Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) of Mizoram University … et al. Snakes...113 Science Vision Vol. 8,...

112

Science Vision Vol. 8, No. 4 © 2008 MIPOGRASS October - December

Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) of Mizoram University Campus, Tanhril,

Aizawl with notes on their identification keys

T. C. Laltanpuia, C. Lalrinchhana, Lalnunsanga, Lalrotluanga, Ricky Hmingthansanga¹,

Arti Kumari, Vanlalsawmi Renthlei, S. Lalrintluangi and H. T. Lalremsanga*

Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796012, Mizoram, India.

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

¹Department of History, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796012, Mizoram, India.

Abstract

A vawi khatna atan Mizoram University Campus chhungah rul (snake) chi hrang hrang eng ang

chi nge awm tih hre turin kum hnih (2007-2008) chhung vai khawm an ni a. Rul chi hrang hrang sawmhnih

leh pathum (23) ngawt mai an awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni a. Heng rul 23 te hi family pali (4) hnuaia awm

niin, Typhlopidae hnuaiah species (chi bing) 2, Colubridae hnuaiah 17, Elapidae hnuaiah 3 leh Viperidae 1

te an ni. Heng zinga 4 (Rhabdophis subminiatus, Bungarus niger, Naja kaouthia leh Ophiophagus

hannah) te hi tur hlauhawm tak nei niin, viper awmchhun Trimerusurus erythrurus chu tur hlauhawm

lutuk lo (mild venomous) a nih bakah a dang zawng species 18 te chu tur nei lo chi an ni ve thung. Hei

mai bakah hian species paruk (6) Boiga cyanea, Elaphe porphyracea, Gonyosoma prasina, Pareas

monticola, Rhabdops bicolor leh Trachischium tenuiceps te hi Mizoram atang a report la awm ngailo

te an ni bawk. Species 2, Dendrelaphis sp. leh Natrix sp. te chu lehkhabu, journal leh herpetologists

rawn hnuah pawh eng species nge an nih tih ala hriat theih loh.

Keywords: Snakes, reptilian, serpentes, herpetology, Mizoram University, Aizawl.

Introduction

Rul kan tih te hi 'Reptiles' class hnuai ami niin,

reptiles-te chu khawmuala cheng hmasa ber, ke

pali hmanga bawkvak (rul tiam lohin), ke zungtang

panga nei, an taksa phuhlipin a tuam, mahni a taksa

lumna nei lo (poikilothermous) niin tui nei chi (ovipa-

rous) an nih loh pawhin chhul chhunga tui keu a

hring leh chi (ovoviviparous) an ni. Khawvela rep-

tiles nung dam a la awmte hi order pali (4)-ah

thensawm an ni a. Chungte chu Testudines (satel

leh sumsi), Squamata (laiking leh rul), Crocodylia

(awle) leh Rhynchocephalia (tuatara) te an ni.

Order Squamata hi sub-order pahnih- Sauria

(laiking leh laitel) leh Serpentes (rul)-ah then darh

leh an ni. Khawvelah hian rul chi hrang hrang 3149

an awm a (Uetz, 2008), India ram bikah chuan chi

hrang 242 awmin species 57-te chu tur nei (poi-

sonous/venomous) an ni (Sharma, 2002). Mizoram

chhung bikah Pawar leh Birand (2001) khan rul

chi hrang hrang 20 an lo chhinchhiah tawh a, Harit

leh Ramanujam (2002) te'n 14, Matthew (2007)

i'n 38 leh Lalremsanga et. al. (2008) te'n 28 an

chhinchhiah ve thung. Rul chi hrang hrang hi

Mizoramah engzat chiah nge an awm tih hi mumal

taka zirchianna a la awm meuh lo a ni. Rulte hian

rannung in ei chhawnna (foodchain)-ah dinhmun

pawimawh tak an luah avangin nungchate khawsak

in relbawlnaah an pawimawh hle a. Chu mai bakah

pollution tlemna apiangah rul an tam a, hei hian

ecological indicator tha tak an nih zia a ti lang chiang

hle. Chuvang chuan chiangkuang lehzual a hre turin

a hmasa ber atan Mizoram University campus

chhunga rul awm te chu vai khawmin zirchian ani.

Mizoram University Campus hi Aizawl

khawpui atang a chhimthlang lam 8 km vela hla a

Science Vision 8(4) 112-127 : Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) of MiZOram University Campus, ........

113


Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) of MiZOram University Campus, Tanhril, Aizawl with Notes on their ........

awm a ni a, 900 acres a zau a ni. A ram huam

chhunga thing to te hi tropical moist evergreen niin,

hmun zau zawk hi chu secondary type (vah che

reu hnua rawn to leh) in a huam kan ti thei awm e.

Nipui laiin 35 ºC a lum niin, thlasik lai erawh chuan

10 ºC lai ani ve thung a ni. Directorate of Agricul-

ture & Minor Irrigation, Aizawl atanga kan hmuh

danin, chawhruala kumkhat a ruahtui tla zat chu

2290 mm vel a ni a.

Materials and Methods

Kum 2007, February thla atang a kum 2008,

December thla thlengin Mizoram University

huamchhunga rul awm theihna zawng zawngte chu

ngun taka tlawh kual vek niin, chhun leh zanah

survey neih an ni hlawm a. Kan survey lai hian

Visual Encounter System (VES) kan hmang a.

Zana survey lai hian luikawr khawkrawk leh a

chheh vela thlaite chu a theih ang ang a dap chhuah

zel an ni a. Thing awmna hmun te fang kualin thinga

khawsa chi rul (treesnake) te pawh ngun taka zawn

an ni a. Campus atanga kan rul man leh mi thah an

rawn dah te hi a hun laia boruak vawh/lum zawng

(temperature) leh hnawn zawng (humidity), leh

manna hmun (location & elevation) mai bakah a

mantu/thattu hming (name of collector) leh man/

thah ni (date of collection) te chhinchhiah zel an ni

bawk. Specimen te hi ngun tak a zir chian hnuah

70% ethanol hmanga tihlumin, DNA sequencing a

tul takin an tisa them (tissue sample) te chu 100%

ethanol ah vawng thain deep freezer-ah dah that

zel an ni a. Tin, an taksa hi darkar 24 chhung 10%

formalin-a chiah hnuah 5% formalin-ah vawn that

leh an ni. Specimen reng rengte hi catalogue num-

ber (MZU/ZOO/R) pe zelin Museum of Zoology

department, Mizoram University-ah a duh apiang

tan a zir chian theih turin dah that zel an ni. Rul

kan thensawm dan leh koh duatna (common name)

hi Sharma (1999, 2002), Das (2002, 2003), Leviton

et. al (2003), Whitaker leh Captain (2006),

ruahmanna behchhan tlat a siam an ni.

