SMiA Structural Morphology in Architecture
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
OBJETIVE
Understand the concept of reciprocal structure
Study the morphology
Explore the formation of structural systems with a groupings modules reciprocal
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
TOPICS
1. Definition: reciprocal frame structure
2. Examples in nature
3. Background
4. Morphology
5. Reciprocal modules
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules
7. Details – connections
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
9. Recent Research
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
1. DEFINITION:
Reciprocal frame structure
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
1.Definition: reciprocal frame structure
• A reciprocal frame is a class of self-supporting
structure made of three or more beams and
which requires no center support to create roofs,
bridges or similar structures. Wikipedia • The reciprocal frame is a three-dimensional
grillage structure mainly used as a roof structure,
consisting of mutually supporting sloping
beams placed in a closed circuit. Olga
Popovic Larsen, Reciprocal Frame
Architecture.
• The reciprocal frame is a three-dimensional
assembly structure made up of three or more
sloping rods in a closed circuit, namely an
Reciprocal frame unit. The inner end of each rod
rests on and is supported by its adjacent rod.
Signified by the word “reciprocal,” which
expresses mutual action or relationship, such
closed circuit is obtained as the last rod is placed
over the first one in a mutually-supporting
manner. At the outer end, the rods are given
an external support by a wall, ring beams, or
column. Peng Song. Chi-Wing Fu. Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
2. EXAMPLES IN NATURE
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES En la naturaleza
encontramos ejemplos
de estructuras de trama
recíprocas ... podemos
ver los elementos
apoyados el uno del otro
... en acción mutua o de
la relación
2.Examplesin nature
In nature we find examples
of reciprocal frame
structures… we can see
the elements supported on
each other… in mutual
action or relationship
birds nest
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES fruit of the pine tree.
2.Examplesin nature The Reciprocal Frame is a simple,
efficient, rational and naturally occurring structure.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES fruit of the pine tree.
2.Examplesin nature The Reciprocal Frame is a simple,
efficient, rational and naturally occurring structure.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. BACKGROUND
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
• Man has also used these
structures to temporary
shelters… different cultures used
the reciprocal structures to
evolve your home.
3. Background
• El hombre también ha utilizado
estas estructuras para refugios
temporales ... diferentes culturas
utilizan las estructuras
recíprocas para evolucionar su
casa.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
• Structures such as the neolithic
pit dwelling, Indian tepee or the
Hogan dwellings have some
similarities to the RF concept.
Use the principle of mutually
supporting beams
3. Background
• Estructuras tales como la
vivienda fosa neolítica, tipi indio
o las viviendas Hogan tienen
algunas similitudes con el
concepto de RF. Utilice el
principio de vigas de apoyo
mutuo
• .
Indian tepee. Hogan dwelling
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
• The reciprocal structures, also
known as "Roof Mandala" have
been used since the twelfth
century in the Chinese and
Japanese architecture
• The geometric forms of these
temples in plan are reminiscent
of the mandalas used in Buddhist
meditation as symbols of
divinities and representation of
the universe
3. Background
• Las estructuras recíprocas,
también conocidas como “Tejado
Mandala” se han utilizado desde
el siglo XII en la arquitectura
China y Japonesa,
• Las formas geométricas de
estos templos en el plan son
una reminiscencia de los
mandalas se utilizan en la
meditación budista como
símbolos de divinidades y
representacion del universo
Mandala geometric: is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and
Buddhism, representing the Universe.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Leonardo Da Vinci establishes the first
geometric and structural studies of
reciprocity in the year 1500
Da Vinci described in the codex
Madrid, building reciprocal bridge
beams 3. Background
Leonardo Da Vinci - reciprocal bridge 1500
Leonardo Da Vinci establece los
primeros estudios geométricos y
estructurales de la reciprocidad en el
año mil quinientos
Da Vinci describe en el códice , la
construcción de un puente reciproco
con vigas de madera
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. Background
Floors constructed with short timbers - 1890
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
En el siglo XX en Barcelona, el
arquitecto José María Jujol
Diseñar los techos de la Casa Negre,
San Juan Despí, Barcelona (1915) y la
Casa Bofarul, Pallararesos, Tarragona
(1913-1918),
3. Background
In the twentieth century in Barcelona,
the architect Jose Maria Jujol
Design the roofs at Casa Negre, San
Juan Despi, Barcelona (1915) and
Casa Bofarul, Pallararesos, Tarragona
(1913–18),
Casa Negre, Sant Joan Despi, Barcelona 1915 - Architect Jose Maria Jujol
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. Background
Casa Negre, Sant Joan Despi, Barcelona 1915 - Architect Jose Maria Jujol
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. Background
Casa Bofarull, Pallaresos, Tarragona 1918 - Architect Jose Maria Jujol
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES More recently you are structures were
used by architects Kazuhiro Ishii
One of his first RF projects, was the
‘Spinning’ house, the only RF structure
in Japan that has been designed in
steel.
