Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 1

SmartGridoftheFuture:HELMTechnology&Energy

ManagementSystemsInsearchofautonomouscontrolinspace

andterrestrialsmartgrids

EnergyTechConferenceNovember28,2016

MahanMansouriBaGelleMemorialInsHtute

ReginaLlopis,Ph.D.EleQuant,Inc.

Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 2

Outline

•  TheneedforautonomouscontrolinACgrids(EQ)

•  HELMTM:IntroducHonintheACcontext(EQ)

•  AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem(EQ)

•  VerificaHonandValidaHon(V&V)(BMI)

•  NASASBIRPhase-I:V&Veffort(BMI)

•  K-TransferCircle:AC-DCHybridGrids(EQ)•  VisiononapplicaHonsinSmartGridsoftheFuture(EQ)

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Aging Experts

Grids Increasing Complexity

Convergence of disruptive innovation

New Technologies

•  This requires the need to start automation of certain functions hence needing AI and modern tools.

•  Big Data •  Communications •  I o T

•  Market liberalization & unbundling

•  Security & reliability losing robustness (transmission capacity, hacking, large blackouts)

•  New elements/models: intelligent meters, demand response & management, distributed generation

•  Renewables (wind, solar), storage (batteries)

•  Evolving to hybrid including DC (HVD C) & other

TheNeedforAutonomousControlinACgrids

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SimilarNeedforAutonomousControlinAC–Spacegrids

GroundEQUIVALENT

OperaHonPlanningEng.

OnboardEQUIVALENT

RealTimeOperator

Level4-5EQUIVALENT

AddingHELMtechnologytoEMScanbeachieved

NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015

Theneedfortasks´intelligentautomaHonin

bothcontextsaredrivenby

TimeConstraintsandComplexity

RISK

REQUIREMENT:AutomaHonoftaskswithAItools,machine

learning,algorithms,etc.inordertocreatesafe&efficientdecisionsupporttools

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NEW DETERMINISTIC METHOD THAT CHANGES PARADIGMS:Unlike N-R iterative methods, which show erratic convergence as the system

approaches voltage collapse, HELM always finds the correct solution. Craftsmanship versus Automation

R=0X=0.2P=-0.8

Q=-0.2

R=0X=0.2P=-0.8

Q=-0.8

R=0X=0.2P=-0.8

Q=-1.115

R=0X=0.2P=-0.8

Q=-1.05

Electrical Grid observationSimple 2-node network: one swing and one load

Operating Non-operatingErroneous No Convergence

HELMTM:IntroducEonintheACcontext

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HELMTM Iterative methods: GS, NR, FDLF,and their variants

•  The US Patented* HELMTM method is a constructive deterministic method (non-iterative).

•  Takes advantage of the particular algebraic nature of the LF problem: it is based on advanced concepts and results from Complex Analysis, such as holomorphicity, the theory of algebraic curves, and analytic continuation.

•  Guarantees finding the correct operational solution of the multivalued problem.

•  Signals the condition of voltage collapse when there is no solution (infeasible power flow).

•  Enables for the first time new types of analytical tools, and specially model-based decision-support tools based on reliable exploration of the state-space of the grid. For instance, these tools are capable of computing LF-validated restoration plans, even in real-time.

* US Patents Nos. 7519506, 7979239, 8849614.

•  Numerical iterative methods are inherently non-deterministic. Many “crafty” variants exist to improve convergence or efficiency.

•  They do not exploit the particular nature of the LF equations. Numerical iteration is a blunt tool that applies generically to all (continuous) nonlinear systems, not just LF.

•  No guarantee that iterations will always converge, as this depends on the particular choice of the initial point.

•  Additionally, since the problem is multivalued, it’s not always possible to control to which solution it will converge. They may converge to low-voltage, non-operational solutions.

•  Under normal operating conditions, convergence problems do not appear often, but under stressed conditions it becomes increasingly difficult to ensure convergence to the correct solution, or any convergence at all. Therefore, they are prone to fail when you need them most.

•  COMPLETEINTRODUCTORYTUTORIALWILLBEGIVENBYHELM’SINVENTORDR.A.TRIASWEDNESDAYAFTERNOON.

HELMTM:IntroducEonintheACcontext

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AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem

UniversityCleanEnergyAllianceofOhioBuildingandSustainingPartnershipsColumbus,Ohio.April27,2011JamesF.SoederSeniorTechnologistforPowerNASAGlennResearchCenterCleveland,Ohio

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Normalstate

CorrecHveacHons

RestoraHonprocess

DefenceplansandrestoraHon

Emergencystate

Blackout

Alertstate

Preventive actions

System protection schemes

AGORA:US,Mexico,EU

•  Optimization effect on Bottom line•  minimizing losses•  intelligent load shedding•  Optimal network Planning

•  Preventive •  contingency analysis•  demand forecasting•  load shedding

recommendations…•  Corrective

•  resolution of limits violations

•  Emergency •  Black start and cranking paths to

nuclear plants•  generation of restoration plans….

