Click here to load reader
Date post: | 19-May-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | akki-verma |
View: | 300 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Click here to load reader
Presented By:Akhilesh VermaRoll No-122601
ME (ECE) Regular
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL
INTRODUCTION CONCEPT MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS• SMI• MIB SNMP MESSAGES UDP PORTS APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES REFERENCES
April 12, 2023 2
CONTENTS
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage network resources. This standardization gives network administrators the ability to monitor network performance.
Defines the format of packets exchanged between a manager and an agent.
It reads and changes the status (values) of objects(variables) in SNMP packets.
April 12, 2023 3
INTRODUCTION
April 12, 2023 4
fffffffff CONCEPT
AGENT
AGENT VARIABLES
Here is a very simplified picture.
Network manager contact to the agent through TCP/IP protocol.
The agent resides in the managed devices and this agent have some agent variables which should be available to this manger for monitoring.
April 12, 2023 5
CONCEPT
AGENT:
• A router or host that runs the SNMP server program.
• Keep the performance information in a data base.
• Can send a trap to the manager if something unusual occurs.
April 12, 2023 6
v CONCEPT
MANAGER:
• A host that runs the SNMP client program.• Has access to values in the agent database.
April 12, 2023 7
CONCEPT
A manager checks an agent by requesting information that reflects the behaviour of the agent.
A manager forces an agent to perform a task by resetting values in the agent database.
An agent contributes to the management process by warning the manager of an unusual situation
April 12, 2023 8
CONCEPT
MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
April 12, 2023 9
Management
April 12, 2023 10
MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
SNMP
SMI MIB
This is the actual SNMP protocol itself.
It defines how information is exchanged between SNMP agents and network management stations.
The SNMP protocol operations define the various SNMP messages and how they are created and used.
April 12, 2023 11
SNMP
SNMP transport mappings describe how SNMP can be used over various underlying internetworks such as TCP/IP,IPX and others.
It simply an application program that has a client on the manager and a server on the agent.
April 12, 2023 12
SNMP
STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
April 12, 2023 13
SMI defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object type (including range and length), showing how to encode object and values.
SMI does not define the number of objects, an entity should manage or name the objects to be managed or define the association between the objects and their values.
April 12, 2023 14
SMI
To name objects.
To define the type of data that can be stored in the object.
To show how to encode the data for transmission.
April 12, 2023 15
SMI FUNCTION
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION BASES
April 12, 2023 16
Creates a collection of named objects, their types, and their relationships to each other in an entity to be managed.
April 12, 2023 17
MIB
April 12, 2023 18
OBJECT ATTRIBUTES
April 12, 2023 19
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
All objects managed by SNMP are given an object identifier.
The object identifier always starts with 1.3.6.1.2.1.
April 12, 2023 20
OBJECT IDENTIFIER
April 12, 2023 21
DATA TYPE
Integer32
Unsigned32
Counter32
Counter64
Gauage32
April 12, 2023 22
SIMPLE TYPE
April 12, 2023 23
CODES FOR DATA TYPE
Sequence (like structure)• Combination of simple data types,not of
same type.
Sequence of (like array)• Combination of simple data types all of
same type.
April 12, 2023 24
STRUCTURED DATA TYPE
April 12, 2023 25
CONCEPTUAL DATA TYPES
April 12, 2023 26
ENCODING FORMAT
April 12, 2023 27
HOW TO DEFINE INTEGER -14
April 12, 2023 28
HOW TO DEFINE OBJECT IDENTIFIER
1.3.6.1(iso.org.dod.internet)
April 12, 2023 29
HOW TO DEFINE IP ADDRESS 131.21.14.8
Sequence (like array)
April 12, 2023 30
MIB2
April 12, 2023 31
UDP GROUP
April 12, 2023 32
UDP VARIABLE AND TABLES
April 12, 2023 33
INDEXES FOR UDP TABLE
April 12, 2023 34
LEXICOGRAPHIC ORDERING
Five messages of SNMP
1.Get Request ->Sent by manager requesting specific
data from agent
2.Get Next Request ->Retrieves the next value of the next
lexical MIB variable.
3.Get Response ->Agent respond with data for get and set
requests from the manager. April 12, 2023 35
SNMP MESSAGES
4.Set Request->Initializes or changes the value of
network element
5.Trap->Alarm generated by an agent
April 12, 2023 36
SNMP MESSAGES
April 12, 2023 37
TYPES OF ERRORS
• Traps are unrequested event reports that are sent to a management system by an SNMP agent process
• When a trappable event occurs, a trap message is generated by the agent and is sent to a trap destination (a specific, configured network address)
• Many events can be configured to signal a trap, like a network cable fault, failing Hard Drive, a “General Protection Fault”, or a power supply failure
April 12, 2023 38
WHAT IS TRAP
• Traps can also be throttled -- You can limit the number of traps sent per second from the agent
• Traps have a priority associated with them -- Critical, Major, Minor, Warning, Marginal, Informational, Normal, Unknown
April 12, 2023 39
WHAT IS TRAP
(0).coldStart -agent has been booted
(1).warmStart -agent has been rebooted
(2).linkDown -interface has gone down
(3).Linkup -interface has come up
April 12, 2023 40
TRAP TYPES
4.authenticationFailure -invalid community
5.egpNeighbourLoss -router has gone to down state
6.enterpriseSpecific -other messages
April 12, 2023 41
TRAP TYPES
April 12, 2023 42
PORTS NUMBERS FOR SNMP
April 12, 2023 43
COMMERCIAL SNMP APPLICATIONS
Here are some of the various SNMP Management products available today
• http://www.hp.com/go/openview/ HP OpenView
• http://www.tivoli.com/ IBM NetView
• http://www.novell.com/products/managewise/ Novell ManageWise
• http://www.sun.com/solstice/ Sun MicroSystems Solstice
• http://www.microsoft.com/smsmgmt/ Microsoft SMS Server
• http://www.compaq.com/products/servers/management/ Compaq Insight Manger
• http://www.redpt.com/ SnmpQL - ODBC Compliant
• http://www.empiretech.com/ Empire Technologies
• ftp://ftp.cinco.com/users/cinco/demo/ Cinco Networks NetXray
• http://www.netinst.com/html/snmp.html SNMP Collector (Win9X/NT)
• http://www.netinst.com/html/Observer.html Observer
• http://www.gordian.com/products_technologies/snmp.html Gordian’s SNMP Agent
• http://www.castlerock.com/ Castle Rock Computing
• http://www.adventnet.com/ Advent Network Management
• http://www.smplsft.com/ SimpleAgent, SimpleTester
Standardized
Universally supported
Extendible
Portable
Allows distributed management access
Light weight protocolApril 12, 2023 44
ADVANTAGES OF USING SNMP
TCP/IP protocol suite by Behrouz A. Forouzan.
Internetworking with TCP/IP,principles,protocols and architectures by Douglas E. Comer.
Network management principles and practices by mani Subhramanian.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
http://www.erlang.org/doc/apps/snmp/snmp.pdf
http://www.hit.bme.hu/~jakab/edu/litr/SNMP/snmp_basics.pdf
April 12, 2023 45
REFERENCES