Date post: | 15-Apr-2017 |
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Engineering |
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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport
System
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Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Introduction
To access details of a passport holder through Smart card technology. For this purpose, the authorized person is provided with a Smart card. This card contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing, processing information through modulating and demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted by the reader.
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Block Diagram
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Hardware Requirements Arduino develop board
RFID Reader RFID tags LCD Resistors Capacitors Diodes Transformer Voltage Regulator Crystal and LED.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Software Requirements
Arduino software Language: Arduino programming language
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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What Smart Card? A Smart card is a plastic card about the size of a credit card.
With an embedded microchip that can be loaded with data.
Used for telephone calling, cash payments , and other applications, and then periodically refreshed for additional use.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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How Does It Work? Smart Card inserted into Card Acceptor Device (CAD), card reader
Communicated with CAD through half duplex serial lines with a data rate of up to 9600 bits per second
Commands follow standard ISO 7816 specifications
Smart Card can get information from host computer, provide identification, do encryptions/decryption , etc.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Smart Card Readers Computer based readers
• Connect through USB or COM (Serial) ports
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Dedicated terminals• Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer,
often also have biometric devices such as thumb print scanner.
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Terminal/PC Card Interaction
The terminal/PC sends commands to the card (through the serial line).
The card executes the command and sends back the reply.
The terminal/PC cannot directly access memory of the card
Data in the card is protected from unauthorized access.
This is what makes the card smart.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Fields of Smart Card UsageHealth Applications
For example in Germany health insurance companies will issue an electronic health card
Cards for the health professionals
Electronic passport (ePass, ICAO-specifications)
No need to say that BSI is active in this field…
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Fields of Smart Card UsageeGovernment / eCard
Goal: to fit as many applications as possible onto one card in order to avoid multiple cards for every citizen
BSI is very active to promote this concept in Germany
Social insurance also related to this
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Fields of Smart Card UsageDigital Signatures
As you know CC evaluation is required here by law in Germany and other countries
Digital Tachographs
Smart cards will be used in trucks in Europe instead of paper disks in order to store driving times and similar data
Access Control in companies and organizations
Public Transport
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Physical Structure & Life Cycle Physical structure specified by ISO Standard 7810, 7816
Printed circuit provides five connection points for power and data
Capability of Smart Card defined by IC chip
Microprocessor ROM RAM EEPROM
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RFID Privacy and Smartcard Privacy
Transponder (RFID-Tag, RFID-Label)
Antenna
Integration in Information Systems (i.e. Server, Services, Back Office …Example: inventory control system)
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
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RFIDRFID has 3 identity types
ID linked to Person:
direct identification: personal data on chip (biometrics) personal data in database (employee badge)
ID linked to Service:
In combination with person ID (banking, season cards) Anonymous (one time public transportation paper tickets)
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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RFIDID linked to Object / Product:
Product information in database (retail products, library books)
Direct identification (car keys)
Combining Object/Product ID with Individual is additional step, covered by existing privacy principles
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID
System-solutions
Encryption
Tag/Reader Authentication
Range reduction
Antenna size/design
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID
Consumer-in-Control Solutions
“Kill-switch”
Removable tags
Blocker tags
Shielding
User interface (NFC-device)
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RFID tagsICC Principles of Fair RFID use
RFID-use should be legal, honest, decent
• No personal data stored in RFID-tag
Consumer information and choice
• Labeling
• How to remove / disable tags
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RFID tags
ICC Principles of Fair RFID use
Privacy statement including RFID/EPC use
• What data is collected via RFID• Purposes of collection/use• Data disclosures (if any)
Data security
Individual’s right of access to data in RFID-enabled IT-system
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Applications of RFID System Logistics Chains
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Inventory Control
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Applications of RFID System
Some Benefits
Reducing the sources of errors(for instance reduction of inventory inaccuracies)
Minimizing out of stocks
Reduction of labor costs
Simplification of business processes
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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16X2 LCD Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and
20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines
plus the 8 lines for the data bus).
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data).
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ).
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD).
LCD Background
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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LCD Diagram
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Working Principal The authorized person is provided with a Smart card.
This card contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing, processing information through modulating
Demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted by the reader.
Thus, the data stored in this card is referred to as passport details of the person.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Working Principal Passport verification and checking is a very time consuming
process.
This proposed system simplifies the process by giving the authorized person
A smart card containing all the passport details like name, passport number and nationality, etc.
Once, the person places the card into the card reader, it reads the data and verifies it with the data present in the system and, if it matches, then it displays the details of the passport holder.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Working Principal This project utilizes a microcontroller from the 8051 family.
For display, a 16X2 LCD is used. The status also can be retrieved from this system by pressing the status button interfaced to a microcontroller.
Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using finger printer module.
This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and provides high level of security to the system.
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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ApplicationsAuthentication
PKI authentication
OTP authentication
Secret keys
Digital Signature
PKI authentication, OTP authentication, Secret keys
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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ApplicationsOnline Card Content Management
Lazy activation
PKI certificate renewal
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
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Conclusion
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System
Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System was designed and implemented to avoid forgery and security purpose. the project can be enhanced by using finger printer module. This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and provides high level of security to the system.