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Smart Cities Framework for Pakistan Enabling Transformation Plnr. Muhammad Aslam Mughal Plnr. Nadeem Khurshid
Smart Cities Framework for Pakistan Enabling Transformation
Plnr. Muhammad Aslam Mughal
Plnr. Nadeem Khurshid
“Making cities SMART will take time,
commitment and effort, however, It is
critical to create an enabling policy and
regulatory environment……”
Contents
Background & Rationale
Introduction to Smart Cities
Smart Cities in Vision-2025
Smart Cities Framework – Case Studies
Proposed Smart Cities Framework for Pakistan
Objectives of Smart City Transformation
Development of Efficient Urban Governance & Management Systems
Building Partnership between Community & Governing Institutions
Minimizing Frictions & Conflicts in the Urban Environment
Creating Enabling Conditions for Inclusive and Equitable Urbanization
Enabling Business Ready and Friendly Urban Environment
Enhancing Environmental Sustainability & Urban Resilience
Background & Rationale
Background & Rationale
The growth of the world’s population in the coming years will lead to a period of extreme global urbanization
By 2030, it is expected that 60% of the global population will live in cities (WHO)
The MIT’s City Science suggests that cities will account for:
90% of global population growth
80% of total wealth creation
60% of total energy consumption
Concept of Smart City emerged as the combination of Smart Growth & Intelligent Cities
Background & Rationale (Cont’d…)
Pakistan Vision-2025 states:
Share of Urban Population in Pakistan has increased from 32 % of the population in 1998 to 40% today; if
current trends of rural to urban migration continue, this share will exceed 50 % in 2025
Currently, 9 cities have populations exceeding 1 million each, and 75 with populations between 100,000 and 1 million
Pakistan’s cities contribute 78% to the country’s GDP
1% increase in urbanization leads to a 1.1% increase in the economic growth rate
“The inability of the cities to absorb, comfortably accommodate, and meaningfully employ
rural-to-urban migrants exacerbates social/ethnic tensions between ‘native’ and migrant
populations”
Background & Rationale (Cont’d…)
Year 2025
Percentage of urban population and agglomerations by class size
Year 2015
Introduction to Smart Cities
Defining Smart Cities
“A city well performing in a forward-looking way in economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and living, built on the smart combination of endowments and activities of self-decisive, independent and aware citizens” (Giffinger, et.al, 2007)
A city “connecting the physical infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city” (Harrison, et.al, 2010)
Characteristics of a Smart City
Technologies Associated with Smart Cities
Transportation sensors
Wind turbines
Intelligent Buildings
Micro and Macro GMDs
Low power semiconductors
An “RF-like” fabric
Integrated transportation
A connected self-aware environment that
includes but is not
Intelligent lighting
Smart building controls
Demand response
LED lighting
Solar panels
Fuel cells
Wireless charging for automobiles
NFC
Facial recognition
SMART waste management
Five Layers Model for Smart Cities
For developing a Smart City, it is important to define the attractions of a city on these five layers:
1st Layer: Real estate development
2nd Layer: Basic infrastructure
3rd Layer: Smart infrastructure
4th Layer: Life services
5th Layer: Lifestyles, culture and art
Smart Cities in Vision-2025
Visioning for Cities of Pakistan
Development of vertical expansion to convert urban centers into commerce friendly cities
while maximizing usage of space.
Eco-friendly sustainable cities with improved city governance, effective urban planning, efficient local mobility and infrastructure
Revision of zoning laws to cater for the the growing demand for
commercial and parking space in large urban centers
Cities with ‘Housing Information System’ to provide data on housing
demand and supply will be established.
Visioning Cities of Pakistan (Cont’d…)
Expansion of Public Services
Encouraging public transport and making cities more pedestrian
friendly Policy interventions to address urban development include: expansion of inner markets; city cluster development; & digitization of the land
registration system
Adequate protection and maintenance of heritage sites and buildings in
urban centers
Community based participation for transformation into ‘creative’ cities with innovative solutions through community
organization in collaboration with city governments
Smart Cities Consideration in Vision-2025
Vision-2025 envisages Smart cities in Pakistan as:
Cities that are capable of adapting to increasing complexity and demand for knowledge communication given urban expansion
To be able to cope adequately to increasing populations and city size with respect to providing public services, real-time updates on city traffic patterns, pollution, crime, parking spaces, water and power will be required
Our cities to become ‘smart’, they must be equipped to transfer such vast amounts of data instantaneously
To ensure that Pakistan’s cities are digitally connected, equipped with wireless network sensors and there is e-connectivity in all parts where the free flow of information is possible, thereby laying the foundations for the cities of Pakistan to be smart and creative.
