Snapshot on Hungarian Higher Education in 2011
Paszkál KissEötvös Loránd University
Outline
• A general view on Hungarian HE• HE and labour market in Hungary• A case: Eötvös Loránd University
A GENERAL VIEW ON HUNGARIAN HE
Ratio of secondary school graduates by county 2005
• Decreasing number of cohorts to enter HE
• Central and Western regions have more secondary school graduates
Structure of HE in Hungary• BA programs generally started in 2006• Radical measures to introduce multiple levels
HE institutions in Hungary• 69
institutions– 25 univ.– 44 appl.
univ.
• Budapest leads
• Regional university centers
HE institutions by maintainer
• Diversified ownership
• State maintains most of universities and bigger applied universities (college)
Planned changes in national regulation• Change in entrance conditions
– foreign language as a requirement– re-introducing entrance exams
• Change in financing– decreasing financing in absolute numbers– less weight of student numbers
• Change in study programs– increased role of one cycle study programs– differentiate study programs offered by research universities or
universities of applied sciences
HE AND LABOUR MARKET IN HUNGARY
Ratio of graduates in different age groups 2008
• Still not very high proportions of graduates
• Good opportunities in the job market
• Added value of graduation in salaries
Graduates in the labour market• Graduates’ career opportunities have worsened,
especially among freshly graduated:– longer term of the job-seeking, – unemployment rate of freshly graduated increases,– oversupply in certain fields: e.g. law, business, communication.
• But:– higher needs for labour in other fields: e.g. engineering,– salaries are significantly higher for graduates (highest diff. in
EU),– varying needs of the labour market: some skills become more
important (communication, foreign language knowledge).
• Unemployment rate among graduates is lower, approx. 3-5%, (average 10%)
Perceptions of employment among graduates• Will you find a proper job in your profession in 1-2 years?
Source: GCTS - Student Survey 2009, N=7800
absolutely yes29%
yes, likely54%
don't know3%
absolutely no2%
not likely12%
HE and labour market at two levels• Government actions / provisions
– introducing the Bologna system,– compulsory professional internship in some fields,– establishing ‘Financial Boards’ (FB) supervising HEIs.
• Institutional actions– formalising labour market relations (FB, Magistrate),– joint degrees (internship, sandwich training, integrated industrial
training),– joint development projects (R&D), – Career Offices: career counselling, employment agency, alumni– Graduate Career Tracking Program
A CASE: EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY
Hungarian leading universities in numbers
N of PhD students
N Students N staff
Eötvös Loránd University 1.453 30.378 2.114Univeristy of Debrecen 854 30.418 1.685University of Szeged 617 28.777 2.131Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) 626 23.068 1.219
University of Pécs 892 30.620 1.874Corvinus University of Budapest 284 18.031 848University of Miskolc 207 13.602 720Pannon University 185 10.478 422Szent István University 257 13.980 667Total of above 5.709 209.954 12.823National total 6.911 381.033 22.475Proportions to national total 82.6 % 55.1 % 57.0 %
Budgetary comparison of CEU universities
million € N Students
Charles University, Prague 202 42.400
Warsaw University 132 $ 56.858
Eötvös Loránd University 93 30.378
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 243 21.022Humboldt-Universität Berlin 259 34.072Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 283 27.602Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen 385 23.000Freie Universität Berlin 380 31.000Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 380 44.405
Universität Wien 451 74.214J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main 476 34.000
Technische Universität München 503 23.338
ELTE in a nutshell• One of the most attractive universities for students:
– 15.109 applicants in first place (10,7% of total)– 9700 first year students (9,8% of total)
• Primary research potential:– 1098 persons with PhD or higher scientific ranks
• Widespread offer in study programs– 8 faculties– 69 BA study programs– 91 MA study programs– 29 study programs in foreign languages– 17 doctoral school (95 PhD programs) – 32 238 courses offered simultaneously
Graduates’ perception: best institutions in their study field 1.
institution2.
institution3.
institution
ELTE 87,3 13,4 6,1SZTE 3,2 31,9 23,0PTE 1,0 12,0 21,9BME 2,7 11,9 4,1PPKE - 9,6 10,0DE - 7,8 19,4BCE 1,5 5,2 4,2KGRE 1,2 2,3 3,0SE - 2,1 1,4ME - 1,6 2,6EKF - - 1,2
Horizontal match between studies and job
49.8
20.6
17
12.5
Work-studies connected
very muchhighlymoderatelynot at all
• Majority of graduates find a good horizontal fit between studies and current job.
Employer type
• Most of graduates are employed by the public sector.
25.2
19.125.1
9.9
7.6
2.3
1.4
0.9
8.6
StateMunicipalityLtdPublic limited companyNon-profit organizationSelf-employedOther micro enterpriseNon-profit ltdOther