SMART GRID LABORATORY
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NTNU and SINTEF are building a new National Smart Grid Laboratory in Trondheim with funding from the Research Council of Norway in cooperation with the Arctic University of Norway and Smart Innovation Østfold. The laboratory is a system- oriented laboratory providing state-of-the-art infrastructure for R&D, demonstration, verification and testing over a wide range of Smart Grid use cases.
Laboratory concept:A specific feature of the laboratory is the opportunity to integrate real-time simulations and physical power system assets (hardware-in-the-loop) with ratings up to 200 kVA, 400 V AC or 700 V DC.
National Smart Grid Laboratory
Real time simulated power
systems and controls (RTSPC)
200 kVA powersupply interface
integratingRTSPC and PPSC
Physical powersystems and
controls (PPSC)
SmartBuilding
Controlcentre(s)
Energystorage
PVEV
Measurements infrastructure
Communication infrastructure
Data access (remote real time access, database access)
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Laboratory inventory / capabilities• Transmission systems (AC/DC)• Distribution systems• Generation (Large scale, DG, wind farms, PV, hydro..) • Network customers / loads• AC/DC converters: Voltage Source Converters (VSC)
and Multi-Level Converters (MMC)• Rotating machinery: Induction generators/motors
(IG), Synchronous generators/motors (SG), Permanent magnet generators/motors (PM)
• Grid emulator (200 kVA amplifier , DC to 5 kHz)• Real-Time Digital Simulators, Hardware-In-the-Loop
(HIL) testing equipment and Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) systems (OPAL-RT)
• Smart meters• Smart homes Smart buildings• Smart appliances• Energy storage• EV charging infrastructure• Protection equipment• Monitoring and measurement equipment• Wide area monitoring – Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)• Communications
Application areas / Domains supported• Smart transmission grids• HVDC grids• Smart active distribution grids• Micro grids• Integration of Smart Grids, Smart houses and smart
industries• Integration of renewables (large scale, DG) • Smart Grid and home automation• Smart electricity use • Electrification of transport• Energy storage in Smart Grids• Energy conversion in Smart Grids• Power system stability in Smart Grids• Monitoring, control and automation in Smart Grids• Communication technologies for Smart Grids• Information security and privacy in Smart Grids• Reliability challenges in Smart Grids -dependencies of
Power Grid and ICT• Smart grid software• Big data management and analytics in SmartGrids
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Laboratory use
Smart Home Management SystemTest of devices, equipment, control technology and strategies for smart home energy, indoor climate and home security and safety. In the project, different architectures (central intelligence versus distributed intelligence) and systems (e.g. LonWorks, KNX,…) were investigated and tested for different scenarios realising basic functions such temperature, ventilation and light controls, integration with smart meters, remote control, smart phone integration etc.
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Multi-terminal HVDC grid connecting offshore wind farms
Large multi-terminal HVDC grids are predicted for future implementation. We verifi ed a control strategy that will ensure safe and stable operation of such grids. This was done using a future scenario featuring a North Sea supergrid connecting 3 countries with a large share of wind power (> 50%). The strategy maintained grid stability despite large variations in produced wind power. The number of converters and machines of the lab enabled this large and complex experiment.
55 kVA Induction Generator
66 kVA VSC
Inv IGIM
Inv IG
ACDC
ACAC
DCDC
AC
DC
66 kVA VSC
66 kVA VSC66 kVA VSC
400 V400 V
400 V
640 V
DC bus
17 kVASynchronous Generator
Grid modelwith
variable load
IM
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Frequency support from wind turbinesIf wind turbines can support the electrical grid operation during faults then larger wind farms can be installed in areas with weak grids. We verifi ed and quantifi ed the effect of different control strategies on wind turbine performance during faults. The quantifi cation included
Inv IM IMIG IGAC AC
DC DC
wind farm equivalent
Inv
Weak grid equivalent
the effects of implementation on real hardware compared to software simulation. Tests were done for the two prevailing generator technologies that are used for wind turbines.
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Product testing and verificationNew products and solutions often need to be tested and verified in laboratory conditions before being commercialized. We have provided a test platform for different manufacturers to test their equipment, e.g. voltage boosters, short-circuit impedance measurement tools and power quality analysers.
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Micro gridThe integration of real-time simulated power systems and controls interfaced with a small model micro grid is shown in the figure.
Grid model + control model
Real microgrid
Poweramplifier
The objective of the setup, is to test various microgrid control strategies.
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200 kVA Power Hardware in the loop (PHIL)The purpose of the 200 kVA PHIL solution in the Smart Grid Laboratory is emulate power systems, devices and controls and their integration to physical model power systems, devices and controls to study system behaviour and performance for a reasonable power ranges and frequencies. The advantage compared to the testing of use cases at very low powers and voltages, is the ability to model certain physical phenomena in a realistic way (e.g. rotating machinery thermal effects and time constants). The fi gure shows the Power Hardware in the Loop setup with the OPAL RT real-time simulators (OP5600), the I/O devices (OP4520) and the 200 kVA, 5kHz Egston power amplifi er.
OP5600 - ML605 #1
OP4520 - IO OP4520 - IO
OP5600 - ML605 #2
PCIe Expansion
2-level converter or MMC
2-level converter or MMC
Power Amplifier
COMPISO System Unit 200 kVA
Dolphin
Sync
PCIe
Dolphin
Sync
PCIeCAN CAN
Eth x4
Power Amplifier
OP4510 with Motherboard #3
Dolphin - FO
Aurora
Aurora 1x SFP Aurora 1x SFP
AuroraPCle-FOPCle-FO
Synch - FO
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Inv
Inv
AC
ACDC
DC
InvPMG IM
IM IGPM generator 50 kVA
Energystorage
lab
Shortcircuilt
emulator
Induction generator 55 kVA
60 kVA lab converter
125 A
50 AHV/MV substation unit
MV bus
20 kVA back to back converter
Inv IM SG
AC
ACDC
DC
Synchronous generator 17 kVA
225 A
Local grid 1 Local grid 2
L2L12L1
Main supply
Lab supply grid 400 V AC 225 A
Example of physical power system setupThe Laboratory is very fl exible with respect to topology and confi guration.
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Design and print: Fagtrykk Trondheim AS - Photo: SINTEF/Gry Karin Stimo
MILJØMERKET
2041 Trykkeri 081
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Contacts:
NTNUProject Manager Professor II Kjell Sand [email protected] +47 73 59 42 16 / +47 481 64 542
SINTEF Energy ResearchResearch Manager John O. [email protected] + 47 913 68 188
www.sintef.no / www.ntnu.no