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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Food Chain Risk Assessment and Management
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Seminar on Food SafetyUlaanbaatar / Mongolia 3 – 7 November 2014
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Hazard:–
“ A biological, chemical or physical agent in, orcondition of, food with the potential to cause an
adverse health effect “(Codex Alimentarius Commission)
-“A condition or physical situation with a potential
for an undesirable consequence “
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Risk:–
a situation involving exposure to danger–
the possibility that something unpleasant will happen
is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Risk vs Hazard:–
Hazard: something with the potential to causeharm.
Risk: the likelihood of occurrence and themagnitude of consequences
of a specified hazardbeing realized
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
For example,
working alone away from your office can be a hazard. The risk of personal danger may be high.
---
Electric cabling is a hazard. If it has snagged on a sharp object, the exposed wiring places it in
a 'high-risk' category.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
There are many hazards associated with food that can and do result in injury and harm to human
health. Millions of people worldwide suffer from some sort of "food poisoning" each year.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Uncontrolled application of agricultural chemicals, environmental contamination, use of unauthorized additives, microbiological hazards and other abuses of food along the food chain can all contribute to
the potential of introducing or failing to reduce hazards related to food.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
With increased awareness of the effects of food hazards on human health,
the increasing importance and rapid growth of world food trade
and the demand by consumers for a safe food supply, analysis of the risks
associated with food has become more important than ever before.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Risk assessment is a quantitative evaluation of information
on potential health hazards from exposure to various agents.
It involves four interrelated steps:
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 9
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
1. Identification of the hazard and comprehension of the danger it represents, the impact in terms of human health and the circumstances under which the danger is present (hazard identification)
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 10
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
2. Qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the adverse effects of the hazard on human health (hazard characterization)
3. Qualitative and/or quantitative evaluation of the likely degree of consumption or intake of the hazardous agent (exposure assessment)
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 11
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
4. Integration of the first three steps into an estimate of the likely adverse effect in the target population (risk characterization).
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 12
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
The entire risk assessment process requires the use of sound and scientifically derived information and the application of established scientific procedures
carried out in a transparent manner. Unfortunately, sound scientific data are not always
available for the qualitative and quantitative evaluations necessary for an absolutely sure final decision; consequently a degree of uncertainty
must be factored into the decision.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 13
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
The importance of risk assessment lies not only in its capacity for estimating human risk, but also in its function as a framework for organizing data as well
as for allocating responsibility for analysis.
The risk assessment process can include a variety of models for reaching conclusions; for example, the concept of acceptable daily intake (ADI) may be
considered a component of risk assessment.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 14
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Bacterial pathogens: not sufficient data for a quantitative risk
assessment available;the many uncertainties associated with how and
when an organism may express its pathogenic potential are one of the reasons;
Qualitative assessment is then the only current alternative.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 15
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
FAO/WHO consultations had difficulty with quantitative microbiological risk assessment, and one recommendation is to establish an FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Microbiological Risk Assessment.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 16
SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Chemical risk assessment is a fairly well established process and in general permits the assessment of
risks from long-term chronic exposure to a chemical.
It includes the assessment of food additives, residues of pesticides and other agricultural
chemicals, residues from veterinary drugs, chemical contaminants from any source and natural toxins
such as mycotoxins and ciguatoxin.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA 17
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Commissioning a targeted risk assessment –
aflatoxins example
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Commissioning a targeted risk assessment –
aflatoxins example
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Commissioning a targeted risk assessment –
aflatoxins example
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
The naturally occurring mycotoxins, aflatoxins, are considered to be carcinogenic to humans, and the initial risk assessment by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) resulted in the recommendation to take management actions to reduce aflatoxin intake to the lowest practicable levels.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
After additional scientific data became available, and several risk management options were considered, the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC)commissioned a targeted risk assessment to JECFA: to evaluate the potency of these contaminants, to link these potency estimates to intake estimates and to estimate the impact of different standards, i.e. maximum limits, on the overall cancer risk.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
The outcome of the potency estimates and the evaluation of the impact of different standards assist the risk manager in the decision making process to set regulatory limits for these contaminants in the food supply.
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA
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SMMSS - Support to Modernisation of Mongolia Standardisation System
Thank you very much
for your attention
Peter Steinbüchel - Nov. 2014 - RiA