SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18 th, 2008 SNOLAB: A New International Facility for...

SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18th, 2008

SNOLAB: A New International Facility for

Underground Astroparticle Physics

T. Noble Queen’s University


3 Our model of how the Sun burns is very accurate.

2 Neutrinos must have a finite mass. New physics !

From SNO we learned a lot about neutrinos… and the Universe

Imagine an apple falls off a tree, when it lands on the ground, it’s a banana! Thirty year old puzzle about neutrinos has been solved.

4 The mass of neutrinos alone is not enough to cause a “Big Crunch”

Neutrinos are changing from one flavour to another between the sun and the earth!

1

5 Neutrino masses are insufficient to account for all Dark Matter.


Precision Astronomy has taught us a lot about the Universe we live in…

We live here

~70% Energy ~30% Matter


Composition of the Universe

Embarrassing Fact:

~95% of the Universe cannot be accounted for in terms of mass and energy.


A number of extremely fundamental questions can be addressed by the scientific program of SNOLAB:

What is Dark Matter?

Is there a new symmetry of nature (Supersymmetry or …) that will reveal itself at higher energies?

Why is the Universe dominated by matter, and how did this asymmetry come about?

What are the neutrino masses, and how have they contributed to the structure and evolution of the Universe?

How were the heavy elements formed in Supernovae, and what is the role of neutrinos in that process. How do cosmic accelerators work?

What is the mechanism responsible for neutrino oscillations in the sun


SNOLAB

A new International Facility for Underground Science.

SNO Established Canada as a World Leader in AstroParticle Physics.

Major advances in Astroparticle Physics and

precision Astronomy have led to a new view of the Universe

and its contents.

Many of the fundamental questions being posed can

be addressed in a deep, clean and dedicated underground facility.

SNO Site unique in the World as deepest clean

laboratory space.


SNOLAB Underground facilities

SNO

Rectangular Hall

LadderUtilities


Excavation Clean Rm LaboratoryArea Volume Area Volume Area Volume

Existing

Existing+ Phase I

Existing

+ Phase I &I I

20,049 f t2 582,993 f t3 12,196 f t2 470,360 f t3 8,095 f t2 412,390 f t3

1,863 m2 16,511 m3 1,133 m2 13,321 m3 752 m2 11,679 m3

65,340 f t2 1,367,488 f t3 41,955 f t2 1,049,393 f t3 26,117 f t2 837,604 f t3

6,072 m2 38,728 m3 3,899 m2 29,719 m3 2,427 m2 23,721 m3

77,636 f t2 1,647,134 f t3 53,180 f t2 1,314,973 f t3 32,877 f t2 1,043,579 f t3

7,215 m2 46,648 m3 4,942 m2 37,241 m3 3,055 m2 29,555 m3

Laboratory Space

SNO: 752 m2 lab space single experiment

SNOLAB: 3,055 m2 lab space ~4 large experiments, several medium/small

4 x the space


A Brief History of SNOLABConstruction• 2001 Canada Foundation for Innovation Calls for proposals…International Joint

Venture fund.• 2002 Somebody has the bright idea that we should apply.• 2002 April. FedNor Provides 95k$ to develop proposal.• 2002 Funding awarded by CFI 38.9 M$ for underground facility.• 2003 Funding awarded (OIT, FedNor, NOHFC, CFI) 10.4 M$ for surface facility.• 2004 June. Construction of building begins….after the ground thaws enough.• 2004 June. Excavation of Phase I begins underground. • 2005 July. Surface building complete and occupied. Old construction trailers

demolished with excessive enthusiasm.• 2007 June. Excavation of Phase I complete• 2007 June. Excavation of Phase II begins• 2007 August. Funding for Phase II approved• 2008 May-June Excavation of Phase II complete• 2008 October. Entire Facility to be complete….about 2 months ahead of

schedule.

Operations:• NSERC Funding for Operations: 2.8 M$ over 2 years• CFI Funding for Operations 2.8 M$ over 2 years• Province of Ontario 18 M$ over 6 years.