Smart Cities Framework
Case Studies
19
Lusail development Project
Doha,Qatar
• Project Duration: 2006-2015
• Area : 38 sq km
• Cost: $45 Billion
• Population: 175000
• Commercial Districts and mixed Use areas
• Retail, Leisure, and entertainment Districts and Resorts
20
Songdo international business
District, South Korea
• Project Duration: 2002-2015
• Area : 1500 Acres
• Cost: $35 billion
• Population: 65000
• Commercial Districts and mixed Use areas
• Retail, Leisure, and entertainment Districts and Resorts
21
Zhuhai, China • Project Duration: 1980 onward
• Area : 1653 sq. km
• Population: 1.56 million
• Special Economic zone
• Retail, Leisure, and entertainment Districts and Resorts
22
Smart Cities, India
India plans 100 new smart cities and will develop modern satellite towns around existing cities under the smart city program:
• USD 1.2 trillion will be required over the next 20 years to build smart cities
• Allocated (USD 1.2 billion) for Smart Cities in Budget 2014-15
• Smart City projects to create 10-15% rise in employment
Selection of smart cities
• Cities in the population range of one to four million
• All state/ Union Territory capitals
• Cities of tourism/ religious/ economic importance
23
Plan IT Valley, Portugal
• Project Duration: Construction began in 2011
• Cost : 19 Billon USD
• Area : 1653 sq. km
• Population: 225000
• 100 million real-time sensors send information to a patented Urban Operating System designed to keep the whole built environment as efficient as possible
Smart Cities Framework
At its core, a Smart City Framework is a simple decision methodology that enables both the public and private sectors to plan and implement Smart City initiatives more effectively.
Most cities actually undergo this process in an intuitive way rather than in a clearly structured manner.
A structured method not only will enable efficiencies in city infrastructures, but also transparencies into how cities work.
Smart City Iskandar Malaysia
Smart City Iskandar Malaysia
Identified Programs
35 programs identified as added value enabler and initiatives to provide ease of doing business and improve living quality
Indian Smart Cities Framework
Four Guiding Principles:
Well-being
Equity
Efficiency
Foresight
A loop process, suggesting a continuous and incremental nature to making cities smart with adequate feedback mechanism
Smart Cities Strategic & Operational Framework, Cape town
Six Areas:
Smart City Leadership
Policy & Regulatory Environment
Administrative/e-government Strategy
Development Strategy
Digital Democracy
IT organization
Smart Cities Strategic & Operational Framework, CapeTown
Smart City Convergence
Action Items:
Build a broad shared view of what to achieve
Include constituents, partners and advocacy groups
Develop a cooperative architecture
Align all initiatives with the architecture and the strategy
Build demonstration projects
Making Cities Smarter - BSI
Making Cities Smarter - CISCO
The four layers of the framework
Layer 1: City Objectives—Improving Social, Environmental, and Economic Pillars
Layer 2: City Indicators—Matching Indicators to City Objectives
Layer 3: City Components—Detailing City Assets
Layer 4: City Content—Mapping Objectives to Best Practices and Policies
The circular flow of information within the Smart City Framework results in a feedback loop that enables stakeholders to understand best practices of other Smart City initiatives
Proposed Smart Cities Framework for Pakistan
Implementation Process
Following are the proposed stages of implementing Smart Cities Framework in Pakistan:
Conceptualizing Smart Cities in Pakistan
(Federal Level)
Selecting Cities for Smart Cities Project
(Federal & Provincial Levels)
Smart City Plan
(Local Level)
Projects
Identification by
Cities
(Local Level)
Implementation of Plans & Projects
(Local Level)
Monitoring & Evaluation
(Local Level)
1. Shared Vision 2. Conceptualizing
Smart Cities 3. Cities Selection 4. Smart City Plan 5. Project
Identification by Cities
6. Monitoring & Evaluation of Plans & Projects
1. Conceptualizing Smart Cities
The imperatives for conceptualizing smart cities in the Pakistan:
a. A city needs to be sustainable to become SMART
b. Principles of good governance need to be fostered, as they are important for achieving sustainability
c. Technology is an important enabler in achieving the above
d. Urban institutions need capacity
e. Need to build own terms of reference for developing smart cities
2. Cities Selection
A set of pilot cities will be selected to launch the first phase (1-5 years) of Smart Cities Project (within each province)
Need for a process of selection based on the guiding principles entailing both top-down and bottom-up approaches
Most critical part of this process is the selection of appropriate criteria and indicators for selecting cities
3. Smart City Plan
The Smart City Plan will focus on the status of local bodies with respect to levels of integration in strategy development and planning, partnership modes of working and investments across sectors, including shared-technology platforms and data assets
The following imperatives for designing base-lining indicators for aspiring ‘smart cities’ in Pakistan
There is a need for a set of overarching questions, the answers to which should be based on the four guiding principles. These can further guide the designing of baselining indicators.
