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GE Digital Energy
John D. McDonald, P.E.DirectorTechnical Strategy & Policy Development
IEEE PES Boston ChapterJune 18, 2013
Smart GridStatus, Trends, Standards and
Lessons Learned
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Smart Grid Status
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Smart Grid ViewThe integration of electrical and information infrastructures, and the incorporation of
automation and information technologies with our existing electrical network.
Comprehensive solutions that:
� Improve the utility’s power reliability, operational performance and overall
productivity
� Deliver increases in energy efficiencies and decreases in carbon emissions
� Empower consumers to manage their energy usage and save money without
compromising their lifestyle
� Optimize renewable energy integration and enabling broader penetration
That deliver meaningful, measurable
and sustainable benefits to the utility,
the consumer, the economy and the
Environment.
More Focus on the Distribution System
Electrical infrastructure
Information infrastructure
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Heavy Metal“ Generate & Deliver Power”
Control“How Power Flows”
Management“ Applications”
TransmissionAutomation
Gen & TransMgt.
Dist.Mgt.
Sensors Dist.Automation
AssetOptimization
Smart Grid Adds
Old Grid
Old Grid
• You call when the power goes out.
• Utility pays whatever it takes to meet peak demand.
• Difficult to manage high Wind and Solar penetration
• Cannot manage distributed generation safely.
• ~10% power loss in T&D
‘New Applications enabled by Additional Infrastructure’
Adv.Metering System
Enabled Consumers
Economic Dispatch
Smart Grid
• Utility knows power is out and usually restores it automatically.
• Utility suppresses demand at peak. Lowers cost. Reduces CAPEX.
• No problem with higher wind and solar penetration.
• Can manage distributed generation safely.
• Power Loss reduced by 2+%… lowers emissions & customer bills.
DemandOptimization
DeliveryOptimization
EnergyOptimization
Thermal Generation Lines
Sub Stations
DistEquipment
Renewable Generation
VoltageControl
A “Smarter” Grid Enabled Utility Managers
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Smart Grid Trends
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Demand Optimization
Distribution Optimization
Asset Optimization
Transmission Optimization
Workforce & EngineeringDesign
Optimization
Smart Grid Holistic Solutions
Smart Meter
&
Comms
Shared Services & applications
Interoperability Framework
Transitioning from products/systems to holistic solutions
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HAN
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
EMS OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HAN
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Transformer M&D
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
Model
MgrAsset Services
SecurityAppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Asset
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Asset OptimizationAsset Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HAN
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HAN
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
Router
DR Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Demand OptimizationDemand Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Consumers
HAN
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
Office
HAN
Router
Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter SystemsSmart Meter System OptimizationSmart Meter System Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HAN
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HAN
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & Switches
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Distribution OptimizationDistribution Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HAN
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
EMS OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HAN
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Transmission OptimizationTransmission Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HAN
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Firewall
EMS OMSDMS GIS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HAN
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Transformer M&D
Mobile
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
MobileFFA
Model
MgrAsset Services
SecurityAppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure
Workforce & Engr Design
Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Asset
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Workforce & Engr. Design Opt.Workforce & Engr. Design Opt.
