TÜV SÜD AG
Embedded Systems (V-INM)
Smart Grid Communications
The key for exploiting renewable energy sources
9th IEEE International Workshop, 24 May 2012 Dr. Kai Strübbe, Head of Embedded Systems, TÜV SÜD AG
Lemgo Dr. Kai Strübbe 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Agenda
The Motor of Change: Shift to Renewable Energies
Automation and Communication for Smart Grids
Security for Smart Grids
Interdisciplinary and Global View on Smart Grids
2 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Running out of Time: Only 10 more Years to Success
Timetable until replacement of nuclear power in Germany
' 80 2012 2016 2020 ' 22 Today
No Gas, Cold, Grid Stress
02/10/12
Shutdown of 7 Nuclear Power Plants
06/06/11
Fukushima
03/11/11
Discussion
on Energy
Turnaround
06/14/00
Nuclear Exit Law 06/14/00 12/14/10
European Low Carbon Strategy 01/01/08 12/31/20
Lifetime Extension (Nuclear Power) 12/14/10 06/06/11
Shutdown of all Nuclear Power Plants 06/06/11 12/31/22
02/10/12 Matthias Kurth,
President Bundesnetzagentur
We must take grid actions
dedicated to emergency situations
right now. It is not a comfortable
situation.
1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
3 24 May 2012
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Energy Turnaround Serves as a Motor of Change
Germanys challenges in energy production and consumption –
but the attitude towards power quality remains the same*
20% of electricity currently
produced by renewables (of
these: wind 38.1%, PV 15.6%)
Base-load-capable power plants
near consumers (50-70km)
Production follows consumption
Few supra-regional
electricity lines
Little energy storage capacity
and little grid control options
Goal: 50% renewable energies
Energy production:
remote from load centres: large
plants (offshore wind, hydro)
decentralised: small plants (PV,
bioenergy)
volatile (wind and PV)
by 2030 Today
4 24 May 2012
*Only 14.63 min. power
outage in 2009!
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
New Systems Need to Contribute to Grid Stability
Wind/PV systems must prove grid compatiblity
Grid compatibility as a requirement for connection
Key documents: type and wind farm certificates
Goal: predictable behavior in the grid
Relevant regulations:
Short-circuit resistance
Transmission Code 2007
BDEW-regulation
FGW-regulation
VDE 4105
Criteria (examples):
Short-circuit resistance
Permanent loading
System perturbation
Dynamic grid support
Provision of reactive power
Protection from decoupling
5 24 May 2012
Note: BDEW (Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V.) / FGW (Fördergemeinschaft. Wind und anderen Erneuerbare Energien. e.V.)
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Additional Interventions of Grid Operators from January 2012
Technical requirements for feed-in management of utilities*
New
Utilit
ies
(co
mm
. fr
om
01
/01
/12
)
Exis
tin
g U
tilit
ies
(com
m. befo
re 1
2/3
1/1
1
Utility
comm. from
01/01/12
P > 30 to ≤ 100kWp
P > 100kWp
P ≤ 30kWp choice
Query actual feed in
Remote decrease
Remote decrease
70% - limit
P > 30 to ≤ 100kWp
P > 100kWp
P ≤ 30kWp
after
2008
Query actual feed in
Remote decrease
Remote decrease
No tech. Requirem.
in EEG 2012 §6
Implement.
at
commiss.
Implement.
until
06/30/12
Implement.
until
12/31/13
yes
no
yes
no
Source: VBEW
6 24 May 2012
*EEG 2012 §6 and §11
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More Wind/PV Systems Require Significant Changes
Paradigm shift in the energy sector
2-4,000km of new lines to
connect offshore wind parks*
Distributed across geographical
boundaries
Energy storage: pumped
storage, hydrogen, batteries
Performing “open heart surgery”
while business is going on.
*Only 100km have been set up so far!
Source: dena
HV net length 34,000km,
4 operators deliver up to
500TWh p. a.
2017
2021
2022
2015
2019 2022
2021
2022
2021
6HV links
betw. N-S
7 24 May 2012
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Agenda
The Motor of Change: Shift to Renewable Energies
Automation and Communication for Smart Grids
Security for Smart Grids
Interdisciplinary and Global View on Smart Grids
8 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Large Parts of the Grid Are still Uncontrollable
High, medium and low voltage grids in Germany
High voltage networks (380-110kV,
1,000+ substations)
Medium voltage networks (60-6kV,
50,000+ substations)
Low voltage networks (400-230V,
1,000,000+ substations)
Still uncontrollable!
