Sobotta - Atlas of Humna Anatomy - Head Neck Upper Limb - Vol 1_2

8/18/2019 Sobotta - Atlas of Humna Anatomy - Head Neck Upper Limb - Vol 1_2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sobotta-atlas-of-humna-anatomy-head-neck-upper-limb-vol-12 1/427

Atl.as f HumanAnatomy

Edited y R. Putzand R. PabstInco[[aboration ithRenate utz

Transla t ion yS. Bedoui

Volume

Head,Neck,Upper imb14th di t ion, ewly di ted727 colour tateswith 1070 iguresBooklet tabl .es f musctes , o intsand nervesJ

URBAN FISCHERMUnchen Jena







Correspondence nd feedback should be addressed o:E t s e v i e r m b H , r b a n & F i s c h e r Ve r t a g , e p a r t m e n t o r M e d i c a t t u d e n t n f o r m a t i o n , t e x a n d e r a t t n a r z i k , a r l s t r a B e 5 , 8 0 3 3 3 u n i c h , e r m a n ye - m a i [ :m e d i z i n s t u d i u m @ e t s e v i e re

Addresses of the editors:

Professor r med Reinhard utzVors tand es Anatomischen nst i tu tsd e r L u d w i g - M a x i m i [ ia n s - U n i v e r s i t b tPet tenkofers t raBe 18 0 3 3 6M U n c h e nGermanye - m a i t : e i n h a r d . p u t z @ m e d n i - m u e n c h e n e

Professor r. med. Reinhard abstLei ter der Abtei tungFunkt ionetLe nd Angewandte natomieM e d i z i n i s c h e o c h s c h u [ e a n n o v e rCar[-Neuberg-StraBe30625 HannoverGermany

e-mai t : pabst e [email protected]

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0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 5 1 , 3 2 1

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The 14th di t ion f he Sobot ta t las consis ts f two votumes nd ab o o k l e t o n t a i n i n ga b l e s e n c t o s e d n Vo l u m e l :

Vo L u m e : H e a d , e c k , U p p e r i m b

Votume : Trunk, Viscera , ower Limb

TransLat ion: r .med Sammy Bedoui ,HannoverEdi tor ia t t a f fa t Elsevier : Dr med Dorothea ennessen

Alexander a t tnarz ikDr. er. nat Andrea Richarz

l t l u s t r a t o r s : l r i k eB r u g g e r , u n i c h ; i j d i g e r i m m e L h a n , e i d e l b e r g ;H o r s tR u B ,M u n i c h ; e n r i e t t e i n t e t e n , e t b e r nB o o k r o d u c t i o n : e n a t e a u s d o r f , u n i c hC o m p o s e d y : Ty p o d a t a , u n i c hP r i n t e d n d b o u n d y : A p p t ,We m d i n gC o v e r e s i g n : a r s t e n s c h i r ne r , u n i c hP r i n t e d n N o p a c o a t 15 g

P r i n t e d n G e r m a n yI S B N - 1 : 9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 8 - 3I S B N - 1 : 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 4 8 - 8

Thisat tas was ounded yJohannes obot ta t , ormer Professor f Anatomyand Director f he AnatomicaI nst i tu te f he Univers i ty f Bonn,Germany

German Editions:1 ' t Edi t ion: 904-1907 F. Lehmanns er tag ,Munich2"d-1 th di t ion: 913-19t+4 F. Lehmanns er tag ,Munich12th20rh di t ion 1 48- 1 93 Urban & Schwarzen erg, Munich1 3 t h d i t i o n : 9 5 3 , d i t o r H B e c h e r1 4 t h d i t i o n : 1 9 5 6 ,e d i t o rH . B e c h e r1 t h d i t i o n : 5 7 , d i t o rH B e c h e r1 6 t h d i t i o n ; 1 9 6 7 , d i t o rH B e c h e r1 7 t h d i t i o n : 9 7 2 , d i t o r s . F e r n e r nd J . S t a u b e s a n d1 8 t h d i t i o n : 9 8 2 , d i t o r s F e r n e r n d J S t a u b e s a n d1 t h d i t i o n : 8 8 , d i t o r S t a u b e s a n d2 0 t h d i t i o n : 9 3 , d i t o r s P u t z n d R P a b s t2 1 ' tE d i t i o n : 0 0 0 , d i t o r s R P u t z n d R P a b s t , r b a n & F i s c h e r e r t a g ,

M u n i c h2 2 " d d i t i o n : 0 0 6 , d i t o r s P u t z n d R P a b s t , l s e v i e r m b H ,M u n i c h

Foreign Editions:ArabicEdi t ionM o d e r n e c h n i c a I e n t e r , a m a s c u sChinese di t ion compLex haracters)H o - C h i o o k P u b t i s h i n g o , a i w a nC h i n e s e d i t i o ns i m p t i f i e d h i n e s e d i t i o n }Elsevier, ea t th Sciences s ia , SingaporeC r o a t i a n d i t i o nNaktada tap, as t rebarskoD u t c hE d i t i o nBohn Staf teu an Loghum, HoutenE n g t i s h d i t i o n w i t h o m e n c l a t u r en E n g t i s h )AtLas f Human AnatomyL i p p i n c o t t i t t i a m s Wi t k i n sE n g t i s h d i t i o nw i t hn o m e n c l a t u r e n L a t i n lAt las of Human AnatomyE L s e v i e r m b H , r b a n& F i s c h e r

F r e n c h d i t i o nA t t a s ' A n a t o m i e u m a i n eTec & DocLavois ier, ar isG r e e k d i t i o n w i t hn o m e n c l a t u r e n G r e e k lM a r i aG P a r i s s i a n o s , t h e n sGreek Edi t ion with nomencLature n Lat in lM a r i aG P a r i s s i a n o s , t h e n sH u n g a r i a n d l t i o na z e m b e r n a t 6 m i 5 j 5 n a k t l a s z aA t t i t e r i a d 5 i , u d a p e s tl n d o n e s i a n d i t i o nAtlas Anatomi ManusiaPenerbi t Buku Kedokteran GC, akar taI t a [ i a n d i t i o nA t l a n t e i A n a t o m i a m a n aUTET, or inol a n r n o c o F d i i i n n

l g a k uS h o i n t d , To k y oKorean Edi t ion

S h i n g H e u n g e d S c i e n c e , e o u IP o L i s h d i t i o nAttas anatomii z towiekaUrban & Par tner, WroclawP o r t u g u e s e d i t i o nw i t h o m e n c l a t u r en E n g t i s h JA t [ a s e A n a t o m i a u m a n aE d i t o r a u a n a b a r a o o g a n , i o d e J a n e i r oP o r t u g u e s e d i t i o n w i t hn o m e n c l a t u r e n L a t i n lA t l a s e A n a t o m i a u m a n aE d i t o r a u a n a b a r a o o g a n , i od e J a n e i r oS p a n i s h d i t i o nA t [ a s e A n a t o m i a u m a n aE d i t o r i a t e d i c a a n a m e r i c a n a , u e n o s i r e s / M a d r i dTu r k l s h d i t i o nl n s a n n a t o m i s i t [ a s iB e t a B a s i m a y i m a g i t i m , s t a n b u I

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GeneraI natomy

ContentsPreface

P a r t s and egions f h e b o d yPassive ocomotor ystemActive ocomotor ystemDigestive nd respiratory ystemU r i n a r y nd g e n i t a I y s t e mS u r f a c e r o j e c t i o n f n t e r n a l rgansCardiovascutar ystemCentral and peripheral nervous ystem 24-29E n d o c r i n e rgans 3 0S k i n n d a p p e n d a g e s 3 1

32-117Regions fhead nd eck , egiones ap i t i s

et cot l i 32Bones f he skul t ,Ossa rani i 33-61Te m p o r o m a n d i b u L a ro i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oe m p o r o -

m a n d i b u [ a r i s , n d m a s t i c a t o r y usc[esF a c i a Im u s c [ e sVesse ls nd n e r v e s f head and neckN o s e , Nasus x t e r n u s , n d n a s a I a v i t y,

C a v i t a s n a s i. .P a r a n a s a I i n u s e s , i n u s a r a n a s a l e s .0 r a I c a v i t y, a v i t a s r i s ,and e e t h , D e n t e sP a t a t e , a l a t u mTo n g u e , i n g u aH y o i d o n e , s h y o i d e u m , nd h y o i d a l . u s c L e s . . . . .S u p r a h y o i d usc[es , M u s c u l . i u p r a h y o i d e i , n d

external usc les f he ongue . . . 1 6-1 8Major a t ivarytands , tanduLaealivariae ajores . j0g-112Arteries ndnerves f heora l av i ty. 113Vesse t s ndnerves f he ongue . . . . j14-1jsFrontal ect ionshrough he head . . . 116- j17

11 8 1 5 6Musc les f he neck . j j} -12 jL a r y n x ,a r y n x . . . . j L 2 - j 3 jThyroid Land, l .andul .ahyroidea . . . 132-135Pharynx , harynx . . . j36-14jVe s s e t s a n d n e r v e s o f t h e n e c k . . . . . . i L Z - 1 5 3Sec t ionshrough ead ndneck . . . . 1 4 -1 5

U p p e r t i m b . . . . . . . 1 5 7 - Z S 7S u r f a c e n a t o m y jS 7B o n e s , j o i n t s , t i g a m e n t s . . . . j i g - j 7 7M u s c t e s f h e u p p e r i m b . . j 7 g - 2 j 3Ve s s e l s a n d e r v e s o f h e u p p e r l . i m b . . . . . . 2 j 4 - Z S 1S e c t i o n s h r o u g h h e a r m . . . Z S 2 - Z S 7

Cranial ase , as i s rani i . . 264-265C r a n i a I e r v e s , e r v i r a n i a t e s . . . .P a r a s y m p a t h e t i c a n g t i a f h e h e a dC r a n i a I e r v e s , o p o g r a p h yC r a n i a I a s e , e s s e t s n d n e r y e sC r a n i a I u r a m a t e r, D u r a m a t e r c r a n i a L i s , nd c r a n i a l

a r a c h n o i d a t e r, A r a c h n o i d e a a t e r c r a n i a [ i s . . . .S t r u c t u r e f h e b r a i n a n d b r a i n d e v e t o o m e n tTe L e n c e p h a t o n , Te t e n c e p h a t o n. . . .D i e n c e p h a l o n , i e n c e p h a [ o nM e s e n c e p h a l o n , esencephaton .B r a i n s t e m , runcus ncephat iN u c t e i f he c r a n i a I e r v e s .C e r e b e l t u m , e r e b e L t u mA s s o c i a t i o n n d c o m m i s s u r a I r a c t sI n t e r n a I a p s u t e , a p s u [ a n t e r n a , y r a m i d a I r a c t

a n d b a s a l a n g t i a

Ve n t r i c u L a ry s t e m n d s u b a r a c h n o i d paceVe s s e t s f h e b r a i nM a g n e t i c esonance o m o g r a p h i c mages f

the brain . 323-325Frontal ections hrough he brain . . . 326-329H o r i z o n t a l e c t i o n s h r o u g h h e b r a i n 3 3 0 - 3 3 6S a g i t t a L e c t i o n s h r o u g h h e b r a i n . . 3 3 7 - 3 3 9S p i n a l o r d , M e d u l l a p i n a l i s . . . . 3 4 0 - 3 5 1

Eyet ids , alpebrae, nd rb i t ,Orb i ta 352-355Lacr imaI ppara tus , pparatus acr ima[ i s . . . 356-357Ext ra -ocu ta r usc[es , uscuI i x te rn i uIb i cuI i . . . 358-361EyebaLt ,ulbus cu l i 362Vessels f he eye 36 3lris, ris,and pupil., upil.l .a . 364-365Lens , ens , nd cu[a r undus,

F u n d u s c u l i . . . 3 6 6 - 3 6 7Optic erve, ervu s pt icus . 368-369Optic ract, ractus pticus . . 370-371Muscles, essels nd nerves f he orbit . . . . . 372-376Sec t ionshrough he orbi t . . . 377-378

Ear,Auris .379-4000vervrewA u r i c [ e , u r i c u [ aA u r i c u [ a rm u s c t e s , M u s c u [ i u r i c u t a r e sE x t e r n a I c o u s t i cm e a t u s , M e a t u s c u s t i c u s x t e r n u s ,

and y m p a n i cm e m b r a n e , M e m b r a n a y m p a n i c a . .

A u d i t o r y s s i c [ e s , s s i c u t a u d i t o r i aTympanic avity, Cavitas ympaniA u d i t o r y u b e , Tu b a u d i t i v aI n t e r n a I a r, A u r i s n t e r n aA u d i t o r y n d e q u i l . i b r i u mrg a nA u d i t o r y n d e q u i [ i b r i u m a t h w a yNerves and vessets f the earC o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c e c t i o n s h r o u g h h e e a r . . . .

VI

1 31

6 - 11 - 1 3

1 41 5

16-1718-23

266-273274-27527 -277278-279

280-283284

285-294295-296

297298-299300-30302-305

306

307-309

3 1 0 - 3 1 7318-322

62-6970-7374-85

86-8889-9

92-101102

1 0 3 - 1 0 41 0 5

352-378

3793803 8 1

382

383-384385-387388-389390-393394-396

397398-399

40 0

B r a i n , n c e p h a t o n . . . . . . 2 S g - 3 S 1Vessets f he head . 258-261CraniaI av i ty, av i tas ran i i , ran ia I uramater,

D u r a m a t e r c r a n i a t i s . . . . . 2 6 2 - 2 6 3

Eye,Organum isus

l n d e x . . . . . 4 0 1 - 4 1 9



PrefaceI t w a s us t o v e r a hundred e a r s a g o h a t J o h a n n e s o b o t t a e to u t t o p u b L i s h h e f i r s t e d i t i o n f h i s A t t a s o f H u m a n A n a t o m y.S i n c e h e n, h i s p i e c e f w o r k has evoLved t e p b y s t e p a s a r e -s u t t o f he cons tant n t e r a c t i o n e t w e e n t u d e n t s , e c t u r e r s nde d i t o r s . t h a s not onLy een he most m o d e r n b a s i s o r h e c o m -p l e xs u b j e c t f m a c r o s c o p i c n a t o m y h r o u g h o u tm a n y g e n e r a -t i o n s o f d o c t o r s , u t has a L s o e v e t o p e d n t o a L a s t i n g o r k o fr e f e r e n c e or b o t h t i n i c a I r a i n i n g n d advanced e d i c a I d u c a -t i o n .A L t n a l . L .t h a s become b o o k o r a m e d i c a I o c t o r ' s i f e0nce a g a i n , n t h i s n e w e d i t i o n h e a d d i t i o n a t i g u r e s a v e beend r a w n t r i c t l y n h e b a s i s f o r i g i na l p e c i m e n s .

The 1 4 t h d i t i o n a s b e e n p a r t i c u [ a r t y es igned o m e e t h e d e -m a n d s o f a r e f o r m e d m e d i c a l u r r i c u t u m , m p h a s i z i n g he n te-g r a t i o n f c I i n i c a Im e d i c i n e n t o h e p r e c L i n i c a Iu r r i c u l u m . ort h i s p u r p o s e , h e n e w e d i t i o n a s b e e n e x t e n d e d o i n c t u d e h ef o L t o w i n ge a t u r e s :- S u r f a c e a n a t o m y n c t u d i n g p r o j e c t i o n o f i n t e r n a I o rg a n s

{45c o t o u r hotos)- A n a t o m i c a l i a g r a m s e x t o m a g i n g i g u r e s- I n t e g r a t i o n f i m a g i n g e c h n i q u e s o a g r e a t e r e x t e n t u [ t r a -

s o u n d , - r a y, T, M R I ; 1 9 g u r e s )- Endoscopic , n t r a o p e r a t i v e oLour mages a n d i g u r e s e x e m -

p t i f y i n ge c h n i q u e s f p u n c t u r e n d e x a m i n a t i o n 54 i g u r e s l- l m a g e s f p a t i e n t s r e s e n t i n g i t h y p i c a t a [ s i e s- D i a g r a m s f h e m o s t m p o r t a n t r t e r i a I a r i a t i o n s 93 g u r e s l- F r e q u e n t a r i a t i o n s n t h e L o c a t i o n f i n t e r n a I rg a n s 24 i g -

u r e s i- I n t e g r a t i o n f h i s t o t o g y t l o w m a g n r f i c a t i o n f i m p o r t a n t n -

t e r n a I o rg a n s i n t e s t i n e , i v e r, i d n e y, t c . )

I n o r d e r o i m p r o v e he p r e s e n t a t i o n f t h e k n o w t e d g e , h e f o t -l o w i n g e a t u r e s a v e been n t r o d u c e d :

- C t e a r- c u t r r a n g e m e n t f he chapters cc ord ing o h e d i f f e r -e n t r e g i o n s f h e b o d y

- T h e m a t i c a [ [ yo r r e s p o n d i n g g u r e s r e s e n t e d n doubte ages- A c o n c i s e , e p a r a t e o o k t e t i n c [ u d e d n Vo t u m e 1J c o n t a i n s

t a b t e s o f m u s c t e s , o i n t s a n d n e r ve s , n a b t i n g h e r e a d e r optace t n e x t o a ny i g u r e n h e a t t a s

0ne p a r t i c u t a r i m o f t h e n e w e d i t i o n s t o f a c i t i t a t e i n d i n go fs p e c i f i c t r u c t u r e s . h e S 0 B 0 T TA e p i c t s n a t o m i c a L t r u c t u r e sp r e c i s e l y i t h o u t h e r e a d e r o o s i n g h e g r e a t e r i c t u r e . h er e -f o r e , p e c i f c d idac t ic ooLs ave een mproved nd new a s p e c t sin c [ u e d :- E a c h h a p t e r a s b e e n a L t o c a t e do a p a r t i c u t a r o t o u r- A "menu b a r " o n e a c h d o u b t e age e n s u r e s r e c i s e r i e n t a -

t i o nw i t h i na g i v e n h a p t e r- The n u m b e r o f o u t l i n e s e p i c t i n g p a t i a L r i e n t a t t o n as been

s i g n i fc a n t l . yn c r e a s e d 270 gu es)- O v e r v i e w s f o t a I body egions nsure e n e r a I r i e n t a t i o n- New d i a g r a m s f p a r t i c u L a r u s c t e s t a r i f y h e i r L o c a t i o n nd

c o u r s e 24 i g u r e s l

- C o n f u s i o n s k e p t o a m i n i m u m b y o n t y d e p i c t i n g i m b s o f h er i g h ts i d e o f he body

- " C o m p a s s r o s e s " p o i n t o a d j a c e n t i g u r e s , h u s f a c i t i t a t i n gfotlowing given structure over several . ages

- C o n t i n u o u s e a d e r i n e s a c i l i t a t e i n d i n g f s t r u c t u r e s- C o L o u r e d o t s a t t h e e n d o f l e a d e r i n e s n t o p o g r a p h i c i a -

g r a m s m a r k a r t e r i e s , e i n s , e r v e s , n d m u s c l e s- The i g u r e s n t h e b o o k l e t e t a t e i r e c t l y o t h e f i g u r e s n the

a t [ a s- T h e L a rg e r i m e n s i o n s f h e b o o k m p r o v e L a r i t y

Wi t h h e ex c e p t i o n f d i s c u s s i o n s b o u t he g e n e r a I o n c e p t ft h e a t t a s and mutuaL o r r e c t i o n , h e e d i t o r s avew o r k e d s e p a -r a t e t y n n d i v i d u a Lh a p t e r s , i th he work d iv ided s o t l o w s :R . P u t z : G e n e r a I n a t o m y, p p e r i m b , b r a i n , e y e , e a r, b a c k ,

L o w e r i m b ;R P a b s t : H e a d . neck , horac ic nd a b d o m i n a I a [ t s , h o r a c i c ,

a b d o m i n a I nd p e t v i c i s c e r a .

T h e n c t u s i o n f a [ a rg e n u m b e r of new igures s the r e s u t t oft h e e x t r a o r d i n a r y a p a b i t i t y f h e o t l o w i n g e d i c a L i t t u s t r a t o r s :U L r i k eB r u g g e r, R i j d i g e rH i m m e t h a n n d H o r s t R u B . t i s t ot h e i r c r e d i t h a t h e c l a s s i c S0B0TTAs t y t e " as been e ta ined .S e v e r a I f t h e d i a g r a m s a v e b e e n g e n e r a t e d n t h e c o m p u t e rb y H e n r i e t t e i n t e L e n . e a t s o g r a t e f u t l y c k n o w l e d g e u r c t i n i -c a I c o t t e a g u e s o r m a k i n g c t i n i c a I L t u s t r a t i o n s v a i t a b t e o us{see p i c t u r e c r e d i t s l .W e owe a debt of g r a t i t u d e o o u r c o t -Leagues r o m t h e n s t i t u t e s o r t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g n d h e t p f u l .s u g g e s t i o n s . r . N S o k o l o v n d A . B u c h h o r n ave p u t m e t i c u -l o u s e f f o r t s n t o g e n e r a t i n g h e s p e c i m e n r e p a r a t i o n s . F r y kand G . H o p p m a n n a v e u p p o r t e d s n e x t p r o c e s s i n g .

The s t a f fo f h e e d i t o r i a t f f i c e f E l s e v i e r u b t i s h e r s , n p a r t i c u -

L a rD r.D . Hennessen nd A . G a t t n a r z i k , a s o u r s i n c e r e h a n k s .S o m e of h e c r e a t i v e e v e L o p m e n t f t h e w o r k s a r e su [ t f v e r yf r u i t f u I i s c u s s i o n s . e w o u t d a l s o i k e o t h a n k R. H a u s d o r f ort r e m e n d o u s f f o r t s n t h e p r o d u c t i o n f t h e a t l a s . R . P ut z o -g e t h e r w i t h G . M e i e rw e r e r e s p o n s i b L e o r t h e p r o o f eading nds i m p [ i f i c a t i o nf p a g e d e s i g n n d L e g e n d s . 0 u r p e c i a Lh a n k sg o t o D r. U . 0 s t e r k a m p - B a u s t or g e n e r a t i n g h e i n d e x , n d a | L [o t h e r s n v o t v e d n t h e c o r r e c t i o n s . Wi t h o u r j o i n t e f f o r t s , h eS 0 B 0 T TA as b e e n o n c e m o r e m o d e r n i z e d o t h n c o n t e n t s n ddes ig .

We have nc tuded m a n y o f t h e h e t p f u t u g g e s t i o n s ade overt h e y e a r s b y s t u d e n t s n d c o L [ e a g u e s , nd w o u [ d h e r e f o r e s ka l [ r e a d e r s f t h i s e d i t i o n o pass on o us any c r i t i c i s m r sug-g e s t i o n s n h e n e w o r m a t o f h i s a t t a s .

