1/PHG/2011/Nutrition Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell.Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu set tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1(a)

(i) In Diagram 1, label S dan T. / Pada Rajah 1, labelkan S dan T [2 marks]

(ii) State the function of structure S and cell wall. Nyatakan fungsi struktur S dan dinding sel

S: ________________________________________________________________

Cell wall / dinding sel : _______________________________________________[2 marks]

(b)

Explain structure T and how it is involved to maintain the turgidity of plant cellTerangkan struktur T dan bagaimana ía terlibat dalam mengekalkankesegahan satu sel tumbuhan.________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________[4 marks]

(c)

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.1 above shows the cross section of a leaf. Based on the diagram, explain the adaptations of the leaf to carry out photosynthesis.Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, terangkan penyesuaian-penyesuaian daun untuk menjalankan proses fotosintesis.

_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________[4 marks]

2/Zone A Kuching/2011/Nutrition Diagram 1 shows a longitudinal-section of a part of the wall of human small intestine.

Diagram 1

(a) Name the parts labelled

W:__________________________________

X: __________________________________

Y: __________________________________

Z: __________________________________ [4 marks]

W

Y

X

Z

(b) The structure Z is involved in the absorption of digested food. State two adaptations of Z that can help it to function efficiently.

1: ______________________________________________________________________

2: ______________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

(c) Explain what will happen to the glucose in the body after it is absorbed by Y.________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________[3 marks]

(d) What are the differences in the composition of fluid in W and Y?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________[3 marks]

3/Zone A Kuching/2011/Nutrition Diagram 2 shows a cross section of a leaf.

Diagram 2

(a) (i) Name the structure labelled Q.

___________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

P

Stoma

Q

Q

(ii) State two tissues that form the structure named in (a)(i).

1. ________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(b) Explain how the part labelled P is adapted for optimal photosynthesis.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________[3 marks]

(c)In different habitats, plants have different distribution of stomata and

chloroplasts.

Explain how the above statement enables the following plants to carry out photosynthesis at an optimum rate.(i) Aquatic plants

___________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(ii) Plants in desert

___________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(d) Explain the importance of green plants to living organisms.

________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

4/PP/2011/Nutrition Table 2 shows daily nutrient requirements of 4 individuals. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keperluan nutrien harian bagi empat individu.

Individual / individu Energy(kJ)Tenaga (kJ)

Protein (g per kg body weight)Protein (g per kgberat badan)

Calcium (g)Kalsium(g)

Iron (mg)Besi (mg)

Child (6 years)Kanak-kanak (6 tahun)

7000 2.8 1.2 7

Female (18 years)Perempuan (l8 tahun)

9000 0.9 1.0 12

Active Male (18 years)Lelaki aktif (18 tahun)

14,000 1.0 1.0 10

Woman in confinement whopractices breast feedingPerempuan yang barubersalin dan menyusu bayinya

12,500 2.3 2.1 18

Table 2 / Jadual 2

(a) (i) What is the difference in kJ the energy requirement of an active male compared to a 6 year-old child?Apakah perbezaan keperluan tenaga dalam kJ di antara seorang lelaki aktifberbanding dengan seorang kanak-kanak berumur 6 tahun?_________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why the difference in (a)(i) exists.Terangkan mengapa ada perbezaan ini.

_________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(b) Why does the active male require less iron compared to the female who is 18 years old?Mengapa lelaki aktif memerlukan kurang zat besi berbanding dengan perempuan yang berumur 18 tahun?

______________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(c) (i) Explain why a child who is 6 years old requires more protein than an active male who is 18 years old.Terangkan mengapa kanak-kanak yang berumur 6 tahun memerlukan Iebih protein berbanding dengan lelaki aktif yang berumur 18 lahun.

_________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(ii) Explain why the body’s protein requirement can be met by eating meat or eggs rather than eating nuts.Terangkan mengapa keperluan protein dalam badan kita boleh diperolehi apabila daging atau telur dimakan, tetapi tidak mencukupi jika kita hanya memakan kekacang.

_________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(d) Why the woman did in confinement and breastfeeding requires higher calcium in her diet?Mengapakah seorang perempuan yang baru bersalin dan menyusu bayinya perlu kandungan kalsium yang lebih tinggi dalam gizinya?

_______________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

(e) Based on the above table, state two other factors which affect the energy requirements of an individual.Berdasarkan jadual diatas, nyatakan dua faktor yang lain yang mempengaruhi keperluan tenaga bagi seseorang individu.

_______________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

5/JOHOR/2011/ NutritionDiagram 5.1 shows a food pyramidRajah 5.1 menunjukkan piramid makanan

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1

(a) P, Q, R and S are the different classes of food that make up the balanced diet.P, Q, R dan S adalah kelas-kelas makanan yang berbeza dalam gizi seimbang.

(i) Name the class of food labeled R Namakan kelas makanan berlabel R

...…..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii) State the functions of food in R Nyatakan fungsi makanan di dalam R

...…..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) Junk food is food that is high in sugar, salt and fat. Explain the health problems faced by individual who continuously taken this food.Makanan rapu adalah makanan yang tinggi kandungan gula, garam dan lemak.Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang dihadapi oleh individu yang mengambil makanan ini secara berterusan.

.........….……………………………………………………………………………………………......

.........….……………………………………………………………………………………………......