Note: Overview of netwroks
Source: dena
9 24 May 2012
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Wind/PV as Part of a Smart and Controllable System
Study on grids of the future for Deutscher Bundestag
Note: Diagram of a Smart Grid
Source: TÜV SÜD Journal
10 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Communication Protocols Enable Virtual Power Plants
Virtual power plant concept
Goal: distributed energy networks run by a main control facility
Benefits: fast tracking/correction of load peaks
Wind farms
Control station
ICCP/TASE.2/IEC 60870-6
IEC 61850-90-1
Power
transformation
and transmission
IEC 61850
Hydroelec.
power plants
Power production
IEC 61850-7-410
Power production
IEC 61850-7-420
Power production
IEC 61400-25
IEC 62445-2
(IEC 61850-90-2)
IEC 62445-2
(IEC 61850-90-2)
IEC 62445-2
(IEC 61850-90-2)
Power
transformation
and transmission
IEC 61850
PV plants
Note: Virtual power plant concept
Source: CITCEA-UPC
11 24 May 2012
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The Smart Grid of the Future Will Be Self-Healing
12 24 May 2012
Information exchange via IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
IEC 61850 Will Be the Esperanto of the Smart Grid
One language for all components: the IEC 61850 in a nutshell
Communication standard, not just a protocol
Uses and defines data objects (3,000+), naming conventions,
semantics, information models (400+)
Information exchange between IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
from different manufacturers
Provides information exchange services
Based on Ethernet and TCP/IP
Standardizes a language (SCL – Substation Configuration Language)
to describe topology, information models, etc.
Configures IEDs, defines when and how (service) to
exchange information (to/from whom)
13 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Agenda
The Motor of Change: Shift to Renewable Energies
Automation and Communication for Smart Grids
Security for Smart Grids
Interdisciplinary and Global View on Smart Grids
14 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Safety, Security and Privacy Are Linked to the Components
Damage
CONTINUITY
of service / business
SAFETY
Protection of
life & limb
and of
environment
SECURITY
Protection of information
PRIVACY
Protection of
informational self-
determination
Cause
Malic
iou
s
Inc
ide
ntia
l
People, environment Monetary
15 24 May 2012
Relevant aspects at a glance
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Classify Risks, Anticipate Solutions
16 24 May 2012
Security challenges…
External threats (malware, drive-by-exploits,
hacking, distributed denial of service)
System stability
Privacy and data protection
…and solutions:
Combined hard- and software systems
Risk analysis (SAL – Security
Assurance Level)
Encryption, anonymisation and
pseudonymisation of data
Use of international standards
(IEC 62531, IEC 62443)
Combined strategies for a wide range of risks
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Industrial IT Security as Countermeasure to Threats
17 24 May 2012
Type of attacks and main characteristic of market
Typical risks
Insufficient authentication
methods
Patch management of low
maturity
Security protection levels
(SPL) not defined
Physical protection not
equivalent to SPL
Insecure communication
channels and passwords
Insecure remote access
Only rudimental
malware protection
Industrial Automation and Control System
(IACS)
Sys
tem
s a
cq
uis
itio
n a
nd
de
ve
lop
me
nt
TCP/IP
Remote Maintenance
Applications
(Controlling, Measurement)
Services Integration
(Middleware, Database)
Operational Services
Infrastructure/Data Processing
(Network, Network Devices, Facilities)
Industrial Control System Industrial Control System
Industrial IT -
Security
Embedded
Security
Threat
Threat
Threat
Threat
Threat
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
A Cyber Security Management System Is Needed
IEC 62443 series overview
IEC 62443 series document
Basics Management
System
Industrial IT
Security
Embedded
Security
1-1 Terminology,
concepts and models
2-1 Establishing an IACS 3-1 Security technologies
for IACS
4-1 Product development
requirements
1-2 Master glossary of
terms and abbreviations
2-2 Operating an IACS
security program
3-2 Security assurance
levels for zones and
conduits
4-2 Technical security
requirements for IACS
products
1-3 System security
compliance metrics
2-3 Patch management
in the IACS environment
3-3 System security
requirements and
security assurance levels
2-4 Certification of IACS
supplier security policies
and practices
already published
drafts
considered
Document 3: Pre-standard, guidance for the operational security of automation systems
18 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Agenda
The Motor of Change: Shift to Renewable Energies
Automation and Communication for Smart Grids
Security for Smart Grids
Interdisciplinary and Global View on Smart Grids
19 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Utilizing Existing Solutions in Security, Safety and Privacy
Embedded systems are a key success factor
They form the heart of the smart grid and have been successfully used
for years in industry, medicine, telecommunications, automobile,
consumer goods…
… providing solutions for:
Functional safety (automobile)
Industrial security (military)
Privacy and data protection (office)
Embedded
Systems
Open-ness
Stand-ards
Inter-oper-ability
Preci-
sion
Robust-ness
Safety
Security
20 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Different Worlds Grow together
Communication across all domains: electricity, data, home, mobility
Smart Grid integrates behavior
of all network participants…
Grid needs to transport
energy and information
Sectors are merging:
energy technologies,
automation and IT
New interdisciplinary mindset
for educating future engineers
Utilizing storage capacities of
consumers: i. e. electric cars,
heating…
21 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Growing Markets Offer Chances for Increased Sales
Overview global smart grid markets
China
$7.3 billion federal funding
Top spending market with
$10 billion p. a. through 2020
360 million smart meters by 2030
USA
$7.1 billion federal funding
Highest funding per capita with
$23.09
Japan
Expected to launch pilot smart
grid programs this year
Fedaral fundings in USD millions
Source: CIA World Factbook and respective stimulus packages announced in 2009
22 24 May 2012
Government stimulus
for smart appliances
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Technical Services throughout the World
TÜV SÜD – a global partner
Success in the market
for over 140 years
Headquarters:
Munich (Germany)
600 locations
17,000 experts
Turnover 2010:
€1,552 million
GERMANY
€ 1,040 Million1
WESTERN
EUROPE
€ 139 Million1
CENTRAL &
EASTERN-
EUROPE
€ 59 Million1
MIDDLE
EAST/
AFRICA
€ 10 Million1
ASIA PACIFIC
€ 194 Million1
AMERICAS
€ 110 Million1
Note: Sales Revenue in 2010
Source: TÜV SÜD
23 24 May 2012
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Interdisciplinary Solutions for Tomorrow’s Grids
TÜV SÜD – Consultancy, Testing, Certification, Training
TÜV SÜD Center of Competence Smart Grid (incl. IEC 61850
components testing)
Certification of grid compatibility for wind energy and PV systems
(accredited and recommended by DakkS and FGW)
TÜV SÜD Competence Center of Industrial Security
In addition, TÜV SÜD is an active member of many standardization
committees, initiatives and research projects
(e.g. IEC TC 57, IECEE WG Smart Grid, KITS).