Dan naran a Rul phuhlip in rem dan

(A) Lu (a sirzawngin); (B) Lu (hnunglam

atangin); (C) Lu (hnuailam atangin); (C) & (D)

Taksa tantlang a phuhlip (Dorsal scale row)

chhiardan. (Modified from Smith, 1943).

Thumal hmanlar hrilhfiahna

Snout = hmui hmawr/hnarkawn; rostral =

hmuichung hmawr; prefrontal = chal dar hnuai;

scales = phuhlip; loreal= mit leh hnarkaw inkar;

Pre-ocular = mit hmalam; post-ocular= mit

hnunglam; upper labial = hmui chung; lower labial

= hmui hnuai; temporal = bek/ thial pawn; Dorsal

scale row= Taksa lai tak tantlang zawnga phuhlip

awm zat; caudal = mei; anal = mawng bul; verte-

bral = hnungzang ruh; vent= mawngkua; MZU/

ZOO/R= Museum, Zoology department, MZU a

reptile vawnthatte chhinchhiahna.

Results

Mizoram University campus chhung atanga

114


rul kan mante hi chibing (species) sawmhnih leh

pathum (23) an ni a, chhungkaw bil (family) pali

(4), Typhlopidae, Colubridae, Elapidae leh Viperidae

hnuai ami te niin, a chhungkaw bil tinte hriat hran

dan a hnuaiah hian tarlan an ni.

I. Mit langsarlo tak nei, har pan takin a tuam; taksa

phuhlip te tak te te intiat thep thawp nei; mei

tawite; khabe chunglamah chauh ha nei; phuhlip

taksa tan tlang zawnga chhiar a 16-36 anih

chuan………………......………Typhlopidae

II. Dul hnuai phuhlip hlaizawngin taksa hnuailam a

tan tlang parh a; ha tlar hmalam(premaxillary

teeth) neilo; mei mum sel sawl, zum ret rawt a

nih chuan………….....................Colubridae

III. Dul hnuai phuhlip hlai hlep hlawp; mit bul

phuhlip leh hnarkua phuhlip inkarah a hranpa in

phuhlip a awmlo; ha tlar (maxillary teeth)

hmalamah tur pek chhuahna ngho (poison) a

awm; mitmu dum bial chi (rounded pupil) anih

chuan……………………………....Elapidae

IV. Dul hnuai phuhlip hlai tak; ha tlar (maxillary

teeth) langsar lo; ngho hnunglam a inthlep thei

(foldable fangs); mitmu dum a chhuk zawnga in

rin thla (vertical pupil)…….......…..Viperidae

Kan rul man leh lak khawm te thu khawchang

chu a hnuai ami ang hi an ni e:

I. FAMILY: TYPHLOPIDAE (RUL

MITDEL)

1. Typhlops diardii Schlegel, 1839

Common Name: Large Blind Snake

Mizo Name: Rulmitdel/Chhawknghawl

Specimen Examined: MZU/ZOO/R-157

An phuhlip inrem dan: hmui bial, lu sei zawng

chu a lu vang lam ½ atanga 3/5 a tawi, a chaldar

hnuai phuhlip chu a hmui chung lam nena in si, a

taksa teh kualin phuhlip chu 24-26 emaw 28, taksa

dung zuiin phuhlip 260-300.

An chanchin tawi: Rulmitdel zingah chuan a lian

pawl niin (Fig.1), kutzungtang tiat leh 43cm lai a

sei an ni thei. An mit hi hriat hran theih niin, an

taksa hnunglam hi a uk tak/dum a ni tlangpui, an

dul hnuailam leh sirte hi a uk dal deuh a ni thin. Rul

tur nei lo chi niin ngho (fang) pawh an nei hek lo.

Lei hnuaia khawsa chi an ni a, thing tawih leh

hnawmhnawk hnuaiah an awm duh hle. Insects

leh changpat an ei thin. Note hring chi an nih rualin

an tui thin bawk. Vawi khatah note 14 lai an nei

thei.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarchhak, Myanmar,

Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Nias

thliarkar, Sumatra leh Borneo.

2. Typhlops jerdoni Boulenger, 1890

Common Name: Jerdon's Blind Snake

Mizo Name: Rulmitdel/Chhawknghawl


An phuhlip inrem dan: hmui bial, lu sei zawng

chu a lu vang lam ¼ atanga 3/5 a tawi, a taksa teh

kualin phuhlip chu 22 leh taksa dung zuiin phuhlip

260-280.

An chanchin tawi: Himalaya chhehvelah chuan

rulmitdel zinga tam ber a ngaih an ni. Rulmitdel

rau rauah, Typhlops diardii te ai chuan an sin zawk

a (Fig.2), 28cm vel thleng a sei an ni thei. An lu

hmawr hi a bial mai bakah an mei hmawr hi tawi

tein a zum bawk a ni. An mit hi a hriat hran theih a,

an taksa hnunglam hi rawng uk tak deuh anih loh

pawhin a dum tle zar thin. An dul hnuailam hi a uk

dal deuh niin, an hnar hmawr (snout) leh mawng

zawn (vent) erawh hi chu cream rawng a ni ve

thung. Mihring khawsakna bul velah pawh hmuh

tur an awm thin, lung hnuai leh thingkawrawng

chhungah te khawsain tlumpi leh changpat an ei

thin. Ngho (fang) leh tur bawm (venom gland) an

nei lova, mihring tan an seh a hlauhawm loh a ni.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarchhak (West Ben-

gal hmarlam tiamin), Bhutan leh Myanmar.

Mizo zingah hian rintlak tak a puitu (evidence)

awm miah lova rulmitdelin tur hlauhawm tak nei

anga sawi hi kan awm chawk mai a. Hei hi thu dik


115


lo hul hual a ni. Tur bawm (venom gland) leh tur

pek chhuahna ngho (fang) pawh nei lo hian

engtinmah mihring a chuk hlum theihna dan a awm

lo hrim hrim. Amaherawhchu rulin mi a chuk reng

rengin rilru hi a pawimawh khawp mai a. Rulngan

(King cobra) note keu hlim mihring chukhlum thei

thenkhat hian rulmitdel an an thin em avangin mi

tam tak chuan an ngaihpawlh thin (Abhijit Das

biangbiakna atangin) tih hi kan hriat a pawimawh

bawk.