M u n i c h n d H a n n o v e r, e p t e m b e r 0 05R. P u t z a n d R . P a b s t



Univ. -Prof . r .med. Reinhard utzB o r n n I n n s b r u ck / A u s t r r a

1 9 6 2 - 1 9 6 8 S t u d i e dm e d i c i n e t t h e L e o p o l d - F r a n z e n s - U n i v e r s i t yf I n n s b r u c k1 68 R e c e i v e d d o c t o r a t e1 9 6 8 - 1 9 8 2 U n i v e r s i t y s s i s t a n t t t h e n s t i t u t e f A n a t o m y t t h e U n i v e r s i t y f I n n s b r u c k19781979

L e c t u r e r n ana tomyC o n s u L t a n tor a n a t o m y

g r o w n u p n L u n e D u rgS t u d i e dm e d i c i n e t t h e H a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o t , n d n G l a s q o w / S c o t t a n dU n i v e r s i t y e g r e e n d d o c t o r a t eR e g i s t r a t i o n o p r a c t i s em e d i c i n eS c i e n t i f i c s s o c i a t e n he Depar tment f C t i n i c a I h y s i o l . o g y,n i v e r s i t y f U t mL e c t u r e r o r C L i n i c a Lh y s i o t o g y, n i v e r s i t y f U t m ,and n e w e c t u r e s h i p t t h eH a n n o v e r e d i c a L c h o o lS e n i o r s s i s t a n t n he D e p a r t m e n t f F u n c t r o n a I n d A p p L i e d n a t o m y,H a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o LE x t e n s i o n f h e Venia egendi o incLude n a t o m yH e a d f h e D e p a r t m e n t f To p o g r a p h i c n a t o m y n d B i o m e c h a n i c sH e a d f h e D e p a r t m e n t f F u n c t i o n a l .nd A p p l . i e d n a t o m y, a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o l .P r o r e c t o r or s t u d i e s nd e d u c a t i o n , a n n o v e r e d i c a I chooID e a n f h e H a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o [C h a i r m a n f h e A n a t o m i c a I o c i e t yP r o r e c t o r f R e s e a r c h f h e H a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o LM e m b e r f h e A k a d e m i e e r N a t u r f o r s c h e r n d A r z t e L e o p o L d i n a ]

1982-1989 C h a i ro f h e A n a t o m i c a I n s t i t u t e t t h e A t b e r t - L u d w i g s - U n i v e r s i t yf F r e i b u rgs i n c e 1 9 8 9 C h a i ro f h e A n a t o m i c a I n s t i t u t e t t h e L u d w i g - M a x i m i I i a n s- U n i v e r s i t yf M u n i c h1992-1994 P r e s i d e n t f he European s s o c i a t i o n f C l . i n i c a l .n a t o m i s t s1993 R e g i s t r a t i o n o p r a c t i s em e d i c i n e1998-1999 C h a i r m a n f he A n a t o m i c a L o c i e t v1999 M e m b e r f h e A k a d e m i e e r N a t u r f o r s c h e r nd A r z t e L e o p o t d i n a )2002 D r.h . c . o f h e U n i v e r s i t y f C o n s t a n t a , o m a n i a2003 P r o r e c t o r o f h e L u dw i g - M a x i m i L i a n s - U ni v e r s i t yf M u n i c h

Research nd fietds of interest- F u n c t i o n a I n a t o m y f h e p a s s i v e o c o m o t o r y s t e m- E v o l u t i o n n d u n c t i o n a L a n a t o m yf h e v e r t e b r a L c o t u m n- F o r m - f u n c t i o n - r e l a t i o n sf o i n t s- A p p L i e d n a t o m y a n a t o m i c a L as ics f o r t h o p a e d i c s , u rg e r y, a d i o t o g y l- Q u e s t i o n s b o u t h e c o n t e n t s nd o rg a n i s a t i o n f h e m e d i c a t u r r i c u t u m- D e v e l o p m e n t f d i d a c t i c r a i n i n g r o g r a m m e s t u n i v e r s i t i e s

Univ. -Prof . r .med. Reinhard abstBorn n Posen ,1965-197019701971971-76197

197 -80

19781980-1992s ince 921986-19901993-19971997 19981999-2003200

Research nd ietds of interest- F u n c t i o n a L a n a t o m yf Ly m p h a t i c rg a n s- P r o l i f e r a t i o n n d m i g r a t i o n f Ly m p h o c y t e s- DeveLopment f h e n t e s t i n a L m m u n e y s t e m- F u n c t i o n f he p u t m o n a r y m m u n e y s t e m- Q u e s t i o n s f a c L i n i c a t Lyr i e n t a t e d n a t o m y n h e m e d i c a Lc u r r i c u t u m- E v a [ u a t i o n f e a c h i n q



Picture redi tsThe e d i t o r s i n c e r e t y hank a t t c l i n i c a l o l l e a g u e s h a t m a d e uL -t r a s o u n d , o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c n d m a g n e t i c esonance m a-ges as w e t l as endoscopic nd n t r a o p e r a t i v e i c t u r e s v a i [ a b t e :

P r o f . t t a r a s , e n t r e o r R a d i o L o g y, n i v e r s i t y f G i e B e nI F i 9 . 1 0 0 9 , 1 0 3 1 , 1 0 3 2 ]

D r.B a u m e i s t e r, e p a r t m e n t f R a d i o t o g y, n i v e r s i t y f F r e i b u rgtF i s . 571

P D D r. B u rg k a r d t , 0 r t h o p a e d i c L i n i c ,e c h n i c a L n i v e r s i t y fM u n i c h F i 9 . 1 4 3 1 )

P r o f .B r i i c k m a n n D r. L i n n ,N e u r o r a d i o L o g y,n s t i t u t e o rD i a g n o s t i c a d i o l . o g y,n i v e r s i t y f M u n i c h F i g . 6 6 2 , 7 2 6 , b ,7 2 7 , b l

P r o f .D a n i e t , e p a r t m e n t f C a r d i o t o g y, n i v e r s i t y f E r t a n g e nt F i 9 . 9 9 , 0 0 , 0 1 , 7 3 1

P r o f .D e g e n h a r d t , i e L e f e L d F i g . 1 3 3 , 1 3 5 )P r o f .G a [ a n s k i D r. K i r c h h o ffD e p a r t m e n t f D i a g n o s t i c a d i o L -

o g y, H a n n o v e r e d i c a t c h o o t F i g . 6 2 , 9 6 4 , 1 2 1 2 , 1 2 1 3 )P r o f .G a [ a n s k i D r. S c h i i f e r, e p a r t m e n t f D i a g n o s t i c a d i o L -

o g y, Hannover ed ica l chooL F i g . 71 , b , 9 2 7 , 7 1 , 991,119 , 1204, 1207 12091

P r o f .G e b e [ , e p a r t m e n t f G a s t r o e n t e r o [ o g y, e p a t o t o g y ndE n d o c r i n o t o g y, a n n o v e r e d i c a t c h o o l F i g . 4 2 ,1 0 11 ,1026, 1027 1038, 1039, 107 , 10921

D r.G o e i , a d i o L o g y,e e r t e n , h e N e t h e r l a n d s F i g . 1 5 0 , 1 5 1 )l w i t hp e r m i s s i o n r o m R a d i o L o g y 7 3 ; 3 7 - 1 4 1 : 9 8 9 1

D r.G r e e v e n , t . - E t i z a b e t h - H o s pi t a t , e u w i e d F i g 1 5 0 , 2 3 8 ]P r o f .H o ff m a n n P D D r. B e k t a s , L i n i c o r A b d o m i n a L nd

Tr a n s p L a n t a t i o n u rg e r y, a n n o v e r e d i c a I c h o o t F i g . 028,1 40)

P r o f .H o h t f e l d , [ i n i c o r P n e u m o t o g y, a nn o v e r e d i c a I c h o o lt F i s . 9 2 9 , 9 3 0 )

P r o f . o n a s , U r o t o g y, a n n o v e r edica t chooL F i g . 1 2 a , b ,

11 0 3 )P r o f .K a m p i k& P r o f .M i j L L e r,p h t h a t m o t o g y, n i v e r s i t y fM u n i c h F i g . 5 7 1

D r.K i r c h h o ff D r.We i d e m a n n , e p a r t m e n t f D i a g n o s t i cR a d i o t o g y, a n n o v e r e d i c a t c h o o l . F i g .1 0 4 1 1093,1102,119 , 1 198, 1200, 202, 20s1

P r o f .K r e m e r s , D e p a r t m e n t o r R e s t o r a t i v e e n t i s t r y n dP e r i o d o n t o [ o g y, n i v e r s i t y f M u n i c h F i g .1691

P r o f .K u n z e , o n H a u n e r s c h e s h i L d r e n ' s o s p i t a L , n i v e r s i t y fM u n i c h F i g . 2 7 - 3 3 0 1

D r.M e y e r,D e p a r t m e n t f G a s t r o e n t e r o [ o g y, epa to togy ndE n d o c r i n o t o g y, annover ed icaL choot F i g . 4 4 , 9 8 7 , b ,9 9 2 , 11 4 5 , 11 4 6 1

P r o f .M i j t l e r - Va h [ , e u r o L o g y, a n n o v e r e d i c a I chooLt F i g . 2 8 , b )

P r o f .P f e i f e r, a d i o l . o g y,n s t i t u t e o r D i a g n o s t i c a d i o L o g y,

U n i v e r s i t y f M unich F i g . 9 3 , 9 , 3 1 0 , 1 2 , 4 4 9 ,51 ,

7 69-772, 07-810, 1255, 286, 287, 317, 318)P D D r. R a u , D e p a r t m e n t f R a d i o L o g y, n i v e r s i t y f F r e i b u rg

lFis.912,925,9261

Prof.Ravetli, formerly nstitute fAnaiomy, niversityft n n s D r u c Kl - r 0 .o / J

PDDr.Rieger, adiotogy,ns t i tu teor Diagnos t icad io togy,Univers i tyf MunichFig . 395)

Prof . eich, rofaciaLurgery, n ivers i ty fBonn Fig . 13 , b lProf . eiser Dr.Wagner, ns t i tu teor Diagnos t icadiotogy,

Univers i tyfMunich Fig . 36 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 7 ,57 , 573,57 , 577 7921

Prof. udzki-Janson, epartment f0r thodont ics ,n ivers i tyfM u n i c hF i g . 7 2 , 7 3 l

Dr.Sche ibe , epartment fSurgery, osman osp i taL ,re i sachl F i 9 . 2 8 9 - c l

Prof . cheumann, [ in icorAbdominat nd ransp[an ta t ionSurgery, annover ed ica t choot F ig . 43,244,2451

Prof . ch i l . t inger,epartment fGynaeco[ogy,n ivers i tyfFreiburgFi9 . 1341

Prof . ch t iephake,rofac ia I urgery, d t t ingen

lF ig . 2,196 , 97)Prof . ch tdsser, entre orGynaeco[ogy,annover edicat

Schoot F ig . 132 , b , 1140 , 1 r1,178]Prof . chumacher, euroradiotogy,epartment fRadiotogy,

Univers i tyfFreiburgFi9.461 ,b lDr.Sommer PDDr.Bauer, ad io log is t s ,un ich

IF ig . 62.1290-12921Prof. totz, aediatrics, niversityf MunichFig.1239, a1lPDDr. og t , ad ioLogy,n ivers i tyf MunichFig . 36, 53,

644,6451Prof . oLt ra th ,ar-Nose-Throatepar tment , i inchengLadbach

lFig.229,230,2311Prof .Wagner , Diagnos t ic adiotogyl ,Hannover edicaL

Schoot F ig . 52,1064,1065,069 , 072,11521Prof.Wenz, ormerty epartment f RadioLogy,niversityf

F r e i b u rgF i g . 7 6 8 l

Prof .Wi t t ,Department fNeurosurgery, n ivers i tyf Municht F i g . 0 5 lDr.Wi tLf. ih r,o rmer ly t in icorAbdominaLnd ransp[antat ion

S u rg e r y, a n n o v e r e d i c a Lc h o o tF i g . 0 5 1 )PDDr.Wimmer, epar tment f RadioLogy,n ivers i tyf

F r e i b u rgF i g . 7 9 9 l

Addit ionaLl tus t ra t ions ere obtained rom he ot lowingext -books:

Benninghoff-Drenckhahn:na tomie , and Drenckhahn . ,Hrsg . l , 6 Auf t . , rban Fischer, i . inchen 003 Fig . 23 ,824, 48,849, 50 1

Welsch , . : Lehrbuch is totogie, rban Fischer, i inchen2003 Fig . 22 , 020 , 097 , 122, 1231

Wetsch , . Hrsg . ) : obot ta , t [asHis to l .og ie ,.AufL. ,

Urban& Fischer, ijnchen 002 Fig.1 37, 85, 1 25 a, b)

Wicke , . :Attas er Ri5ntgenanatomie,.Auf t . ,Urban Schwarzenberq, i inchen-Wien-BaLtimore85l F i q . 9 4 3)



Surface I Locomotor ystem ..

Linea ternalis

Lineaparasternalis

Linea xillaris nterior

Lineamedioclavicularis

palmaris

F i g . a - c P [ a n e s n d a x e s .a S a g i t t a t t a n e , [ a n u m a g i t t a [ e , a g i t t a I a n d o n g i t u d i n a I x esb Transverse tane = horizontaI tane), Ptanum ransversate, ransverse nd sagit tal axesc F r o n t a l L a n e = c o r o n a I t a n e ] , t a n u m r o n t a l e , o n g i t u d i n a tnd ransverse x es

Linea mediana anterior

567

123

Sagitlal planeMedian sagittal planeFrontal planeTransverse plane

Sagittal xisI ansverse xlsLongitudinalxi s

Lineamediana osterior

Linea oaravertebralis

cranialis(= superior)

lateralis

radialis

ulnaris

msdialisproximalis

caudalis(= nferior)

fibularis

tibialis

F i g .2 a , b O r i e n t a t i o n i n e s f h e h u m a n b o d y ndt e r m s o f d i r e c t i o n n d o o s i t i o n .a VentraI iew ventralis , nterior]b D o r s a I i e w d o r s a [ i s , o s t e r i o r )

Linea scapularis

Linea axillaris osteriot

dorsalis

>Generat natomy

plantaris



> GeneraI natomy

Parts f the human body

Surface I Locomotor ys

F i g .3 S u r f a c e n a t o m y f h e m a [ e . F i g , , S u r f a c e n a t o m y f h e e m a [ e .



Metabotic ystems

Parts of the human bodv

Membrumsupenus

brachium

F i g .5 S u r f a c e n a t o m y f h e m a t e . F i g .6 S u r f a c e n a t o m y f t h e e m a t e .



>General natomy

Regions f the human body

Surface I Locomotor ys

Begiosternocleidomastoidea

Regio deltoidea

Regio cervicalis anterior

Regio ervicalis ateralis

Trigonum lavipectorale

Regio presternalis

Regiopectoralisegio xillaris

Regiomammaria

Regio rachii nterior

Regio ubitalis nterior,Fossa ubitalis

Regioantebrachii osterior

Regioantebrachii nterior

Regio nframammaria

Regio epigastricaRegio hypochondriaca

Begio mbilicalis

Regio bdominalisateralis

Regio nguinalis

Regio pubica [Hypogastrium]

Regio rogenitalis

Dorsummanus

Trigonumemoris

Regio emoris nterior

Regio enus nterior

Dorsum edis

F i g . 7 Regions f he human body, R e g i o n e s o r p o r i s .



Metabotic ystems

Regions f the human body

Reglo deltoidea

Regio capularis

Begio axillaris

Regio parietalis

Regio occipitalis

Regio ervicalis osterior

Regio ertebralis

Regio nfrascapularisRegio brachii osterior

Regio ubitalis osterior

Regio ntebrachii nterior

Regio antebrachii osterior

Palma Volal

Regio glutealis

Begio emoris osterior

CalxIRegio alcanea]

F i g . 8 R e g i o n s f h e h u m a n b o d y,R e g i o n e s o r p o r i s .



> GeneraI natomy

Skeleton

Ossa arsi

F i g ,9 O v e r v i e w f he s k e l e t o n ,Systema keteta[e.

Ossa arsi

F i g .1 0 O v e r v i e w f h e s k e L e t o n ,Svstema ke[etate.

Mandibula

Columna ertebralis(Pars ervicalis)

Clavicula

Scapula

Humerus

Columna ertebralis(Pars umbalis)

Radius

Ulna

Os coxae

Ossa carpi

Ossameracarpl

Ossa

Columna ertebralis(Pars horacica)

Os sacrum

Oscoccygrs

digitorumlPhalangesl

Ossa metatarsi

Parts of the human body

Head, apu tNeck, Co[[umTrunk, TruncusT h o r a x , h o r a xA b d o m e n , b d o m e nPetv i s , eLvisUpper imb, Membrum uperiusS h o u t d e r i r d L e ,i n g u t u m e c t o r a L eC i n g u l u m e m b r is u p e r i o r i s l ; r m ,P a r s i b e r a e m b r i u p e r i o r i sLower imb, Membrum nferiusP e L v i ci r d L e , i n g u L u me L v i c u mC i n g u t u m e m b r ii n f e r i o r i s l ;e g , a r s i b e r a e m b r i n f e r i o r i s

Locomotor ys





>> I Surface I Locomotor ysPassive ocomotor ystem

13.-15.

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Fig.14 Appearance f ossification entres an dsynossification t the epiphyses f the lower imbl m e a n s c c o r d i n g o v. L A N Z , 9 5 5 ; X N E R ,990;HEUCK nd BAST, 994).

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Talus . EMCalcaneus .-6. EMOs naviculare . YOs cuboideum 0. EM

F i g .1 3 A p p e a r a n c e f o s s i f i c a t i o n e n t r e s n ds y n o s s i fc a t i o n t t h e epiphyses f he upper L i m bI m e a n s c c o r d i n g o v . L A N Z , 9 5 5 ; X N E R ,990;H E U C Knd B A S T, 9 9 4 J .

17.-18.

3 . -4 . Y

15.- 1 Y

5. EM

8. EM

9. EW

Os cuneiformemediale .-3. YOs cuneiforme ntermedium .-4. YOs cuneiforme aterale 2. M

13.-15.

7 . -8 . Y

6.-7 . EM

16.-18.

13. -154.-6 . Y



MetaboIic ystemsActive ocomotor ystem

F i g .1 5 F i b r o u s o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i ofibrosa, xemplified y he sutureso f h e s k u t t .

Linea epiphysialis

Vagina ynovialis

F i g . 1 6 C a r t i [ a g i n o u so i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o a r t i t a g i n e a , x e m p t i fe db y h e p u b i c one ymphysis .

Fig .17 0sseous jo in t ,Ar t icu[a t iossea , xempI i f iedbv he sacrum.

1

1 b

3456789

l 0

SynovialmembraneSynovialntima, ntimaSubintimalayer, ubintimaFibrousmembraneA-cells macroohaqes)B-cells fibroblasts)Fat cellsCapillary essels with enestrationVenulesLymphaticsNervesCollagen ibres

Membrana ibrosalstratum ibrosuml

CapsulaarticularisMembrana vnovialis

lstratum synbviale]

Labrum rticulare

Recessus rticularis

Membrana ynovialislstratum synoviale]

Membrana ibrosalstratum ibrosum]

Capsulaarticularis

Fig.18 a, b Synovial.oint,Articutatioynoviatis,xemplifedby he shoutdero in t .a Sect ion n he scapu[ar taneb Structure f he o in t apsu[e* The oint cavi ty, avi tas r t icutar is , s i t [us t ra ted roader o

enhance is ib i t i ty.



> GeneraI natomy

Joints

t t

F i g . 19 a - g J o i n t s , u n c t u r a e y n o v i a L e s .a H i n g e o i n t , r t i c u L a t i oy I i n d r i c ab Conoid o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o o n o i d e ac P i v o t o i n t . r t i c u L a t i o r o c h o i d e a

Planum sagittale,Axis ransversalis

Flexio,Anteversio

d C o n d y l a r o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t i ov o i d e ae S a d d L e o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o e L t a r i sf S p h e r o i d a I o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o p h e r o i d e a

g P t a n e o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t i oLana

F i g . 2 0 S p h e r o i d a t o i n t h i p o i n t l ,A r t i c u t a t i o p h e r o i d e a A r t i c u [ a t i ooxael .

Rotatio externa

Rotatio nterna



Metabolic ystems I Control ysterns | Sl t inActive ocomotor ystem

'1 Line of forceof the muscle

2 Virtual ever ar mof the muscle

3 Axis of rotationof the,oint

Muscles

(Cavitas ynovialis)

Mesotendineum

Phalanx media

F i g . 2 2 S t r u c t u r e f a t e n d o n h e a t h , a g i n a e n d i n i s ,e x e m p t i fe d b y a f n g e r.

d M u s c u [ u s t a n u s

Epitendineum

F i g . 2 1 0 rg a n i s a t i o n r i n c i p l e f ske le taL uscLes ,e x e m p t i f i e d y he b r a c h i a Im u s c l e , M . b r a c h i a t i s .

a Muscutus u s i f o r m i s b M u s c u L u s i c e p s c Musc ul us i ve nt er

Fig. 23 a-g Types f musctesa S i n g L e e a d ,

p a r a L t e I uscLe i b r e sb D o u b t e e a d ,

p a r a l l e ImuscLe i b r e sc Doubl.e etty,

p a r a L [ e I uscLe i b r e sd M u L t i - h e a d ,t a t m u s c l ee M u l . t i - b e L t yu s c t e w i t h

t e n d i n o u s n t e r s e c t i o n sf U n i p e n n a t e u s c t eg B i p e n n a t e u s c t e Musculusn te rsec tus f M u s c u l u s s e m i p e n n a t u s g Muscutus ennatus



> GeneraI natomy

Skeletal uscles

Surface I Locomotor yst

Mm capitis et colli

) U p p . t t , 7 0 t l , 1 0 5 f , 1 8 f f

lvlm horacis tMm abdominis

F i g . 2 1 O v e r v i e w f h e s k e t e t a lm u s c t e s





> GeneraI natomy

Digestive nd respiratory ystem

Surface I Locomotor ysDigestivesystem Respiratorysy

Oesophagus

Intestinumcrassum

Hepar-

Pancreas

Vesica biliaris fellea]

Canalis analis

Anus

Fig.26 0verview of the digestive ystem,

Sinus aranasales

Lobus uperior

L,,'oJ

sinister

Fig.27 Overview f the respiratory ystem.

Lobus nferior



Urinary ract Genitat ystem 0rgan projections

Organaunnana

Vesica rinaria

Urethra asculina

Organa genitaliamasculina externa

Organa genitaliatemtntna externa

ClitorisLabiumminus

pudendiLabiummajus

pudendi

Penis

Urethra asculina

Scrotum

Ductus eferens

Glandula esiculosaDuctus eferensProstataGlandulabulbourethralis

Epididymis

Ductus elerensTestis

Organa genitaliamasculina nterna

Organa genitaliafeminina nterna

Organaunnafla

F i g .2 8 O v e r v i e w f he u r i n a r y n d g e n i t a I y s t e mo f h e m a t e .

F i g . 2 9 O v e r v i e w f h e u r i n a r y n d g e n i t a l y s t e mo f h e e m a t e .



>Generat natomy

lnternal organs, rojection

Oesophagus

F i g . 3 1 P r o j e c t i o n f h e n t e r n a I rg a n s n t othe surface of the body.

Locomotor ystDigest ive ystem Respiratory ys

Cor

Diaphragma

Hepar

Gaster

Splen Lien]Pancreas

DuodenumJejunum

Ren

Colon

Appendix ermiformis

F i g . 3 0 P r o j e c t i o n f h e n t e r n a l rg a n s n i ot h e s u r f a c e f h e body



Metabolic ystems I Control ystems I SkinUrinary ract GenitaI ystem Organ rojections

Inte n a o ga ns,p ojection

Hepar

Gaster

Vesica biliaris

Splen Lien]

Colon

Re n

Intestinumenue

F i g . 3 2 P r o j e c t i o n f h e n t e r n a L rg a n s n t ot h e s u r f a c e f h e b o d v.

F i g . 3 3 P r o j e c t i o n f h e n t e r n a l rg a n s n t othe surface of the bodv.



GeneraI natomy

Arteries

Surface I Locomotor ystCardiovascutarsystem Nervous yst

A. carotis ommunis

A subclavia

Truncus rachiocephalicusArcus aortae

Pars scendens ortae[Aortaascendens]

Cor

Pars descendens ortae Aortadescendens],Pars horacica ortae Aorta horacica]

Truncus oeliacus

A mesenterica uoerior

A renalis

Pars descendens aortae [Aorta descendens],Pars abdominalis aortae [Aorta abdominalis]

A. esticularis*

Bifurcatio ortae

A mesenterica nferior

A iliaca ommunis

A iliaca externa

A iliaca nterna

A, ibialis osterior

A t ibialis nterior

A fibularis

A dorsalis edis

F i g .34 O v e r v i e w f h e a r t e r i e s f h es y s t e m i c i r c u L a t i o n .x In he emate: varian rtery, ovarica



Metabot ic ys temsEndocr ine roans

1 A subclavia2 A thoracica nterna3 Truncus hyrocervicalis

4 Truncus ostocervicalis5 A vertebralis

'1 A carotiscommunis 7 A facialis2 A carotisexterna 8 A occipitalis3 A. carotis nterna 9 A auricularis osterior4 A. hyroidea uperior 10 A. emporalis5 A. pharyngea superficialis

ascendens 11 A. maxillaris6 A l ingual is

1 Pars scendens ortae2 Bulbus ortae3 Aa coronariae4 Arcus aortae5 lsthmus ortae6 Truncusbrachiocephalicus7 A carotis ommunis inistraI A subclaviasinistra9 A carotis ommunis extra

10 A subclaviadextra11 A. carotis nterna12 A carotisexterna'13 Pars horacica ortae'14 Pars bdominalis ortae15 A. sacralis ediana16 Bifurcatio ortae17 A i l iacacommunis18 A i l iacainterna19 A i l iacaexterna

F i g . 3 5 a - g A o r t a , A o r t a , n d g r e a t e ra tenes ;s c h e m a f h e b r a n c h i n g a t t e r n .a Aorta, Aortab S u b c t a v i a n r t e r y, s u b c t a v i ac ExternaI arotid artery, A. carotis externad C o e t i a c r u n k ,Tr u n c u s o e t i a c u se S u p e r i o r n d n f e r i o r m e s e n t e r i c r t e r y,

A a . m e s e n t e r i c a e u o e r i o r t n f e r i o rf E x t e r n a L i L i a cr t e r y, . L i a c a x t e r n ag I n t e r n a I L i a c r t e r y, i t i a c a n t e r n a

1 A. iliaca communis2 A iliaca nterna3 A iliaca externa4 A epigastrica nferior5 A circumflexa lium profunda6 R pubicus

1 A il iaca ommunis 8 Aa sacrales aterales2 A iliaca xterna I A.glutea uperior3 A. liaca nterna 10 A umbilicalis,4 A obturatoria Pars patens5 A. pudenda nterna 11 A. vesicalis nferior6 A. glutea nferior 12 A. rectalis edia7 A, liolumbalis

1 Trunc us oeliacus2 A gastrica inistra3 A hepatica ommunis4 A splenica

1 A mesentericasupenor

2 A pancreatico-duodenalis nlerior

3 Aa jejunales4 Aa ileales5 A. ileocolica

6 A colica dextra7 A colica media8 A. mesenterica nferior9 A colica sinistra

10 Aa sigmoideae11 A rectalissuperior



>GeneraI natomy

Veins

V jugularis xternaV jugularis nteriorV jugularisnterna

V brachioceohalica extra

V axillaris

V cephalica

V basilica

Vv brachiales

V mediana ubiti

V testicularis extra*

V iliaca ommunis

V iliaca nterna

V iliacaexterna

V saphena agna

F i g .36 O v e r v i e w f he veins f h e s y s t e m i cc cu Lati nS u p e r f i c i a I e i n s r e t I u s t r a t e d nt h e r i g h t e g a n d deep e ins n h e e f t .* In he ema[e: varian ein. . ovarica

V brachioceDhalica inistra

V subclavia

V cava uperior

V thoracica nterna

W hepaticae

V testicularis inistra'

V portae hepatis

V splenica

V mesenterlca nferior

V mesenterica uperior

V cava nlerior

V saphena arva

V tibialis nterior

V tibialis osterior

[.-ocomotorysCardiovascular system Nervoussystem



Metabotic ystemsEndocr ine rgans

F i g . 3 7 S u p e r i o r e n a a v a , . c a v a u p e r i o r ;s c h e m a f t h e r i b u t a r i e s

(Sinus valvulae) (Sinus valvulae)

Valvulae venosae

F i g . 3 9 F u n c t i o n a I r i n c i p l . ef venous a tves .T h e a r r o w s p o i n t i n g p w a r d s n d i c a t e h e l o wof blood. The vatves tose uoon backftow f theb [ o o d a r r o w s o i n t i n g o w n w a r d s )

Fig, 38 Inferior ena cava, V. cava nferior;s c h e m a f h e r i b u t a r i e s .