SNOLAB

Scientific Program


SNOLAB Physics Program (1)

What is the “missing” dark matter in the Universe?

Direct Search for Dark Matter

DEAP/CLEAN Liquid Argon(prototype running)

MiniClean LAr & LNe

PICASSO Superheated droplets(operational)

SuperCDMS Ge



What are the properties of neutrinos and how have the shaped the structure and formation of the

Universe?

Why do we live in a matter dominated Universe? Where has all the anti-matter gone?

Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay

EXO Liquid xenon(developing detector)

SNO+ Nd in Liquid Scint.(seeking construction funds)

Solar-, Geo- & Reactor-Neutrinos

SNO+



What mechanism causes cataclysmic Supernova explosions of stars in their death throes?

Supernova Monitoring

HALO Operating funds in hand

SNO+


What is required to advance these areas of science?

Events are extremely rare:

– Requires massive experiments

– Requires very low background environment

• Deep underground site

• Clean lab

SNOLAB


SNOLAB

Personnel facilities

SNO Cavern

Ladder Labs

Cube Hall Phase IICryopit

UtilityArea

2008: DEAP/CLEAN 3600,MiniCLEAN 360?

Now:DEAP-1

2008: SNO+

2008: HALO?

Now:PICASSO-II

New large scale project.

2009: SuperCDMS ?

2009: PICASSO IIB?2009: EXO-200-Gas?

Installation of experiments:


Why Make These Studies Underground?

This was first considered by Pliny the Elder, about 2000 years ago

'Esistono persone cosi pazze da andare all'interno di profonde miniere per osservare le stelle del cielo'.

“There exist people crazy enough as to go into deep mines to study the stars in the sky.”


Ironically, Pline l’Ancien died soon afterwards...

in the eruption of Vesuvius...


SNOLAB

Construction Status


Surface Facilities


Surface Facilities• High ceiling clean laboratory

space

• Clean transfer room

• Low background counting facilities.

• Computing/network infrastructure

• Meeting rooms/auditorium

• Office space

• Change facilities for Underground access


Personnel facilities

SNO Cavern

Ladder Labs

Cube Hall

Cryopit

UtilityArea

Excavation Status


Lab Entry


Lab Entry


PersonnelFacility


PersonnelFacility


LadderLabs


Cube Hall


Excavation Status

The last excavation,the Cryopit, was completed in May


Cryopit


Chiller


SNOLAB Schedule

• Phase I (Cube Hall, Ladder Labs, Lab Entrance)– Excavation 100% complete.

– Outfitting began June 2007. Now very advanced.

– Cube Hall cleaning, painting, services began in Jan 2008. Spaces available now for experimental infrastructure installation.

• Phase II (Cryopit)– Funding announced Aug 2007. Excavation now complete.

– Outfitting well advanced now.

– Ready for occupancy mid/end 2008. Final infrastructure (Chiller, MPC, waste water plant) October 2008 (now two months ahead of schedule).

• Surface Facility– Operational since 2005.

• Experimental Program– Initial assignments of space underground.

– Current allocations to: PICASSO, DEAP I, SNO+, DEAP/CLEAN, SuperCDMS. MiniCLEAN

– Anticipated (awaiting formal application to SNOLAB) EXOgas 200, HALO, COUPP?


Summary

• SNOLAB has great potential to address many of the most fundamental questions in subatomic physics today.

• Lab is ready now to begin installation of experiment specific infrastructure.

– Construction schedule a few months ahead of schedule…→ more infrastructure

– Skilled technical staff, engineering and scientific support.

• Several smaller sized programs (PICASSO, DEAP-1, PUPS) already operational

• The larger experimental program is making good progress, experiments are requesting capital support and/or building detector components off site now.

SNOLAB is open for business! Highest priority now is to get experiments fully

funded. designed, reviewed and installed.

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SNOLAB @ GeoNeutrino 2008 Sudbury Sept 18 th, 2008 SNOLAB: A New International Facility for...

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