure V.10 View of rainwater harvesting system ............................................... 34
Figure V.11 Pipe sytem to flow rainwater to the bathroom .................................. 34
Figure V.12 Pipe sytem to flow rainwater to the kitchen ..................................... 35
Figure V.13 Design of Rainwater Harvesting....................................................... 35
FigureV.14 Roof area for rainwater harvesting dimention ................................... 36
FigureV.15 Rainwater Harvesting Needed ........................................................... 37
FigureV.16 Rainwater Harvesting Needed on Sequent Peak ............................... 37
Figure V.17 Detail of rainwater harvesting system .............................................. 39
Figure V.18 Detail of pump .................................................................................. 40
Figure V.19 Curent of Pipes ................................................................................. 41
Figure V.20 Detail of solar panel .......................................................................... 42
Figure V.21 Example of 1 package of solar cell on the market ............................ 42
xii
LIST OF FORMULA
Formula III.1 Algebra Average Method .............................................................. 14
Formula III.2 Thiessen Method ............................................................................ 14
Formula III.3 Isohyet Method ............................................................................... 15
Formula III.4 RAPS Method................................................................................. 16
Formula III.5 Volume of rainwater harvesting ..................................................... 17
Formula III.6 Ripple Mass Curve Method ............................................................ 18
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Sta. : Station
BBWS : Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai
RAPS : Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums
Q : Discharge
M : Meter
Mm
Lt
:
:
Millimeter
Liter
xiv
LIST OF ATTACHMENT
Attachment I Rainfall Data of Pabelan
Attachment II Rainfall Data of Munggur
Attachment III Rainfall Data of Palur
Attachment IV Rainfall Data of Masaran