1 R sinister

1 V cava uperior2 V brachiocephalica extra3 V brachiocephalica inistra4 V jugularis nterna5 V subclavia

6 V azygos7 Vv. ntercostales osteriores8 V hemiazygos ccessoria9 V hemiazygos

1 V cava nferior2 V. sacralis ediana3 V iliaca ommunis4 V iliaca nterna5 V iliaca xterna6 V phrenica nferior7 W hepaticae

8 V renalis9 V testicularis/ovarica

10 V suprarenalis11 W int ercostales osteriores.12 V lum balis scendens13 W lu mbales14 V iliolumbalis

9 V rectalis uperior10 Vv sigmoideae11 V colica inistra12 V colicamedia13 V gastroomentalis inistra14 V mesenterica nferior15 V splenica16 V gastrica inistra

2 B. dexter3 V portae hepatis4 V gastrica extra5 V gastroomentalis extra6 V colicadextra7 V mesenterica uperior8 Vv. eiunales t le i

F i g . 4 0 H e p a t i c o r t a I e i n ,V.p o r t a e e p a t i s .



V i l i aca ommunis

V umbi l i ca l i s

Aa umbrlrcales

Placenta

F i g .11 S c h e m a f o e t a I i r c u L a t i onThe d i f f e r e n t o L o u r sn d i c a t e h e o x v q e n o n t e n t n h e b L o o d :r e d = r i c h n oxygen,b L u e p o o r n oxygen,o u r o L e m i x e d bLood.A r r o w s n d i c a t e he d i r e c t i o n f h e b t o o d L o w* S h o r t - c i r c u i te t w e e nh e i g h t n d he e f t t r i u m** S h o r t - c i r c u i te t w e e nhe u t m o n a r yrunk nd he a r c h f a o r t a* * * S h o r t - c i r c u i tb e t w e e nh e u m b i [ i c a Ie i n n d h e n f e r i o r ena ava

l"-* wm"r tm $y,$

Aa pulmonales

Ventriculus ordis inister

Septum nterventriculare

Ventriculus ordis exter

Pars thoracica aortae [Aorta thoracica]

Truncus oeliacus

A mesenterica uperior

Aa renales

Aa lumbales

Pars abdominalis aortae Aorta abdominalis]

A mesenterica nferior

Bifurcatio odae

A i l i aca ommunis

A iliaca externa

A iliaca nterna

Aa umbr l r ca l e s

Vesica rinaria

C o n v e r s i o n r o m f o e t a L o o o s t n a t a I c i r c u L a t i o n :+ The v a L v e - [ i k eo n n e c t i o n e t w e e n he r i g h tand h e e f t a t r i u m i a

t h e o r a m e n v a t e s p a s s i v e Ly[ o s e d t he o n s e t f r e s p i r a t o r ya c t i v i t yn h e u n g s

* * The d u c t u s r t e r i o s u s a o TA r r o ] , n h e o t h e r h a n d , t o s e s n t yd u r i n g h e i r s t m o n t h s f L i f e s t s u m e n r a d u a L t yb [ i t e r a t e s ye o i t h e t i a Lr o t i f e r a t i o nn d n c r e a s e d e n s i o n f h e w a I L

* * * T h ed u c t u s e n o s u s A R A N T I U S Jb L i t e r a t e sf t e rb i r t ha n d b e c o m e st h e i g a m e n t u m e n o s u m n h e p o r t a I r e a o f h e i v e r.

> GeneraI natomy

Foetal irculation

Arcus aortae

Truncus rachiocephalicus

V cava uperior

Foramen ovale

Atrium ordis extrum

V cava nferior

Vv hepaticae

. ' /III

Vesica biliaris

V umbi l i ca l i s

V cava inlerior



Metabotic ystems I Control ystems I SkinEndocr ine rgans

Truncus ugularis

V jugularisnternaDuctus ymphaticus exter

(Angulus enosus)

V subclavia

Truncus ronchomediastinalis

Truncus ubclavius

Nodi ymphoidei axillares

Nodi ymphoidei pelvisparietales et viscerales

Nodi ymphoidei nguinales

Vasa lymphatica

Nodi ymphoideiaxillares

Nodi ymphoidei ervicales


F i g . 4 3 a , b D r a i n a g e r e a s fr e g i o n a [ y m p h nodesT h e d r a i n a g e f r e g i o n a l y m p hn o d e sv a r i e s o n s i d e r a b [ y e t w e e n n d i v i d u a [ s .T h e y v e r l a p n d r a i n i n g o y m p h n o d e so f h e p s i t a t e r a I s wetL s of hec o n t r a [ a t e r a Li d eof he bodv.

Ductus horacicus

Pars bdominalisCisterna hyli

Trunci ntestinales

Trunci umbales

Fig. 1,2 Overview f theLy m p h a t i c y s t e m .

Nodi ymphoideicervicales laterales

Lymphatic



>Generat natomy Surface I Locomotor yst

Systema ervosumcentrale

Truncus erebri

Medulla spinalis

Fig, r l Overview f the centraI an dperipheraI ervous ystem.

Systema ervosumperiphericum

c 12J

4

5

6

7

8

T 1

3

45

o

7

I

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

L I

4

5S 1

2

3

5

C c 1

Plexuscervicalis

Plexusbrachialis

Nn inter-costales

Plexuslumbalis

Plexussacralis



Endocr ine rgans

Cerebrum

Pons

Cerebellum

Nn, craniales

I Nn.olfactoriill N.opticuslll N.oculomotoriuslV N trochlearisV N. rigeminusVl N.abducensVll N. acialisVlll N. vestibulocochlearislX N. glossopharyngeusX N. vagusXl N.accessoriusXll N. hypoglossus

F i g . 4 5 O v e r v i e w o f t h e b r a i n an dt h e c r a n i a I n e rv e s .

Plexus ervicalis

Plexus rachialis

VI

vil,vill

N hypoglossus Xlll

XI

Medulla oblongata

lvledulla pinalis

N occipitalis minor

Nhypoglossus Xll]N auricularis agnus

N transversus olliAnsa ervicalis, adix uperiorAnsa ervicalis, adix nferior

(R trapezius)

N dorsalis capulaeN phrenicus

Nn supraclaviculares

N. suprascapularisN subscapularis

N subclaviusFasciculus osterior

N. axillarisN thoracodorsalisFasciculus ateralis

N thoracicusongusN radialis

Fasciculus edialis

N. musculocutaneu s

N medianus

N. ulnar is

N. cutaneus antebrachii medialisN. cutaneus brachii medialis

Truncussupenor

Truncusmeorus

Truncusinferior

N thoracicus T2],N intercostalis

Fig.46 Overview f the cervicala n d b r a c h i a I l e x u s , t e x u s e r v i c a t i se t b r a c h i a [ i s .

N. ntercostobrachialis



Pe i phe a n e vou syste m

N. subcostalis

R. cutaneus ateralis

N iliohypogastricusN ilioinguinalis

N. femoralis

N obturatoriusTruncus umbosacralis

N gluteus uperior

N. gluteus nferior

N cutaneus emoris osterior

N. pudendusNn.anales rectales]nferiores

Fig,17 Overview f he umbosacral lexus,PLexusumbosacra l . i sP[exusumbaList sac ra t i s ] ,and he coccygeaLlexus , Lexusoccygeus .

Ganglion runcisympathici

N splanchnicusmaJor

Nn. spinales

Nn. ceruicalesNn thoraciciNn. lumbalesNn. sacralesN coccygeus

R. cutaneusanterior

F i g . 4 8 S c h e m a f s p i n a l nervese x e m o t i fed bv wo horac ic e rves .

L5

S 1

Plexus umbalis

Plexus acralis

Plexuslumbosacralis

N coccygeusN anococcygeus

Ganglion ensoriumnervi pinalis

Truncus ervispinalis

Locomotor ysCardiovascutarsystem Nervoussys



Metabotic ystems I Controt ystems I St<inEndocrine rgans

Ganglion ceruicalesupenus

N splanchnicus ajor

Rr. ommunicantes

N splanchnicus inor

Truncus ympathicus;Ganglia horacica

Truncus vmpathicus:Gan6tia umbalia

Medulla oblongata

A. carotis ommunis

A subclavia

N laryngeus ecurrens exter

Arcus aortae; Plexus ardiacus

Pars ascendens ortae

Pars horacica ortae

Truncus oeliacus;Plexus oeliacusGanglia oeliaca

A. renalis; lexus enalis

A mesenterica uperior;Plexusmesentericus uoerior

Pars bdominalis ortae;Plexus orticus bdominalis

A. mesenterica nferior;Plexusmesentericus nferior

Plexus ypogastricus uperior

A iliacacommunis

N hypogastricus

Plexus ypogastricus nferior

N. oculomotorius ll

N facialis Vll]

N glossopharyngeuslx l

N vagus X]

Truncus agalis nterior

Truncus agalis osterior

Plexus esophageus

N cardiacusceruicalis uperior

Ganglion ervicalemedium

N. cardiacuscervicalis edius

Ganglionceruicothoracicum

lstellatumlAnsa subclavia

N cardiacusceruicalisnferior

Ganglion mpar

F i g .1 9 S y m p a t h e t i c a r t o f h e a u t o n o m o u sn e r v o u s y s t e m , a r s y m p a t h i c aThe e n t i r e y s t e m f s y m p a t h e t i cA a n g L i a n d h e i rconnect ions o c a t e d t o n g h e v e r t e b r a l o t u m n r e e f e r r e dt o a s s y m p a t h e t i c r u n k ,Truncus y m p a t h i c u s g r e e n l .

Pars ranialis

Pars pelvica

Radix parasympathicaINn splanchnicipelvicil

Ganglia pelvica

F i g .5 0 P a r a s y m p a t h e t i c a r t of he au tonomousnervous ystem, Pars parasympathicaP a r a s y m p a t h e t i c b r e s v i o L e t ls u a l . t yr a v e I [ o n g w i t h o t h e rn e r v e i b r e s .

Nn splanchnici umbales

Nn splanchnicisacrates



>General natomy

Auto omous n e vou svstem

N. oculomotoriusllllN. acialis Vll]

N. glossopharyngeus lX lN vagus X]

Surface I Locomotor ystCardiovascutar ystern Nervoussyst

Pars parasympathicaPars ympathica

Truncus ympathicus

Ganglion coeliacum

Ganglion esentericumsuperlus

Ganglion esentericuminferius

F i g , 5 1 P e r i p h e r a l a r t s o f h e a u t o n o m o u snervous ystemS y m p a t h e t i c i b r e s f h e i m b s r a v e Lalong w i t h a r t e r i e s .

Nn. splanchnici pelvici



Metabolic ystems I Control. ystems I St<inEndocr ine rgans

Pars ympathica

Truncussympathicus

Pars arasympathica

N oculomotoriusllll

N tacialis Vll]

N. glossopharyngeusilXl

N vagus X]

Nn splanchnicipelvici

Fig. 52 Overview f the functions f thea u t o n o m o u s e r v o u s y s t e m .

Auto omous ne vou svstem



Surface I Locomotor ystCardiovascutarsystem Nervous yst

F i g .5 4 E n d o c r i n e rg a n s f h e e m a t e .

Glandula inealisloorpus pinealel

- HypophysislGlandula ituitarial

Hypothalamus

Glandulaeparathyroideae

superior t nferior

Glandula hyroidea

Thymus

Glandulasuprarenalis

Insulae ancreaticae

Ren

Ovarium

lntestinum

F i g .5 3 E n d o c r i n e rg a n s f h e m a t e .



Metabolic ystems I Control ystems I SKnEndocrine rgans

Stratumcorneum

CoriumlDermisl

Stratum orneum(strictu ensu)

Stratum ucidumStratum ranulosum

Stratum pinosumStratum asale

Stratum apillare

Stratum eticulare

Vasa ymphaticasuperficialia

Subcutis

(Plexus asalis ermalis)

(Plexus vasalissubdermalis)

Nn cutanei

Fascia

Musculus

Vas ymphaticum rofundum

(Plexus asalissubcutaneus)

(Plexus asalisepifascialis)

(A V subfascialis)

(A.;V. ntraseptalis)

F i g . 5 5 S e c t i o n h r o u g h h e s k i n ;a p p r o x i m a t e Ly1 - f o t dm a g n i f c a t i o n

Margo iber

Corpus nguis

Hyponychium

Matrix nguis

Vallum nguis

F i g .57 D i s t a I h a t a n x f a d i g i t ;t h e n a i I has b e e n p a r t t y e m o v e d .

Aponeurosis orsalis

Articulationterphalangeadistalis

Capsula rticularis

F i g . 5 8 D i s t a I p h a [ a n x o f a d i g i t ,P h a [ a n x d i s t a l . i s ;^ ^ ^ ; + + ^ l - ^ ^ + ; ^ ^J O g r r t o L > t r L U U t t .

Eponychium

F i g .5 6 D i s t a I h a t a n x f a d i g i tw i t h i n g e r n a i t .* The p i d e r m i sf h en a i I s a l s o

known s cuticte.

Skin nd ingernails

Corpus nguis Eponychium



> Head Surface lSkete tonl Musc

Regio orbitalis

Regio nlraorbitalisRegio zygomatica

Regio oralis

Regio buccalis

Trigonum ubmentale

Trigonum ubmandibulareiigonum ubmentale )?igonum ubmandibulare I l-"-9i9-,,-rrisonumaroticum I ffii:',"#"/Trigonum musculare

omotracheale],

f Trigonum ubmandibulare. . . 1

""n'"t"#i i';?

] rrisonumaroticumI rr'nonrr musculare omotracheale]

Regio rontalis

Regio orbitalis

Regio asalis

Regio

Regio nfraorbitalis

Regio ralis

Regio uccalis

Regio mentalis

Fossa uoraclavicularis inor

F i g .5 9 R e g i o n s f h e head and h e n e c k ,R e g i o n e s a p i t i s t c o t l i .

Regio sternocleidomastoidea


Trigonumomoclavrculare

Regio arietalis

Regio emporalis

Regio sternocleidomastoidea

Regio ervicalis osterior

Trigonumomoctavrcutare

Regio deltoidea

F i g . 5 0 R e g i o n s f h e h e a d and he n e c k ,R e g i o n e s a p i t i s t c o [ [ i .

) Regio ..I cervrcails

J lateralis



Topography

Arcus ygomaticus

Apertura iriformis

F i g .61 S k u L [ , r a n i u m .



Maxilla,Proc frontalis

Sutura ontolacrimalis

Sutura phenofrontalis

Margo upraorbitalis

Sutura oronalis

Os parietale,Angulus phenoidalis

Maxilla,Proc alveolaris

Spina nasalis anterior

Foramen entale

Sutura nternasalis

Corpusmandibulae

Os temporale

Concha nasalis nferior

Mand ibu la

Os lacrimale

Surface lSkete tonl Muscl

Sutura rontonasalis

Sutura ontomaxillaris

Foramen upraorbitale

Os parietale

Suturasphenoparietalis

Os sphenoidale,

Alamajor,Facies rbitalis

Os emporale

Sutura rontozygomatica

Os acrlmale

Suturasphenozygomatica

Sutura asomaxillaris

Foramen infraorbitale

Concha nasalis media


Ramus mandibulae

Sutura ntermaxillaris

Vomer

Os ethmoidale

Os parietale

Os sphenoidale

of he skull

Os rontale,

Squama rontalisOs nasale

Os sphenoidale,Alamajor

Os rontale,Pars rbitalis

Os rontale,Proc zygomaticus

Fissuraorbitalis uperior

Os sphenoidale,Ala minor

Os sphenoidale,Ala major

Os zygomaticum

Fissura rbitalisnferior

Margo nfraorbitalis

Sutura ygomaticomaxillaris

. f Os ethmoidaleseprum asr ]osseum

\ vomer

f,, iis rontale

Os nasale

Maxilla

Xos zygomaticum

F i g . 6 2 Bones f h e s k u [ t , s s a c r a n i i .



Bones f the skull

Os parietaleSutura quamosa

Linea emporalis

Suturasphenozygomatica

Suturaf ontozygomatica

US

Sutura oronalis

Foramen mentale

Linea emporalis uperior

Linea emooralis nferior

Tuber parietale

Suturasquamosa

Suturaparieto-mastoideautura

f ontolacrimalis

Os acrimaleSuturalambdoideautura

lacflmo-maxillaris

Os nasale

Suturanaso-

maxillaris

Spinanasalrsanterior

Sutura ccioitomastoidea

Suturazygomatico-

maxillaris

Suturatemporo-

zygomatica

Porus acusticus xternus

Condylus ccipitalis

Proc styloideus

Os acrimale

Os zygomaticum

Os sphenoidale

Os ethmoidale

Protuberantiamentalis

Os frontale

Os parietale

Os occipitale

Os nasale

II

,,|:

X

Os emporale

Maxilla

Mandibula

F i g . 5 3 B o n e s f h e s k u L t , s s a r a n i i .



> Head

Bones f he skull

Tuber rontale

Sutura coronalis

Llneatemporalis

supenor

Sutura agittalis

Lrneatemporalis

interior

Tuberparietale

Foramen parietale

Sutura ambdoidea

Os nasale

Os frontale

Musc

Os parietale

Os occipitale

F i g . 6 1 B o n e s f h e s k u L L , ss a r a n i i ;s u p e n o r r e w.



Topography

Bones f the skull

Sutura agittalis

Foramen arietale

Sutura ambdoidea

(Sutura ccipitalistransversa, ar.)

Suturasquamosa

Ossa uturalia

Os occipitale

Suturaparietomastoidea

Suturaoccipitomastoidea

Foramenmastoideum

Incisura mastoidea

Proc, tyloideus

Linea nuchalis nferior Protuberantiaoccipitalis xterna

Iosparietate

Linea nuchalis suDerior

Os emporale

F i g .6 5 B o n e s f h e s k u I t , ssa c r a n i i ;o o s t e r i o r i e w.

(Os nterparietale;Os ncae)



> Head

Bones f he skull

Sutura oronalis

Dorsum ellae

Sella urcica

Foramen arietale

Lamina etForamina cribrosa

Sinus rontalis

Foramencaecum

Crista galli

Os nasale --1p.............

Osethmoidale,

Lamtnaperpen-dicularis

Sinussphenoidalis

Cana l i sInc t s tvus

Procpalatinus,

Cristanasalrs

Sulcus inus ransversiSulcus inus igmoidei

Foramen mastoideum

Porus t Meatus custicus nternus

Canalis nervi hypoglossi

Proc styloideus

Proc pterygoideus, amina medialis

Proc pterygoideus, amina ateralisProc pterygoideus, ossa terygoidea

F i g . 6 5 B o n e s f h e s k u l t , s s a r a n i i ;m e d i a t v i e w.

Os palatinum

Hamulus terygoideus

Os frontale

Os parietale

Os occipitale

Os nasale

Os sphenoidale

Os emporale

l\ilaxilla

Vomer

Os palatinums ethmoidale

t t ua

Sulci rteriosi

Os temporale,Pars squamosa

Eminent iaarcuata

Squamaoccipitalis

Protuberantiaoccipitalisexterna



Topography

Bones f the skull

Sulcus inus agittalis uperioris

Sutura oronalis

Sulcus inus agittalissupenons

crista rontalis

Os occipitale

Foveolae ranulares

Sutura ambdoidea

Iosparietate

Fig. 67 Calvaria, aLvaria;i ^ + ^ - ^ ^ l ^ - ^ ^ ^ +i l t t c t I d t d > P c L ( .

Os frontale Os occipitale



Head

Bones f he skull

Proc clinoideusposterior

Fissura rbitalis uperior

Os sphenoidale, la minor

Foramen otundum

Lingula phenoidalis

Foramen acerum

Foramen ovale


Tuberculum ellae

rmpressrones yrorum

Dorsum sellae

Foramen caecumAla cristae galli

Os ethmoidale

Os sphenoidale

t h e b a s e of he skuLt ,

Crista galli

Lamina et Foramina cribrosa

Os sphenoidale, orpus

Canalis opticus

Crista rontalis

ISutura phenof ontalis

Fossa hypophysialis

P roc c l ino ideusan te r io r

Sulcus aroticus

Sutura

Foramensprnosum

spnenosquamosa

Sulcusarteriosus

Fissurapetrooccipitalis

Spina ssissphenoidalis

Sulcus inuspetrosiinferioris

Os emporale,Pars

squamosa

Sulcus ervipetrosiminoris

Sulcus ervipetrosimajoris

Margo uperiorpartispetrosae

Fissuraperro-squamosa

PorusacusticusInternus

Margo uperiorpartispelrosae

Foramenlugurares temporale,

Pars petrosa

Sulcus inuspetrosi uperioris

Foramen mastoideum

Fossa ubarcuata

Sulcus inussigmoidei

Canalis condylaris

Suturaoccipitomastoidea


Foramen ugulare


Os rontale

Os parietale

Clivus

Sulcus inus ransversi

Protuberantia ccioitalisnterna

F i g . 5 8 I n t e r n a L u r f a c e fB a s i s r a n i i n t e r n a .

Foramen agnum(Crista occipitalis nterna)


Os emporale

Os occipitale

Musc



Topography

Bones f he skull

Lamina ribrosa

,)..-'.Canalis pticus

Fossa craniianterior

Fissura rbitalissupenor

Foramen otundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen acerum;Fissuraspnenoperrosa

Fossa raniimedia

Fossa craniiposterior

Foramensprnosum

Canalis aroticus,Aperturanterna

Foramen ugulare

Foramen magnum

Porus custicusinternus

Canalis ervihypoglossi

F i g . 6 9 I n t e r n a I u r f a c e f h e b a s e o f h e s k u [ t ,B a s i s r a n i i n t e r n a , n d o r a m i n a , o r a m i n a



3w

> Head

Bones f he skull

Spina asalis osterior

Vomer, lae omeris

Os palatinum, roc pyramidalis

Maxilla,Proc zygomaticus

Proc pterygoideus,Lamina edia l is

Hamulus terygoideus

Proc pterygoideus,Lamina ateralis


Os emporale,Proc

zygomaticus

Foramenlacerum

Foramensprnosum

Fossamandibularis

Spina ossissphenoidalis

Procslyloideus

lvleatusacusticusexlernus

Fossajugular is

Foramenlugurare

Os parietale

Foramenmastoideum

Fossulapetrosa

Condylusoccipitalis

Canalis condylaris

Linea nuchalis superior

Foramen ncisivum

Sutura palatina mediana

Maxilla,Proc palatinus

Sutura alatina ransversa

Os oalatinum. Lamina horizontalis

Foramen alatinum ajus

Fissura rbitalis nferior

Arcus ygomalicus

Cristainfratemporalis

Proc pterygoideus,Laminamedialis

Foramenovale

Tuberculumpnaryngeum

Tuberculumarticulare

Canaliscaroticus

Canaliculusmastoideus

Foramenstylo-mastoideum

ProcmastoideusInctsuramastoidea

Canalis nervihypoglossi

Foramen agnum

Protuberantia ccioitalis xterna

Os palatinum

Vomer

Os zygomaticum

F i g .7 0 E x t e r n a L urface f he base of he sku[1 ,B a s i s r a n i i x t e r n a

Linea nuchalis nferior

Maxilla

Os frontale

Os sphenoidale

Os temporale

Os occipitale

Iffi

Musc

Os parietale



Topography Organ reas I Sect ions

Foramina ncisiva

Foramen palatinum majus

Foramina palatinamtnora

Fissura orbitalisinferior

Foramenovate

Foramensptnosum

Foramen acerum;Fissura

sphenopetrosa

Porus custicusexternus

Canalis caroticus,Apertura externa

Foramenstylomastoideum

Foramen ugulare

Canalis nerui hypoglossi

Foramen magnum

F i g . 7 1 E x t e r n a L u r f a c e f h e b a s e o f h e s k u [ 1 ,B a s i s r a n i i x t e r n a , n d o r a m i n a , o r a m i n a .