There is a need for a shift from asset-based indicators to a more outcome-based set of indicators
There is a need to consider indicators which are aspirational in nature, not being constrained by data availability
4. Project Identification by Cities
The projects need to span across the following categories:
Improvement of existing infrastructure Creating new infrastructure Changing processes Influencing behavioral aspects such as awareness
building
5. Project Implementation
The implementation stage should include a range of activities including detailed project planning, preparing financial operating plans, partnerships with stakeholders and so on
6. Monitoring and Evaluation of Plans and Projects
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is a continuous process through which any changes in the baseline indicators are captured. It is important for cities to have knowledge about M&E techniques for effective evaluation of not only projects but also policies, plans, regulations, etc
Smart Cities Framework: Where to Start???
Three Tiers Setup is proposed for Smart Cities Program in Pakistan:
1. Federal level
Establishment of a Smart City Council
2. Provincial level
Establishment of Provincial Smart City Authority
3. City level
Formation of Advisory Boards within Local Govt. or Development Authority
Members
Smart Cities Council
Prime Minister An overall supervisory and advisory role Review & Approve potential cities Review the proposals of smart city projects Approve the funds based on progress Recommend mid-course correction Undertake quarterly review of activities
Nominated Federal Secretaries Fed
eral
Chair
High Level Steering
Committee Dy. Chair PC V. Chair
Representatives from International Organizations
Standing Committees for
every sector
Functions of Smart Cities Council L
EV
EL
Members
Smart Cities Authority
Chief Minister
Provide guidance to the federal smart city council Exchange of ideas pertaining to development of Smart Cities Integration of Smart cities projects with regional/provincial development strategy Contracts including tendering, consulting agreements, grant projects etc. Incur all expenditure for projects planning, construction, operation & maintenance Devise policy regulations for ICT companies
Nominated Provincial Secretaries Pro
vin
cial
Chair
Commissioners & All MD’s
Functions of Smart Cities Authority
Members
Advisory Groups
City Mayor
Comply with the requirements of PC & Smart Cities Authority Intensify knowledge exchange & mobilize capacity & local resources Accelerating smart projects via tools, thought leadership, outreach and advocacy Creating a road map for future smart city applications Regulate the development funds issued by Smart Cities Authority for related Projects Develop and benefit from inter-linkages of academic institutions and organization Convergence with other Government Schemes Monitor and review quality control related matters
Elected members, Local Administration, Local Councils & Groups, ICT experts & CEOs
Cit
y Chair
Functions of Advisory Groups
Proposed Framework
Federal Level: Smart City Council
Establishment of a Smart City Council housed in Planning Commission of Pakistan, Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms
A high level steering committee, headed by the Prime minister of Pakistan and comprising representatives of related Ministries and organizations will approve the proposals for Smart Cities Project; monitor their progress and release funds
The Committee will meet periodically, as considered necessary
Formation of Standing Committees for each of the following domain:
Smart Economy
Smart Environment
Smart Human Capital
Smart Governance
Smart Mobility
Smart Living
Smart City Planning
Federal Level: Smart City Council
Proposed Committee Members
Other Representatives of stakeholders like UN Habitat, World Bank, ADB and multilateral agencies and urban planning experts may be invited with the approval of the Chair
Prime Minister of Pakistan Chairman
Minister/Deputy Chairman Planning Commission Vice Chairman
Secretary, Ministry of Housing & Works Member
Secretary, Ministry of Finance, Revenue, Economic Affairs and Statistics Member
Joint Secretary (Economic & Finance) Member
Secretary, Ministry of Water & Power Member
Secretary, Ministry of Commerce Member
Secretary, Ministry of Industries & Production Member
Secretary, State Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication Member
Secretary, Ministry of Inter Provincial Coordination Member
Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Member
Federal Level: Smart City Council
Functions of Smart City Council
To play an overall supervisory and advisory role for Smart Cities Projects
Review & Approve the list of the names of potential cities sent by the Provincial Government
Review the proposals evaluated by panel of experts
Approve the release of funds to provincial smart cities authority, based on progress in implementation of projects
Recommend mid-course correction in the implementation tools as and when required
Undertake quarterly review of activities of the projects including budget, implementation and co-ordination
Provincial Level: Smart Cities Authority
The Provincial Government shall, by notification in the official Gazette, establish Smart Cities Authority
Functions:
The Smart cities authority will play an strategic role for smart cities projects with following proposed responsibilities:
Provide guidance to the federal smart city council and provide provincial level platform for exchange of ideas pertaining to development of Smart Cities
To ensure the integration of Smart cities projects with regional/provincial development strategy
Enter into contracts including tendering, consulting agreements, grant projects, make other arrangements and perform all tasks necessary for efficient Smart Cities Projects