II. FAMILY: COLUBRIDAE (RUL

SATLIAH)

3. Ahaetulla prasina Boie, 1827

Common Name: Oriental Vine Snake

Mizo Name: Rulvankai (a hring chi)

Specimen Examined: MZU/ZOO/R-34; MZU/

ZOO/R-154

An phuhlip inrem dan: A taksa laitak hnungtan

zawngin phuhlip tlar 15; mit hmaah phuhlip 1; mit

hnungah phuhlip 2; chungah phuhlip 9; bekah

phuhlip 2+2 emaw 2+3; 4th, 5th leh 6th ten mit an

si; taksa hnuailam phuhlip 194-235; mei lam phuhlip

165-187 a pa-ah, 151-172 a nu-ah, mawng bula

phuhlip 2, a changin1 chauh.

An chanchin tawi: Rul sei zen zawn, 1.85m

thlenga sei an ni thei (Fig.3). Hmui sei tak neiin, an

hnar hmawr atanga mit thlengin tuiluankawr ang

takin a khuar kak a ni. An mitmu dum hi a khamphei

zawngin (horizontal pupil) a awm bawk. Rul hring

lar vet vawt tak niin an taksa vang tan zawngin

rawng eng leh dumin an tial thet thet bawk a ni. A

hring chi nilo, a uk chi pawh an awm ve thin.

Ramhnuaia thingkung leh thlai dang hniam te te a

cheng chi niin, an chaw laiking, uchang leh sava te

zawngin huanah leh rampalailengah an rawn chhuak

ve thin bawk. He rul kawlh leh ngampa tak hi rang

taka mi seh thei ni mah se tur neilo chi an ni a. An

chil (saliva) erawh chu tur chaklo tak a ni ve leh

thung si. An inhrohsak laiin an nghawng ti phek

vakin, phuhlip hnuai a rawng var leh dum a hmuh

theih thin. An note te hi a hrin a hring chhuak chi

(ovoviviparous) niin, vawikhatah note 4 atang a 6

an hring chhuak thei.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarchhak leh Asia

chhimchhak

4. Amphiesma xenura Wall, 1907

Common Name: Cherrapunji Keelback

Mizo Name: ?

Specimen Examined: : MZU/ZOO/R-20; MZU/

ZOO/R-120; MZU/ZOO/R-121

An phuhlip inrem dan: taksa laitak hnungtan

zawngin phuhlip tlar 19; mit hmaah phuhlip 1; mit

hnungah phuhlip 2; hmui hnuaiah phuhlip 9; bekah

phuhlip 2+3; mit leh hnar inkarah 1; hnar kaw bulah

phuhlip 2; taksa hnuailam phuhlip 158-166; mei lama

phuhlip 82-105, mawng bula phuhlip 2.

An chanchin tawi: Rul tur nei lo chi niin an rawng

hi a dum lam deuh niin rawng var leh sen ten te tak

te te in an tial bawk (Fig.4). An dul hnuai lam erawh

chu a var lam deuh a niin a sir tawn tawnah a

dumin a tial zeuh zeuh thin. 66cm vel a seiin an

thang thei. Tui luang bul a hnim zingah an awm

duh hle. An chanchin hi zir chian ala awm mumal

meuh lo.

An Awmna Ramte: Khawvel pum huapah India

ram a state pathum Meghalaya, Mizoram leh

Nagaland-ah chauh hmuh an la ni hrih. India

hmarchhak endemic species an ni tihna a ni.

5. Boiga cyanea Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril,

1854

Common Name: Green Cat Snake

Mizo Name: Rulrial

Specimen Examined: MZU/ZOO/R-150 (Mizoram

atanga report hmasa ber)

An phuhlip inrem dan: mit hma phuhlip 1, lu

chunglam thleng; bekah 2+3; taksa laitak hnungtan

zawngin phuhlip tlar 21; hnungzangruh zawna

phuhlip (vertebral scale/mid-dorsal scale) an lian

bik; dulah 237-257; meiah 124-138.

An chanchin tawi: Rulrialte hi rul sei zen zawn


116


tak niin (Fig.5), a thankin tawh chu a tlangpuiin 90-

150cm a sei niin, 2m aia sei erawh chu hmuh a la

nilo. A puitling tawh chu rawng hringduk niin an

dul erawh chu a var/eng lam an ni tlangpui. An

mitmu pawng hlet hlawt hi zawhte mit ang tak niin

an mitmu dum hi a chhuk zawnga in rin thla (verti-

cal pupil) a ni a. An ka chhung hi a dum hiam thung.

A note hi a pui anglo takin an taksa pumin rawng

uk an ni ve thung. Thla 8-14 chhungin a uk-buang

a a inthlak phawt hnuah a pui rawng angin a rawn

inthlak ve thung thin. Rulrialte hi an awmna ramah

chuan, tuipuizawl atanga teh a 2100m thlenga sang

hmun hran hranah hmuh an ni thin. Tui leh thlai

chinna hnai vai a awm, thingzar leh hnimhnawk

sang deuhah te an awm duh hle.

Rawng hringduk zar an nih avang hian hnim

hring zingah chuan hmuh an har thin hle. He rul

mawi tak mai hi zanlam a chaw zawng chi (noc-

turnal) niin chhunah erawh chuan thingkawrawng

leh thing zarah te inzial hlawm tlatin an hahchawl

thin. Zanlamah chuan rul che rang tak niin awlsam

takin an chaw, laiking, uchang, sava leh sazu lam

chi te an man zung zung thin a ni. Rul pawi sawi lo

tak niin an ha te tak te te hmanga mihring an seh

chuan khuai zuk ai pawhin a hlauhawm lo a ni. A

nu leh a pa hi intiat deuh rual niin, an in thlah hnu ni

42-50 hnuah 7 atanga 14 an tui thin. Ni 85 hnuah a

note an keu chhuak thin.

An Awmna Ramte: India (Sikkim, Darjeeling,

Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nicobar Islands), Viet-

nam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, West

Malaysia, China (Yunnan).

6. Boiga ochracea Gunther, 1868

Common Name: Tawny Cat Snake

Mizo Name: Sakhi-rul/Rul Sakhi


An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa laitak hnungtan

zawngin phuhlip tlar 21; hnungzangruh zawna

phuhlip (vertebral scale/mid-dorsal scale) an lian

bik; mit hmaa phuhlip 1 lu chung lam thleng pha lo;

mit hnunga phuhlip 2 emaw 3; hmui chung lama

phuhlip 8; beka phuhlip 2+2 emaw 2+3; taksa

hnuaia phuhlip 221-252, mei lama phuhlip 89-119;

mawng lama phuhlip 1.