Special protection schemes

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Advanced Topology Estimation

•  Robust Topology Estimation-  Transformer Taps -  Zero Impedance Topology (Z=0)

-  Line and Transformers Connectivity

-  Line Segments Connectivity-  Shunts Connectivity-  Parameter Estimation (X in Lines)

Through the Advanced Topology estimation, grid observation results become even better.

AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem TopologyEsEmaEon

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RESTORATION: Problem Definition Search for the Optimal Path•  Define a state space where the initial state is the

disturbance condition and the final state is the pre-disturbance condition.

•  Determine the allowable actions from the initial to the final state, taking into account.

-  Available Equipment.-  Operation and Restoration Limits.

•  Define priorities for each element utilization.

Allowable Maneuvers (Actions)

Initial State

FinalState

InitialState

FinalState

Combinatorial Explosion

•  Define a transition cost function.•  Consider admissible suboptimal heuristic which

guarantees convergence of the A* algorithm.

The A* algorithm guarantees minimal cost paths (optimal paths) between the initial and final states .

AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystem A*Methodology

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TYPE OF ACTIONS:

H: time when the action is recognized as done through SCADA field data

D: Maintain Operating Limits

O: Open/ Isolate

P: Close/ Propagate Voltages

LG: Modify Load or Generation

DETAILSType of Restoration Plan

Actions carried out or still pendingConfirmation as valid ones: green, after last state estimation, red still not authorized

AGORA:HelmbasedEMSsystemPlanGeneraEon

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•  EQ robust state esHmator, youneed tounderstandwhere youhaveyourstarHngpoint.

•  HELMisnoniteraHveandnonequivocalloadflowmethod•  HELMallowsforvirtualexploraHoninmodelsimulaHonof“state

space”.•  The above allowed for sophisHcated AC grid autonomous

funcHons for decision support: AGORA maneuvers leading tosolvingopHmaloperaHon,alert&emergencysituaHonsaswellasrestoraHonofblackoutwithblackstart.

•  CollaboraHoneffortwithBMIintesHngtheHELMTechnology•  AllofthiscanandisbeingtheoreHcallyadaptedtoDCgrids,and

spacepowersystem.NASASBIRsdescribedinsometopicsinthistrack2andtheWorkshoponHELMwilldetailhow.

INTERMEDIATETAKEAWAYS

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VerificaEonandValidaEon(V&V)

•  Battelle conducted V&V on HELM-AC –  Studied the mathematics behind HELM technology–  Tested the HELM technology related software with small

size IEEE models and real world AC networks

•  Battelle managed the performance of V&V in NASA SBIR Phase-I–  HELM was successfully adapted to DC systems –  V&V results are numerically reliable

•  Battelle will conduct V&V in SBIR Phase-II

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NASASBIRPhase-I:V&Veffort

CPL

R12

1 2

•  Demonstrated the feasibility of adapting HELM to elementary DC networks

•  HELM was adapted to the nonlinearities of DC devices, other than CPLs. Implemented and tested on PV arrays and the diode.

•  Demonstrated with HELMLAB AC the reliability and autonomous capability of HELM

•  In contrast to iterative powerflows, which suffer from uncertain reliability originated in the need to choose a “suitable seed”.

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TERRESTRIALGRIDSACHELM-AGORA

NASAHELMADAPTATION

DCMAINCIRCUITSFROMISSPHASEI

NASAFULLHELMADAPTATIONTODCELECTRONICSONE

CHANNELINISSPHASEII

DCHELMNEWHELMMETHODFORTERRESTRIALMICROGRIDS

HELMFORAC-DCHYBRIDMICROGRIDSTERRESTRIAL,NAVAL,

AVIONICS,NASASMARTGRIDSTESTFACILITY&SPACEEXPLORATION

NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015

K-TransferCircle:AC-DCHybridGrids

Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 16

VisiononapplicaEonsinSmartGridsoftheFuture

UniversityCleanEnergyAllianceofOhioBuildingandSustainingPartnershipsColumbus,Ohio.April27,2011JamesF.SoederSeniorTechnologistforPowerNASAGlennResearchCenterCleveland,Ohio

NASACapabiliHesThatCouldImpactTerrestrialSmartGridsoftheFutureElectroExpoRaymondF.Beach,NASAGlennResearchCenter,March11,2015

Battelle Memorial Institute & EleQuant, Inc. 17

Elequant Inc. (Grupo AIA)48 Terra Vista Ave. #DSan Francisco, CA 94115Tel +1 415 978-9800

HQ Barcelona:Av. de la Torre Blanca, 5708172 Sant Cugat del VallèsBarcelonaTel. +34 93 504 49 00

ThankyouBattelle Memorial Institute505 King Ave.Columbus, OH 43201Tel. +1 614 424-6424