OWL Wiki Forms (OWF)A Style Language that Generates Wikis from

Semantic Web Ontologies

Lloyd Rutledge

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Semantic Web (Linked Data Cloud)

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lYvHgLz4B1w/TTRg3mCss8I/AAAAAAAACEs/lOHsxbkypvo/s1600/lod-datasets_2010-09-22_colored.jpg.png

Linked Data Cloud, 2007

Yourwiki

Pagina 11

Overview• Input: Semantic Web ontology (data model)

• Output: Semantic wiki with form-based input

• Academic results– Mapping of abstract data modeling to interface

• Practical results– Efficient quick setup of wiki interface for entering data for a given

ontology

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Contribution

• Mapping from Semantic Web ontologies to default interface style

– Uses W3C technology Fresnel for Semantic Web interfaces

• Techniques for fine tuning default with additional Fresnel

• Mapping from Fresnel to form-based semantic wikis

– Fine tunable default style facilitates semantic wiki startup

– This Fresnel implementation adds facilitated data entry

• Implementation: OWL Wiki Forms (OWF)

– Open source MediaWiki extension

a

b

dbpedia:Tim_Berners-Lee rdf:type foaf:Person ; rdf:type dbpedia-owl:Person ; rdfs:label "Tim Berners-Lee"@en ; foaf:depiction http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Tim_Berners-

Lee_closeup.jpg ; foaf:name "Tim Berners-Lee"@en ; foaf:surname "Berners-Lee"@en ; foaf:homepage http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ ; dbpedia-owl:title "Professor"@en ; dbpedia-owl:birthYear "1955-01-01T00:00:00+02:00"^^xs:gYear ; dbpedia-owl:almaMater dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ; dbpedia-owl:occupation dbpedia:Computer_scientist ; dbpedia-owl:birthName "Timothy John Berners-Lee"@en ; dbpedia-owl:residence dbpedia:Massachusetts ; dbpedia-owl:religion dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ; dbpprop:birthPlace "London, England"@en ; dbpprop:honorificSuffix "OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA"@en ; dbpprop:dateOfBirth "8"^^xs:int ; dbpprop:placeOfBirth "London, England"@en ; dbpprop:religion dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ; dbpprop:before "First recipient"@en ; dbpprop:nationality "British"@en ; dbpprop:birthDate 1955-06-08 ; dbpprop:title "Professor"@en ; dbpprop:title "Millennium Technology Prize winner"@en ; dbpprop:almaMater dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ; dbpprop:occupation dbpedia:Computer_scientist ; dbpprop:residence "Massachusetts, U.S."@en ;

c

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

• Specifies how an XML document should appear

– Mapping from XML to presentation display model

• Separation of style from content

– Reuse of one centralized style for multiple documents

• “Cascading” is layered building up of style from general to specific

• Default style sheets for HTML

– And SVG, MathML, etc.

– Thus default style for a given domain of XML

• Effectively a default stylesheet for XML

– How XML appears on a web browser

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Model-driven development

informatiemodel

interface-specificatie

bedrijfs-regelsge

drag

gedr

ag

generatie

default interface-specificatie

informatie-model

Album

nrtitelaantal tracks

AlbumnrTitelAantal

i

Track

albumvolgnrtitelcomponist

AlbumVolgnrTitelComponistnaam

ii

1

*

from OU course T37121 Model-driven development workbook

Model-driven Development concepts

• Default/prototype system interface from data model (ontology)

• Whole system development driven by development of data model

– And feedback from default interface guide model development

– But Semantic Web has more reuse of existing ontologies

• Various ways of overriding or tailing default interface

– In OWF Wiki Forms:

• Cascading ontology

• Cascading Fresnel

• CSS

• Wiki templates at standard locations

http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2006/Talks/0724-fresnel/#%2814%29

Domain-independent default for browser (Longwell)

With (handmade) Fresnel style

Fresnel: RDF interface in RDF• Specifies how RDF is display

• Separates style from content: like CSS for XML

• Also in RDF

• Supported by multiple semantic browsers such as Longwell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens

http://www.w3.org/2005/04/fresnel-info/manual/

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• Both Fresnel and Page Schemas• declarative definitions• standardized syntaxes

• Differences• Page Schemas

• uses XML for Forms• data model and style combined

• Fresnel• uses RDF for semantic browsers• data model separate• cascaded default style