Description: Rul buang sen thing theng (Fig.6),

lu lawk bir ber niin ramhnuai leh ram palailengah

te an awm ber thin. Thingzar leh hnimhnawk hniam

vak loah an awm duh tlangpui. Rul tur neilo niin

zan lama chaw zawng chi (nocturnal) an ni. An

chawte chu sava, sava tui, laiking leh sazu lam chi

te an ni.

An Awmna Ramte: Bhutan, Cambodia, India

hmarchhak, Myanmar leh Nepal.

7. Coelognathus radiatus Boie, 1827

Common Name: Copper-headed Trinket Snake

Mizo Name: Rulhlai; rawng uk dal, a var lam deuh

a nih chuan 'Hlai-var' tiin an ko bawk.



An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa vang tan zawngin

tlar 19 emaw 21; mit hmaa phuhlip 1; mit hnung

lama phuhlip 2; beka phuhlip 2+3, taksa hnuai lama

phuhlip 222-250; mei bulah 82-108; mawng bula

phuhlip 1.

An chanchin tawi: Rul sei tak niin 2.3m laia sei

an ni thei (Fig.7). An taksa hnunglam hi a tlangpuiin

a buang-uk atang a eng-uk a ni thin. An phuhlip te

hi kil-nei chi (keeled scale) an ni a. Rin dum langsar

tak tak pali an taksa hmalamah awmin, cream

rawngin a khat mawi tawkin rin dum te hi an tial

bawk thin. A hnuailam rin dum pahnihte hi a

chunglam rin dum pahnih aia sin zawk niin a khat

tawkin an chum bung zauh zauh bawk a ni. An lu

rawng hi darsen (copper) uk lam niin, an mit atang

hian langsar takin rin dum pathum (tukkhum, kareh

hnung leh hnuailamah ngil takin) an kak chhuak a

ni. Rul tur neilo kawlh ve tak niin sazu leh sava an

ei thin. Ngawpik ai mah chuan hmun thengthaw

lam deuhah an khawsa duh chawk. Boruak daih

hunlai, zinglam leh tlailamah chaw an zawng thin.


117


Tumkhatah 5-12 an tui thei a, an tui atanga ni 70-

95 hnuah an keu thin. Kum khat chhungin vawi 4

lai an tui hman thin.

An Chenna Ramte: India, China chhimlam, Asia

chhimchhak, Java, Borneo leh Sumatra.

8. Dendrelaphis pictus Gmelin, 1789

Common Name: Painted Bronzeback Tree

Snake

Mizo Name: Rulvankai (a uk chi)


ZOO/R-153 MZU/ZOO/R-155


tlar 15, hnungzangruh zawna phuhlip (vertebral

scale/mid-dorsal scale) an lian bik; bekah 2 + 2

emaw 1 + 1 emaw 1 + 2; hmuichungah 7-9; taksa

hnuai lama phuhlip 127- 204; mei lamah 103-174;

mawng bula phuhlip 1 emaw 2.

An chanchin tawi: Rul sei zin zen niin 74cm laia

sei an ni thei (Fig.8). An taksa chunglam rawng uk

tak leh hnuailam rawng eng dal hi an hnar kua

atanga in tan rawng dumin an taksa dung tluanin a

daidang a ni. An taksa chung lamah hian rawng

eng dal/cream rawngin a khat mawi tawkin a tial

a. Rawng hring-pawl an nghawnga det thet tute hi

an inhrosak laiin an langsar zual thin. Chhunlam a

chaw zawng chi (diurnal) niin uchang leh laiking

lam chi an ei thin. Heng tur nei lo rulvankai te hi

ramhnuaia khawsa chi niin mihring chenna hmun

leh huanah te pawh rawn luh chang an nei ve thin.

Pathianin mawi taka thinglerahte tleng delh delh

thei turin leh thingkung lama khawsa tur a A siam

an ni. A nu hian vawikhatah tui 3-8 nei theiin ni 75

atanga ni 76 hnuah a note 20-30cm a sei an rawn

keu chhuak thin.

An Awmna Ramte: Asia chhimchhak leh India.

9. Dendrelaphis sp.

Common Name: ?

Mizo Name: Rulvankai chi tho



tlar 15, hnungzangruh zawna phuhlip (vertebral

scale/mid-dorsal scale) Dendrelaphis pictus angin

an lian ve lo; mit hmaah 1; mit hnungah 2; bekah 1

+ 2; hmuichungah 8; hmuihnuaiah 7; taksa hnuai

lama phuhlip 150; mei lamah 129; mawng bula

phuhlip 2.

He rulvankai (unidentified species) hi eng ang

rul chi chiah nge a nih hriat ala ni lova. 59.6cm vel

a sei a ni a(Fig.9). Rul tur neilo, thingkunga khawsa

chi a ni tih chu kan zirchianna atangin hriat a ni.

10. Elaphe porphyracea Cantor, 1839

Common Name: Banded Trinket Snake

Mizo Name: ?



An phuhlip inrem dan: hmuichungah 8 awmin

4th leh 5th ten mit an si; taksa vang tan zawngin

tlar 19; taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 190- 218; mei

lamah 52-76; mawng bula phuhlip 2.

An chanchin tawi: Rul lu te ret rawt niin, 1.8m lai

a sei an ni ve thei (Fig.10). An rawng hi a sen

emaw serthlum rawng, a dumin sin ret rawtin mawi

taka tial an ni thin. Hmun sang lam, 800m aia sang

tlangram ngaw, vawt reih rawih, chhengchhe bawk

si hnuaiah an khawsa tlangpui. Zing lam leh tlai

lama chaw zawng chi (crepuscular) an ni. Sazu

lam chi, uchang leh chaichim an ei tlangpui.

An Awmna Ramte: Cambodia, China chhimlam,

India hmarchhak, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia

khawthlanglam, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thai-

land, Tibet, China chhimlam leh Vietnam.

11. Gonyosoma prasina Blyth, 1854

Common Name: Green Trinket Snake

Mizo Name: ?



An phuhlip inrem dan: hmuichungah 9 awmin

4th, 5th leh 6th ten mit an si; taksa lai tak vang tan

zawngin tlar 19; taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 191- 209;

mei lamah 91-111; mawng bula phuhlip 1 emaw 2.


118


An chanchin tawi: Rul lu lawk lem lo tak niin,

1.2m lai a sei an ni thei (Fig.11). An taksa hnunglam

hi a hring a, hnuailam thung erawh chu a eng-hring

dal a ni ve thung. A chang chuan an mei hmawr hi

a uk ve that thin. Thingkung a khawsa chi niin tlang

rama thing hmun leh mau hmunah an awm duh

hle. Tuipui zawl atanga teh a hmun hniam lamah

hmuh ni ve thin mah se, hmun sang zawk 850-

2,560m a sangah an awm chawk. Rul tur neilo chi

niin chhunlamah an chaw laiking, sazu leh sava an

veh thin. March thla atanga May thla hi an tui hun

niin 5-8 vawi khatah an tui thin. Ni 58-60 hnuah

rawn keu chhuakin, a keu hlimte hi 23cm vela sei

an ni thin.

