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y Smart textiles are defined as textiles that can sense andreact to environmental conditions or stimuli from

mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical or magneticsources.

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y T hermo regulating materialy Shape memory materialsy Chromic materialsy Luminescent materialsy Conductive materialy Membranesy Voltaic materials

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P araffin phase change material A bsorbs heat and stores it

Change state to retain heatP araffin enclosed into small plastic

spheres with diameters of only a fewmicrometers to prevent dissolution

P rovide a thermal balance betweenthe heat generated by the body whileengaging in a sport and the heat

released into the environment 5



y Materials stable at two or more temperature statesy Different temperature states, they have the potential to

assume different shapes

y Electro active polymers which can change shape in

response to electrical stimuliy P roduce substantial change in size or shape and force

generation for actuation mechanisms

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y Change their colour reversibly according to externalenvironmental conditions

y Photochromic : external stimulus is light.y T hermochromic : external stimulus is heat.y E l ectrochromic : external stimulus is electricity.y Piezorochromic : external stimulus is pressure.y So l vatechromic : external stimulus is liquid or gas.

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y Emits lights according to externalenvironmental conditions

y Photo lu minescence : externalstimulus is lighty E l ectro lu minescence : external

stimulus is electricity y C hemio lu minescence : external

stimulus is a chemical reactiony T ribo lu minescence : external stimulus

is friction8



y T wo types of materials, the metals andthe polymers

y

High wicking finishes (ink) with a highmetallic content that still retains thecomfort

y Direct use of conductive yarnsy A pplications are electromagnetic

interface (EMI) shielding and conductingy T hermal conduction allows distribution

of heat throughout the entire garment orsuit

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y Membranes are constituted of polymersand their structure could be made of one

or more layersy Used in sportswear for the manufacture

of breathable and impermeable clothesy More breathability and extreme water

repellencey Lotus effect provides repellence of the

aqueous products and also of the oleicproduct useful for self cleaning

garments 10



y Storage of energy for electronic partsy Use of solar cellsy Research underway to produce and store

electricity from body movements and wrist rotation

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y Smart shirt by the ProfessorSu ndaresan Jayaraman

y Uses optical fibres to detect bullet wounds

y Medical sensing devices that are attachedto the body plug into the computerisedshirt

y

Helps to determine who needsimmediate attention within the first hourof combat

y T ypes of sensors used can be varieddepending on the wearer's needs

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y T he sensory Baby Vesty To detect cardiac, pulmonary or other

defects in newborn childy T he l ife shirt by Vivometrics

y LifeShirt System gathers data during thesubject's daily routine, providingpharmaceutical and academic

researchers with a continuous "movie" of the subject's health in real-life situations(work, school, exercise, sleep), ratherthan the "snapshot" generated during atypical clinic visit

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y K eyboard made in a single layer of fabric using capacitive sensing

y

Some famous products are the K ENPO jacket that possesses an integrated M P 3lectors and the I P ods jeans by Levis

y A Swedish R&D team has developed a

glove that incorporates a phone

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y T ightens and loosens the garments automatically according to needs

y Security tools developed using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tagsy RFID tags are miniscule microchips - half the size of a grainof sand

y Listen for a radio query and respond by transmitting theirunique ID code

y

A utomating the garment handling process, including : check-in, sorting, and checkouty integration of G P S in garments for the detection of user

position in case of disappearance or kidnapping

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y O bjective is the integration of acomplete computer screen, C P U and

keyboard in a wearable garmenty Universities and researchorganisations are developing a wearable computer system that is a

better powered computer system wornon the user's body (on a belt,backpack or vest)

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y Light weighty Durabley Washabley Integratable with human body y P ierce resistanty Water resistant yet breathabley T racking/communication systemsy Monitoring systemsy Usable in security authentication

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y Needs to be chargedy Bulky y Expensivey Yet to be commercially recognized

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y Smart textiles were presented as imaginary productsand as a non competitive market

y

Nowadays SFIT are an implanted customer interestand are presented as the future of the textile industry y A lot of scientist are developing new solutions, ideas

and concrete productsy Some approximations announce a market of 1 billion

dollars by 2010 which certainly explains the currentpassion for these news topics

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Referencey http ://health.howstuffworks.com/bionic-arm.htmy http ://www.smartextiles.co.uk/_wearcomp.htmy http ://www.luminex.it/y http ://www.eleksen.com/y http ://science.howstuffworks.com/ffw.htmy http ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoskeletonsy http ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-

computer_interface#Human_BCI_researchy http ://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4411591.stmy http ://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/165596.stmy http ://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5140090.stm

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