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Smart Grid Standards Development and Interoperability
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A Brief History
Nov. 2009 – Formation of SGIP
Jun. 2010 – Formation of SGFAC
Dec. 2011 – SGFAC Report to NIST
Dec. 2011 – NIST reports “curtailed funding” for SGIP in 2013
Apr. 2012 – Draft of SGIP 2.0 Business Sustainment Plan
May 2012 – Comments on Business Sustainment Plan from SGFAC
Jul. 2012 – Business Sustainment Plan Finalized, SGIP 2.0 incorporated
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Example: Standards FrameworkNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
… Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Model… Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Organizational Structure
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SGIP Accomplishments
Nearly 800 companies and organizations are members of SGIP
Catalog of Standards
• Hundreds of standards considered
• 42 Included in the catalog
• 14 currently being voted on
• 82 in the review/evaluation queue
International letters of intent have been signed with countries in Europe, Asia, and the Americas with many more to come
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Global Standards Collaboration
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Global Standards Collaboration - Ecuador
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Global Standards Collaboration - Colombia
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Smart Grid Standards Vision
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The Next Generation
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Highlights of SGIP Business Sustainment PlanSupport NIST responsibilities under EISA
Coordination of interoperability standards development
Identify the necessary testing and certification requirements
Oversee the performance of these activities and maintain the momentum
Educate industry stakeholders on interoperability
Establish global interoperability alignment
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Guiding Principles to Meet Our Mission
Appropriate openness/digital and face-to-face engagement and collaboration
Balance of interests/an equal seat at the table
Aiming for consensus
Harmonization and seamlessness of standards
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Priority Action
Plan (PAP)
Teams
PAP 1 PAP 2
PAP 3 PAP…
SGIP Products
(Interoperability
Knowledge Base)
Use Cases
Requirements
White Papers
Standards
Descriptions
Conceptual Model
& Roadmaps
Catalog of
Standards
Domain Expert
Working Groups
H2G
B2G
TnD
I2G
BnP
V2GDRGS
SGIP 2.0, Inc. – Board of Directors
Standing
Committees
& Working Groups
Arch
itectu
re (S
GA
C)
Testin
g &
Ce
rtificatio
n (S
GT
CC
)
Cy
be
r Se
curity
(CS
WG
)
Imp
lem
en
tatio
n M
eth
od
s (IMC
)
Elected
Chairpersons
Ex
-officio
Ex
-officio
Ex
-officio
Ex
-officio
SGIP Member
Stakeholder Category
Elected Directors (20)
Government
Agencies
• NIST
• DOE
• FERC
Ex
-officio
Ex
-officio
International
LOIs
• Japan
• Korea
• Ecuador
Coordination functions
Program Management Office (PMO)
Executive Director
• Administrative support
Technical Committee
• GasWG
• EMIIWG
Executive Committee
• ITF
• BSPWG
Nominating &
Governance Committee
• BOPWG
• IPRWG
Nominating &
Governance Committee
• BOPWG
• IPRWG
Marketing &
Membership Committee
• CMEWG
Marketing &
Membership Committee
• CMEWG
Audit Committee
Ex
-officio
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Transition Plan
Ensure everything in SGIP is accounted for
Track the major muscle movements
• Foundational Documents (Bylaws, IPR, etc.)
• Membership Campaign
• Technical Working Priorities
• Procurement Policy
• Stakeholder BoD Elections
• Budget and P&L
Establish Basic business functionality
• Staffing (Internal vs. Outsource)
• IT/Website
• Accounting
• Membership Database
Update External Relationships
• NIST
• International
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Membership Campaign
Bylaws and IPR Policy finalized on 10/10/12
Membership packets sent on 10/12/12
• Electronic copies to all 1,900 SGIP members
• Hard copies mailed to member company “primary contacts”
• 15 additional requests for packets received in first 24 hours
• Minor tweaks being make to SGIP home page
• Issues being worked in Nominating & Governance, and Membership & Marketing committees– Non-profit vs. not-for-profit
– Member company acquisitions
Stakeholder Ambassador Presentations
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www.SGIP.org
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Smart Grid Recent Deployments and Lessons Learned
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AEP Smart Grid ProjectSummary
• American Electric Power is one of the largest electric utilities in the United States, delivering electricity to more than 5 million customers in 11 states
• 36,000 MW of generating capacity; 39K miles of transmission lines, 208K miles of distribution lines
Drivers
• Enhanced Customer Experience (Customer control, tools to understand usage)
• Operational Efficiencies (Reduce operational costs of the network)
• Energy Efficiency
• Utilize AMI infrastructure for Automation
Status
• Partnership developed to work together toward developing, demonstrating, & deploying Smart Grid solutions.
• Implement Smart Grid solutions to over 5MM customers by 2015
• First Smart Grid pilot complete in South Bend, IN. Next city-scale project in planning phase.
• GE and AEP working as partners to develop most effective Smart Grid
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Substations
FiberBackhaul Comms
Fiber Backhaul Comms
StationController
Dispatch
WirelessBackhaulComms
Smart Meter
StationIEDs & I/O
Backhaul Comms
ProtectionRelays
Devices
Smart Recloser& Switches
Transformer Monitoring & Diagnostics
Station Capacitor
Volt Reg or LTC
WirelessBackhaulComms
LocalHMI
FDIRCVVC
Adv ApsWAMS, IVVC, FDIR, DPA, DR, DER . . .