Bones f the skull

Palatum urum

Arcuszygomaticus

Fossainfratemporalis

Choana



> Head

SkulL,adiography

Surface lSkel .e tonl Musc

Sutura ambdoidea

Cellulae ethmoidales

Meatus asi medius

Os emporale, ars etrosa

l\4eatus custicus xternus

Cellulae astoideae

Proc mastoideus

Ramus mandibulae

l\4eatus asi nferior

Cavitas nasi

Corpusmandibulae

Sutura agittalis

Sinus rontales

Crista galli

lvlargo supraorbitalis

Fissura orbitalis superior

Meatus nasi superior

Septum nasi


Sinus maxillaris



Palatum durum

Axis, Dens

Dens ncisivus

F i g . 7 2 S k u L t , r a n i u m ;A P - t e t e r a dog a ph .* I n n o m i n a t ei n e , i n e a n n o m i n a t a ,p r o j e c t i o ni ne

without natomicaI orre[ate



' t ' r :n r :q r*p :hy| i l r13ar r i l i ' e j l " , | . * r t inns

Skull, adiography

Lamrnaexterna

Diplod

Laminainterna

Sutu acoronalis

Os frontale,Pars orbitalis

S inusfrontalis

Ce l lu l aeethmoidales

Os nasale

S inussphenoidalis

S inus

maxillaris

Palatumdurum

mandibulae

Proccl noideusanterior

Procclinoideusposterior

Fossahypophysialis

Sutu alambdoidea

Fossamandibularis

Ce l lu l aemastoideae

lvleatusacusticusexternus

Caputmandibulae

Atlas, Arcusanterior

Atlas,Tuberculumposterius

Axis, Dens

Procsprnosusvertebraeceruicalis l

Cartilago epiglottica

\\ os hyotderm,Corpus

F i g . 7 3 S k u [ 1 , r a n i u m ;[ a t e r a e L e r a d i o gaph* P o s t e r i o r a [ [ f h e m a x i L t a r yi n u s

Ramus mandibulae



> Head

Skull,development

Surface lSkele tonl Musc

Fonticulus nterior

Os acrimale

Os rontale

Os parietale

Sutura oronalis

Os frontale, Tuber frontale

Fonticulus phenoidalis

Os sphenoidale, la major

Os zygomaticum

Apedura iriformis

Mandibula

Os parietale

Sutura oronalis

Mandibula

(Symphysis mandibulae)

F i g . 7 t , S k u [ t , C r a n i u m , f a n e o n a t e .

Os occipitale

Maxilla,Os incisivum

Os zygomaticum

Fonticulus nterior

Anulus ympanicus Os emporale, ars petrosa

Os occioitale. ars ateralis

Os ethmoidale

Os sphenoidale

Os nasale, s emporale, andibula

Os parietale, uber arietale

Fonticulus osterior

Squama ccipitalis

Suturalambdoidea

Fonticulus astoideus

Os rontale, uber rontale


Os nasale


Septum asiosseum

Foramen nfraorbitale

Dens eciduus

(Sutura rontalis)

Foramen mentale

Foramen upraorbitale

Os emporale

Os zygomaticum

F i g .7 5 S k u t t , C r a n i u m , f a neonate .



Sutura rontalis

Fonticulus nterior

Sutura agittalis

Sutura ambdoidea

Vomer

Os rontale

Os parietale

Os occipitale, Squama occipitalis

(Sutura ccipitalisransversa, ar.)

Fonticulus astoideus

Os emporale, ars petrosa

Os e mporale, ars quamosa

Pars ympanica, nulus ympanicus

Os emporale, ars petrosa

Os sphenoidale, roc. terygoideus

Os oalatinum. amina orizontalis

Os rontale. quama rontalis

Sutura oronalis

Os parietale, uber parietale

Fonticulus osterior

Os occipitale, quama ccipitalis

I

I

F i g . 7 6 S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m , f a n e o n a t e .

Os occipitale, s palatinum

Os emporale

Mandibula

Vomer

Fonticulus osterior

Maxilla.Proc. Dalatinus

(Os ncisivum)

WOssphenoidale

Os parietale

Os occioitale. Pars lateralis

Foramen agnum

Maxilla, s ncisivum

Os zygomaticum

Mandibula

F i g . 7 7 S k u [ t , C r a n i u m , f a n e o n a t e .



Musc

Frontal nd ethmoidal one

Souama rontalis. acies xterna

Tuber rontale

Margo parietalis

Arcus uperciliaris

Lamina t Foramina ribrosa

Fossa landulae acrimalis

Margo upraorbitalis

Pars asalis Spina asalis

Fig.78 FrontaL one, Os ronta[e.

Os rontale. ouama rontalis

lncisura rontalis

lncisura uoraorbitalis

Margo upraorbitalis

Labvrinthus thmoidalis

Proc zygomaticus

Os lrontale

Lamina erpendicularisLamina t Foramina ribrosa

Xosethmoidate

F i g . 7 9 F r o n t a l o n e , s f r o n t a [ e ; t h m o i d a I o n e ,0 s e t h m o i d a t e , n d nasa l b o n e s , O s s a a s a t i a .



Topography | Organ reas I Sect ions

Margo acrimalis

Incisura acrimalis

lvlargonfraorbitalis

Facies orbitalis

Sulcus nfraorbitalis

Facies nfratemporalis

Foramina alveolaria

Proc zygomaticus

Tuber maxillae

Proc alveolaris


Sulcus acrimalis

Crista conchalis

Maxilla,Facies nasalis

Spina nasalis anletiot -.1

Maxilla.Proc. oalatinus

Maxilla

Os palatinum

F i g .80 MaxiLLa, a x i l . t a .

Margo acrimalis

F i g .8 1 M a x i t [ a , a x i l . t a ,n d p a t a t i n e one ,0 s p a t a t i n u m .

Proc ront alis, rista acrimalis nterior


(Crista ygomatico-alveolaris)

Fossa anina

lncisura asalis

Soina asalis nterior

Juga alveolaria

Crista thmoidalis

Crista conchalisSpina asalis osterior

Sutura palatina ransversa

Maxilla nd palatine one



Surface lSkete tonl Musc


Squama rontalis,Facies nterna

Sinusfrontalis

Crista phenoidalis

Sinus sphenoidalis

Fossa hypophysialis

Dorsum ellae

Alavomeris

Septumnast osseum

Proc. pterygoideus,Laminamedialis

Proc. pterygoideus,

Lamina ateralis

Suturafrontonasalis

Os ethmoidale,Lamina erpendicularis

Osnasale

Os sphenoidale,Corpus


Os lacrimale

Spina nasalis osterior

Hamulus terygoideus

Maxilla,Proc. palatinus

Os palatinum,Lamina orizontalis

Os palatinum

Os ethmoidale

Vomer

Os acrimale

Maxilla

Os rontale

Os nasale

Os sphenoidaleI

Fig.82 Bony asaI eptum,Seotum asi sseum.



Crista galli

Os nasale


Concha asalis nferior


Canalis ncisivus



Concha asalis uperior

Sinus phenoidalis

Foramen ohenoDalatinum


Hiatusmaxillaris

Clivus

Os occipitale

Hamulus terygoideus

Os Dalatinum. amina orizontalis

Os palatinum,Lamina erpendicularis

Proc. terygoideus,Laminamedialis

Fig. 83 Lateral wat[ ofC a v i t a s as i .

the nasaI avity,

Os parietale

Maxilla

Os frontale

Os nasale

Sinus rontalis

Aperturasinus rontalis

Concha nasalissupenor

Os nasale

Oslacrimale

Proc. ncinatus

Hiatusmaxi l lar is

Spinanasalis

anterior

Canalistnctstvus


Os sphenoidale

Os occipitale

Os palatinum

Os ethmoidale

Os lacrimale

Apertura inus phen oidalis

Sinus phenoidalis

Foramensphenopalatinum

Os palatinum,Crista thmoidalis

Concha asalis nferior,Proc ethmoidalis

Fig. 84 Lateral wa[[ of the nasal cavity,C a v i t a s a s i ;t h e m i d d t e asaI oncha as beenremoved.' Probe ocated n he passage rom he rontal

s inus o he m i d d [ e asaL ea tus

X

Spina asalis osterior



> Head

Hardpalate

Musc

F i g .8 5 H a r d p a [ a t e , a t a t u m u r u m ; m a x i l t a r y i n u s ,S i n u s m a x i [ L a r i s ,nd n f e r i o r a s a I o n c h a , o n c h anasaLis n f e r i o r.

Os sphenoidale

Concha nasalis nlerior

Sinusmaxillaris

Maxilla,Proc zygomaticus

lvlaxilla

Os palatinum

(Sutura ncisiva)

(Os ncisivum)


Sutura alatina edianaoramen ncisivum

F i g .86 Hard p a [ a t e , a t a t u m u r u m .



Topography

0rbit and pterygopalatine ossa

Fossasacci acrimalis

1.-

F i 9 .8 7 B a s e o f h e o r b i t , 0 r b i t a

Os palatinum, roc orbitalis

Fissura rbitalis nlerior


Os zygomaticum

Maxilla

Os lacrimale

Os ethmoidale

Os frontale

Arcus ygomaticus

infratemporalis

I oszygomaticum

Os emporale

Os palatinum

Os sphenoidale

Foramina alveolaria

Foramenzygomaticofaciale

(Cristazygomaticoalveolaris)

I

Foramen vale

Foramen pinosum

Ala major,Spina ssis phenoidalis

Proc pterygoideus

Os palatinum,Lamina erpendicularis,Fossa pterygopalatina

Os palatinum, roc. yramidalis

Os sphenoidale,Proc pterygoideus,Hamulus terygoideus

Fig. 88 Pterygopatatine ossa, Fossa pterygopalatina.



> Head

0rbit

Foramina ethmoidaliaanterius et poslerius

Incisurarontalis Canalis pticus

Fissuraorbitalis uperior

(Suturazygomaticofrontalis)

Os zygomaticum,Facies rbitalis

Foramenzygomaticolaciale

Fissura orbitalis nlerior

Sulcus nlraorbitalis

Alaminor )Il Os sphenoidale

- Ala major, IFacies rbitalis./

Sutura rontomaxillaris

Os nasale

Crista acrimalis nterior

Crista acrimalis osterior

Os ethmoidale,Lamina orbitalis

Os palatinum,Proc orbitalis

Os nasale

Os rontale

Os palatinum

Os ethmoidale

Alaminor

Os palatinum

Sinus maxillaris

Vomer

Maxilla.Proc alveolaris

Foramen nf aorbitale Canalis nlraorbitalis Sutura ygomaticomaxillaris

F i g . 8 9 0 r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;orobe ocated n he nfra-orbitaIc a n a t . a n a L i s n f a o r b i t a [ r s

Vomer

Os zygomaticum

Maxilla


Sinus rontalisCrista galli


F i g . 9 0 F a c i a t s k e t e t o n , Vi s c e r o c r a n i u m ;f r o n t a L e c t i o n .

ImOs temporale


Os sphenoidale

Os lacrimale

Os ethmoidale, Lamina perpendicularis

Os rontale, ars rbitalis

Fissura rbitalissupenor

Os emporale,Pars quamosa

Alamalor,Facies rbitalis


Os zygomaticum



Cavitas asi,Meatus asi nferior

Musc

Dens molaris



Topography 0rgan areas I Sect ions

Squamalrontalis,

Faciesinterna

Foraminazygomaticoorbitalia

Canalis nfraorbitalis

Sinus maxillaris

Os rontale

Os acrimale

Os sphenoidale

Os nasale

Maxilla,Crista acrimalis nterior

Os lacrimale,Crista lacrimalis posterior

Sulcus nfraorbitalis

Os parietale

Sutura phenofrontalis

Os emporale, ars quamosa

Alaminor

Sinus phenoidalisForamen otundum

Canalis terygoideus

Fossa pterygopalatina

Proc pterygoideus

Hamulus terygoideus

Canalis alatinus ajor

Alveolidentales

F i g . 9 1 0 r b i t , r b i t a ;[ateraI waIt .

Os nasale

Os palatinum

Os ethmoidale

Os rontale

Alamajor, )Facies rbitalis

I Os sPhenoidale- Corpus )

IMaxilla

Os emporale

Os zygomaticum

Sutura thmoidolacrimalis

Foramen thmoidale nterius

Os ethmoidale, amina rbitalis

Foramen thmoidale osterius

Canalis pticus

Os oalatinum. roc. rbitalis

Foramen phenopalatinum

Fossa pterygopalatina


Proc. pterygoideus, amina ateralis

Hamulus terygoideus

F i g . 9 2 O r b i t , O r b i t a ;m e d i a I w a t l .

I

Maxilla,Proc. zygomaticus

l\4axilla. Proc alveolaris





Topography

Sphenoidal nd occipital one

(Proc clinoideusmedius)

Alamajor,Margo rontalis Proc. clinoideus osterior

Proc clinoideusanterior

Sulcus rechiasmaticus

Jugum phenoidale

Tuberculum ellae

Canalisopticus

Ala major,Margo arietalis Os sphenoidale,

Ala major

Foramen

rotundumFissuraorbitalis uperior

Ala major,Margo quamosus

Sella urcica,Fossa hypophysialis

Foramen ovale

Foramen pinosum

Sulcus aroticus

Lingula phenoidalis

Tuberculumugulare

Os occipitale, ars ateralis

Margomastoideus

Margo lambdoideus

Proc ntrajugularis

lncisuraugularis

Proc. ugularis

Foramen agnum

Sulcus inus igmoidei

Fossa cerebellaris

Sulcus inus ransversi

(Crista ccipitalisnterna)

Eminentia ruciformis

Protuberantia ccioitalisnterna

F i g .95 0 c c i p i t a t o n e , s o c c i p i t a l e ,and s p h e n o i d a I o n e , s s p h e no i d a [ e .



Temporal one

Margo arietalis

Sulcus rteriae emDoralis ediae

Foveola suDrameatica

Crista upramastoidea

Pars quamosa, acles emporalis

Margo sphenoidalis

Proc zygomaticus

Incisura arietalis

(Spina uprameatica)

Pars petrosa

Foramen astoideum

Margo occipitalis

Fissura ympanomastoidea

lncisura mastoidea

Proc mastoideus

Pars ympanica

F i g .9 6 Te m p o r a I o n e , s t e m p o r a L e .

F i g . 9 7 Te m p o r a I o n e , s t e m p o r a t e , f a n e o n a t e .



Topography | 0rgan areas I Sect ions

Margo arietalis

Pars ouamosa. acies erebralis

Eminentia rcuata

Incisura arietalis

Sulcus rteriosus Margo uperiorpartispetrosae

Apex partispetrosae

Porus custicus nternus

Proc. ygomaticus

Tuberculum rticulare

Fossa mandibularis

Fissura etrotympanica

Meatus custicus xternus

Proc ntrajugularis

Proc styloideus

F i g .9 8 Te m p o r a I o n e , s t e m p or a t e .

Canalis aroticus

Foramen astoideum

Margo occipitalis


Apertura analiculi estibuli

Apex partispetrosae

Canalis aroticus

Fossula etrosa

Aoertura canaliculi ochleae

Proc ntrajugularis

Fossa ugularis

Vagina rocessus tyloidei

Proc styloideus

Foramen tylomastoideumProc mastoideus

Incisura astoidea Margo occipitalis

Foramen mastoideum

F i g .9 9 Te m p o r a l o n e , O s e m p o r a [ e



> Head

Mandible

Proc condylaris

Ramus mandibulae

Proc coronoideus

Basis mandibulae

Linea obliqua

Tuberculum entaleProtuberantia entalis

F i g .1 0 0 M a n d i b t e , a n d i b u t a

Proc coronoideus

Incisura mandibulae

Corpusmandibulae

F i g . 0 1 M a n d i b t e , a n d i b u [ a .

Proc.----lcoronoideus '

Linea mylohyoidea

lncisura andibulae

Ramus mandibulae

Foramen andibulae

Sulcusmylohyoideus

(Tuberositas terygoidea)

Angulus andibulae

Corpusmandibulae

Angulus andibulae

Ramus mandibulae

Ramus mandibulae

(Tuberositas asseterica)

Fovea sublingualis

Musc

F i g . 1 0 2 M a n d i b L e , a n d i b u [ a .

Fovea ubmandibularis



Topography | 0rgan reas I Sect ions

Collummandibulae

(Tuberositas terygoidea)

Fovea ubmandibularis

Fovea ublingualis

Arcusalveolaris :,

Spinamentalis Fossa digastrica

F i g . 103 M a n d i b l . e , a n d i b u [ a .

F i g .104 M a n d i b L e , a n d i b u l . a , f a n e t d e r t y n d i v i d u a l . .

Proc. oronoideusRamus mandibulae

Foramen andibulae

Angulus andibulae

Linea mylohyoidea

Corpus mandibulae

Corpusmandibulae Dens eciduus

(Symphysis andibulae)

Proc. ondylaris

F i g . 1 0 5 M a n d i b t e , a n d i b u L a , f a n e o n a t e .

Foramen mentale



> Head

Tem o oma nd bula oint

Capsula rticularis

Porus custicus xternus

Articulatiotemporomandibularis,

Lig laterale

Os emporale, roc. ygomaticus

F i g . 1 0 6 Te m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oe m o o r o m a n d i u L a r i s .


Proc pterygoideus,Lamina ateralis

Proc. coronoideus

SDina ossis sohenoidalis

Lig pterygospinale


Proc styloideus

Lig sphenomandibulare

Lig stylomandibulare

Ramus mandibulae

Lingulamandibulae

f Lamina ateralisProc. terygoideus

1 .\ Laminamedialis

Proc styloideus

Proc condylaris


Angulus andibulae;(Tuberositas asseterica)

Sinus phenoidalis

Cavitas nasi, Choana

Hamulus terygoideus

Sulcusmylohyoideus

Angulus andibulae;(Tuberositas terygoidea)

Linea mylohyoidea

F i g . 107 Pterygospinous nd s p h e n o m a n d i b u L a r i g a m e n t s ,L i g g .p t e r y g o s p i n a [ e t s p h e n o m a n di b u [ a r e .



Discus rticularis

Caput mandibulae


Collummandibulaes zygomaticum

Proc. oronoideus

Capsula rticularis

Os zygomaticum

Proc coronoideus

Capsula rticularis

F i g . 108 Te m p o r o m a n d i b u t a ro i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oe m p o r o m a n d i b u [ a r i s ;s a g i t t a l . e c t i o n ;m o u t h a [ m o s t losed .

Fossa mandibularis,Facies rticularis

Discus rticularis

Caput mandibulae


Collummandibulae

Proc mastoideus

Proc. tyloideus

Ramus mandibulae

F i g . 1 0 9 Te m p o r o m a n d i b u L a ro i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i oe m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;c r n i i i r l < o n t i n n .

m o u t h o D e n e d .



Temporomandibularoint and masticatory uscles


Arcus ygomaticus

Fig. 10 , b Art icu[ar i sc , i scus r t i cu ta r i s , f hetemporomandibul .aro in t , r t i cu ta t ioemporomandibutaris .a Suoerior iewb LateraI ie w

Abb. 11 Masticatory usc tes , m. mas t ica tor i iArrowsndicatehe direct ion f musc[e rac t ionwhen tosing he mouth.




Caput mandibulae

1 Meatus custicus xternus2 Proc. ondylaris3 Discus rticularis4 Os emporale, ossa andibularis

F i g . 113 a , b Te m p o r o m a n d ib u t a r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u [ a r i s ;t o m o g r a p h y ; a t e r a I r o j e c t i o n f t e r n j e c t i o n f a c o n t r a s tm e d i u m n t o h e o i n tc a v i t y a r t h r o g r a p h y ) .a M o u t h l o s e db M o u t h opened

5 Os emporale, uberculum rticulare6 Incisura andibulae7 Proc coronoideus

F i g . 112 Te m p o r o m a n d i b u t a ro i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oe m p o r o m a n d i b u L a r i s .

T h e a r t i c u l a r i s c s h i f t s o r w ar d u r i n g o p e n i n g f he mouth .



Head

Masticatory uscles

$unface lSke le ton l Musc

Arcuszygomaticus

F i g . 11 t , M a s s e t e r n d e m p o r a l m u s c [ e ,M m . m a s s et e r t t e m D o r a t r s .

Os zygomaticum, roc emporalis

major, rista nf atemporalis

M pterygoideusateralis


Os emporale, roc zygomaticus

Fossa mandibularis,Facies dicularis

Discus rticularis

Caput mandibulae

Capsula rticularis

l\4pterygoideus edialis

F i g . 1 5 Te m p o r o m a n d i b u L a ro i n t , r t i c u t a t r oe m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;m e d i a L n d L a t e r a I t e r y g o i d uscLes ,M m . p t e r y g o i d e i e d i a t i s t I a t e r a L r s .



Topography | 0rgan reas I Sect ions

A temporalis,R frontalls

M temporalis

Capsula rticularis

M pterygoideusateralis,Caput uperius

l\4 pterygoideus ateralisCaput nferius

Palatum olle

pterygoideus edialis

M masseter

Angulus mandibulae

Os hyoideum, ornumajus

Platysma

M mylohyoideus

M genioglossus

M omohyoideus

M geniohyoideus

M thyrohyoideus

l\4 sternohyoideus

F i g , 11 6 M a s t i c a t o r y u s c t e s ,M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i ;f o n t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h h e e m p o r o m a n d i b u t ar o i n tand h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n h r o u q h h e c a t v a r i a :oosterior iew.

N opticus llN trochlearisvl

N oculomotoriusllll

N trigeminus Vl

N abducens Vl ]

A. carotis nterna

Fossa mandibularis

Discus rticularis

Caput mandibulae

Lig. sphenomandibulare

N lingualis

N alveolaris nferior

Hamulus terygoideus

Masticatory uscles



Masticatory uscles

N. opticus lll*

Cellulae thmoidales Septum as i

Fig.117 Mast ica tory usc les , m. mas t ica tor i i ;f ron ta I ec t ion ;anterior iew.

Sur face lSke te ton l Musc

a M temporalis

Concha asalisinferior

a M. masseter,Pars profunda

a M. masseter,Pars uperficialis

Maxilla

a M. buccinator

Dens molaris l

Lingua

Mandibula

Platysma

a M. mylohyoideus

a M digastricus, enter nterior

V;4, temporal is asuperficialis,

R frontalis

R temporalis(vil)

N infraorbitalis

R. zygomaticus(vil)

Sinus maxillaris

Concha asalismedia

Glandula arotideaaccessona

Ductus arotideus

A facialis a

Glandulasubmandularis

Nodus ymphoideussubmandibularis




Cartilago laris major

a M orbicularis culi

a M. zygomaticus ajor

O M. emporalis

a M masseter,Pars profunda

Ramus mandibulae

N massetericus

N alveolarisinlerior

N lingualis

A alveolaris Oinferior

A. maxillaris

N facialis Vll]{}

V maxillaris

a M. masseter,Pars uperficialis

a M pterygoideuslateralis,Caput nlerius

a M pterygoideuslateralis,Caput uperius

a M pterygoldeusmedialis

Proc styloideus

Glandulaparotidea

V jugularisnterna

A. vertebralis

F i g . 118 M a s t i c a t o r y u s c l e s ,M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n .

Masticatorymuscles



> Head

Facial nd masticatory uscles

Galea aponeurotica

Sur" i .mu* 'Ske [* ' tmn l Musc

M procerus

M corrugator upercilii

Lig palpebrale mediale

l\il levator abiisuperioris laequenasl

M, nasalis

M levatorlabiisuperioris

M zygomaticusmtnor

M zygomaticusmalor

l\il depressorsepti nasi

M levatoranguli risGlandula arotidea

Corpus diposumbuccae

Ductus arotideus

Platysma

Foramen entale

l\4depressor nguli ris

l\ildepressor abii nferioris

lvl sternocleidomast oideus

Platysma

Fascia ceruicalis. amina suDerficialis

M depressor upercilii

M temporoparietalis

M orbicularisocul i , ar spalpebralis

M orbicularisoculi, Pars

orbitalis :

M levatorlabii

supeflonsaraeque nasr

l\4zygomaticusmrnor

lvl levatorlabii uperioris

M zygomaticusmalor

M levator anguli oris

M epicranius,M occipitofrontalis,

Venter rontalis

M orbicularis ris,Pars marginalis

M risorius

Platysma

M depressor nguli oris

M depressor abii nferioris

M m en ta li s

l\4orbicularis ris,Pars abialis

F i g . 11 9 F a c i a I m u s c t e s , Mm f a c i e i ,and m a s t i c a t o r v u s c t e s , M m . m a s t i c a i o r i i




M.auricularis nterior M epicranius, .temporoparietalis

Galea aponeurotica

M orbicularis culi,Pars alpebralis

M.depressor upercilii

M procerus

M orbicularis culi,Pars orbitalis

M epicranius,M occipitolrontalis,Venter rontalis

M levator labiisupeflofls

alaeque nasi

M nasalis

M.auricularissupeflor

M.epicranius,M occipito-frontalis,Venteroccipitalis

M, evatorlabii

supenons

M.zygomaticusmtnor

M.orbicularis

maJor

Panniculusadiposus

M orbicularis ri s

M depressorlabii nferioris

M. mentalis

M depressor nguli ris

M.auricularisposterior

M semispinaliscapitis

on s

M.zygomaticus

M.sternocleido-mastoideus

M splenius apitis

M. rapezius

Fascia cervicalis, Lamina superf cialis

Fascia arotidea

Facial muscles

Fig. 120 Facial musctes, Mm. aciei



Facial nd masticatorv uscles

Fascia emporalis,Lamina rolunda


Galea aooneurotica

Pericranium

Fascia emporalis,Lamina uperficialis

M.epicranius,M. emporo-parietalis

M epicranius,M occipito-frontalis,Venteroccipitalis

Articulatiotemporo-mandibularis,Capsulaarticularis,Lig. aterale

Glandula parotidea

Glandula arotideaaccessona

Ductus arotideus

M buccinator

M sternocleidomastoideus

M masseter

Corpus diposumouccae

Glandula ubmandibularis

Fascia ervicalis, amina uoerlicialis

Arcuszygomaticus

M. epicranius,V.occipitofontalis,Venter rontalis


M. orbicularisPars palpebralis;oculil Pars rbitalis

M. procerus

M depressorsupercilii

Lig. palpebralemediale

M. levator abiisuperioris alaeque nasi

M levatorlabiisuperioris

M nasalis

M. zygomaticusmlnor

M levatoranguli ris

M.orbicularisons

zygomaticusmaJor

M. depressorlabii nferioris

M mentalis

M.orbicularis ri s

M

M. isorius

M depressoranguli ris

M digastricus, enter nterior

Fig. 121 Facial musctes, Mm. aciei , an dm a s t i c a t o r v u s c l e s , M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i .



