SMOKING & CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Definition• Never Smokers – Adults who have never smoked a cigarette

or who smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their entire lifetime.• Former Smokers – Adults who have smoked at least 100

cigarettes in their lifetime, but say they currently do not smoke.• Nonsmokers – Adults who currently do not smoke cigarettes,

including both former smokers and never smokers.• Current Smokers – Adults who have smoked 100 cigarettes

in their lifetime and currently smoke cigarettes every day (daily) or some days (nondaily).

http://dhds.cdc.gov/guides/healthtopics/indicator

FACTORS?

• Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 known components, of which only a few components have been examined in isolation

Carbon monoxide (CO) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in the tar

fraction Nicotine Free radical-mediated oxidative stress(Currently

most accepted hypothesis)

Effects• Cigarette smoking predisposes the individual to

several different clinical atherosclerotic syndromes, including stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, sudden death, and stroke. Aortic and peripheral atherosclerosis are also increased.

Hung MJ, Hu P, Hung MY. Coronary Artery Spasm: Review and Update. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11(11):1161-1171

• Passive smoking (environmental tobacco exposure) with a smoke exposure about one-hundredth that of active CS is associated with approximately a 30% increase in risk of CAD, compared with an 80% increase in active smokers