24 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks 25 24 May 2012
Thank you for your attention!
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Abstract
Three features characterize electricity generation from renewable sources: it is located far away from where it
will be used; it is decentralized; and it is volatile. What looks like a long list of technical details actually conceals
a true revolution in terms of energy supply.
In Germany, we are in a special situation. Although the EU Commission wants fewer fossil fuels to be burned
and more renewable energies to be used in electricity generation in all member states, the time pressure has
increased dramatically for Germany because of the upcoming energy turnaround. Because of the scheduled
phasing out of all nuclear power plants by 2022, we must establish a Smart Grid over the next ten years and
provide a stable energy supply for a prosperous industrial nation.
The three features of producing energy from renewable sources add up to three problem areas that must be
resolved for the Smart Grid to succeed:
The generation of energy far from where it is used, especially on offshore wind farms at sea, requires a major
upgrade in transmission of power from the north of Germany to the south.
To reorganize central power generation and supply renewable energies that are produced locally, we need
more and improved data about the current state of the grid.
To compensate for volatility, we must be able to respond faster at distribution level. This requires automatic
voltage regulation in the medium- and low-voltage grid.
Smart Grid will serve as the nervous system of energy supply after the energy evolution. In addition to being an
electricity network, it is also a communication network in which intelligent devices record energy supply and
consumption data in real-time and adjust the grid voltage automatically. For this energy grid, the intelligent
devices installed must have two attributes: standards compliance and IT security. Besides expanding the
transmission capacities, the use of uniform and secure communication protocols is the biggest challenge in
building this central infrastructure.
26 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Do not Hesitate to Contact Us
Dr. Kai Strübbe
Head of Embedded Systems
TÜV SÜD AG
www.tuev-sued.com/embedded
Phone: +49 89 5791-1627
Fax: +49 89 5791-3437
Mobile: +49 151 53814778
TÜV SÜD AG
Embedded Systems V-INM
Barthstr. 16
80339 Munich
Germany
27 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Outlook and Expertise
TÜV SÜD ES Products Target Groups
IEC 61850 conformance testing
IEC 61850 interoperability testing
IEC 61850 conformance certification
Consulting and training for energy grid
integration
Risk analysis and RSA
Virtual power plants
Devices manufacturers and grid
operators
Electric power consumers, electric
power producers, local electric power
providers
Industrial IT security
IT Security in transportation
IT Security and data protection in smart
metering
Certification of smart mobile apps
Industrial plant operators, chemical,
oil and gas industry
Local and regional mobility
operators, rail companies and rail
operators
Manufacturers of smart meters, local
public energy utilities
Smart apps developers and vendors
Assessment and certification of
functional safety (IEC 61508) of grid
devices
Devices manufacturers
System integrators
Plant operators
Performance
IT Security
Functional Safety
28 24 May 2012
TÜV SÜD AG V-INM / ks
Standardisation & Cluster Initiatives in embedded systems
Committee work TÜV SÜD Embedded Systems
Standardisation Committees /
Research Cluster & Projects DKE 931.1 Security in industrial automation
DKE 952 Power systems management and
associated information exchange
IECEE Member of respective working groups
- Sub WG 2A „Smart Grid“
- Sub-WG2B “Industrial automation”
IEEE Power and energy society
IEC TC 57 Power systems
UCA Integration and interoperability
of utility systems
ISA 99 Industrial automation security
ISA Secure Industrial automation
Artemis Embedded Systems
for critical application
ITEA2 Design tools for
safe and secure ES
29 24 May 2012
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Growing Markets Offer Chances for Increased Sales
By 2014 the smart grid market will run into ten billions of dollars p.a.
USA will remain
largest market
Europe with slower
growth due to
deregulated market
China will be a
smaller market
overall but with
significant growth
rates the next years
Source: ABI, McKinsey Analysis 2010
22 24 May 2012