M.epicranius, .occipitofrontalis,enter rontalis


M.orbicularis culi

M.depressor upercilii

M. evator abiisuperiorisalaeque asi

M. evator abii uDerioris

N. nfraorbitalisM nasalis

M. evatoranguli ris

M.orbicularis ri s

Ductus arotideus

M. buccinator

M. masseter,Pars profunda

M.orbicularis ri s

M mentalis

M. depressorlabii nferioris

M depressoranguli ri s

M digastricus, enter nteriorM. masseter, ars suoerficialis

M. stylohyoideusOs hyoideum

N. hypoglossus Xlll

M.constrictor haryngis nferior

Pericranium M, emporalis

A. carotis ommunis

Galea aponeurotica

Arcuszygomaticus

N vagus X]

M. epicranius,M.occipito-fronialis,Venter ccipitalis

Meatusacusticus xternuscartilagineus

Ramusmandibulae

Proc. styloideus

A. emporalis uperticialis


M. digastricus, enter osterior

V jugularis nterna

Articulatiotemporomandibularis,Capsula rticularis,Lig laterale

Fig. 122 FaciaI musctes, Mm. faciei , ndm a s t i c a t o r y u s c t e s , M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i .

Facial nd masticatorv uscles

121 256



Musc

Arteries f the head

A temporalis uperficialis, frontalis

A. zygomaticoorbitalis

Aa temporalesprofundaeanterior t Dosterior

A transversa faciei

A meningea media

A sphenopalatina

A angularis

A, nfraorbitalis

A. alveolarissuperior posterior

A tem poralis edia

A alveolarisnferior

A temporalis uperficialis, parietalis

R mastoideus

R. sternocleidomastoideus

A maxillaris

A occipitalis

A palatina scendens

A. acialis

A carotis xterna

A. carotis nterna

Bifurcatioarotidis

A carotis ommunis

A. emporalis uperlicialis

A. stylomastoidea

A occipitalis,Rr.occipitales

A auricularisposterior,R occipitalis

A auricularisposleflor

A occipitalis

A labialis uperior

A. palatinadescendens

A buccalis

A labialisnterior

R mentalis

A facialisA submentalis

A thyroidea uperior

Fig.123 ExternaI arotid artery,A . c a r o t i s x t e r n a .



Veins f the head

V. emissaria arietalis

V temporalissuperficialis

V. diploicatemporalisposterior

V labialis uperior

V labialis nferior

Plexus terygoideus

V maxillaris

V cervicalis rofunda

V pharyngea

V retromandibularis

V jugularis xternaV submentalis V comitans ervi

hypoglossi

V facialis

V thyroidea uperior

V. ugularis nterna

F i g . 1 2 4 I n t e r n a l u g u l a r e i n ,V. u g u L a r i sn t e r n a .



> Head

Lymphatics f the head and he neck

Nodi ymphoidei parotidei

superficiales

Nodi ymphoideifaciales

Nodi ymphoideisubmandibulares

Nodi vmDhoidei ervicalesme0rates

Nodi ymphoideicervicales laterales

Fig.125 Lymph nodes and ymphaticso f h e h e a d n d h e n e c k , N o d iLy m p h o i d e ic a p i t i s t c e r v i c i s;a r r o w s n d i c a t e r a i n a o e r e a s .

Musc

Nodi ymphoideioccipitales

Nodi ymphoideimastoidei

Nodi ymphoideicervicales prolundi




Glandula parotidea

Nodi ymphoidei parotidei prof ndi

Nodi ymphoidei ervicales aterales,Nodi profundi superiores

M splenius apitis

M levator scapulae

Nodi ymphoidei ervicales aterales,Nodi profundi inferiores

M scalenus edius

M scalenus nterior

M trapezius

A subclavia extra

i . e

1"*t*

Nodi ymphoidei etropharyngeales

A. carotis ommunis

V jugularisnterna

Glandula hyroidea

Nodi ymphoidei hyroidei

Nodi ymphoidei ervicales nteriores,Nodi rofundinferiores

V brachioceDhalica dextra

V subclavia extra

F i g . 1 2 6 Deep y m p h odes f he neck ,N o d i y m p h o i d e i erv icaLes r o f u n d i .



i::Yl

it

> Head

Facial erve

R temporalis

N auricularis osterior

N facialis Vll]

Rr zygomatici

Rr buccales

R marg ina l i s and ibu la r i s

Fig. 127 FaciaI erve, N. aciatis Vll]

F i g .1 2 8 a , b P a t s y f h e e f t a c i a L e r v e ,N . a c i a t i s V l l ] .a T h e c o n c e r n e d y e a n n o t e c l o s e d po n

req es t a op t h a m u ) .b T h e e e t h of he concerned ide c a n n o t e

S n o w n 00n eoues t

Musc




N ophthalmicuslv/11

Ganglion rigeminale

N maxillarislvt2l

N temporalis rofundus

N auriculotemporalis

N alveolarisnterior

N mylohyoideus

Ganglion ubmandibulare

N mandibularislv/31

N frontalis

N supraorbitalis

N supratrochlearis

Ganglion ciliare

N. nfraorbitalis

Forameninfraorbitale

N palatinusmajor

N buccalis

N lingualis

N mentalis

Fig. 129 Trigeminal erve,

N . r i g e m i n u s V J.

N ophthalmicusV/'1]

F i g . 130 Cutaneous n n e r v a t i o n f he heada n d h e n e c k

Cutaneous nnervation



> Head

Vessels nd nerves f the head and he neck


& M epicranius, occipitofrontalis

& N supraorbitalis

s M,orbicularis culi

O A angularis

Ductusparotideus

, R buccalis(vil)

& M masseter

A temporalis upedlcialis,R parietalis

lvl temporalis

auriculotemporalis(v/3)

Rr temporales(vl l )

Glandula arotidea

N occipitalis minor,(Plexus cervicalis)

V jugularis xterna

M levator capulae

N auricularis agnus, ,(Plexus ervicalis)

,; R marginalis andibularis(vil)

N accessor ius ' ,txtl Platysma

M trapezius

' t3225r+

1.F i g .1 3 1 Ve s s e L s nd n e r v e s fs u o e r f i c i a [a t e r a I e o i o n s

t h e h e a d n d h e n e c k :



Vessels ndnerves f he head nd he

A temporalis uperficialis

auriculotemporalis,(v/3)

N occipitalis major I

Plexus ntraparotideus(vil)

N occ ipitalis inor ,

L4 splenius apitis

N auricularis agnus .*

N accessorius Xll ,

V jugularis xterna

supraclaviculares

M trapezius

& N supraorbitalisV/1)

a A supraorbitalis

* N. supratrochlearisNn)

{t N infra-orbitalis

(v/2t

* N mentalis(v/3)

a A facialis

Nn

Fig.132 Vessets nd nervesd e e p a t e r a I e g i o n s .

a V facialis

? R , co l l i V l l )

6 N transversus olli

i M sternocleidomastoideus

o V transversa olli

133256

of he head a n d h e n e c k ;

131



iil

> Head

Lateral egion f the ace

V, emporalis edia

a A temporalis uperficialis, . rontalis

s N suoraorbitalis,R ateralisA temporalis upedicialis,R parietalis

&,N zygomaticus,R zygomaticotemporalis

{e N supraorbitalis,B lateralis

a A supratrochlearis

{,}N supraorbitalis,R medialis

& N zygomaticus,R zygomatico-facialis

I N supratrochlearis

* N infratrochlearis

{, N ethmoidalisantenor,R nasalisEXTETNUS

a A angularis

s N infra-orbitalis

A occipitalis

N auricularis.tposterior

A auricularis osterior

N occipitalis minor ,

M trapezius 0

l\4 sternocleidomastoideus

A occipitalis

R digastricus Vll) ,

V retromandibularis

R stylohyoideusVll) ,

* N massetericus

a A facialis

s M buccinator

a A buccalis

$ N buccalis

* M orbicularis ri s

,* N mentalis

* N alveolaris nferior

a A alveolaris nferior carotis nlerna

A carotis externa O a A facialis

A lingualisO

V retromandibularis a V facialis

F i g , 133 VesseLs n d n e r ve s f t h e h e a d;d e e o a t e r a L e o i o n s

a V submentalis

Musc

13I l



Topography Organ reas I Sect ions

A temporalis media O

A temporalis uperficialis,R parietalis

A zygomatico-orbitalis

A transversataciei

Meatus custicusexternus

N meatus custici .externi

N vagus [X], 'R auricularis

N auriculotemporalis .N facialis Vll]

A stylomastoidea

A auricularis posterior a

A auricularis rofunda O

A tympanica anterior

A occipitalis

A maxillaris

A meningea media a

A carolis exlerna

M masseter

N l ingua l i s

N mylohyoideus

t N massetericusa A masseterica

a A temporalis rofunda osterior;, N temporalis rofundus

* l\4. terygoideus ateralis

s N suoraorbitalis, lateralis

$ N supraorbitalis, medialis

O A supratrochlearis

1' N supratrochlearis

a A angularis

& N. nfratrochlearis

a A infraorbitalis

s N ethmoidalisanterior, nasalise)dernus

s N infraorbitalis

g Rr alveolaressupenoresposteriores

& N buccalis

a A buccalis

a Rr.dentates; I A.alveolaris. Br. eridentareslilliJlid,

o A facialis

f N mentalis

a R mentalis

a ,, A ; N alveolaris nferior

pterygoideus medialis

A temporalissuperficialisDiscus

articularisProc

condylaris

A auricularisposterior

A maxillaris

A occipitalis

alveolarisinferior

A carotisexterna a 60 %

F i g . 135 a - c Va r i a t i o n s f he middLem e n i n g e a I r t er y, . m e n i ng e a m e d i a

* M

N mylohyoideus a A s ub me nt al is a A tacialis

F i g . 1 3 1 A r t e r i e s nd n e r v e s f h e head;d c c n c r l a t e r a l r c n i 6 l g .

A meningea media

M pterygoideuslateralis

Proccoronoideus

b 3 % c 3o/o

The m i d d l . e e n i n g e a I r t e r y, m e n i n g e a m e d i a , r a n c h e s f f p r o x i m a L t ohei n f e r i o r l v e o t a r r t e r y, a L v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r.T h e m i d d L e e n i n g e a L a r t er y, . m e n i n g e a m e d i a , ranches f facross r o m h e n f e r i o ra t v e o [ a r r t e r y, . a L v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r.T h e m i d d t em e n i n g e a L a r t e r y, . m e n i n g e a m e d i a , r a n c h e s f fd i s t a I t o h e n f e r i o ratveotar rtery, A. alveo[aris nferior.


N l ingua l i s

Maxillaryartery



"rilt

> Head

Lateral egion f the ace

Sur face lSke te ton l Musc l

a A temporalis rofunda osterior

1 N temooralis rofundus: N mandibularis V/3]

, o N ; M pterygoideus ateralis

o A maxillaris

, N infraorbitalis

a A infraorbitalis

a A sphenopalatina,, ,N supratrochlearis

, Rr.alveolares uperioresposteriores-, N, nfratrochlearis

a A angularis

& N inlra-orbitalis

i*,N massetericus

,. N buccalis

a A buccalis

.i N alveolaris nferior

, N l ingua l i s

Mandibula

Glandula sublingualis

.4. .auriculotemporalis

A temporalis uperficialis,R parietalis a A temporalis edia

meatus ,acusticiexternl

R auricularisX)

A ; N a u r i c u l a r i s o :posterior

A temporalissupedicialis

N facialis Vll] ;

N auriculo-temporalis

R digastricus

A occipitalis

meningea media a)

A maxillaris

Chorda ympani

A alveolarisnferior

N hypoglossus Xll]A l ingua l i s

A palatina ascendensa

N vagus X] ,Ansa cervicalis

A carotis ommunis

A facialis o

N hypoglossus Xll]Gangl ion ubmandibulare , ,

N mylohyoideus

3 o/o

b

a A subl ingual is

, N hypoglossus Xll]

131+1 3 8

lI

r i l

V256

a A submentalis

F i g . 136 A r t e r i e s nd nerves f he head ,deepes t a t e r a L egions

4 Yo

c

60 k

a

18%

d

F i g . 137 a - d Va r i a t i o n s n he c o u r s eo f h e m a x i t l a r y r t e r y, . m a x i t t a r i s .

T h e m a x i L [ a r y a r t e r y, A a x i L t a r i s , p a s s e s m e d i a t l y t o t h e l a t e r a t p t e r y g o i d m u s c [ e ,M . p t e r y g o i d e u s a t e r a I i s ,h e i n g u a I e r v e ,N LinguaLis ,n d h e n f e r i o r t v e o L a rn e r v e ,N . a L v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r.The m a x i t L a r y r t e r y, . m a x i t L a r i s , asses e t w e e n he LinguaL e r v e ,N . i n g u a t i s ,a n d h e n f e r i o r t v e o [ a r e r v e , N . a l v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r.The m a x i [ L a r yr t e r y, . m a x i [ L a r i s , asses h r o u g h L o o p o r m e d b y h e n f e r i o r

a t v e o t a r e r v e , N . a L v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r.T h e m i d d L e e n i n g e a L r t e r y, . m e n i n g e a m e d i a , r a n c h e s f f d i s t a Lo thei n f e r i o r t v e o [ a r r t e r y, a l v e o t a r i s n f e r i o r.



Topography 0rgan areas I Sections

Bamus mandibulaeN. massetericus;A. asseterica a

A temporalis uperlicialis,R parietalis

N. auriculo-temporalis

V temporalismedia

A. emporalismeota

N auriculo-temporalis

V temporalissuperficialis

Meatusacusticusexlernus

R auricularis(x)N auricularis

posterior

N. acialistvill

A temporalissupedicialis

A auricularisposterior

A. maxillaris

V maxillaris

A carotis externa

V retromandi-bularis

a Plexus terygoideus

a V temporalis edia

o A. tacialis

a N. suDraorbitalis, lateralis

a N. suDraorbitalis, . medialis

o N. suoratrochlearis

O A. angularis

a N. nfratrochlearis

o A. dorsalis as i

a A facialis

a N. nfraorbilalis

o N. buccalis

spnenomanaioutLalrge

a A. buccalis

a V tacialis

a N. mentalis

o Plexus entalis nferior

O V orofunda aciei

1 3 6

N :A alveolarisnferior a

N. ingual is

A carotis nterna

A carotis xterna

A. ingualis

V retromandibularis a N. mylohyoideusV facialis

o V submentalis

F i g .138 Vesse ts nd nerves f h e h e a d ;d e e p e r a t e r a I e g i o n s .



Skeleton

Sur face lSke le ton l MuscMouth/0ra

(Cartilagonasi ateralis)

Cartilaginesnasl

accessonae

Cartilagosepti nasi

of he nose

F i g . 139 S k e t e t o n f h e n o s e .

Sutura ontomaxillaris

Maxilla, roc rontalis

Cartilaginesataresmtnores

Cartilago eptinasi

Os nasale

Cartilagoalarismajor,Crus aterale

Cartilagoalarismajor,Crus mediale

Cartilago epti nasi

F i g . 11 0 N a s a I c a r t i [ a g e s ,n a s t .

Alanasi

Ca ti ta n es

Sutura rontonasalis

Cartilagoalaris major,Crus aterale

Cartilagoalarismajor,Crusmediale

F i g . 1 t 1 S k e t e t o n f h e n o s e .



Topographya t iva ryg tands Topography

Nasal eptum


Sinus phenoidalis

Fossa pterygoidea

Hamulus terygoideus

Sutura alatina ransversa

(Sutura omeromaxillaris)

F i g . 11 2 N a s a I e p t u m , e p t u m asi

Os ethmoidale, amina erpendicularis

Cartilago epti nasi

Cartilago epti asi,Proc. osterior

Cartilago alaris major,Crus mediale

Spina asalis nterior

Plexus avernosus

Os ethmoidale,Lamina perpendicularis

Cartilago epti nasi

Maxilla,Proc palatinus,Crista nasalis

Meatus nasi nferior


Glandulae nasales

F i g . 11 3 I n f e r i o r a s a I o n c h a , o n c ha a s a L i sn f e r t o r.



Musc

Sinus Dhenoidalis

Tonsilla haryngea

Sinus rontalisNn.olfactoriill

Bulbus lfactorius

Fig. 144 Lateral waLt f the nasaI cavity,Cavitas asi .

Palatum urumr N. nasooalatinus

Mouth/0ra

Concha asalis edia


Limen asi

Vestibulum asi

Sinus rontalis

Os rontale

Concha asalis uoerior

Concha asalismedia

Os nasale


Cellulaeethmoidalesposteriores

Sinussphenoidalis

Tonsillapharyngea

Palatum olle

Openings f:1 Sinus rontalis2 Ductusnasolacrimalis3 Cellulae thmoidales nteriores4 Sinus maxillaris5 Cellulae thmoidales osteriores6 Sinus ohenoidalis

F i g . 1 4 5 N a s a I a v i t y, a v i t a s a s i , n d o p e n i n g so f h e paranasaI i n u s e s , i n u s a r a n a s a l e s .



Topographyativarygtands Topography

Paranasal inuses

Fig.116 Projection f the paranasaI inuses, Sinus paranasates.

Sinus rontalis

Sinus maxillaris

F i g , 1 t 7 P r o j e c t i o n f h e p a r a n a s a I i n u s e s , i n u s a r a n a s a t e s .



, ' ]

Paranasal inuses

Sinus rontalis


Sinus maxillaris

Septum as i

Sinus rontalis

Os ethmoidale

Septum nasi

Orbita, aries nferior

Concha asalis edia

lvleatus asi nferior


Maxilla, roc palatinus

l\4axilla

Mouth/0ra

lvleatus asi uperior

lvleatus asimedius

Hiatus emilunaris

Concha asalismedia

Meatus asi nferior


F i g ,1 4 8 P a r a n a s a I i n u s e s , i n u s a r a n a s a t e s .

I

2 0 Y

> 6 0 Y

2 0 Y

1 2 Y

Y.

Y

G

\Sinus maxillaris

F i g . 11 9 D e v e t o p m e n t f h e m a x i L t a r y n d o n t a I i n u s e s .Y- vear of Life

Musc



a t iva ryg tands Topography

Para asa s i nuses, adiog a phy

Sinus rontales

Cellulae thmoidales nteriores

Orbita

Os zygomaticum, roc trontalis

Cavitas asi

Sinusmaxillaris

Arcus ygomaticus

Proc. condylaris

Sutura ontozygomatica


Cellulae thmoidales osteriores

Sinus maxillaris

Margo uperior artispetrosae

F i g .1 5 0 P a r a n a s a I i n u s e s , i n u s a r a n a s a l e s ;PA - r a d i o g r a p h .

Lrngua

Proc. oronoideus

Sinus phenoidalis



> Head

0ral cavity

Mouth/0ra

Proc pterygoideus, aminamedialis

Hamulus terygoideus

Raphe terygomandibularis

M tensor veli palatini

M levator veli Tonsilla pharyngeapalatini

Palatum urum

M orbicularis ri s

Glandulae abiales

M buccinator

l\ilandibula

M genioglossus

M mylohyoideus

M pterygoideus ateralis

Lig spheno-mandibulare

M pterygoideus edialis

Ramus mandibulae

Proc styloideus

M styloglossus

M stylopharyngeus

Lig stylohyoideum


M stylohyoideus

M longus apitis

M digastricus

Os hyoideum,Cornumajus

Membranathyrohyoidea

M, hyoglossusM geniohyoideus

Palatum durum

Palatum molle

Tonsilla alatina

Uvula palatina

( corpu. /I

Os hvoideuml

I uornumrnus N4 hyrohyoideus


F i g . 1 5 1 0 r a L c a v i t y, a v i t a s r i s

Arcus alatoglossus

Arcus alatopharyngeus

Dorsum inguae

Musc

Labium nferius

Fig. 152 0raI cavity, Cavitas r is .



Topographya t iva ryg[ands Topography


Sutura palatina mediana

Sutura palatomaxillaris

Maxilla, roc alveolaris

Foramen alatinummalus

Os pala t inum,Proc pyramidalis


Dental rcade

Dentes ncisivi

Dens aninus

Dentes remolares

Dentesmolares

Sulcus palatinusmalor

Foramina palatina minora

Foramen mandibulae

vestibular

Tunicamucosa ris,Gingiva

Choana

F i g .1 5 3 U p p e r e n t a L r c a d e , r c u s d e n t a t i s u p e r i o r,and bony p a t a t e , a t a t u m s s e u m .

oral *

Dens molaris ll [serotinus]

Dens molaris

Dens premolaris lForamen mentale

Dens remolaris

Dens aninus

Dens ncisivus ateralis Dens ncisivus medialis

F i g ,1 5 4 L o w e r d e n t a I r c a d e , r c u s d e n t a l i s n f e r i o r+ In he m a n d i b l e r a I s synonymous i t h i n g u a t ,nd n he

m a x i t l at s synonymous i t h a t a t i n a t



Musc

Coronadentis

Foramen picisdentis

+mesialdlstal

F i g .1 5 6 P e r m a n e n t o w e r a n i n e o o t h ,D e n s a n i n u s e r m a n e n s .

F i g .157 Deciduous econd m o [ a r o o t h ,Dens m o t a r i s e c i d u u s

Canalis adicisdentis:Pulpa adicularis

Apex adicis entis

F i g . 1 5 5 I n c i s o r o o t h , D e n s n c i s i v u s .

+mesia l

(Faciescontactus);

Facies mesialis

Cuspis entis

Mouth/0ra

Coronaclinica

Cuspis entis

Apex uspidis

\ 1Fu.i"."ont".tr"1;acies istalis

Cuspis entis

Tuberculum entis

Cervixdentis

Radixdentis

Enamelum

Dentinum

vestlbular

Margo gingivalis

Cementum

PeriodontiumIDesmodontium]

Radixclinica

II' Facies ingualis

F i g , 1 5 8 P e r m a n e n t p pe r i r s t m o l a r o o t h ,D e n s m o L a r i s r i m u s .




Dentes ncisiviDensmolaris

Densmolaris l

Dentes ncisivi Densmolaris

Densmolaris l

Dens Densmolaris molaris l

Dens Dens Dens Densincisivusateralis caninus molaris molaris l

F i g . 160 Deciduous e e t h , D e n t e s e c i d u i , f a 2 - y e a r- o l d h i t d;top row viewed rom vestiburar;bottom ow viewed obLiquel,yrom inferior.

Denscantnus

Denscantnus

F i g .1 5 9 Deciduous e e t h , D e n t e s e c i d u i , f a 3 - y e a r- o l . d h i L d ;v e s t i b u [ a r iew.

Maxi t ta

r i ght 55 54 53 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 , . .L E I L

72 73 74 75

M a n d i b L e

Dens Densincisivuslateralis aninus



5 4 3 2 1

Fig. 61 Permanent ee th , en tes ermanentes;orat iew.ISee . 97 or den t i fca t ion f he numbers. l

3 2 1

tes;

4

Adut t en t i t ion

57

F i g . 1 6 2 P e r m a n e n t e e t h , D e n t e s e r m a n e ndistaI iew.l S e e p . 9 7 o r d e n t i f i c a t i o n f h e n u m b e r s . )



Sativarygl.ands Topography

8

8

7

7

Permanent ee th , en tes ermanentes;vtew.

6

o

4 5

5

1 2 3

F i g . 1 6 3vestibular

1 D e n s n c i s i v u s2 Dens nc is ivus l3 D e n s a n i n u s4 D e n s p r e m o t a r i s

5 Dens remotar i sl6 Densmotar i s7 Densmolaris lI Densmo[ar i sl l

Iseroti us ]

42 3

F i g . 1 6 1 P e r m a n e n t e e t h , D e n t e s e r m a n e n t e s ;mesiaI iew.




F i g . 1 6 5 M a x i l . t a , a x i t L a , i t h d e c i d u o u s e e t h ,D e n t e s e c i d u i , n d h e i r s t p e r m a n e n t o o t h ;L e f t : m e d i a n i m e of e r u p t i o n n m o n t h s M l ;r i g h t : r d e r o f e r u p t i o n .

9 - 1 3

9-12 Y

10.-13.

1 8 - 4 0 Y

Fig.165 MaxiLta, axit l .a, i th permanent eeth, Dentesp e r m a e n t e s ;l e f t : m e d i a n i m e o f er u p t i o n n years Y l ;r i g h t :o r d e r o f e r u p t i o n .