An Chenna Ramte: India hmarchhak, Myanmar,

China, Thailand, Vietnam leh Malaysia.

12. Oligodon albocinctus Cantor, 1839

Common Name: White Barred Kukri Snake

Mizo Name: ?


ZOO/R-26; MZU/ZOO/R-27; MZU/ZOO/R-35

An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa vang zawngin 19;

hmui chung lamah 7, 3rd leh 4th ten mit an si; mit

hmaah 1; mit hnungah 2; bekah 1+2; taksa hnuai

lamah 177-208; mei lamah 40-69; mawng bulah 1.

An chanchin tawi: Rul tur nei lo (non-venomous),

lian lem lo tak niin 76cm thleng a sei an thang thei.

An taksa hnung lam hi a uk-sen, a khat mawi tawk

a rawng var sin te tein a tial bawk (Fig.12). A tialtu

rawng varte hi an taksa chinah 19-27 niin an meiah

ve thung chuan 4-8 an ni ve thung. An luah, an

kamsir lehlam lehlam atanga intanin a hma zawngin

hawrawp 'V' ang tak chiang takin a awm thin. An

dul hi a var/cream rawng/a eng/tlem a sen no niin

rawngdumin a det thet thet bawk a ni. Ramhnuaia

cheng chi niin mihring khawsakna bul hnaiah pawh

an rawn chhuak ve thin. Zing leh tlai a chaw zawng

chi (crepuscular) niin sazu, uchang, laiking leh an

tui te an ei thin. Tlema la sen deuh chuan insects

an ei thin.

An Chenna Ramte: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India

hmarchhak, Myanmar, Nepal leh China (Tibet,

Yunnan).

13. Pareas monticola Cantor, 1839

Common Name: Assam Snail-eater

Mizo Name: ?



An phuhlip inrem dan: Hmuichungah 6 emaw

7 awmin 3th leh 4th ten mit an si; taksa lai tak

vang tan zawngin tlar ; bekah 2+2 emaw 2+3; a pa

taksa hnuai lamah 180- 196; mei lamah 79-89; a

nu taksa hnuai lamah 177- 195; mei lamah 69-80.

An chanchin tawi: Rul tur neilo chi niin

hnapkhawn/piring an ei thin. A pa aiin a nu hi an

lianin an sei zawk thin a, 76cm a sei an ni thei. An

taksa rawng hi a eng-uk, a khat mawi tawka a

dum in a tial zeuh zeuh niin an taksa hnuailam hi a

eng dal, a dumin a chhun han zeuh zeuh an ni bawk

(Fig.13). An mit leh hnarkua inkar leh ka reh inkarah

rin dum fiah tak a awm thin bawk.

An Chenna Ramte: India hmarchhak leh China

(Tibet, Yunnan).

14. Psammodynastes pulverulentus H. Boie,

1827

Common Name: Mock Viper

Mizo Name: Mumal taka kohna a awm lo, a lian

deuh chu rulmuk ti a ko an awm bawk.


An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa laia phuhlip tlar

17; mit hmaah 1 emaw 2; mit hnung lama phuhlip 2

emaw 4; beka phuhlip 2+3; hmuichungah 8; taksa

hnuai lama phuhlip 146-175; mei lama phuhlip 44-

71; mawng bulah 1.

An chanchin tawi: Rul lu lawk ve ber bur tak a

nih avangin tunhma chuan viper tak tak emaw tiin

'Mock viper' tiin an ko thin nghe nghe (Fig.14).

Mahse tur an nei lo a, an ha a that em avangin an

seh chu a na viau thung. Rul lian lem lo tak, 55cm

thleng a sei an ni thei. An taksa hnunglam hi a uk-


119


dal atanga uk-tak emaw vut-buak rawng a ni

tlangpui. Langsar lo takin a dum leh a varin an

taksa dung tluanin a tial ve thin bawk. An tukhumah

hian fiah ang reng takin an mit zawn vel atanga

kakin sairawkherh pianzia ang tak a inchhu kalh

thin. An dul hnuailam hi chunglam aia dalin, rawng

uk emaw buangin a tial ve thin. Hmun hniam

atanga hmunsang tak thlengin hmuh tur an awm.

Lei lam a khawsa chi niin thingbuk hniam te teah

an lawn ve thin a, engtiklai pawhin mi she an in

ring reng. Chhun leh zanah chaw an zawng thin,

an chawte chu daidep (gecko), uchang, ram laitel

(skinks) leh a chang changing rul te zawkte an ni.

Kum khat chhungin no 3-10 vawi enge maw zat

an hring thei.

An Chenna Ramte: Bangladesh, Myanmar,

Cambodia, ,China, Hong Kong , India hmarchhak,

Bhutan, Indonesia, Laos , Nepal, Philippines, Tai-

wan, ,Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.

15. Pseudoxenodon macrops Blyth, 1855

Common Name: Large-eyed False Cobra

Mizo Name: Chawngkawrsuak



19; mit hmaah 1; mit hnungah 3; bekah 2+2;

hmuichungah 8; taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 151-180;

mei lama phuhlip 55-80; mawng bulah 2.

An chanchin tawi: Tur nei ve lo mah se,

chawngkawr ang chiahin a inhrohsak apiangin a

awr a ti phek thei. Rul pian laihawl tak niin 1.16m

laia sei a thang thei a ni (Fig.15). Mitmu lian ke

kaw tak neiin mitmu dum bial chi (rounded pupils)

an nei bawk. An rawng hi a hnunglam a uk-buang

lam niin rawng eng, serthlum rawng leh buang-sen

ten an tial ve zeuh zeuh thin. An hnungzang sir zai

zaiah hian rawngdumin leh lam leh lamah a khat

awn mawi tawkin a tial zeuh zeuh bawk. An dul

hnuai hi a eng niin rawng dum chhunhan (black

spots) lian deuh hlek emaw inrin (cross-bars) in a

tial thin bawk. Khawmuala khawsa chi niin

ramhnuai hmun sang vak loah an awm thin. Uchang

leh laiking an ei thin. A nu hian tumkhatah tui 10 lai

a nei thei.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarchhak, Nepal,

Myanmar, Thailand, West Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos

leh China chhimthlang.

16. Rhabdops bicolor Blyth, 1854

Common Name: Yellow-bellied Forest Snake

Mizo Name: ?


