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Smart Content Bradley P. Allen Elsevier Labs Presentation to AAP PSP Pre-Conference 2012 Washington, D.C. 2012-02-01 (revised version of 2012-02-21)
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Smart Content
Bradley P. Allen
Elsevier Labs
Presentation to AAP PSP Pre-Conference 2012
Washington, D.C.
2012-02-01 (revised version of 2012-02-21)
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• Smart content is content structured to make it easier to do your work
– Discover it faster
– Understand it better
– Integrate it more cheaply with other solutions
What is smart content?
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Discovering
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Discovering
Discovering
Understanding
Understanding
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Understanding
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Understanding
10
Understanding
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Integrating
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Creating smart content by adding structure
Asset Metadata
Concepts
Assertions
Citations
Usage
Provenance and Trust
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Creating smart content: asset metadata
Asset Metadata
Concepts
Assertions
Citations
Usage
Provenance and Trust
Mandatory Pain Scoring at Triage Reduces Time to Analgesia
Jaideep Vazirani, Jonathan C. Knott, MBBS, PhD
From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and the
Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.08.007
….
We found that mandatory pain scoring did not change the frequency of analgesic administration. Baumann et al32
similarly found no increased use of analgesics after improved documentation of pain through a template chart.
…
32. Baumann BM, Holmes JH, Chansky ME, et al. Pain assessments and the provision of analgesia: the effects of a templated chart. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:47-52.
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Creating smart content: concepts
Asset Metadata
Concepts
Assertions
Citations
Usage
Provenance and Trust
Mandatory Pain Scoring at Triage Reduces Time to Analgesia
Jaideep Vazirani, Jonathan C. Knott, MBBS, PhD
From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and the
Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.08.007
….
We found that mandatory pain scoring did not change the frequency of analgesic administration. Baumann et al32
similarly found no increased use of analgesics after improved documentation of pain through a template chart.
…
32. Baumann BM, Holmes JH, Chansky ME, et al. Pain assessments and the provision of analgesia: the effects of a templated chart. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:47-52.
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Creating smart content: assertions
Asset Metadata
Concepts
Assertions
Citations
Usage
Provenance and Trust
Mandatory Pain Scoring at Triage Reduces Time to Analgesia
Jaideep Vazirani, Jonathan C. Knott, MBBS, PhD
From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and the
Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.08.007
….
We found that mandatory pain scoring did not change the frequency of analgesic administration. Baumann et al32
similarly found no increased use of analgesics after improved documentation of pain through a template chart.
…
32. Baumann BM, Holmes JH, Chansky ME, et al. Pain assessments and the provision of analgesia: the effects of a templated chart. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:47-52.
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Creating smart content: citations
Asset Metadata
Concepts
Assertions
Citations
Usage
Provenance and Trust
Mandatory Pain Scoring at Triage Reduces Time to Analgesia
Jaideep Vazirani, Jonathan C. Knott, MBBS, PhD
From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and the
Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.08.007
….
We found that mandatory pain scoring did not change the frequency of analgesic administration. Baumann et al32
similarly found no increased use of analgesics after improved documentation of pain through a template chart.
…
32. Baumann BM, Holmes JH, Chansky ME, et al. Pain assessments and the provision of analgesia: the effects of a templated chart. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:47-52.
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Methods for adding structure to content
Manual
Annotation Curation
Automated
Modeling
Classification Regression ClusteringCollaborative
filteringTopic
Modeling
Extraction
Entity Extraction
Relation Extraction
• Very mature, but
hard to scale
• Crowdsourcing is
a possible solution,
but quality control
is a challenge
• Variable degrees of maturity, but huge
strides through machine learning research
and practical application on the consumer
Internet
• Data-driven, so the more data the better
• Models can be used to build applications,
can be a new type of publication
• Language-driven,
so challenging to
generalize and
scale
• Crucial to realize
promise of ease of
integration
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• Embrace linked data principles while leveraging our existing content production workflow and infrastructure– Find the right balance between production/QA and
online delivery
• Leverage partners for content enhancement and knowledge organization– Reuse Web-standard vocabularies, taxonomies,
ontologies and entity resources where possible
• Start with asset metadata and subjects• Deliver benefits across the complementary use
cases of researcher and practitioner
Elsevier’s approach
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“Linked data is just a term for how to publish data on the web while working with the web. And the web is the best architecture we know for publishing information in a hugely diverse and distributed environment, in a gradual and sustainable way.”
Jeni Tennison. 2010. Why Linked Data for data.gov.uk? http://www.jenitennison.com/blog/node/140
What is linked data?
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1. Use URIs as names for things
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards
4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things
Tim Berners-Lee. 2006. Linked Data http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
The four principles of linked data
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Today, authors turn research into content
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Linked data can be extracted from content
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New content can be created as views over linked data
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Soon, research will become linked data directly
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Linked data will be used to create models
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Models in turn create more linked data
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Smart content stitches scholarship into the Web
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• URI and namespace management and governance
• Globalization/localization of knowledge organization systems
• Registries for resolving identity of named entities for accreditation, provenance and trust
Challenges in publishing smart content
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“Our new knowledge does not consist of a careful set of works that have passed through a series of gates. … Our new knowledge is not even a set of works. It is an infrastructure of connection.”
David Weinberger. 2011. Too Big to Know: Rethinking Knowledge Now That the Facts Aren't the Facts, Experts Are Everywhere, and the Smartest Person in the Room Is the Room, Basic Books, New York, NY
What smart content means for the publishing business
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The digital library is a horseless carriage
Print era: 1600s -1980
• Packaged as books and articles
• Physically distributed
• Access and discovery through libraries
Digital Library era: 1980 – 2010s
• Packaged as books and articles
• Digitally distributed
• Access and discovery through search engines
Platform-as-a-Service era: 2010s
• Packaged as apps and APIs
• Digitally distributed
• Access and discovery through social networks
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Filtering is moving into the Web
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Metrics are moving into the Web
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Content publishing is becoming business intelligence
Surajit Chaudhuri, Umeshwar Dayal, and Vivek Narasayya. 2011. An overview of business intelligence technology. Commun. ACM 54, 8 (August 2011), 88-98. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1978542.1978562
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The printing press is now the data center
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Publishers are becoming hubs, then platforms
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• Smart content allows publishers to create new products and services through structuring content for better discovery, insight and utility– The value is in the structure, not the content– Creating that structure is hard work– The kind of hard work that publishers have
traditionally focused on
• New consumer Internet businesses are using open source software and the cloud to add structure to content today… quickly and on the cheap
• Publishers and societies both large and small can use the same techniques to follow suit
Smart content is a bridge to the future of publishing
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The skills to do this are increasingly accessible
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Things you can do now
• Expose existing asset and subject metadata as linked data in Web pages to aid discovery
– E.g. schema.org
• Embrace and extend authoritative ontologies and repositories on the Web
• Collaborate in building needed authoritative resources for identity resolution and metrics
– E.g. ORCID