Topography Organ reas I Sect ionsSativarygtands Topography

Dens aninus deciduus)

Dentesmolares decidui)

Dentesmolares decidui)

Dens aninus permanens)

Dentes remolares

Dens aninus

Dentes remolares. adices

Canalismandibulae

Dens molaris permanens) l

Dens molaris permanens)

Dentes remolares permanentes)

Foramen entale

F i g . 167 M a x i L t a , a x i t t a , n d m a n d i b t e , a n d i b u t a ,o f a 5 - y e a r- o [ d h i t d ;dec iduous e e t h a n d a n t a g e f p e r m a n e n t e e t h .

Dens molaris ll serotinus]

Dens molaris

F i g . 1 6 8 M a x i [ [ a , a x i L l a , n d m a n d i b L e , a n d i b u [ a ,o f a 2 0 - ye a r- o t d a [ e .

Dens molaris ll [serotinus]

Dens molaris l

tl

Foramen entale



> Head

Teeth, adiography

Arcus ygomaticus Canalis nf aorbitalis Pala tum urum Septum asi

S u n f a c e l S k e t e t m n l M u s e lMouth/0rat


Sinus maxillaris

Densmolaris l

Os hyoideum

lvleatus custicusexlernus

Proc condylaris

Palatum molle[Velum palatinum]

Canalis mandibulae

Dens caninus

Foramen mentale Densincis ivusl

Densincisivus

Denspremolaris

Denspremolaris l

Densmolaris

F i g . 6 9 M a x i t L a , a x i I L a ,n d m a n d i b L e , a n d i b u L a ;p a n o r a m i c a d i o g r a p h ;w i t h o u tw i s d o m e e t h .



Topography | Organ reas I Sect ionsSat iva ryg tands Topography

N ophthalmicus V/1]

N trigeminusV]

Ganglion rigeminale

N mandibularisV/31

N lingualis


N petrosus rolundus [Radix ympathica]M tensortympani

N petrosus inorN petrosus ajor Radix arasympathica]

Ganglion geniculi

N intermediusTuba uditiva

N facialislvi l l

Cellulae mastoideae

Cavitas ympani

N, ympanicus

Foramen tylomastoideum

N vagus X]N glossopharyngeuslX l

N caroticus nternus

A carotis nterna

N canalis pterygoidei

Ganglion terygopalatinum

Nn alveolares uperiores

N infraorbitalis

N mentalis

Plexus dentalis nferior

F i g . 1 7 0 M a x i t l a r y n d m a n d i b u t a r e r v e ,N n . m a x i t t a r i s V / 2 ] t m a n d i b u t a r i s V / 3 ]

Ganglion rigeminale N trigeminusV]Radix motoria

N mandibularisV/3]N. op hz N . m

/ N .Rr.ganglionaresIBadix ensorial

N, nfraorbitalis

R alveolarissuperior anterior

Sinus maxillaris

N. infraorbitalis

Rr alveolaressuperiores nteriores,Plexus entalis uperior

Rr alveolares uoeriores ediiFl alveolaris uoerior edius

Br alveol res uDeriores osteriores

lnnervation teeth

Fig . 71 Pterygopalat ineangLion,angtion terygopaLatinum



Fig.172 Hard nd oft aLate,Pa ta tum urum t motte;in fe r io riew.

Palatumdurum

Palatummoile

Dens ncisivus medialis)

Dens ncisivus(lateralis)

Dens aninus

Sur face lSke te ton l MuscMouth/Orat

Papilla ncisiva

Plicae palatinaeIransversae

Palatum urum

Raphe palati

Palatum ollelvelumpalatinuml

Arcuspalatoglossus

Arcuspalatopharyngeus

Uvula alatina

Dens remolaris

Dens remolarisl

Dens molaris

Dens molaris l

Dens molaris ll[serotinus]

N nasopalatinus

Rr alveolaressuperiores osteriores

Nn palatini

F i g . 1 7 3 S e n s i b l e n n e r v a t i o n f h e p a t a t e ,P a L a t u m , n d m a x i l t a ,M a x i t t a .O v e r l a p p i n g r e a s f n n e r v a t i o n r e n d i c a t e dt r a n s i t i o n f c o l o u r s .

Raphe palati

a A. palatina ajor

a N. palatinus aior


oy

Glandulae palatinae

Hamulus terygoideus

M uvulae

Arcus palatopharyngeus

Arcus alatoglossus

Tonsilla alatina

lsthmus aucium

Hamulus terygoideus

a M. constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars glossopharyngea

a M buccinator

Raphe terygomandibularis

a M. palatoglossus

e N lingualis

a M.constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars glossopharyngea

Fig. 171 Ora[ cavity,Cavitas r is , an dmuscLes f he p a t a t e ,M m . p a l a t i .

Dorsum inguae

a M. palatopharyngeus




Plica glossoepiglottica mediana

Tonsillaingualis; ryptae onsillares

Foramen aecum inguae

Sulcus erminalisinguae

Fossulae onsillares,Cryptae onsillares

Dorsum inguae,Pars posterior

Papillae vallatae

Papillae oliatae

Papillae ungiformes

Papillae iliformes

Apex inguae

N. glossopharyngeuslX l

Plica glossoepiglottica Iateralis

Radix inguae

M. palatopharyngeus

Tonsilla palatina

M palatoglossus

(Plica riangularis)

Arcus alatoglossus

(Papillae onicae)

Dorsum inguae,Pars anterior

Margo inguae

Corpus inguae

Sulcusmedianus inguae

F i g . 1 7 5 To n g u e , i n g u a .

Bitter

Sour

Salty

Sweel

Fig.176 Innervat ion nd aste ategories t hedorsum f he onoue .

Palatum ollelvelum palatinuml

Fossa upratonsillaris

Tonsilla palatina


Arcuspalaloglossus


Tonsilla ingualis

II

Labium uperius

Vestibulumofls

Maxilla

Dorsumlinguae

Labium nferius

Vestibulumon s

Papilla oliata

Cavitas rispropria

Papillae vallatae

Fig.177 0raI cavity, avitas ris.



of th e

M. ongitudinalisuperior

Aponeurosis inguae

Tunicamucosa inguae

M transversus inguae

Mouth/Ora

Septum inguae


Radix inguae

Os hyoideum

Cartilago epiglotlica

Aditus aryngis

Venviculus aryngis

Mandibula

M.genioglossus

M. mylohyoideus M geniohyoideusCartilago hyroidea

F i g . 1 7 8 To n g u e ,median ec t ion .

L i n g u a , n d m u s c l e s f h e o n g u e , M m . i n g u a e ;

Aponeurosisinguae

Septumilnguae

M.vansversus inguae

Glandula ingualis Plica imbriata

Frenulum inguae Facies nferioringuae

F i g . 179 Tongue , i n g u a , n d m u s c l e s f h e o n g u e , M m . i n g u a e ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n h r o u g h h e i p o f h e o n g u e .

M verticalis inguae M longitudinalissuperior

M transversus inguae

M longitudinalisinferior

Mm.genioglossus

F i g .1 8 0 To n g u e , i n g u a , n d m u s c l e s f h e o n g u e , M m . i n g u a e ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n t h e e v e [ f h e m i d d t e f h e o n o u e .



Topographya t iva ryg tands Topography

Hyoidbone and nfra- and suprahyoid muscles

Cornuminus

F i g . 1 8 1 H y o i d o n e , s h y o i d e um . Fig.182 Hyoid bone, 0s hyoideum.

Proc. tyloideus

M. digastricus, enter posterior

M thyrohyoideus

M. omohyoideus, enter uperior

M omohyoideus, enter nterior

M mylohyoideus

M geniohyoideus


Os hyoideum

M. sternohyoideus

M sternothyroideus

F i g . 1 8 3 M u s c u t a r uspens ion f h e h y o i d o n e



> Head

Suprahyoid uscles

(Raphe mylohyoidea)

Mouth/0ra

Protuberantiamentalis

M dioastricusventer nterior;

-lventer posterior

Alveolus entalismolar isll(Dens xtractus)

Foramen mentale

Tuberculummentale

Lig stylohyoideum

M stylohyoideus

l\4digastricus, endo ntermedius

N4 eniohyoideus

l\4digastricus, Ansa endinis)

Os hyoideum, orpus


Os hyoideum, ornuminus


F i g . 8 4 M a n d i b t e , a n d i b u t a , n d s u p r a h y o i d u s c l e s ,M m . s u o r a h v o i d ei

Spinamentalis uperior

M genioglossus

l\4mylohyoideus

Os hyoideum,Corpus

F i g . 1 8 5 M a n d i b L e , a n d i b u L a ; u p r a h y o i d usc tes ,M m .s u p r a h y o i d e i ,n d h y o i d o n e , 0 s y o i d e u m

Foramenmandibulae

Ramusmandibulae



Topographyativarygl.ands Topography

Mandibula

M longitudinalisnferior

Mandibula

M longitudinalisinferior

Corpus inguae

M genioglossusM geniohyoideus

Tunicamucosa ri s

M geniohyoideus

M. hyoglossus

Os hyoideum, orpus

Membrana thyrohyoidea

F i g . 1 8 6 To n g u e , i n g u a , n dtongue , m. inguae.

Papilla vallata

Radix inguae

M palatoglossus

M.styloglossus

M stylopharyngeus

M. constrictor haryngismedius

Os hyoideum, ornu majus

M thyrohyoideus

Dorsum inguae Papillae foliatae

muscles of the

M. hyoglossusM. palatoglossus

M.genioglossus

M. geniohyoideus

M chondroglossus


F i g . 1 8 7 To n g u e , i n g u a , n d m u s c t e s f het o n g u e , m . i n g u a e .

M. styloglossus

M. stylopharyngeus

M constrictor haryngismedius,Pars ceratopharyngea

M. constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars glossopharyngea

M. hyoglossus



> Head

Muscles f thetongue nd he pharynx

Mouth/0r

Apex inguae Frenulum inguae

M genioglossus

M. ongitudinalisnterior

M. hyoglossus

M. constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars lossopharyngea

M chondroglossus

M.constrictor haryngis edius,Pars hondropharyngea

M longitudinalisinlerior

M.geniohyoideus

Facies nferior inguae, Plica imbriata

Tunicamucosa ris

Septum inguae

M.genioglossus

M. palatoglossus

M.styloglossus

M. hyoglossus


M hyoglossus M sternohyoideus

M. geniohyoideus

F i g . 1 8 8 M u s c l e s f h e o n g u e , M m . i n g u a e .

M styloglossus M. palatoglossus

Tonsilla alatina

Os hyoideum,Cornuminus

Membrana hyrohyoidea

Cartilago hyroidea

F i g .1 8 9 M u s c t e s f h e o n g u e , M m . i n g u a e , ndmusctes of the pharynx, unica muscutaris pharyngis.

Proc. styloideus

Lig. tylohyoideum

M. stylopharyngeus

M.constrictor harvnqis uoerior.Pars glossopharynaei

M.constrictor haryngis edius,Pars chondropharyngea

M. constrictor haryngismedius,Pars ceratopharyngea


A.;V. aryngea uperior;N. aryngeus uperior

M. hyrohyoideus

M. constrictor haryngis nferior,Pars hyropharyngea

Mus



Topographyalivarygtands Topography

Ductus arotideus

Glandula arotideaaccessofla

M masseter

Fascia parotidea

l\4. ternocleidomastoideus:Fascia ervicaiis. amina uoerfcialis

Fascia masseterica

M orbicularis culia

Sinusmaxillaris

l\/axilla

Os hyoideum

M buccinator

Corpus diposum uccae

M risorius

M depressor nguli ris

Platysma

Fascia cervicalis. Lamina suDerficialis

v ; A l a c i a l i s F i g .1 9 0 P a r o t i d t a n d ,G t a n d u [ a a r o t i d e a .

Cartilago asi ateralis

a A carotis nterna

Proc. tyloideus

a A vertebralis

F i g . 1 9 1 P a r o t i d L a n d , t a n d u t a a r o t i d e a ,m a s t i c a t o r y u s c l e s ,M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n ;i n f e r i o r i e w.

lV temporalis

Proc coronoideus

M pterygoideus ateralis

N lingualis

N alveolaris nferior&

Proc condylaris

A

temporalis uperficialis

temporalis uperficialis

Cartilago uriculae

Glandula arotidea

A. alveolarisnlerior

Cavitas nasi

Plexus avernosus


Proc mastoideus a A occipitalis

and



jqt

> Head

Submandibular land

Platysma


Fascia cervicalis. amina suoerf cialis

M, mylohyoideus 6

Glandula ublingualis

l\/ digastricus,Venter nterior

genioglossus O

V subl ingual is

A. ingualis

Ganglion *submandibulare

l\/ geniohyoideus

M, mylohyoideus


M styloglossus

N hypoglossus Xll]

M mylohyoideus

A submentalis


F i g . 1 9 2 S u b m a n d i b u t a r t a n d ,G [ a n d u t a u b m a n d i b u [ a r i s .

A : V s u b m e n t a l i s a a * M pterygoideus medialis

A ;V facia l is a Ductus arotideus

Platysma N, ingualis Glandula arotidea ccessoria

Mouth/0ra

Nodi ymphoidei ubmandibulares

Glandula parotidea

* N facialis Vll],R colli

o V jugularis xterna

c M digastricus,Venter posterior

$ N hypoglossus Xll]

c l\/ stylohyoideus

a V thyroidea uperior

o A. hyroidea uperior

t M constrictor haryngis nferiol

o lvl thyrohyoideus

s M omohyoideus,Venter uperior

t M sternohyoideus

c M masseter;Fascia masseterica

Glandula arotidea

Nodus ymphoideussubmandibularis

Fascia ervicalis,Lamina uperficialis

a V retromandibularis

o M digastricus,Venter posterior

Ductus ubmandibularis

Glandulasubmandibularis

Fascia eruicalis,Lamina uperficialis

A ;V facia l is a

M hyoglossus s M. stylohyoideus o M. digastricus, enter nterior

F i g .1 9 3 M a j o r a L i v a r y t a n d s ,G l a n d u t a e a t i v a r i a e a j o r e s ;i n f e r o l a t e r a t v i e w.

Mus



TopographySativarygtands Topography

Su ma d bula and subli aual

Ductus ublinouales inores

Caruncula ublingualis

Ductus ublingualis ajor

M genioglossus


Glandula ublingualis Os hyoideumM mylohyoideus

F i g . 194 S u b m a n d i b u t a r t a n d ,G [ a n d u t a u b m a n d i b u t a r i s ,a n d s u b t i n g u a l . t a n d ,G t a n d u [ a u b [ i n g u a t i s .





M genioglossus

M mylohyoideusN. ingualis

M geniohyoideus

M. digastricus, enter nterior


N lingualis



Radix inguae N. hypoglossus Xll]

F i g .195 S u b L i n g u a L[ a n d ,G t a n d u t a u b t i n g u a t i s ,a n d s u b m a n d i b u t a r t a n d , l a n d u t a u b m a n d i b u t a r i s ;s u D e n o r t e w.

A. alveolaris inferior

N alveolaris inferior



Musc

Lingua,Facies nferior

Plica imbriata

Frenulum inguae

Plica ublingualis


Papilla uctus arotidei

Gingiva

Fig. 96 Opening f he excre toryuc tof he parot id tand , ap i t l a uc tusoarot idei .

Mouth/0ral

Oens molaris ll [serotinus]

Dens molaris l

Dens molaris

Dens remolaris l

Dens remolaris

Dens aninus

Dens ncisivus l

Fig.197 0pening f he excretory uc tof he submandibuLar[and , arunculasu t ino a i s .



Topography Organ reas I Sect ionsSativary lands Topography

Uvula alatina

M. palatoglossus

l\,4 tyloglossus

Mm pharyngis

N glossopharyngeuslxl s

M. hyoglossus O

A lingualis O


M hyoglossus

M. constrictor haryngis edius,Pars chondropharyngea

Maxilla

a N l ingual is

a M.genioglossus

a A. profunda inguae

Mandibula

a M. mylohyoideus

a M geniohyoideus

Fig . 98 Ar te r iesmedia Iv iew.

I N hypoglossus Xll]

a A sublingualis

and nerves f h e o n g u e , ingua;

* N palatinus ajor

o A. palatina majorNn,palatini inores

Uvula alatina

Tonsilla alatina

R tonsillaris

N. glossopharyngeus flXl a

A palatina ascendens, OR tonsillaris

O (A nasopalatina)

Canalis ncisivus

Dorsum inguae,Pars anterior

Papillae allatae

Mandibula

N glossopharyngeusilXl,,'Br linguales Tonsilla inoualis.

(Folliculi iri'guales)

F i g .1 9 9 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e p a L a t e , a L a t u m ,and h e r o o t of h e o n g u e , a d i x i n g u a e ;m e d i a I i e w.

Arteries nd nerves f the oral cavitv



N ; A ; V s u b l i n g u a l i s * O a

A l ingual is ;V comitans ervi y poglossi

> Head

Vessels nd nerves f the ongue nd he arynx


Caruncula ubl ingual is



Septum inguae

Glandula ingualis

Plica imbriata

F i g . 2 0 0 Ve s s e t s n d n e r v e s f h e o n g u e , i n g u a;m a j o r s a I i v a r y [ a n d s ,G t a n d u [ a e a t i v a r i a e a j o r e s ,a n d a r y n x , a r y n x ;a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i o r i e w.

MouthlOra

Ductus ublinguales inores

Plica ublingualis

a M genioglossus

a M geniohyoideus

Glandula ubl ingual is

a M styloglossus

0 M hyoglossus

a M mylohyoideus


a M digastricus, enter nterior

a M stylohyoideus

Os hyoideum

a M omohyoideus, enter uperior

a M sternohyoideus

a M thyrohyoideus

a l/. constrictor haryngisnferior

(Lobus yramidalis, ar.)

C M,sternothyroideus

N lingualis


N hypoglossus Xll]

M mylohyoideus


Cartilago hyroidea

M cricothyroideus

Cartilago ricoidea

A : V laryngea uperior: oN. aryngeus uperior


) 20 +,218,23r+,237

Musc



Topography | 0rgan areas I Sect ionsSativarygtands Topography

A subl ingual is

N. sublingualis

N. lingualis a

M hyoglossus O

A. profunda inguae

A sublingualis

A lingualis

A thyroidea uperior O

M.geniohyoideus

Os hyoideum


A thyroidea uperior,R. glandularis nterior

M cricothyroideus

Vessels nd nerves f the

o M genioglossus


O O A.;V subl ingual is

O A. profunda inguae

, N lingualis

a V profunda inguae

a M.styloglossus

a N hypoglossus Xll]

O V lingualis

a M hyoglossus

a A. carotis externa

o N laryngeus uperior,R. nternus

a Bifurcatio arotidis

a A laryngea uperior

o A. hyroidea uperior

o A c arotis ommunis

Cartilagohyroidea

Glandula hyroidea,Lobus sinister

lsthmus landulae hyroideae

F i g , 2 0 1 Ve s s e t s n d n e r v e s f h e ongue ,L i n g u a , n d h e h y r o i d t a n d ,G [ a n d u [ a h y r o i d e a ;a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i o r i e w.



frontal ection


Falx cerebri

Sinus agittalis uperior

Spatium ubarachnoideum

8 N. supraorbitalis, medialis

Arachnoidea ater ranialis

Galea aponeurotica

o N. supraorbitalis, lateralis

Sinus rontalis

a A supraorbitalis

o N suoraorbitalis

o M obliquus uoerioro M levator alpebrae uperioris,

M. ectus uperior

o A. acrimalis

Glandula acrimalis

a N opticus lll;O a V;A centralis etinae

a R. zygomaticus Vll)

a M. rectus ateralis

a M rectusmedialis

Corpus diposum rbitae

o M rectus nferior

a N infraorbitalis

a M masseter

Sinus maxillaris

Ductus arotideus

a M buccinator

o a A ; V. l i n g u a l i s

Duramater ranialis

M. emporalis


Septum asi

Concha nasalisinferior

A transversa aciei a

R. buccalis Vll)O

Dens molaris l

A. ;V acia l is a



V;A.; N.alveolarisnferjor a a

Platysma

M. mylohyoideus

M. digastricus, enter nteriora M.genioglossus

a M geniohyoideus

Fig.202 Fronta[ ection hrough he head of a 48-year-otd matea t h e eve[ f he second pper m o t a r o o t h ;a n t e r i o r i e w.



Topography 0rgan areas I Sections

Duramater ranialis;Arachnoidea ater ranialis

Falxcerebri

M. evator alpebraesupenofls

Glandula acrimalis

M. rectus uoerior

Sutura ontozygomatica

M.obliquus uperior

M. rectus ateralis

Retina

M. rectus nferior

Sutura ygomaticomaxillaris

M. masseter

N. nfraorbitalis

A. acialis

A. ingualis

M. genioglossus

Sinus agittalis uperior (Sutura rontalis)Galea aooneurotica

O Platysma

M.geniohyoideus /M. mylohyoideus a M. digastricus, enter nterior

F i g . 2 0 3 F r o n t a l e c t i o n h r o u g h he head o f a n e o n a t eat the [eve[ of the second upper molar ooth;a n t e r i o r i e wNote he absence f the maxittary inus and he ctose proximityo f h e o o t h a n t a g e o t h e o r b i t .

a M. rectus medialis

Septum asi


molaris l

Lingua

Corpus adiposum uccae



a O O N.:A.:V. alveolarisnferior



> Neck

Muscles f he neck nd racheotomv

Glandula ubmandibular is

M masseter

Glandula arotidea

Surface .32 | Sketeton

M mylohyoideus

M digastricus,Venter osterior

Glandulaparotidea

M. stylohyoideus

l\4 evator capulaeM sternohyoideus

l\4 digastricus

l\4 hyoglossusM sternocleidomastoideus

M splenius ervicisM levatorscapulae

Lig thyrohyoideum edianum

A carotis ommunis; jugularis nternaM thyrohyoideus

lvl sternothyroideusM. scalenus edius

M omohyoideus, endoFascia cervicalis. Lamina oretrachealis

Plexus rachialis. ars uoraclavicularisM.scalenus nterior

M omohyoideus, Venter nferiorM trapezius

Clavicula

lvl pectoralismajor,Pars lavicularis

) T 8 , T 9 , T 1 0 , T 11

lvl subclavius

F i g . 2 0 1 M u s c l e s f h e n e c k , M m . c o L [ i .

Arcus enosus

M scalenus edius

lvl ongus apitis

Cartilagohyroidea

M omohyoideus

Lig. ricothyroideum edianumlvl cricothyroideusArcus cartilaginis ricoideae

M sternohyoideusGlandula hyroidea

M scalenus edius


l\4 deltoideus

M. pectoralis major,Pars clavicularis

Os hyoideum

Cartilago thyroidea

Cartilago cricoidea


F i g .205 S u rg i c a I c c e s s o t h e r a c h e aw i t h h e n e c k hyperextended.* C o n i o t o m y** U p p e r r a c h e o t o m yaboveh e s t h m u s f h e h y r oi d t a n d J***L o w e rr a c h e o t o m yb e L o wh e s t h m u s f he hyro id t a n d )

jugularis.

V, ugularis nterior



Cervical ascia

Ramus mandibulae

Proc styloideus

Fascia cervicalis,Lamina supedicialis

V jugularis xterna

M omohyoideus,Venter nferior

Trigonum moclaviculare

Platysma

M stylohyoideus,Tendo

Fascia cervicalis

Mandibula

M mylohyoideus

M digastricus,Venter nterior

lvl omohyoideus, enter uperior

M,sternohyoideus

Fascia cervicalis. amina Dretrachealis

Fascia cervicalis,Lamina superficialis

Clavicula

Trigonum moclaviculare

PlatysmaTrachea


Fascia masseterica;lvl masseter

M.styloglossus

lvl digastricus, enter posterior

Lig stylohyoideum

M. sternocleidomastoideus

Fascia cervlcalis, amina superf cialis

M. stylohyoideus

Fascia cervicalis. Lamina suoerf cialis

M.omohyoideus


F i g . 2 0 6 C e r v i c a I a s c i a , F a s c i a c e r v i c a L i s .

F a s c i a e r v i c a I i s

Yellow: Lamina superf cialis

Red: Laminapretrachealis

Green: Lamina prevertebralis

F i g . 2 0 7 a , b S c h e m a f h e c e r v i c a I a s c i a

a Transverse ection

b M e d i a n e c t i o n



Skeleton V

Muscles f the neck


M mylohyoideus

Os hyoideum

M omohyoideus, enter uperior

M sternohyoideus

M thyrohyoideus

M constrictor haryngis nferior

Glandula hyroidea, obus inister


Clavicula

M.omohyoideus,Venter nferior

lvl.pectoralismajor,Pars sternocostalis

) T 8 , 9 , 1 0 , 1

M stylohyoideus

Glandula parotidea

Lig stylohyoideum; stylopharyngeus

l\/ digastricus, enter osterior


M semispinalis apitis

M.splenius apitis

lvl levator capulae

M,scalenus nterior

M scalenus edius

M scalenusosterior

M trapezius

M deltoideus

F i g .208 Muscles f he neck , M m . c o t l . i





Skeleton V

Skeleton f the arynx

Incisura hyroideasupenor

Prominentialaryngea

Lamina inistra

Tuberculumhyroideumnferius

F i g . 2 1 O T h y r o i d a r t i t a g e , a r t i t a g o h y r o i d e a ;viewed rom the Left .

Colliculus

Fovea riangularis

Crista rcuata

Foveaooronga

Procmusculans

Arcus cartilaginis ricoideae

Fig.212 CartiLages f the [arynx,C a r t i [ a g i n e sa r y n g i s ;v e n t r o s u p e r i o r i e w.