ZOO/R-158; MZU/ZOO/R-159 (Mizoram atanga

report hmasa ber)


17; mit hmaa phuhlip 2; mit hnung lama phuhlip 2

emaw 3; beka phuhlip 1+1; hmuichungah 5; taksa

hnuai lama phuhlip 187-214; mei lama phuhlip 63-

84; mawng bulah 2.

An chanchin tawi: Rul lian lem lo tak niin 67.5cm

vel thleng a sei an ni ve thei (Fig.16). An taksa

hnunglam dum hi ara hriam ang takin a hnuailam

eng da deuh emaw var lek lek nen a daidang a.

Rul tur neilo niin pangang leh changpat lam an ei

thin. An chanchin zirchian ala awm meuh lo.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarchhak, Myanmar

hmarlam leh China (Yunnan).

17. Rhabdophis subminiatus Schlegel, 1837

Common Name: Red-necked Keelback

Mizo Name: Rulnghawngsen


ZOO/R-30; MZU/ZOO/R-31; MZU/ZOO/R-116;

MZU/ZOO/R-119


19; mit hmaah 1; mit hnungah 3; bekah 2+3;

hmuichungah 8; taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 163-190;

mei lama phuhlip 88-100; mawng bulah 2.

An chanchin tawi: Rul pian laihawl leh lu lawk

lam deuh 1.3m lai a sei an thang thei. An tukhum

hi rawng eng leh senin langsar tak niin taksa

hnunglam hi a hring-uk dal lam deuh a ni tlangpui.


120


An mit hnuai leh ka-reh chunglam inkarah hian,

awn deuh hlekin a dum a inrin thla a awm thin. A

noteah ve thung chuan a tukhum leh a nghawng

rawng eng inkarah fiah takin a dum a awm thin

(Fig. 17), a puitlingah erawh chuan a dum hi a awm

tawh lo (Fig. 18). Dil leh kawrte bul hnai, tlangram

leh phairuam thing hmunah an awm duh hle. Chhun

leh zanah an chaw uchang leh utawk an zawng

thin. Thingkung sang vak loah leh lei depah an

khawsa thin. Tun hma chuan tur nei lova ngaih an

ni thin a, amaherawhchu an ngho tha tak, tur bawm

(venom gland) nen a inzawm hmang hian mihring

an chuk a, duhtawka an thial bawk chuan thihna

hial a thlen ve thei a ni. A nu hian tum khatah 5-17

a tui thei a, an tui atang a ni 50 hnuah a note 13-

19cm a sei an rawn keu chhuak thin. Kum khat

chhungin vawi enge maw zat an tui hman thin. A

nu hian a tui te hi an veng ve thin bawk.

An Chenna Ramte: India hmarchhak, Nepal,

China chhimlam leh Asia chhimchhak.

18. Natrix sp.

Common Name: ?

Mizo Name: ?


An phuhlip inrem dan: taksa laia phuhlip tlar 19;

mit hmaah 2; mit hnungah 2; bekah 3+2;

hmuichungah 8; hmuihnuaiah 8; taksa hnuai lama

phuhlip 150; mei lama phuhlip 87; mawng bulah 1.

An chanchin tawi: He Natrix hi eng species nge

a nih hriat ala nilova. Rul tur neilo niin a thankin

tawhte chu a an taksa chunglam a uk eng atanga

vutbuak tak niin an taksa hnuailam hi a var lam a

ni thung (Fig.19). An chanchin hriat chian ala ni lo.

19. Trachischium tenuiceps Blyth, 1854

Common Name: Orange-bellied Oriental Slen-

der Snake

Mizo Name: ?



An phuhlip inrem dan: taksa laia phuhlip tlar 13;

mit hmaa phuhlip 2; mit hnung lama phuhlip 2; beka

phuhlip 1+1, taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 125-140; mei

lama phuhlip 28-42.

An chanchin tawi: Rul tur neilo niin a thankin tawh

te chu a an taksa chunglam a uk tak niin an taksa

hnuailam hi eng lar vet a ni thung. A la thankin lo

ve thung erawh chu an taksa chunglam rawng hi a

uk dal lam a ni (Fig. 20). An chanchin kim chang

taka zir ala awm lo.

An Chenna Ramte: India (Sikkim leh Darjeeling)

III. FAMILY: ELAPIDAE (COBRAS LEH

KRAITS)

20. Bungarus niger Wall, 1908

Common Name: Black Krait

Mizo Name: Hlaidum (?)



15; mit hmaa phuhlip 1; mit hnung lama phuhlip 2;

beka phuhlip 1+2, taksa hnuai lama phuhlip 178-

235; mei lama phuhlip 43-56, a malin; mawng bula

phuhlip 1.

An chanchin tawi: Rul dum tle zer zur leh phuhlip

nal hen hun niin an taksa hnuailam erawh chu a

var lam deuh, rawng dum lamin a kap thim that

thin bawk (Fig. 21). Lu lawk lem lo tak neiin mit te

lam deuh mitmu dum bial nei chi an ni. Sei zawngah

chuan 1.43m laia sei an ni thei. Tur (neurotoxin),

hriatna thazam lam khawih pawi thei chak tak nei

chi an nei a. Amaherawhchu krait chi ho reng reng

hi rul zakzum leh zaidam tak niin, mihring an chuk

ngai meuh lo. Enge an ei thin tih zirchian la ni chiah

lo mah se, sazu an ei ve thin tih erawh chu hriat a

ni (Saibal Sengupta biangbiakna atangin). A nu hian

January atangin March bawr velah 15-30 a tui thin

An Awmna Ramte: India ram state bikah chuan

Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Uttarakhand leh

West Bengal-ah chauh an awm tih hriat a ni. India

ram pawnah chuan Nepal-ah chauh.

21. Naja kaouthia Lesson, 1831


121


Common Name: Monocled Cobra

Mizo Name: Chawngkawr

Specimen Examined: MZU/ZOO/R-9; MZU/ZOO/

R-16; MZU/ZOO/R-110

An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa lai takah avang

zawngin 19-21 (a tlangpuiin 21); an awr pharh lai

ah 27-33; mit hmaah 1; mit hnungah 3; hmui

chungah 7; beka phuhlip 2+3; taksa hnuai lamah

164-196; meiah 43-58.

