Date post: | 13-Apr-2017 |
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SMART GRID-The New & Improved Power Grid
Presented by Guided byUSN: 2SA12EE005 Prof. Abdul MunafJenifer . P. Samuel
Contents of DiscussionIntroductionDifferent types of systems in Smart GridSmart Infrastructure system
1. Smart Energy subsystem
2. Smart Information subsystem Smart Metering Smart Monitoring and Measurement
3. Smart Communication subsystem
• Benefits of Smart Grid • Conclusion and Future scope
Introduction
What is a smart Grid ?Why we need a smart grid ?Comparison with Existing grid
What is a smart Grid?
Next generation power grid
Two ways flow of electricity and information
Delivering of electricity is modern type
Uses Distributed generation
Facilitates Renewable energy development
Why we need a smart grid?
Ever Increasing demand for electricityPower outage & quality concernsDepleting Fossil fuelsEnvironmental concernsEnergy storage problemNo Consumer participation in energy conservation
To overcome all the above listed difficulties we need Smart grid.
Traditional and Smart Grid
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Traditional and Smart GridTraditional Grid Smart Grid
Electromechanical Digital/Microprocessor
One way communication Global/Integrated two way communication
Centralized generation Distributed generation
Limited monitoring, protection and control systems
Adaptive protection
Manual monitoring Self monitoring
Manual restoration Automated
Check equipment manually Monitor equipment remotely
Few customer choice Many customer choice
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Different types of systems in SG
Smart Infrastructure system•Smart Energy Subsystem•Smart Information Subsystem•Smart Communication Subsystem
Smart Management system
Smart Protection system
Smart Infrastructure systemSmart Energy subsystem
1. Power Generation:
Distributed generation(DG)- Solar panels, 3KW
Small scale wind turbines to
Fuel Cells etc.. 10MW Group of DGs form “Virtual Power Plant”
+ves: Reduced dependency on main grid Increased reliability and power quality Environment friendly
-ves: Inconsistent yield High Cost/unit since installation is costly.
“Research work is in full swing to reduce cost”
Smart Energy Subsystem
Smart Energy Subsystem
2. Transmission Grid
Smart transmission networks incorporate advance sensing , communication technologies, digitalization, automatic responses to monitor operating conditions of transmission lines.
Smart transmission grid is an integrated system that consists of three interactive components: smart control system, smart power transmission networks, smart substation.
Smart Energy Subsystem
3. Distribution Grid:
Small-scale power generation technologies that produce electricity at a site close to customers or that are tied to an electric distribution system. Thus connected at distribution voltage levels.
Connected close to loads being served.
Typically 1 kW – 50 MW capacity or less.
Can also be called on-site generation, dispersed generation or decentralized generation.
Smart Energy Subsystem
3. Distribution Grid:
Smart Energy Subsystem
4. New Grid Paradigms:
G2V & V2G technology :
Hybrid cars can generate electricity with the fuel when parked Excess Charge of Electrical vehicle serves as Electric storage Solar Hybrid Vehicles----Generate & store when Parked
Micro-grid : Localized group of Generation , Energy storage & loads Can be connected to Macro-grid or can be islanded
Smart Energy Subsystem
The single point of common coupling with the macro grid can be disconnected and the microgrid functions automatically. This operation is called as islanded microgrid.
Islanding
Smart Information Subsystem1. Smart Metering:
A smart meter is a digital meter that record energy usage in-real time.
Different types of network collect the data from meter and transmits to the utility and distribution substation.
Smart Information Subsystem
Smart Information Subsystem
2. Smart Monitoring & measurements
Smart Sensors: Detects mechanical failures like conductor breakage, hotspots, insulator
damage
Real time mechanical & electrical stress measurement& identification of permanent faults & suggest control measures to operators
WSNs (Wireless sensor network)
Smart Communication SubsystemCommunication is needed for data transmission between
smart meters and electric utilities.
The two main communication medias are Wired Wireless
Smart Communication Subsystem
Benefits Of Smart GridImproving power reliability and quality.Automatic maintenance and operation.Reducing green house gas emissions by
enabling electric vehicles and new power sources.
The manufacture, installation operation and maintenance of the smart grid and its components will create new jobs.
Increases consumer choice.
Future Grid Expansion at customer site
Future scope
Smart Grid is implemented in various countries. But Germany being the first to use.
Current Smart Grid activities in India are:
First smart grid pilot project is started in Mysore, Karnataka.
SMART GRID Project BESCOM (Bangalore) integration of renewable and decentralized energy sources in power grid.
Four pilot sites (North Delhi, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra).
Conclusion
A Smart Grid impact on a power system and generation is likely to drive towards more renewable generation.
Usage of DG, reduces Green house gases.
The pressure on the existing conventional resources will also decrease.
The Smart Grid accommodates generation and storage options; it also provides reliable power that is relatively interruption-free. �
Thus Smart Grid is the future grid with intelligence embedded in
it, with self-healing capabilities.
Reference [1] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci. A survey
on sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., 40(8):102–114, 2002. [2] I. F. Akyildiz and X. Wang. A survey on wireless mesh networks. IEEE
Radio Communications, pages 23–30, 2005. [3] B. Akyol, H. Kirkham, S. Clements, and M. Hadley. A survey of
wireless communications for the electric power system. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, 2010.
[4] H. Al-Nasseri and M. A. Redfern. A new voltage based relay scheme to protect micro-grids dominated by embedded generation using solid state converters. 19th International Conference Electricity Distribution, 2007.
[5] American Transmission Company. American Transmission Company Phasor Measurement Unit Project Description, http://www.smartgrid. gov/sites/default/files/09-0282-atc-project-description-07-11-11.pdf.
[6] P. B. Andersen, B. Poulsen, M. Decker, C. Træholt, and J. Østergaard. Evaluation of a generic virtual power plant framework using service oriented architecture. IEEE PECon’08, pages 1212–1217, 2008.
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