F i g . 2 1 5 E p i g L o t t i c a r t i l a g e ,C a r t i t a g o p i g t o t t i c adorsaI iew.

Cornu uperius

Tuberculumthyroideumsupeflus

Linea bliqua

Cornu nferius

Lamtnadextra

Prominentialaryngea

Linea obliqua

Cornu uperius

Tuberculumthyroideumsupenus

Laminasinistra

Tuberculumthyroideuminferius

Cornu nferiuslnclsura

thyroideainferior

F i g . 2 11 T h y r o i d a r t i L a g e , a r t i t a g o h y r o i d e a ;v e n t r a I i e w.

Lig vocale

vd, uragu

arytenoidea;Articulatio

cricoaMenoidea

Lamina cartilaginiscricoideae

Fig.213 Carti lages f the [arynxC a r t i t a i n e s L a r y n gs ;d o r s a t v i e w.

Facies articulares arytenoideae


Facies rticularishyroidea

F i g .2 1 6 C r i c o i d a r t i t a g e ,C a r t i t a g o r i c o i d e a ;v e n t r o s u p e r i o r i e w.

F i g . 2 11 C a r t i L a g e s f h e a r y n x ,C a r t i t a gn e s L a r y n g i s ;viewed rom the Left .


F i g .2 1 7 C r i c o i d a r t i t a g e ,C a r t i t a g o r i c o i d e a ;d o r s a I i e w.

Proc vocalis;Lig vocale



Musc[es

Hyoid oneand skeleton

Os hyoideum. Cornu minus

Lig thyrohyoideum aterale


Lig thyrohyoideum medianum

Cartilago hyroidea, Lamina dextra

Incisura hyroidea uperior

Lig cricothyroideum edianum

Arcus artilaginis ricoideae

Lig cricotracheale


Cartilago triticea

Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum

Petiolus piglottidis

Cartilago hyroidea, amina inistra

Cartilago rytenoidea

Lig cricoarytenoideum

CaDSUla rticularis ricothvroidea

Lig cricotracheale

Cartilagines racheales

Fig.218 Larynx, arynx,and hyoid o n e , s h y o i d e u m ;ventraI iew.

Os hyoideum, ornu minus


Cartilago piglottica

var uragu u rueca

Cartilagohyroidea, ornu uperius

Cartilagohyroidea, ornu nferius

Capsula rticularis ricothyroidea

Cartilaoines tracheales





Cartilago orniculata

Capsula rticularis ricoarytenoidea



Lig cricopharyngeum

Ligg anularia

F i g . 2 1 9 C a r t i l a g e s f h e a r y n x , a r t i t a g i n e s aryngis ,a n d h y o i d o n e , 0 s y o i d e u m ;dorsaI iew.



Sketeton

and skeleton f

Thyroid Land P

Os hyoideum



Petiolus piglottidis

Lig hyroepiglotticum

Cartilago hyroidea

Lig,vocale

Conus lasticus


Arcus artilaginisricoideae

Cartilaoines racheales

Os hyoideum

Lig hyoepiglotticum

Bursa nfrahyoidea


Corpus diposum reepiglotticum

Lig thyroepiglotticum

Lig vestibulare

Lig vocale


Fig.220 Larynx,Larynx,and hyoid one , s hyoideum;viewed rom the Left .

l\4embrana hyrohyoidea

Lig cricopharyngeum

Cartilagines Menoideae

Proc vocalis

Lamina cartilaginis ricoideae






Lig cricopharyngeum

Cartilago rytenoidea


Lig cricopharyngeum


Pharynx, unica mucosa

Fig.221 Larynx, Larynx,and hyoid o n e , s h y o i d e um ;m e d i a n e c t i o n ;m e d i a I v i e w.

Ligg anulariaTrachea, Paries membranaceus



Musctes

Laryngealmuscles


Articulatioricothyroidea

Conus lasticus


Cartilago hyroidea

Proc.muscularis]I

Ca'lilagoaMenoideaProc. ocalis )


F i g . 2 2 2 C a r t i t a g e s fand v o c a l i g a m e n t , i g .v e n t r o s u p e r i o r i e w.


Cartilago orniculata

Conus lasticus

Lig.vocale


t h e a r y n x , a r t i L a g i n e s a r y n g i s ,voca .e:

a C r i c o t h y r o i d u s c t e ,M. c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s

L a t e r a I r i c o - a r y t e n o i d usc te ,M . c r i c o a r y t e n o i d eu sa t e r a t i s

F i g .223 a - d S c h e m a h o w i n g he unct ionso f h e a r y n g e a I u s c l e s , M m . a r y n g i s ;y e l t o w r r o w s : e n s i o n f h e v o c a [ i g a m e n t ;r e d a r r o w s : m u s c t e o n t r a c t i o n :b I u e a r r o w s : d i r e c t i o n f r o t a t i o n :

0 b t i q u e n d r a n s v e r s e r y t e n o i d u s c l e s ,M m .a r y t e n o i d e i b t i q u u s t t r a n s v e r s u s

Posterior r ico-arytenoidusc[e ,M.cricoarytenoideusoster ior

the musctes n h e e f t a r e e [ a x e d ; t h o s e n he r ightare contracted:s u D e n o r t e w.



> Neck

Laryngeal uscles

Os hyoideum, ornu minus

Os hyoideum, orpus






M. cricothvroideus. ars ecta

lMcricothyroideus, ars bliqua


Cartilago riticea


Tuberculum uneiforme

Cartilago orniculataCartilago rytenoidea

M arytenoideus bliquusM aMenoideus ransversus

M. cricoarytenoideus osterior


Trachea, aries membranaceus

Thyroid tand P

Fig.221 Cricothyroid uscte,M.cricothyroideus;ventraL iew rom he Left.



Cartilago triticea


Cartilago hyroidea. Lamina sinistra

Linea obliqua

Cartilago hyroidea, ornu nferius



Epiglottis

Os hyoideum

Lig hyoepiglotticum



lvl. hyroarytenoideus,Pars hyroepiglottica

lvlarytenoideus bliquus,Pars aryepiglottica

M, hyroaMenoideus

M cricoarytenoideusateralis\

Pars ecla II M cricothyroideusHars DilquaJ

Fig.225 LaryngeaId o r s a I i e w r o m h e

Cartilago rachealis

m u s c t e s , M m . a r y n g i s ;r i ght .

Skele ton V



Laryngeal uscles

Epiglottis


M thyroarytenoideus,Pars hyroepiglottica

M thyroarytenoideus

l/ arytenoideus bliquus


Cartilago ricoidea, Lamina

Trachea. ariesmembranaceus


Cartilago riticea


Tuberculum piglotticum

M aMenoideustransversus

Ventriculusaryngis

M arytenoideus bliquus

M cricoaMenoideusoosterior

Cartilago cricoidea, Lamina

Fig.226 Laryngeal usctes, m laryngis;dorsaI iew.


Cartilagoriticea

Cartilago uneiformis

M arytenoideus bliquus,Pars aryepiglottica

Cartilago orniculataCartilago rytenoidea

M, arvtenoideusransversus


M cricoaMenoideusposterior

Cartilago rachealis

Os hyoideum, ornu majusEpiglottis

Plica vocalis

M vocalisM. cricothyroideus

M cricoarvtenoideusateralis

Cartilago ricoidea, Lamina

Cartilago rachealis

Cadilago hyroidea, ornu uperiusCartilago uneiformis

Canilago corniculata

Plica estibularis

Cartilago arytenoidea

Fig.227 Larynx, arynx;s e c t i o n e d o m d o r s a L n h e m e d i a n Laneand separa ted i t h hooks ;d o r s a I i e w.



Fig. 228a, b Laryngoscopy.

a Ind i rec taryngoscopyb Direc t , ndoscopic aryngoscopy

Fig. 229 Direct aryngoscopy;r e s p i r a t o r y o s i t i o n .

Fig.230 Direc taryngoscopy;phonation os i t ion .

Fig. 31 Direct aryngoscopy;whispering os i t ion .

Plica vocalis

Cartilago arytenoidea;Cartilago orniculata

Recessus piriformis

Epiglottis

VentriculisaryngisPlica ocalis

Plica ryepiglottica

Cartilago rytenoidea;Cartilago orniculata

Thyroid tand P

Rima glottidis

Plica vestibularis

tnctsurainterarytenoidea

Rima glottidisPlica vestibularis

Inctsurainterarytenoidea

Rima lottidis,Pars ntermembranacea

Plica estibularis



Musctes 0rgans Topography Sections

Lig.hyoepiglotticum


Os hyoideum

Bursa nfrahyoidea

VestibulumaryngisLig thyrohyoideummedianum

Lig. hyroepiglotticum

Cartilagohyroidea

Badix inguae

Ventriculusaryngis

Cavitas nfraglottica

Plica estibularis

Ventriculusaryngis

Plica vocalis






Os hyoideum

Lig. hyrohyoideum edianum

Lig thyroepiglotticum

Cartilagohyroidea


Cartilagines tracheales

Fig.232 Larynx, arynx.

Radix inguae Lig hyoepiglotticum

Fig. 33 Larynx, arynx;pos i t ion f he ep ig to t t i suring wattowing.

Canilago epiglottica


Conus lasticus

Tunicamucosa


(Spatium esophagotracheale)

Trachea

l\4 arytenoideus ransversus






Musctes 0rgans Topography Sect ions

Sacculus aryngis

Glandulae aryngeales

M thyroarytenoideust

l\4 vocalis &

Sacculus aryngis

Ventriculusaryngis

Plica vocalis

a l\4 hyroarytenoideus


Articulatio ricoaMenoidea

Cavitas haryngis

^ ^ * i r ^ ^ ^v a r u r d 9 u

thyroidea,Lamina inistra

Cartilago aMenoidea

Recessuspiriformis

lvl constrictor haryngis rmedtus

M constrictor haryngisinterior

N laryngeus uperior

A laryngea uperior

W laryngeae uperiores

Cartilago hyroidea,Lamina sinistra

Recessus iriformis

Tunica ucosa

M cricoaMenoideusposterior

Rima glottidis

, N laryngeus uperior, internus


a W laryngeae uperiores

Plica vestibularis

Cavitas pharyngis

Mm arytenoideitransversus t obliqui

Plexus enosus haryngeus

F i g . 2 3 5 L a r y n x , a r y n x .The w h i t e a r r o w n d i c a t e s h e c o n n e c t i o n e t w e e nthe aryngeaI e n t r i c L e n d h e a r y n g e a I a c c u l e .

Lig vocalea M vocalis

Larynx, ra nsverse ections

' .-fi. 'n+j

^^ t ' .

Fig.236 Larynx, arynx.

o l\4 constrictor haryngis nferior



Surface .32 | SketetonThyroidgtand Ph

Cornu inus Os hyoideum, orpus

Cornumajus



Bursae nfrahyoideae

Lig, hyrohyoideum edianum

Cartilagohyroidea, amina extra

Lig cricothyroideum medianum

Glandula hyroidea, obus exter

Fig.237 Thyroid tand, Gtanduta hyroidea,and [arynx, Larynx.

Os hyoideum, orpus


Prominentiaaryngea

Lig. ricothyroideum edianum



Cartilago riticea


Glandula hyroidea; Lobus yramidalis, ar

M cricothyroideus

Glandulahyroidea, obus inister


F i g . 2 3 8 T h y r o i d L a n d , [ a n d u t a h y r o i d e a ,a n d a r y n x , a r y n x .




Fascia cervicalis, amina pretrachealis

Cartilago rachealis

Plexus hyroideusmpar lsthmus landulae hyroideae

Paries membranaceusVertebra ervicalis ll

F i g . 2 3 9 T h y r o i d Land, L a n d u | . ah y r o i d e a ;h o r i z o n t a Le c t i o n .


Vestibulumaryngis

Thyroid land, sections

Fascia cervicalis. Lamina suoerf cialis

a Platysmao V jugularis nterior


R cardiacus ceruicalis :su penor

Glandula parathyroideainlerior

Ganglion ceruico- tthoracicum stellatum]

l\/ longus collia

M scalenus anterior a

l\4 scalenus medius o

a M.sternohyoideus

a lvlsternothyroideus

O M sternocleidomastoideus

Trachea

Oesophagus

& N, aryngeus ecurrens

O V jugularisnterna

o A carotis ommunis

& N vagus X]

Truncus ugularisdexter

a a A ; V v e r t e b r a l i s

Fascia cervicalis, amina prevertebralis

Os hyoideum

a A thyroideanferior

M arytenoideus bliquus,Pars aryepiglottica

Sacculus aryngis

l\/ thyrohyoideus

lvlembrana hyrohyoidea

Membrana uadrangularis

Fascla cervicalis,Lamina pretrachealis

Lig vestibulare

Rima vestibuli

Ventriculus aryngis

Cartilago hyroidea

Lig vocale

A; V thyr oidea uperior

Bima glottidis

Cavitas infraglottica

Cartilago ricoidea

Lig cricotracheale

I

Plica vestibularis

Plica vocalis

lvlconstrictor haryngisinferior,Pars hyropharyngea

M sternothyroideus

M cricoarytenoideuslateralis

lvl vocalis

l\4 cricothyroideus

Conus lasticus

Glandula hyroidea

Trachea

F i g . 2 t 0 T h y r o i d [ a n d , G L a n d u I . ah y r o i d e a ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n .

Cartilago rachealis

Glandula arathyroideanterior



subl ingual is

A lingualis

M hyoglossus

A thyroidea uperior

A carotis xterna )

l\ilgeniohyoideus

Os hyoideum

lvlembranahyrohyoidea

Mm infrahyoidei

Fascia ceruicalis,Lamina pretrachealis

Glandula hyroidea,Lobus dexter

A carotiscommunts

l\4 longus colli

Glandula hyroidea,Lobus dexter

A. hyroidea uperior,R glandularis nterior

M cricothyroideus


Lig cricothyroideum medianum

lsthmus glandulae hyroideae

Surface .32 | Skel.etonThyroid tand Ph

* N. hypoglossus Xll]

o V lingualis

a M hyoglossus

a A carotis exlerna

& N laryngeus uperior,R internus

a Bifurcatioarotidis


OA thyroidea supenor

O A carot is ommunis

Cartilagohyroidea

F i g . 2 11 Ve s s e l s n d n e r v e s f h e h y r o i dL a n d ,

G t a n d u L ah y r o i d e a , n d h e a r y n x , a r y n x .

Cutis


Cartilagorachealis

Vertebracervicalis ll

F i g . 2 1 2 T h y r o i d t a n d ,G t a n d u t a h y r o i d e a ;o b I i q u e t t r a s o u n d mage n vent rodorsaL i r e c t i o n ;i n f e r i o r i e w r i g h t , 0 0 % )* U l t r a s o u n dh a d o w f h e r a c h e a



Pathological nlargement f the hyroid land

F i g . 2 1 3 T h y r o i d L a n d , [ a n d u t a h y r o i d e a ;e n [ a rg e m e n t f h e h y r o i d l a n d w i t h h r e e o b v i o u s o de s , t r u m a nodosa .

Mm intrahyoidei

V jugularis xterna

Trachea

Corpus ertebrae

[/ erector pinae

Clavicula dextra

Manubrium terni

Fig.21t+ Neck, Cottum;c o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c C T l e c t i o n ;inferior iew.The r a c h e a s d ispLaced o w a r d s h e r i g h t b y a p a t h o l o g i c a l t yn t a rg e dnode o f h e h y r o i d l . a n d .

Costa

Proc. pinosus

* Node of he thyroid tand

Mandibula

V jugularis

Costa

Clavicula inistra

* Node of the hyroid tand

Fig.245 Neck, Cotlum;3 - d i m e n s i o n a I e c o n s t r u c t i o n r o m c o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c C T ) e c t i o n ss h o w i n g heaviLy n t a rg e d e f t o b e f h e h y r o i d l a n d ;s a m e p a t i e n t s n F i1 .244.



> Neck

Nasal and pharyngeal avity, aramedian ection

Plica salpingopalatina

Torus evatorius

Vestibulum as i

Palatum molle

lvl genioglossus

Os nasale

V brachiocephalica inistra a

Nodus ymphoideus ervicalis anterior

Sinus phenoidalisAlavomeris inistra

Trachea

a Truncus rachiocephalicus

Ostium haryngeum ubae uditivae;Torus ubarius

Tonsilla haryngea


Plica salpingopharyngea

Atlas C ]

Septum asi

Mandibula

M geniohyoideus


Os occipitale

Lig, ransversum tlantis

Tonsilla alatina

Pharynx

Spatium etropharyngeum


Tuberculum orniculatum

Lig longitudinaleposterius

Lamina artilaginis ricoideae

Spatium pidurale

Duramater pinalis

Lig longitudinalenterius

Fascia cervicalis,Lamina prevertebralis

(Spatiumretrooesophageum)

M mylohyoideus

Os hyoideumLig thyrohyoideum medianum

Lig hyoepiglotticumCartilago epiglottica

Corpus adiposum preepiglotticum

Lig thyroepiglotticu mCartilagohyroidea

Plica estibularis; lica ocalis

cricothyroideusA V thyroidea uperior); oLig cricothyroideum edianum


Fascia ceruicalis, amina superf cialis

Fascia ceruicalis, amina pretrachealis

lsthmus landulae hyroldeae

V thyroideanferior

Arcus enosus ugularis

M sternothyroideus

Manubrium terni

Oesophagus

(Spatium oesophagotracheale)

F i g , 2 t 6 N a s a I a v i t y, a v i t a s as i ;o r a I c a v i t y, a v i t a s r i s ; p h a r y n x , h a r y n x ,and a r y n x , a r y n x ;p a r a m e d i a n e c t i o n .

Sketeton



M. procerus

M levatorlabii uperioris

alaeque asi

M. evatorlabiisuperioris

M. zygomaticus inor

M levator ngulioris

Ductus arotideus;M. buccinator

M.orbicularis ris,Pars abialis

M.depressor nguli ris

M mentalis

Platysma

M. mylohyoideus

M. digastricus, enter nterior

Proc. pterygoideus, amina ateralis

M zygomaticus ajor

M. hyoglossus

M. sternohyoideus

M. omohyoideus

M. hyrohyoideus

Carlilago hyroidea,Lamina inistra

Arcuszygomaticus

M. tensor veli Dalatini

M. evator eli palatini

Fascia haryngo-basilaris

M. stylo-hyoideus

Condylus

occipitalisProcmastoideus

Pars chondropharyngea I M. constrictorl pnaryngrs

Pars ceratopharyngea , medius

M. digastricus,Venter posterior

Proc. tyloideusHamulus terygoideus

Lig stylohyoideumRaphe pterygomandibularis

M. styloglossusM. stylopharyngeus

M. digastricus, enter osteriot

M. stylohyoideus


A.;V. aryngea uperior;N. aryngeus uperior


M. constrictor haryngis nterior,Pars cricopharyngea

Oesophagus

Cartilago rachealis

M. constrictor haryngis nferior,Pars hyropharyngea

f Pars ectaM. cricothyroideus .l pars obliqua\

'I2J

Pars pterygopharyngea IPars buccopharyngea [ ^, ,eari myiopharyig6a I

M' constrictor haryngis uperiorPars glossopharyngea I

Fig,247 Pharyngeal usc tes , m. pharyngis ,and acia[ uscles . m. aciei .



> Neck

Pharyngeal uscles

Synchondrosispetrooccipitalis

M levatorvelipalatini

Lig. stylohyoideum

M stylohyoideusM. pterygoideus edialis

Glandula arotidea

M. digastricus, enter osterior

M pterygoideus edialisMandibula

Glandula ubmandibularisM. styloglossus

M stylohyoideus


Raphe haryngis


Glandulae arathyroideae uperior t inlerior

Oesophagus, unicamuscularis

(Fasciculus uscularisaccessorius)

Li9. phenomandibulare

Proc. tyloideus

M. constrictorpharyngis uperior,

Pars pterygopharyngeaM stylohyoideus

M digastricus, enter osteriorM constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars buccopharyngea

M. stylopharyngeusM styloglossus

Lig. tylomandibulareM constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars mylopharyngea

M. pterygoideus edialis

M. stylohyoideus

M. digastricus, enter posterior

M constrictor haryngis uperior,Pars glossopharyngea

M constrictor haryngismedius,Pars chondropharyngea

M constrictor haryngismedius, Pars ceratopharyngea

M. constrictor haryngis nferior, ars hyropharyngea

M. constrictor haryngis nferior, ars cricopharyngea


Glandula hvroidea. obus exter

Glandulae arathyroideae uperior t inferior

Fig.248 Pharyngeat usc tes , m. pharyngis



Musctes

lnner contour f the pharynx

Concha nasalismedia

Synchondrosis etrooccipitalis Tonsilla haryngea

M levatorveli palatini

Becessuspnaryngeus

lvl digastricus,'Venter osterior

Glandula parotidea

Noduli ymphoidei pharyngeales



Uvula palatina


Lingua, Papillae allatae

Radix inguae; Papillae allatae

(Plica pharyngoepiglottica)

Epiglottis

Plica aryepiglottica

Tuberculum cuneiforme;Cartilago cuneiformis

Tuberculum orniculatumCartilago corniculata

Glandulae parathyroideae inferiores

Levels of the pharynx;A N a s o p h a r y n x , ars nasa t i s h a r y n g i sB 0 r o p h a r y n x , a r s o r a t i s h a r y n g i sC L a r y n g o p h a r y n x , ypopharynx,

P a r s a r y n g e a h a r y n g i s


Proc. tyloideus

Torus ubarius

Ostium haryngeumtubae uditivae

Plica salpingopalatina

Torus evatorius


Lig. stylomandibulare

PlicasalpingopharyngeaGlandulae haryngeales

Septum as i

palatina


thyroidea, ornu uperius

Plica erui aryngei uperioris

Incisura nteraMenoidea

A; V. hyroidea nferior

Fig.219 Pharynx, harynx.

N. maxillaris V/2]

N glossopharyngeus X]

N vagus X]

I

F i g .2 5 0 S e n s i b l e n n e r v a t i o n f h e p h a r y n x , h a r y n x .



Sketeton

the parapharyngeal pace

N vagus X] ,,: N accessorius Xl],R internus

N, glossopharyngeuslXl *rBulbus uperiorvenae ugularis

SinusIransversus

Sinus - isigmoideus

Ganglionsu peflu

carotis nternaR auricularis

Proc mastordeusN accessorius Xl],t

R externus

Proc styloideus

N hypoglossus Xll] '

M stylopharyngeus

N, glossopharyngeuslXl *

R pharyngealis }

M digastricus, enter osterior

N laryngeus uperior

A carotis xterna )

N M constrictor haryngis uperior

a W pharyngeaeForamen ugulare

tOstemporale

a A meningeaposterior

i, N caroticusinternus

& Ganglion nferius(tx)

a A carotis nterna

a Ganglion nferius X)

x N jugularis Truncussympathicus)

Bamus mandibulae

& Ganglion ervicale uperius(Truncus ympathicus)

B pharyngealis r

A lacialis a

A lingualis

laryngeus uperior, , externusN laryngeus uperior, internus ,

l\4constrictor haryngis edius

A thyroidea uperior

Rr pharyngeales

M constrictor haryngis nferior0

Glandula hyroidea

A, hyroidea nferior

R cardiacus ceruicalis uDerior

o A pharyngea scendens

$ N glossopharyngeusxl

O A palatina ascendens

o A facialisa A lingualis

O A carotis xterna

a A thyroidea uperior

* N cardiacus ervicalis uperior(Truncus ympathicus)

o V jugularis nterna

O R, pharyngealis

*] N vagus X]a A carotis ommunis$ Plexus aroticus ommunis& Truncus ympathicus

a Bulbus nferior enae ugularis

O B pharyngealis

r&Ganglion ervicale edium

* Ganglion cervicothoracicum stellatum]

Oesophagus

Fig,251 VesseLs nd nerves of the pharynx, Pharynx,a n d h e p a r a p h a r y n g e a I p a c e , p a t i u m a t e r o p h a r y n g e u m .