.........….……………………………………………………………………………………………......[3 marks] / [3 markah]

P

Q

R

s

Lipid, salt and sugarLemak, garam dan gula

Meat, chicken, fish and milkDaging, ayam, ikan dan susu

Fruits and vegetablesBuah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran

Rice, bread, noodle and potatoesNasi, roti, mee dan kentang

(c) Table 5 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a moderately active adult man and a boy aged 15 years old.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan jenis dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh lelaki dewasa sederhan aktif dan kanak-kanak lelaki berumur 15 tahun.

Type of foodJenis

makanan

Quantity taken/gKuantiti diambil/g

Energy/kJ per 100g

Tenaga/kJper 100g

Energy obtained/kJTenaga diperolehi/kJ

moderately active adult

manLelaki dewasa

sederhana aktif

boy aged 15 years old

Kanak-kanak lelaki berumur

15 tahun

moderately active adult

manLelaki dewasa

sederhana aktif

boy aged 15 years

oldKanak-kanak lelaki

berumur 15 tahun

RiceNasi

300 400 2 000 8000

White breadRoti putih

100 150 1500 1500

ButterMentega

50 50 3 000 1500 1500

Potatokentang

100 100 500 500 500

MilkSusu

100 200 300 300 600

BananaPisang

50 100 50 25 50

ChickenAyam

200 200 800 1600 1600

Total energy obtainedJumlah tenaga diperolehi

Table 5 / Jadual 5

(i) Complete Table 5 by calculating the total energy obtained by each individual.Lengkapkan Jadual 5 dengan menghitung jumlah tenaga yang diperolehi oleh setiap individu.

[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(ii) Explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily energy requirement when compared to moderately active adult man.Terangkan mengapa budak lelaki berumur 15 tahun memerlukan lebih keperluan tenaga harian berbanding lelaki dewasa yang sederhana aktif.

.........…..…....…………………………………………………………………………………..

..................….…………………………………………………………………………………..

..................….……………………………………………………………………………..........

........….…………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a boy suffering from nutrient deficiency disease.

(i) Identify the deficiency disease shown in Diagram 5.2. Kenalpasti penyakit kekurangan nutrien yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2

...…..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii) State the cause of the disease and possible effects on children. Nyatakan punca penyakit dan kemungkinan kesan yang dialami oleh kanak-kanak.

...…..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks] / [2 markah]

Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

6/N9/2011/ Nutrition

Diagram 2.1 shows a longitudinal section through a part of a dicotyledon leaf. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan keratan bujur sebahagian daun dikotiledon.

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

(a) Name structures R and Y / Namakan struktur R dan Y.

R: ………………………………………………………………………………………

Y: …...………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks / markah]

(b) On Diagram 2.1, draw and label three arrows to show the path of raw materials into Y. Pada rajah 2.1, lukis dan label tiga anak panah untuk menunjukkan laluan bahan mentah ke Y.

[3 marks / markah]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows the detailed structure of Y / Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur terperinci Y.

Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

Describe the photosynthetic reactions that occur in structures P and Q. Huraikan tindakbalas fotosintesis yang berlaku di struktur P dan Q.

Structure P / Struktur P : …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…..………………………………………………………………………………………………

Structure Q / Struktur Q : …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks / markah]

(d) Write down the equation for photosynthesis. Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindakbalas fotosintesis.

……………………………………………………………………………………...…………… [1 mark / markah]

(e) The process of photosynthesis contributes to the balance of nature. Proses fotosintesis menyumbang kepada keseimbangan alam.

(i) State one importance of photosynthesis that maintains the balance of nature.Nyatakan satu kepentingan fotosintesis yang dapat mengekalkan keseimbangan alam.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark / markah]

(ii) Explain how air pollution can reduce the rate of photosynthesis. Terangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara boleh mengurangkan kadar fotosintesis. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks / markah]

7/Kelantan/2011/Nutrition

(a) Diagram 8 shows a stomach and its wall of human digestive system.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan organ perut serta lapisan dindingnya dalam sistem pencernaan manusia.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(i) Explain the physical and chemical digestion in stomach.

Terangkan pencernaan fizikal dan kimia di perut.

[6 marks/6 markah]

(ii) Explain the effects if Q in stomach are unable to produce hydrochloric acid in food digestion.Terangkan kesan jika Q di perut tidak dapat menghasilkan asid hidroklorik dalam pencernaan makanan.

[4 marks/4 markah]

Q

(b) Table 8.1 and Table 8.2 show two different type of lunch menu for a student. Jadual 8.1 dan Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan dua jenis menu makan tengah hari yang berbeza bagi seorang pelajar.

Nasi beriani

Nasi beriani

1 plate

1 pinggan

Plain rice

Nasi kosong

1 plate

I pinggan

Beef curry

Kari daging

1 bowl

1 mangkuk

Fish soup

Sup ikan

1 bowl

1 mangkuk

Fried chicken

Ayam goreng

2 pieces

2 ketul

Fried Mix vegetable

Sayur campur goreng

1 bowl

1 mangkuk

Ice cream

Ais krim

2 pieces

2 batang

Papaya

Betik

1 slice

Sepotong

Syrup

Sirap

1 glass

I gelas

Orange juice

Jus oren

1 glass

I gelas

Table 8.1: Menu A

Jadual 8.1: Menu A

Table 8.2: Menu B

Jadual 8.2: Menu B

Describe both menu and choose the best menu for a student to practise a healthy lifestyle.

Huraikan kedua-dua menu dan pilih menu terbaik bagi seorang pelajar untuk mengamalkan cara hidup sihat .

[10 marks/10 markah]