An chanchin tawi: Mizoram a chawngkawr kan

hmuh tam ber, monocled cobra te hi a buang-uk

deuh a tang a vutbuak-uk deuh an ni tlangpui. 2.3m

laia sei an ni thei. An hriat hran dan awlsam tak

chu an tukhum hnuaia hawrawp O ang taka bial

inchhu hi a ni (Fig.22). Amaherawh chu a thenah

chuan hmuh theih mang lovin a awm ve thung. An

nghawng hmalam sir tawn tawnah hian a dumin

chhunhan langsar tak a inchhu thin, chumi hnuai

chiahah chuan an nghawng tan tlang zawngin

rawng dum lam deuh (black banded) a inrin phei

raih bawk a ni. Hmun hnawng lama cheng thin

niin, huan leh mihring chenna hmunah pawh an

chaw sazu, leh uchang te zawngin an rawn kal

thin. A chang changing sangha leh rul dangte pawh

an ei ve thin. Zinglam leh tlailam a chaw zawng

chi (crepuscular) niin tur hlauhawm tak neurotoxin

an nei bawk. A nu hian January leh March inkarah

tui 15-30 neiin, ni 50 hnuah te an keu thin.

An Awmna Ramte: India hmarlamNepal,

Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya hmarlam,

Cambodia, Vietnam chhimlam, Laos chhimlam leh

China (Yunnan, Sichuan).

22. Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836

Common Name: King Cobra (Hamadryad tiin an

ko bawk)

Mizo Name: Rulngan


ZOO/R-118

An phuhlip inrem dan: Taksa lai takah avang

zawngin 15; tukhumah phuhlip lian (large occipital

shield) 2; beka phuhlip 2+2; taksa hnuai lamah 240-

254; meiah 84-104.

An chanchin tawi: Rul tur nei zinga lian ber niin

5.5m laia sei an ni thei, an tur hi hriatna thazam ti

chhe chi (neurotoxin) a ni a. An vawi khat chukah

8ml lai a tam an ngho kaltlangin tur an pe chhuak

thei a, chu chu sai thankin tawh tan pawh a

thihpuina tham a ni. Complex species an nih avangin

an khawsakna ram a zirin an pianphung leh rawng

pawh a inang lo hlawm hle. A tlangpuiin Mizorama

rulngante hi a dum hlang tle zur a nih loh pawhin a

dum tle zur a var/eng lamin a khat mawi tawka a

tial zauh zauh an ni thin (Fig.23). A tlangpuiin an

awm hi eng lar tek tawk niin an lu a phuhlip te hi an

phawkphaw hraw hle thin bawk. Khawvela rul

zawng zawng zingah chuan rawlchhuah (hram) leh

bu chhep thin awmchhun nia hriat an ni (Matthew,

1999; Sharma, 2002). Lei hrul leh thingkungah te

an khawsa thin. Chhunlam a chaw zawng chi (di-

urnal) niin an chaw pui ber chu rul dangte an ni,

tangkawng leh sazute pawh an ei ve zeuh zeuh

thin. Rul dang ei chi an nih avangin rul che rang

tak an ni a, amaherawhchu an chet ran lam hi an

taksa len zawngah a innghat thui hle (Romulus

Whittaker biangbiakna atangin). Rul zakzum leh

mi chhinchhiah thei tak an nia, a na zawngin

mihringte an tibuai zen zen ngailo. Ram ngaw ual-

au, tui awm hnaihna lamah khawsa thinin, thlasik

tawp lam hi an inthlah hun a ni. Dan naranin a nu

hian vawi khatah tui 24 nei theiin ni 63 hnuah a

awp keu thin. A nuin a tui a awp chhung hian a pa

in alo veng thin bawk.

An Awmna Ramte: Himalaya bulthut, India

hmarchhak leh chhimthlang, Indo-China, Indo-

Malaya leh Sulawesi.

IV. FAMILY: VIPERIDAE (VIPERS LEH

PIT-VIPERS)

23. Trimeresurus erythrurus Cantor, 1839

Common Names: Spot-tailed Pit Viper.

Mizo Name: Rultuha; a nu hi a pa aia lian zawk fe


122


niin ‘Zawngral’ tia koh hi niin kan hria.



An phuhlip inrem dan: Hmuichungah 9-13; taksa

lai tak vang tan zawngin tlar 23-25; beka phuhlip te

hi kil nei chi (keeled scale) niin an te zual hle a ni;

a pa taksa hnuai lamah 153- 174; mei lamah 62-

79; a nu taksa hnuai lamah 151- 180; mei lamah

49-61.

An chanchin tawi: Rultuha chanchin hi zir mumal

a la awm loh avangin an chanchin hriat mumal vak

a la awm lo. Rul lu lawk lel lawl leh hring nalh tak

niin, an dul sirah hian rawng eng/var in an taksa

dung zuiin tialtu a awm thin (Fig.24). An dul

hnuailam hi a var atanga eng dal lam deuh a ni

thin. An mei hmawr hi a uk that bawk thin. An mit

rawng hi a eng-uk dal deuh niin an mitmu dum hi

viper dangte angin a chhuk zawngin (vertical pu-

pil) a awm thin. Phuhlip kil nei (keeled scales) nei

chi an ni a. An mit leh hnarkaw inkarah hian kua

(loreal pit) awmin thil lum hriatna (thermal detec-

tor) atan an hmang tangkai hle. Thingkung lama

khawsa chi niin, zanlamah an chaw, sava, uchang

leh chaichim an ei thin. An tur hi thisen lam tichhe

chi (haematoxin) niin, mihring an chuk chuan

thihpuina em nilo mah se hliamna tak an thlen ve

thei. A pa hi 57.5cm a sei ni theiin a nu erawh chu

1.05m thleng a sei ni theiin a pa aiin an lian zawk

hle thin. A nu hi no hring chi (ovoviviparous) an ni.

An Awmna Ramte: India, Bangladesh leh

Myanmar.

Discussions

Mizoram university campus zau lo tak

chhungah hetiang zozai rul, an rawn pian to dan

(evolutionary & phylogeny)-ah pawh in hlat tak

tak an lo awm ve hi a makin a ropui kan ti a.

Biodiversity hotspot chhung a awm Mizoram hi

biodiversity-ah a san zia a ti lang chiang hle a ni.

Tuna kan hmuh lohte pawh hi an awm lo ang tih a

sawi mai theih loh a ni. A chunga kan tarlan tak

zingah khian a hnuai ami te hi C.A.M.P. (1997)

chuan nasa taka an zirchian hnuah criteria

pawimawh tak tak hnuaiah a dah hlawm a,

Trachischium tenuiceps hi Critically endangered

(CR)/ngunthluk tak a venhim ngai tawh hnuaiah;

Pareas monticola, Psammodynastes

pulverulentus, Pseudoxenodon macrops,

Rhadops bicolor, Rhabdophis subminiatus te hi

Vulnerable (VU) /mang (extinct) mai thei dinhmun

a ding tawh; Amphiesma xenura , Boiga

ochracea, Bungarus niger, Elaphe

porphyracea, Oligodon albocinctus, Typhlops

diardi, Trimerusurus erythrurus te hi Data defi-

cient (DD) /an chin chang la hriat mumal loh lutuk

avang a an dinhmun pawh hriat chian hleih theih

loh hnuaiah an lo dah reng tawh a ni.