MicrogridController
Cap Banks
DNP Cap Controller
Voltage Reg
DNP Volt Regulator
Gen &Storage
LAN
Smart Meter
Residential
HAN
LargeDistributedGen &
Storage
Feeders
Consumers
Commercial& Industrial
WirelessAMI
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Backhaul Comms
Vehicles
ElectricOffice
FFA & Mobile Map
MDMSNMSEMS
SubstationDevices
Backhaul Comms
Substations
AMI Access
Integration with Business Applications
OMS M&D DMS
DistributionSubstations
AEP Project – Integrated System View
G&S
G&S
PMU
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AEP Project – Solutions DeliveredDemand Optimization
• Smart meters with AMI
• Time of use pricing
• Home Area Network
• Smart Appliances
Delivery Optimization
• Integrated Volt/Var Control
• Analysis of theoretical and measured results
• Analysis of financial benefits (MW, MWH, MVAR, and MVARH savings)
• Smart meters linked to Outage Management System (OMS)
• GENe DMS
• Poweron OMS
• Integration of DMS and OMS
• Leverage AMI for Distribution Automation
Asset Optimization
• Remote transformer monitoring of “at-risk” transformers.
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Maui Smart Grid ProjectDevelop a Smart Grid controls and communication architecture capable of coordinating DG, energy storage and loads to:
• Reduce peak load by 15% relative to loading on the distribution circuit.
• Mitigate the impacts of short-timescale wind and solar variability on the grid
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Maui - Functional Description
Demand Mgmt•Home Response Estimation•Shed Capacity Aggregation•Operator Decision•Disaggregation to Nodes•Home Selection
Volt/Var Control•Minimize Losses and Control Voltage profile
•Operating constraints:•Vmin<Vbus<Vmax•Minimum number of switching
•Max tap jumping steps • Power Flow solver• Load Forecasting/Estimation
Wind plant
Management
LTC/VR
Bulk Storage
Substation
DGs
Home Energy Manager• Optimal thermostat Setpoints for all the thermal zones
•Optimal water tank temperature setpoint;
• Controlling and managing loads;
• Providing total electricity and fuel costs.
DER Manager
•Optimal Dispatch
E
N
M
A
C
On/off
Tap Value
kW, kVAR, time
kWh, time
Forecasted kW, wind speed, ramp rate, curtailments
Deferrable, sheddable load, actual loads deferred/shed
Cap-banks
Available generation, load and forecasts,
energy price
Available generation, load, energy price, forecasts of all the above
Trans. level grid support• load-following• Intermittency management• Congestion reduction
Historical data,, amb temp, cost of
gas/elec, grid status. Elec. price
forecast.
??
Network Mgmt
FEP
SCADA
Standard Apps:
Outage Mgmt
Network Analysis
MECO EMS
• Economic Dispatch•Unit commitment
Operator
Demand Mgmt•Home Response Estimation•Shed Capacity Aggregation•Operator Decision•Disaggregation to Nodes•Home Selection
Volt/Var Control•Minimize Losses and Control Voltage profile
•Operating constraints:•Vmin<Vbus<Vmax•Minimum number of switching
•Max tap jumping steps • Power Flow solver• Load Forecasting/Estimation
Wind plant
Management
LTC/VR
Bulk Storage
Substation
DGs
Home Energy Manager• Optimal thermostat Setpoints for all the thermal zones
•Optimal water tank temperature setpoint;
• Controlling and managing loads;
• Providing total electricity and fuel costs.
DER Manager
•Optimal Dispatch
E
N
M
A
C
On/off
Tap Value
kW, kVAR, time
kWh, time
Forecasted kW, wind speed, ramp rate, curtailments
Deferrable, sheddable load, actual loads deferred/shed
Cap-banks
Available generation, load and forecasts,
energy price
Available generation, load, energy price, forecasts of all the above
Trans. level grid support• load-following• Intermittency management• Congestion reduction
Historical data,, amb temp, cost of
gas/elec, grid status. Elec. price
forecast.
??