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OWL Wiki Forms (OWF) architecture

Pagina 26

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Extrapolation

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Extrapolation

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Constraints vs Inferencing

• Typical system has interface constraints– “You must enter a speaker for this talk”

• Semantic Web is “open” via inferencing– “Every talk has one speaker, so there must be a

speaker out there somewhere”

• Ramifications for mapping Semantic Web ontologies to SMW & Semantic Forms

Generated default Fresnel code

:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person rdf:type fresnel:Lens ; fresnel:classLensDomain foaf:Person  ; fresnel:showProperties

foaf:currentProject , foaf:familyName , foaf:family_name , foaf:firstName , foaf:geekcode , foaf:img , foaf:knows , foaf:lastName , foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan , foaf:publications , foaf:schoolHomepage , foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage , foaf:workplaceHomepage .

Range-based autocompletion

Default view

{{Informbox Person|familyName=Berners-Lee|firstName=Tim|img=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/

Tim_Berners-Lee-Knight-crop.jpg|knows=Conway Berners-Lee, Mary Lee Woods}}

Cascade Fresnel to hide undesired properties

:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person fresnel:hideProperties foaf:currentProject , foaf:family_name , foaf:geekcode , foaf:lastName , foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan , foaf:publications , foaf:schoolHomepage , foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage , foaf:workplaceHomepage .

:imgFormat rdf:type fresnel:Format ; fresnel:value fresnel:image  ; fresnel:propertyFormatDomain foaf:img .

A few next steps• Overriding default by extending external ontology on local wiki

– Local wiki URI’s are subproperties or subclasses of source

– Desired Fresnel is default from local ontology extension

• Minimizing non-default style specification– Default for ontology through non-default style to target interface

– Evaluate as distance from default to target

• Standard sort?, “triple distance”?

– Most widely used ontologies and interface

• Non-default style layer– Namespace data

– Order of properties in boxes: via Fresnel

– CSS via Fresnel

Big next step:Extend Fresnel for SMW• Extend Fresnel ontology syntactically/structurally

– Keep using Fresnel for as much as it works• Default and tailored works on other Fresnel tools

– Other namespace: “owfsty:”

– Subclasses and subproperties

• Misc. functional extensions– Link lenses to named stylesheets

– Extend cascading to complete it

– Mirroring OWF constructs for non-inferencing interface-only

• owf:cardinality=1 , owf:minCardinality=1 , owf:maxCardinality=1

• New ontology mirrors Semantic Forms etc. components– Maps lens to Forms interface

– Structured means to perform this mapping

Ontology Fresnel MediaWiki and extensions       

URIs  [[EquivalentURI::...]] SMW

[[Imported from::...]] SMW

rdfs:label label Pagename MW , Label on form and box displays OWF

rdf:Property   Gets own Property: page SMW

rdfs:

ClassLensdefaultLensclassLensDomain

Gets own Category: page MW , [[Category:...]] on page MW

Gets own informbox (if domain) OWF

[[Has default form::...]] on category SF

subclassOf   [[Category:...]] on category page MW

domain showProperties (Un)assign property to informbox OWF

cascading onlyhidePropertiesshowProperties=rds:seq Sort properties in informbox

range value is

class

  

autocomplete on category=... SF , [[Has default form::...]] on property SF

[[Has type::Page]] SMW

Literal , some xsd:'s [[Has type::String]] SMW

other xsd:'sxsd:date(time) [[Has type::Number]] SMW

[[Has type::Date]] SMWxsd:Boolean

[[Has type::Boolean]] SMW , values=Yes,No | input type=radiobutton SFxsd:URI

cascading onlyimage [[Has type::URL]] SMWexternalLinkuri [[Has type::String]] SMW

owl:

DataRangewith oneOf

 

input type=Enumeration SF

values= SF , [[Allows value::...]] SMW

values

hasValue, allValuesFrom autocomplete on category=… SF

someValuesFrommandatory SF

cardinality

(min)...>0(max)...=1 No #arraymap SF, No list SF

(max)...>1 Repeated fields SF

(min)...>1 Repeated mandatory fields SF

#arraymap SF, list SFdefault

 Code and parameters generated by OWF from these technologies: MW MediaWiki, SMW Semantic MediaWiki, SF Semantic Forms, OWF OWF-only

Planned or under development in OWF (the rest is implemented)