Rulte hian rannung in ei chhawnna (foodchain)

hi kan hriat miah loh hlanin an lo thunun hle a, huan

thlai ei chhetu sazu leh insects suattu a tan phei

chuan an tangkai hle. Chuvang chuan rul kan hmuh

apiangte hi hlauhawm a ngai lovin fimkhur takin ti

hlum mai loin i humhalh tlat zawk ang u. India ramah

ngei pawh hian rul tam takte hi Dan pui, the Wild-

life (Protection) Act of 1972 hian a veng tlat bawk

a ni. Hmun changkang zawkah te chuan rul tur

(venom) hi rul tur damdawi (antivenom) leh

damdawi chi hrang hrang siam nan an hmang

tangkai hle a. Mi rethei tam tak ten eizawnna

mumal tak an neih phah nghe nghe a ni. Ram

changkang apiangah mahni ram chhunga Pathianin

cheng ve tur a A siam nungchate zirchian leh

humhalh tlat hi an ngai pawimawh hle a. Keini

Mizo, Christian ni bawk si te pawh hian nungcha

leh thlai chi hrang hrang hlu tak tak Pathianin kan

ram chhung ngeia min pekte hi an boral hma hian

thang leh thar te tan ngun lehzual a zirchiang leh

humhalh tlat turin tan ila thar teh ang u khai.

Acknowledgement

He kan hnathawh chung changah hian Zool-

ogy Department, MZU a kan thawhpui te mai

bakah University campus huam chhunga rul thi an


123


hmuh leh an mahni thah ngei phur tak a min pe

zeltu Security staff leh department hrang hrang a

zirlai leh staff dangte lakah lawmthu kan sawi tak

meuh meuh a ni. Tin, specimen zir chianna a nasa

tak a min puitu Abhijit Das, Research scholar, P.G.


Department of Zoology, Utkal University,

Bubhaneshwar, Orissa, leh ramchhung leh pawn

lam atang a thurawn min petu herpetologists te

chungah pawh lawmthu kan sawi a ni.

References

C.A.M.P. (1997). 'Reptiles of India' Conservation Assessment and Management Plan: Hosted by

the Forest Department of Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore during 19th - 23rd May 1997.

Das, I. (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of India. New Holland

Publishers Ltd., London, UK. 144 pp.

Das, I.(2003). Growth of knowledge on the Reptiles of India, with an introduction to systematic, tax-

onomy and nomenclature. J. Bombay.nat.His.Soc. Vol.100 (2&3): 446-501.

Harit, D.N. and Ramanujam, S.N. (2002). Reptilian fauna of Mizoram, India. Cobra 47:5-7.

Lalremsanga, H.T., Sailo, S. and Hooroo, R.N.K. (2008). Preliminary survey on the herpetofauna of

Mizoram, northeast India. State Level symposium on Recent Advances in Science and Technology

organised by Mizoram Science Society in collaboration with Science, Technology and Environment,

Govt. of Mizoram on 30th May, 2008.

Leviton, A.E., G.O.U.Wogan, M.S.Koo, G.R.Zug, R.S.Lucas and J.V.Vindum.(2003). The dangerously

venomous snakes of Myanmar: Illustrated Checklist with keys. Proceedings of the California Acad-

emy of Sciences. Vl.54(24): 407-462pp.

Matthew, R. (1999). Snakes in northeast India. In Snakes in India: A Source Book. (ed. B.D.Sharma).

Asiatic Publishing House. 351pp.

Matthew, R. (2007). Reptilia. In Fauna of Mizoram, State Fauna Series, 14: 545-577.

Pawar, S. and Birand, A. (2001). A survey of amphibians, reptiles, and birds in Northeast India. CERC

Technical Report #6, Centre for Ecological Research and Conservation, Mysore. 118pp.

Sharma, B.D.(1999). Snakes in India: A Source Book. (ed. B.D.Sharma). Asiatic Publishing House.

351pp.

Sharma, B.D.(2002). Some aspects of venomous Indian snakes. In Indian Poisonous Snakes: An eco-

logical and clinical study. (ed. B.D.Sharma). Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. xiii+341pp.

Sharma, B.D.(2002). Special adaptations of snakes. In Indian Poisonous Snakes: An ecological and

clinical study. (ed. B.D.Sharma). Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. xiii+341pp.

Smith, M. A.(1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the

Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London. xii

+ 583 pp.,166 figs., foldout map.

Uetz, P. (2008). Reptilian Database. In http://www.reptile-database.org/db-info/SpeciesStat.html. Ac-

cessed on 23rd December 2008.

Whitaker, R. and Captain, A. (2006). Snakes of India: A Field Guide. Draco Books, Chennai. 247pp.

124


Figure (1) Typhlops jerdoni (non-poisonous) (2) T. diardii (non-poisonous)

Figure (3) Ahaetulla prasina (non-poisonous) (4) Amphiesma xenura (non-poisonous)

Figure (5) Boiga cyanea (non-poisonous) (6) B. ochracea (non-poisonous)


125


Fig. (7) Coelognathus radiatus (non-poisonous) (8) Dendrelaphis pictus (non-poisonous)

Fig. (9) Dendrelaphis sp. (non-poisonous) (10) Elaphe porphyracae (non-poisonous)

Fig. (11) Gonyosoma prasina (non-poisonous) (12) Oligodon albocinctus (non-poisonous)


126


Fig.(13) Pareas monticola (non-poisonous) (14) Psammodynastes pulverulentus (non-poisonous)

Fig. (15) Pseudoxenodon macrops (non-poisonous) (16) Rhabdhops bicolor (non-poisonous)

Fig.(17) Rhabdophis subminiatus (juvenile) (18) R. Subminiatus (deadly poisonous)


127


Fig. (19) Sinonatrix sp. (non-poisonous) (20) Trachischium tenuiceps (non-poisonous)

Fig.(21) Bungarus niger (deadly poisonous) (22) Naja kaouthia (deadly poisonous)

Fig. (23) Ophiophagus hannah (deadly poisonous) (24) Trimerusurus erythrurus (mild poisonous)


Date post:	15-Mar-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	phungduong
View:	225 times
Download:	2 times

Snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) of Mizoram University … et al. Snakes...113 Science Vision Vol. 8,...

Documents