Incur all necessary expenditure for planning, construction, operation and maintenance of new projects
To devise policy regulations for ICT companies
Propose centers of excellence (for smart cities) for 1 university in each province
Provincial Level: Smart Cities Authority
Proposed Members
Chief Minister Punjab Chairman
Four members of Provincial Assembly of the Punjab including at least one
female member of the Assembly and two members of National Assembly of
Pakistan nominated by the Government
Members
Chairman Planning and Development Board of the Government Member
Secretary to Government, Finance Department Member
Secretary to Government, Housing, Urban Development and Public Health
Engineering Department
Member
Secretary to Government, Local Government and Community Development
Department
Member
Secretary Industries, Commerce & Investment Department Member
Secretary Information Technology Department Member
Secretary Transport / Chairman, Provincial Transport Authority Member
Commissioners Members
All Managing Directors for Service Providing Institutuions Member
City Level: Smart City Advisory Boards
A City level, Smart City Advisory Boards will be established to advise and enable collaboration among various stakeholders including:
District Coordination Officer
TMAs administration
Elected representatives i.e. Chairman, Vice Chairman, MNAs and MPAs
Local Citizens groups
Youth Councils
Representatives "having experience in or representing organizations with specialization in technology, entrepreneurship, engineering or public works"
Experts who are involved with the smart city program
CEOs of all public sector companies
Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Private Sector Representatives
ICT Industry
City Level: Advisory Boards (Cont’d…)
A City level, Smart City Advisory Boards will be established to advise and enable collaboration among various stakeholders including:
City Mayor Chairman
Other Elected representatives i.e. Chairman, Vice Chairman, MNAs and MPAs
Members
District Coordination Officer Member
TMAs Administration Member
Local Citizens Groups Member
Youth Councils Member
Representatives "having experience in or representing organizations with
specialization in technology, entrepreneurship, engineering or public works
Member
ICT experts
Experts who are involved with the smart city program Members
CEOs of all public sector companies Member
Chamber of commerce Members
City Level: Advisory Boards (Cont’d…)
Functions
Take measures to comply with the requirements of Planning Commission & Smart Cities Authority with respect to the implementation of the Smart Cities projects.
To intensify knowledge exchange between the Authorities on Smart Cities and their key-stakeholders
Accelerating smart growth in cities through tools, thought leadership, outreach and advocacy
Creating a road map for future smart city applications and define and monitor performance metrics
Mobilize local resources within timelines and take measures necessary for the mobilization of resources
To regulate the development funds issued by Smart Cities Authority for related Projects
City Level: Advisory Boards (Cont’d…)
Functions
To facilitate in all stages from planning, designing, implementation, management, operation, monitoring and evaluation of the Smart City development projects in close liaison with Smart City Authority.
Overview Capacity Building activities
Develop and benefit from inter-linkages of academic institutions and organization
Ensure timely completion of projects according to set timelines
Convergence with other Government Schemes
Monitor and review quality control related matters and act upon issues arising thereof
Identification of Potential Cities
Following are the proposed broad considerations for selection of cities:
Larger regional development agenda
The city selection parameters should converge with larger sustainability goals like:
Regional development strategy
State development strategy
Climate Change Action Plan
Replicability and scalability
Each city is different, however the initiatives need to be scaled-up and processes replicated, if the pilot
cities are such that it demonstrates contextual variation. Thus, the selection should include:
Cities of different population size ranges
Cities with varied physical characteristics
Cities with different types of economic activities
Adapted from Indian Smart Cities Mission Guidelines
Identification of Potential Cities (Cont’d…)
Addressing vulnerability
Some cities are more vulnerable, due to their location constraints and so prioritization of the
challenges become necessary. Vulnerability constraints that should be addressed are:
Area prone to climate/other disasters
Natural resource constraint, especially water
Ecologically sensitive areas (natural trails, etc.)
Probability of Success
The pilot smart city initiatives should have a positive impact to ensure stakeholder confidence. The
major parameters that determine this are as follows:
Economic growth potential - location with respect to growth corridors, committed
investments, etc.
Infrastructure preparedness - Physical infrastructure and facilities such as roads, water supply,
sewerage, drainage, sanitation, etc., and social infrastructure such as education institutions,
and health care facilities
Educated/ aware citizens - education level, presence of knowledge institutions, participation in
governance, use of internet-based services
Proactive city government - timely preparation of required plans and their revision,
responsiveness to reforms, efficiency of citizen services and grievance redressal
ICT intervention preparedness - database, GIS-based map, etc.
Adapted from Indian Smart Cities Mission Guidelines
Thank You