All other examples in Japan have been
built in timber
The steel RF structure, made of
Vierendeel trusses, and is the only
part of the building that can be seen
from a distance
3. Background
Más recientemente está estructuras
fueron utilizadas por los arquitectos
Kazuhiro Ishii
Uno de sus primeros proyectos de RF,
era la casa 'Spinning', la estructura de
RF sólo en Japón que ha sido
diseñado en acero.
Todos los otros ejemplos en Japón se
han construido en madera
La estructura de acero RF, hecho de
armazones Vierendeel, y es la única
parte del edificio que se puede ver
desde una distancia
Kazuhiro Ishii.
Spinning house 1985
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Another example of a RF design by Ishii is
the Sukiya Yu house where the RF
structure.
The building in which the RF structure is
used is an entertaining space, seven metres
in
span, named Yu-an. The horizontally
overlapping timber RF beams support the
wooden
dome.
To make sure that all the geometry was
right the
contractors first built 1:5 models of the
interlocking joints. When they were sure that
the
geometry was correct they scaled up the
notched timber interlocking beams and
constructed
the roof.
3. Background
Otro ejemplo de un diseño de RF por
Ishii es la casa Sukiya Yu donde la
estructura de RF.
El edificio en el que la estructura de
RF se utiliza es un espacio de
entretenimiento, de siete metros de
lapso, llamado Yu-un. Las vigas de
madera RF horizontalmente
superpuestos apoyan la madera
cúpula.
Para asegurarse de que toda la
geometría estaba en lo cierto al
contratistas primera construyeron 1: 5
modelos de las juntas entrelazadas.
Cuando estuvieron seguros de que el
geometría era correcta escalaron
hasta la madera con muescas vigas
entrelazadas y construidos
el techo.
Kazuhiro Ishii. - Sukiya Yu House - 1990
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. Background
Kazuhiro Ishii. - The Seiwa Bunraku Theater- 1990
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
3. Background
Kazuhiro Ishii. - The Seiwa Bunraku Theater- 1990
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. MORPHOLOGY
ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - polygon based
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - reciprocal vertex
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - elevation angle
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - inside face of module
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - bar or panel
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition
reciprocal vertex
inside face of module
polygon based
bar or panel
elevation angle
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Geometric composition - direction rotation of the vertex
Positive direction Negative direction
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
5. RECIPROCAL MODULES
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Modules configuration
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
Regular polygon base
and bars of different
length
Irregular polygon base
and bars of same length
Irregular polygon base and
bars of different length
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
4. Morphology
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
4. Morphology
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
4. Morphology
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
4. Morphology
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
4. Morphology
Regular modules. Regular polygon base and bars of same length
6. GROUPINGS OF RECIPROCAL MODULES
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
The roof of the Sheldonian Theatre
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Arches
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Arches
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Arches
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Regular modules - Panels
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules - Irregular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
ETH Zurich, 2009
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
ETH Zurich, 2009
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
ETH Zurich, 2009
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – Irregular modules
Gramazio & Kohler, Architecture and Digital Fabrication
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons. Eike Schling
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons. Kenneth Snelson
Tetrahedron
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Octahedron
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons. Kenneth Snelson
truncated-tetrahedron cuboctahedron
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons. Kenneth Snelson
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocal frames on platonic polyhedrons.
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Reciprocity: spatial structures on the edge Coordinators Alberto Pugnale and Dario Parigi
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Spatial Aggregations 2, ETH Zurich, 2012
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Spatial Aggregations 2, ETH Zurich, 2012
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES ENTERNDER EL
CONCEPTO DE
ESTRUCTURA
RECIPORCA
ESTUDIAR LA
MORFOLOGIA
EXPLORAR LA
CONFORMACION DE
SISEMAS
ESTRUCTURAS A
PARTIR DE A
AGRUPACION DE
MODULOS RECIPROOS
6. Groupings of reciprocal modules – spatial modules
Spatial Aggregations 2, ETH Zurich, 2012
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
7. DETAILS - CONNECTIONS
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
7. Details - connections
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
7. Details - connections
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
7. Details - connections
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
7. Details - connections
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. MEMBRANES - RECIPROCAL FRAME COVERS
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
KREOD / Chun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture 2013
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
8. Membranes - reciprocal frame covers
KREOD / Chun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture 2013
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
9. RECENT RESEARCH
Structural Morphology in Architecture
RECIPROCAL FRAME STRUCTURES
finalmente
El próximo miércoles,
vamos a montar el
Pabellón de la torcedura
si quieren venir y
participar, estaremos
desde las 11:00 cerca de
la terraza del bar de la
ETSAV
y se puede ver los
conceptos aprendidos
sobre marco recíproco
en el Pabellón
The next
Wednesday,
12/11/2014
we will assemble
the Twist Pavilion.
11:00 near
the ETSAV
terrace of bar
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !!
Finally
The next Wednesday, we
will assemble the Twist
Pavillion
if they want to come and
participate, we will be
from 11:00 near the
ETSAV terrace of bar
and you can see the
concepts learned about
reciprocal frame in the
Pavillion