Network Mgmt
FEP
SCADA
Standard Apps:
Outage Mgmt
Network Analysis
MECO EMS
• Economic Dispatch•Unit commitment
Operator
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• $200M smart grid initiative
• ~800-1,000 “green collar” jobs
• Public/private alliance� GE� City of Miami� FPL� Cisco� Silver Spring Networks
• ~1MM customers involved� Smart Meters� Demand Management� Distribution Automation � Substation Intelligence� Distributed Generation� Enterprise Systems
“It’s time for action. With projects like Energy Smart Miami, we can stimulate the economy today and build a brighter, cleaner tomorrow. It’s truly a win-win.”
Carol BrownerAssistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change
Collaborations & alliances are critical
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Miami proposes to lead the nation in energy efficiency with $200 million smart grid initiative
Scope and revenue
• Average city scope ~200k endpoints
• Revenue pool ~$500/endpoint
• ~20 cities in wave 1 …. New York, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, London, Lyons
• Implementation over 2-3 yrs
Global growth + city scale expansion … $1B/yr opportunity
Energy smart cities
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedTechnology:
• Challenge: “Hype” versus “Reality”• Utility expectations were that basic SG solutions were “shovel–ready”
• Reality - Component technology was not as mature as advertised when combined to create a Smart Grid Solution
• In many cases components were field re-engineered or upgraded to meet objectives and expectations
• Challenge: Integration / Interoperability• Integrating multiple supplier products to create a SG solution
• Lesson Learned: adopt and insist on standards and open architecture methodology – drive for plug and play solutions
• Test, Test, Test• Lesson Learned: Extensive lab testing for “SG Solutions” is mandatory
prior to implementation – understand the capabilities
• Re-do’s are expensive and time consuming!
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedImplementation & Deployment:
• Challenge: Coordinating multiple suppliers
• Managing equipment, shipments & delivery – pieces and parts along with assembly required for implementation (e.g., radio, controller, AMI network, substation equipment with software)
• Coordinating software functionality with multi-supplier hardware and AMI
• Lesson Learned: Minimize niche suppliers – prefer alliance suppliers with strong engineering and solution teams
• Challenge: Coordinating multiple internal departments
• Managing Substation and Distribution Engineering, Protection and Control, Communications and Construction
• Lesson Learned: Engage 1 Project Manager for each Smart Grid solution with multi-discipline authority
• Prefer packaged solutions from fewer suppliers – minimize the finger-pointing
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedProject Management:
• Establish Program Management Office• Multiple Project Managers reporting to the Program Manager
• Adhere to PM guidelines such as Communication, Status Reporting, Risk Management, etc.
• Build an “A” team with project and technical members – there will be challenges to collectively solve
• Establish Corporate Steering Committee• Key status meetings with Utility Executives and Alliance Suppliers
• Escalation and Risk Mitigation in timely manner is critical
• Build Strategic Alliances with Key Suppliers• Define, Engineer and Build the Smart Grid solutions collectively
• Alliance Supplier provides “On-site” management and technical support
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedChange Management:
• Smart Grid solutions involve multiple stakeholders (actors)• Residential / Commercial customers are now a “Major Stakeholder”
• For example: PCT’s, In-home devices, utility incentivized customer programs, 2-way communication with the Utility
• Define and develop “Use-Cases” for each component of Smart Grid• Use-Cases provide – a scenario description, defines the benefits,
actors, functional requirements, and business rules and assumptions
• Lesson Learned: Use-cases form the basis for the benefits achieved, functional requirements, development, and training
• Smart Grid actors require “Significant Training” on the operation and maintenance of the deployed system (i.e., Operations Center, Communications, Customer Call Center, Engineering, Field Crews, etc.)
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IEEE Potentials Article
November/December 2011
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Go West Young Man – My First Job
Don’t let a disappointing work situation affect your attitude and work, because it will change
No one is indispensable and continue to do more than expected and provide value to the company
Practice “precision without accuracy” in all engineering work
Get an MBA and know how to build the business case for a technical project
Get a PE license as soon as you have the required work experience (assuming you have passed the FE exam)
Serve as a mentor for young engineers
Get involved in outside activities (IEEE PES) giving talks, teaching courses and developing industry standards
John at work at Bechtel in 1975
Lessons Learned
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Thank You!