., N cardiacus cervicalis medius(Truncus ympathicus)

252



Musctes

n*

Vessels nd ne

Tonsilla pharyngeaTruncus erui ccessorii, internus

N vagus X]N glossopharyngeus

Itxl

Sinus ransversus

Sinus igmoideus

Ganglion nferius X) :

N hypoglossus Xll]

Fasciapharyngobasilaris

Cartilago ubae auditivae;Ostium pharyngeum ubae auditivae

, N hypoglossus XIl]

I

Epiglottis

s N vagus X]

t N accessorius Xl]

a Bulbus uperiorvenae ugularis

a A carotis nterna

, N accessorius Xl],R externus

Torus ubarius

M digastricus, SVenter posterior

a A occipitalis

Proc mastoideus

*. Ganglion ervicale uperius(Truncus ympathicus)

M uvulae

Plica salpingopharyngea

Tonsilla aiatina


Plica aryepiglottica

Cartilago hyroidea,Cornu superius


Tuberculum orniculatum

Recessus iriformis,Plica erui aryngei uperioris

N vagus X]


Ganglion ervicale edium

A thyroidea nferior

Bulbus nferiorvenae ugularis

Truncus hyroceruicalis

Ganglion cervicothoracicum[stellatum]

A ; V s u b c l a v i a a a

V brachiocephalica inistra a

g M tensor elipalatini

6 M constrictor haryngissupeflor

t M salpingopharyngeus

0 M palatopharyngeus

A carotis ommunis

N laryngeus ecurrens

N vagus X]

Pars descendens ortae a

Fig.252 Vessels nd nerves of the pharynx, Pharynx,and h e p a r a p h a r y n g e a I p a c e , p a t i u m a t er o p h a r y n g e u m

Sulcus erminalis

Dorsum inguae,Pars posterior

s N laryngeus uperior;o o A ; V laryngeasuperior

& N vagus X]

a M.aMenoideus ransversus;M. aMenoideus bliquus

o M cricoarytenoideus osterior

E Truncus ympathicus,Plexus aroticus ommunis

Glandula hyroidea

Glandula arathyroideanlerior

a Truncus hyrocervicalis

s N vagus Xl ,R cardiacus ervicalis uperior

o Bulbus nferior enae ugularis

a A subclavia

a V subclavia

{r N vagus X]

, N laryngeus ecurrens

a V brachiocephalica extra


a Truncus rachiocephalicus

o V cava uperior

93751

231+



Sketeton o

/esse/s nd nerves f the neck

a V auricularis osterior'J N auricularis osterior Vll)

o A. auricularis osterior

a M epicranius,M occipitofrontalis,Venter ccipitalis

.' N occipitalis minor

s M sternocleidomastoideus

$ N auricularis agnus

e M levator capulae

* N accessorius xl ]

* lvl trapezius

. A occipitalis

a V occipitalis

* N occipitalismaJor

t Nn supraclaviculareslaterales

F i g .2 5 3 Ve s s e t s n d n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r n d h e a t e r a I e gi o nof he neck , R e g i o n e s e r v i c a t e s n t e r i o r t L a t e r aI i s ;superficia[ ayer.

Glandula arotidea

N auricularis agnus,Rr posteriores

V jugularis xterna

transversus olli,Rr superiores

Platysma



Muscles

Vessels nd

Platysma

V tacialis O

N lacialis Vll],R colli€

V retromandibularis

R communicans

V jugularis xterna

N transversus olli6

V jugularis nterior


Arcus enosus ugularis

Nn supraclaviculares,mediales

a V auricularis osterior

& N occipitalis minor

O A occipitalis

a V occipitalis

a N occ ipitalis major

I N auricularis agnus

O M.splenius apitis

a M levatorscapulae

O M. rapezius

a N. accessorius Xll

Nodi lymphoidei cervicaleslaterales. Nodi superficiales

a Nn supraclaviculareslaterales

o M omohyoideus

I Plexus brachialis

a V transversa olli

I Nn supraclavicularesintermedii

121

Fig.251 Vessets nd nerves of the lateraI egion of the neck,R e g i o e r v i c a t i s a t e r a t i s ;parts of the ptatysma ave been eftected raniatty nd hesuperficial ayer of the cervicaI ascia has been argety emoved

253

255



> Neck

/essels and nerves f the neck

V jugularisnterna

V retromandibularis

N facialis Vll],R co l l i

V facialis o



a V auricularis osterior

* M splenius apitis

, Plexus ervicalis

.. N occipitalis minor

a a A : V o c c i o i t a l i s

,* N occipitalismaJor

S M sternocleidomastoideus

R suprahyoideus(A lingualis)

R. nfrahyoideus(A thyroidea uperior)

A carotis xlernaO

A laryngea uperior

A thyroidea superior O

A carotis ommunis

N vagus X] ,

M omohyoideus,Venter uperior

l\4 sternohyoideus

Ansa eruicalis,Radix uperior

(Plexus ervicalis)

lvl sternothyroideus

l\4scalenus nterior

V jugularis xterna

A suprascapularis

A subclavia a

*' N. accessorius Xl ]

*, Plexus rachialis, runcus uoerior

a A. ransversa olli,R superficialis

i M omohyoideus,

Venter nferior

Clavicula

a A transversacolli,R profundus

a M deltoideus

a A thoracoacromialis,R deltoideus

2 1

t{,t

O V cephalica

M pectoralis major l A transversa ollia., Plexus brachialis,

Pars supraclavicularis

F i g . 2 5 5 Vesse ts nd nerves f h e a n t e r i o r n d h e L at e r a I e g i o no f h e n e c k , R e g i o n e s e r v i c a L e s n t e r i o r t [ a t e r a t i s ;t h e s u p e r f i c i a l n d h e m i d d t e a y e r f h e c e r v i c a I f a s c r ahave een e m o v e d .

Skel.eton

25t,




lvl digastricus,Venter osterior

N hypoglossus Xll]


V. s u b m e n t a l i s o . A

N mylohyoideus

A submentalis

lvl stylohyoideus


M mylohyoideus C

A lingualis o

V lacialis a

A carotis xterna O

A laryngea uperior

Ansa ervicalis, adix uperior

A thyroidea superior a

R sternocleidomastoideusa

V thyroidea uperior

A cervicalis scendens

l\4omohyoideus

Glandula hyroidea

(A cervicalissuperticialis, ar

N phrenicus

M scalenus nterior

Bulbus nleriorvenae ugularis

carotis ommunis )

vagus X] ,

M sternocleidomastoideus*

a a A ; V thoracoacromialis a V cephalica

F i g . 2 5 6 Ve s s e [ s nd nerves f h e a t e r a I e g i o n f he neck ,R e g i o e r v i c a I i s a t e r a t i s ;a f t e r a I m o s t o m p L e t e e m o v a L o f h e s t e r n o c l e i d o m as t o i dm u s c L e .

a A auricularis osterior

* N auricularis osterior N, acialis)

0 M sternocleidomastoideus

a N occipitalis inor

* N accessorius Xl ]

a N cervicalis [C3], R anterior

I N cervicalis [C4], R. anterior

& Ansa cervicalis, Radix nferior

* Plexus brachialis, runcus suoerior

a A transversa olli,R superficialis

s M trapezius

a M omohyoideus,Venter nferior

oA transversacolli,R profundus

a A subclavia


o V, subclavia

C M pectoralismrnor

a l\il deltoideus

. V retromandibularis

, N cervicalis [C2] R anterior

255

257



> Neck

/essels and nerves f the neck

B sternocleidomastoideusa(A occipitalis)

A facialis

Platysma

lvl mylohyoideus

N mylohyoideus

A submentalis


, N hypoglossus Xll]

o V retromandibularis


A carotis externa O

N laryngeus superior

A carotis nterna a

A laryngea superior a


N vagus [X] ,,

M omohyoideus,Venter superior

A car otis ommunis

Ansa ervicalis(Plexus ervicalis)

A thyroideanlerior

a Vjugularis

nterna

s l\4sternocleidomastoideus

O A occipitalis

* M splenius capitis

occipitalis

ar N accessorius Xl]

& M levator capulae

i N ceruicalis C5], R anterior

I N ceruicalis C6], B anterior

a (A ceruicalis uperficialis, ar

;, N cervicalis C7], R anterior

e l\il omohyoideus, Venter inferior

a A suprascapularis

o M deltoideus

,; Plexus brachialis,Pars nfraclavicularis

A cervicalis Oascendens

Glandula hyroidea

A vertebralis,Pars prevertebralis

N phrenicus

Truncus hyrocervicalis

A subclavia

A thoracica nterna

V jugularis nterna

V brachioceohalica inistra a

tt

o A axillaris

V jugularis xternaO A thoracoacromialis

lvl pectoralis major, Pars clavicularisI M pectoralis minor

o V axillaris o V cephalica

Fig.257 Vessets nd nerves of the LateraI egion of the neck,R e g i o e r v i c a t i s a t e r a L i s ;oeep ayer.

Ske[eton

256



Musctes

l : -lil- r:l

N vagus [X ]

Vessels

a V jugularisnternaRr communicantes Truncus ympathicus) mylohyoideus

A submentalis

A carotis externa a

A carotis nterna

Ganglion eruicale uperius(Truncus ympathicus)

M omohyoideus, Venter superior


lvl sternohyoideus &

R cardiacuscervicalis uperior N vagus)

Ansa ceruicalis, Radix superior(Plexus ceruicalis)

M constrictor pharyngis nferior.&

N cardiacus eruicalis uperiorM sternothyroideus

(Gangl ionsympathicumaccessonum)

V thyroidea uperiorA thyroideanferior

Gangl ioncervicale edium

Truncusthyroceruicalis

A subclaviaA thoracica nterna

N laryngeus ecurrens

Trachea

V thyroidea nferior

N cardiacus eruicalismedius Truncus

sympathicus)V vertebralis,

Parsprevertebralis

A carotis ommunis

V jugular isnterna

V brachio- Ocephalica sinistra

V jugularis xterna

M pectoralismajor6

CostaN pectoralis medialis

N hypoglossus Xll]A facialis O

O (A ceruicalis uperficialis,ar )

* M scalenus nterior

,* N suprascapularis

a A suDrascaDularis

Clavicula

a A occipitalis

a V axillaris: N intercostobrachialis

o R mastoideus

N occipitalis minor

I N occipitalismalor

a A cervicalisascendens

, N phrenicus

a R acromialis(A thoracoacromialis)

A M deltoideus

* M pectoralisminor, Tendo

a A axillaris

O A, thoraco-acromialis

a V cephalica

, Plexus brachialis,Pars nf aclavicularis,Fasciculus medialis

i N accessoriuslxtl

M pectoralismtnorV cephalica o ,, N thoracodorsalis

A ; V thoracica ateralis a : N thoracicus ongusa W thoracoepigastricae

F i g .258 Vesse ts nd nerves f he a t e r a l e g i o n f he neck ,R e g i o e r v i c a L i sa t e r a t i s , n d he a x i t l a r y e g i o n , e g i o x i t l a r i s .The n u m b e r s - V l l l n d i c at e e n t r a L r a n c h e s f h ec o r r e s p o n d i n g e r v i c a I e r v e s



Sketeton

of the neck

l\4digastricus, enter nterior

V, ugularis nterior

V submentalis

Glandula ubmandibular is

V facialis a

V retromandibularis

M stylohyoideus

V occipitalis

V facialis a

V jugularisnterna

V thyroidea uperior

V jugularis xterna

A carotis ommunis l

l\4 sternocleidomastoideusB

V cervicalis uoerticialis

V transversa ollialV omohyoideus,

Venter nlerior

V cephalica a

M pectoralis major 6

R perforans A thoracica nterna)

R cutaneus nterior ectoralis

Rr perforantes A; V thoracica nterna) a a

s lV mylohyoideuss M hyoglossus

a V submentalis

a A facialis

/ ,zoY.facialis

,, N hypoglossus Xll]

Glandulaparotidea

o V facialis

a V occipitalis

Prominentiaaryngea

O V thyroidea uperior

f M sternocleidomastoideus

&.Ansa eruicalis. adix uoerior(Plexus cervicalis)

o V, ugularis nterna


a V jugularis xterna

o V jugularis nterior

& M omohyoideus

& M. rapezius

o V cephalica

a M pectoralismaJor

a V thoracoacromialiso V axillaris

* lvl sternocleidomast oideusV thyroidea nferior a O Arcus enosus ugularis

F i g .259 Ve i n s f h e n e c k , C o t l u m .



Musc tes

Os hyoideum

* N4 igastricus, enter nterior

a l\/1. ylohyoideus

f N lingualis/ a M.digastricus, enter nterior

o A facialis

a V facialis

& N hypoglossus Xll]

Glandula parotidea

o V thyroidea uperior

* M sternocleidomastoideus

s Ansa ervicalis,Fladix uperior(Plexus ervicalis)

* N vagus X]

a V. hyroidea media

& N accessorius Xl ]& N phrenicus

& Plexusbrachialis,Pars upra-clavicularis

t M omo-hyoideus

Clavicula

a A subclavia;o V jugularis

exlerna

a V subclavia

a V cephalica

a V jugularis

interna

a M. pectoralis ajor

Costa

M hyoglossus t

V retromandibularis

V occipitalis

M sternohyoideus

M thyrohyoideus A

M omohyoideus

A thyroidea uperior

Cartilagohyroidea

V jugularis xterna

Glandula hyroidea

Plexus hyroideus mpar

N. vagus X] ,

A transversacolli

V transversa Ocol l i

V jugularisanterior

A subclavia

V. subclavia

V brachio- acephalica

dextra

V thyroideainferior

V thoracica nterna

V cava uperior ,* N vagus X]V brachioceohalica inistra i N laryngeus

recurrens inisterars ascendens ortae Oo Vv thymicae

F i g . 2 6 0 Ve s s e t s n d n e r v e s f h e n e c k , C o l t u m , n dt h e u p p e r h o r a c i c p e r t u r e , p e r t u r a h o r a c i s u p e r i o r.

a A carotis ommunis;t N laryngeus ecurrens

sinister

Vessels nd nerves f the neck and he upper horacic perture

259



Lymphatics f

Nodus ymphoideus uccinatorius

Nodi ymphoidei aciales

M digastricus,Venter nlerior

Nodi ymphoideisubmandibulares

Nodi ymphoideisubmentales

Nodi ymphoidei cervicales aterales,Nodi profundi superiores

M omohyoideus, enter uperior

Nodi ymphoidei ervicalesaterales,

A car otis ommunis

V jugularisnterna

Nodi rolundinferiores

Nodus ymphoideusjuguloomohyoideus

Nodus ymphoideus ervicalis ateralis,Nodus orofundus nferior

NoduslymphoideusJUgulo-digastricus

Nodi ymphoideioccipitales

I M sternocleidomastoideus

a M splenius apitis

Nodi ymphoidei eruicales aterales,Nodi suDerficiales

e M levator capulae

{,}N accessorius Xl]

t M scalenus edius

O M. rapezius

C M scalenus osterior

*' Plexus brachialis,Pars supraclavicularis

M scalenus anterior C

a M omohyoideus, Venter nferior

Fig.261 Superficia[ ymphatics, asa ymphaticas u p e r f c i a l i a , n d y m p h n o d e s , N o d i y m p h o i d e i , f heh e a d a n d h e n e c k o f a n B - y e a r- o t d h i t d .



Musctes

Vessels nd

Glandula parotidea

N hypoglossus Xll]

N accessorius Xl]

Ansa ervicalis,Fladix uperior

R marginalis andibularisa

M stylohyoideus

V jugularisnterna

A carotis xterna

o a v;A facia l is


& N. mylohyoideus

o M mylohyoideus

o M digastricus,Venter nterior

a M hyoglossus

N vagus X]

V jugularis xterna

lvlsternocleidomastoideus

a N hypoglossus Xll]

o A lingualis

a M digastricus, endo ntermedius

Os hyoideum

a A lingualis

o * A laryngea uperior; laryngeus uperior A thyroideasupenor

F i g , 2 6 2 Ve s s e t s n d n e r v e s f h e s u b m a n d i b u t a r r i a n g t e ,Tr i q o n u m u b m a n d i b u [ a r e .

4 o / o 1 2 o / o 30 % 35o/o 12o/o 5To

F i g . 2 6 3 L e v e l f h e b i f r c a t i o n f h e c o m m o n a r o t i d r t e r y,A c a r o t i s o m m u n i s . n r e t a t i o n o t h e c e r v i c a I e r t e b r a e .

su bma d bu a trianq e

1 o/o



Subclavian

(A scapularisdescendens, ar

intercostalis uprema

A ceruicalis rofunda

Truncus ostocervicalis

Vertebra cervicalis Vll

Vertebra horacica

A vertebralis, ar sintracranialis

Fig. 264 Subctavian rtery,A . s u b c t a v i a .

Surface .32 | Sketeton

A vertebralis, ars tlantica

A vertebralis, ars ransversaria

A vertebralis,Pars prevertebralis

A ceruicalis scendens

A car otis ommunis

(A,cervicalis uperficialis,ar

Truncus hyrocervicalis

A thyroideanferior

A, subclavia

A carotis ommunis

A. suprascapularis

Truncus rachioceDhalicus

Clavicula

Manubrium terni

A. ntercostalis osterior

A thoracica nterna

Costa

A intercostalisosterior l

A axillaris

Fig. 65 LeveL f he en t ry f hever tebra Ia r te ry,.ver tebraLis ,n to het ransverseoramina , oraminaransversaria

F i g . 2 6 6 a - f Va r i a t i o n s n h e r u n c u s o r m e d b y h e n f e r i o r h y r o i d r t e r y,A . h y r o i d e a n f e r i o r, he suprascaput ar r t e r y, . s u p r a s c a p ut a r i s , h et r a n s v e r s e e r v i c a L r t e r y, . r a n s v e r s a o t I i , n d h e n t e r n a L h o r a c i ca r t e r y, . h o r a c i c a n t e r n a , h e n h e v e r t e b r a I r t e r y, v e r t e b r a l i s ,

b r a n c h e s f f s e p a r a t e t y r o m h e c o s t o c e r v i c a I r u n c u s , r u n c u sc o s t o c e r v i c a I i s .

90 0k



Musctes

Vessels nd nerves f the neck and he upper horacic perture

Lig longitudinalenterius Vertebra ervicalis ll

M, ongus apitis

M scalenus edius Discus ntervertebralis

a A vertebralis, ars ransversariaR in tergangl ionar is . ,

Truncus ympathicus,Ganglion ervicale edium

N phrenicus ,

l\4 scalenus nterior

M scalenus osteriorV vertebralis

Vertebra ervicalis ll. Proc ransversusA vertebralis

Truncus hyrocervicalisA ; V ceruicalis rolunda a

(Nn phrenic iaccessorii)

Ansa subclavia

A I V thoracica nterna a a

Pleura parietalis

t Truncus uperior

* Truncus edius

Truncus nferior

Plexus brachialis

aA subclavia

e N phrenicus

OA carotiscommunls

o M longus olli

o Arcusaortae

O Truncus rachioceDhalicus

V cava superior a W brachiocephalicaedextra et sinistra

F i g . 2 6 7 Ve s s e l s n d n e r v e s t t h e r a n s i t i o nf r o m h e n e c k o t h e h o r a x .The n u m b e r s V- V l l l nd i c a t e e n t r a I r a n c h e s f h ec o r r e s p o n d i n g p i n a I e r v e s

F i g .2 5 8 a - d Va r i a t i o n s n h e o r i g i n f t h e v e r t e b r a L r t e r y,A.v e r t e b r a t i s



5kele ton

Platysma

Cartilago hyroidea

M sternohyoideus

M thyrohyoideus

M omohyoideus

lvl sternothyroideus

A carotis ommunis

Ganglion ceruicale medium .,

N vagus X] ,

V jugularis nterna

M sternocleido-mastoideus

N phrenicus '

M scalenus nterior

M scalenus edius

M levator scapulae

M splenius eruicis t capitis

l\4 semispinalis apitis O

M multilidus eruicis

lvl trapezius

Lig vocale

Cartilago ricoidea


Flecessus iriformis

Vertebra cervicalis lVProc spinosus

a M,constrictor haryngisnferior

o A, hyroidea uperior

E Truncus ympathicus

t l\4 ongus olli

Nodi ymphoidei ervicaleslaterales, odi rolundi uperiores

a A vertebralis

a A cervicalis scendens

*l N. spinalis C5]

a V jugularis xterna

Vertebra eruicalisCorpus


Spatium pidurale;O Plexus enosus

vertebralisnternus

Periosteum

Duramater pinalis

t M spinalis

Medulla spinalis

F i g . 2 6 9 N e c k , C o t l u m ;t Ta n s v e r s e ec t ion t the leve t of the vocaI cord.




M sternohyoideus

M sternothyroideus


lsthmus glandulae hyroideaeV thyroidea nferior a

Oesophagus

Clavicula

M omohyoideus

l\4. calenus aantenor

Plexus rachialis

M scalenusposterior

M scalenusmedrus

M longus ollia

N spinalis

Vertebrathoracica ,

Corpus

Medul laspinalis

thoracica

o V jugularis nterior

a V thyroideanferior

& N vagus X]

Vertebra horacica . Proc soinosus

F i g . 2 l O Neck, C o L t u m ;t r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n t t h e L e v e L f h e i r s t h o r a c i c e r t e b r a .

o V jugularisnterna


Nodus ymphoideuscervicalisateralis,Nodus rofundusnterior

a A carotis ommunis

o * A. ceruicalisascenoens;N phrenicus

& N laryngeusrecurrens

o V vertebralis

c M scalenusmedius

aA vertebralis

Costa I

a M supra-sprnalus

Scapula

transverse ection



cavity nd pharynx,

Tonsilla haryngea


orbicularis ris,Pars abialis

M genioglossus

M geniohyoideus

M, mylohyoideus

F i g . 2 7 2 S c h e m a l l u s t r a t i n g he d i s t a n c e e t w e e nt h e r o o t o f h e o n g u e , R a d i x i n g u a e , n d h e e p i g [ o t t i s ,E p i g t o t t i s ,n he adut t

F i g . 2 7 3 S c h e m a t l u s t r a t i n g h a t h e L a r y n x nt h e n e o n a t e s p o s i t i o n e d o n s i d e r a b t y i g h e r ha ni n h e a d u t t .

Lig hyoepiglotticum

Glandula hyroidea Canihgines tracheales

F i g . 2 7 1 F a c i a L a r t o f h e h e a d , C a p u t , n d ne c k , C o L [ u m ;m e d i a n e c t i o n h r o u o h h e h e a d o f a n e o n a t e .

". .0rgans I Topography I Secti

M.constrictorpharyngis uperior

Epiglottis

Os hyoideum

M constrictorpharyngis medius


Cartilagohyroidea

M aMenoideustransversus

M constrictorpharyngisnferior

Lig. ricothyroideum edianum

Cartilago cricoidea

Fascia cervicalis,Lamina superficialis



Surface I Sketeton Muscles ..

Pollex Digitus rimus]

Index Digitus ecundusl

Digitusmedius tertiusl

Regio deltoidea, M. deltoideus

Plicaaxillaris osterior

M. atissimus orsiM triceps rachii

M. brachioradialis

Antebrachium,Regio antebrachii

anterior EPlCOnOYlusmeorails

Fig.271 Upper imb, embrum uperius.

M.brachioradialis

Regio antebrachiiposterior

M. bicepsbrachii

Regio deltoidea,M. deltoideus

Plicaaxillaris nterior

Regioaxillaris, ossa axillarisBrachium,Regiobrachii

anteriorM triceps brachii

Proc. tyloideus Radius)

DorsummanusPollex Digitus rimus]

Index Digitus ecundus]

Proc. tyloideus Ulna)

>Upper imb

Surface natomy

Fig.2l5 Upper imb, embrum uperius.



Cingulumpectorale

Pars iberamembfl

supeflofls

'Upper imb

Skeleton f the upper imb

Surface lSkele tonl MuscteOverview Shoulder Arm

Antebrachium

Digitimanus,Ossa igitorum:- Phalanx roximalis- Phalanx edia- Phalanx istalis

Articulatioadioulnaris istalis

Articulatioadlocarpalis

Articulatio ediocarpalis

Articulationesarpometacarpales

Articulationes etacarpophalangeae

Articulationesnterphalangeae anus roximales

Articulationesnterphalangeae anus istales

Fig .276 Upper imb, embrum uperius;overv iew.ones nd oin t s .



TopographyEtbow Forearm Hand

Extremitasacromialis

Tuberculum onoideum

l\4anubriumterni

Symphysis anubrioslernalis

F i g .2 7 7 C L a v i c L e ,L a v i c u l a ;supefl0r vrew.

Corpus laviculae

Foramen utricium

Sulcusmusculi ubclavii

Fig.278 Ctavic[e, tavicu[a;i n f e r i o r i e w.

Discus rticularis

Lig interclaviculare

F i g . 2 7 i S t e r n o c [ a v i c u t a ro i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o t e r n o c L a v i c u La r i s ;VENITAL ICW.

lmpressio igamentlcostoclavicularis

Lig costoclaviculare

Lig sternoclaviculare nterius

Lio sternocostale adiatum

Cartilago ostalis l

Extremitas ternalis

Extremitasacromialis

Facies rticularissternalis



Scapula

Shoutder Arm

Tuberculum upraglenoidale

Proc. coracoideus

Cavitas glenoidalis

Tuberculumnf aglenoidale

Facies costalis

Margo ateralis

Angulus uperior

Fossasupraspinata

Spinascapurae

Incisura capulae

l\4argo uperior

Proc coracoideusIncisura capulae

Proc coracoideus

Margomedialis

Margo ateralis

Fossa nfraspinata

Cavitasglenoidalis

Angulus ateralis

Collum capulae

Margo uperior

Angulusacromrl

Acromion

Articulatioacromro-

clavicularis

IIAngulusnferiorl

F i g . 2 8 0 S c a p u t a , S c a p u t a ;d o r s a I v i e w.

Fig. 281 ScapuLa, capuLa;[ateraI iew.

Cavitasglenoidalis

Fossasubscapularis

Faciescostalis

Acromion

Col lumscapurae Vertebra

thoracica

Costa

Articulatioslerno-clavicularis60 'Sternum

Proc coracoideus

Fig. 282 Scaputa, capura;v e n t r a I i e w

Planum medianum*

F i g . 2 8 3 S h o u l d e r i r d t e , i n g u t u m e c t o r a t e ;s u p e f l o r r e w.The angLes e f e r o t h e a v e r a g e eL a t i o n s n hea d u L t .* M e d i a n t a n e**S c a p u t a r t a n e



Topography SectionsEl.bow Forearm Hand

Sulcus ntertubercularis

Tuberculum ajus

Col lumchirurgicum

Crista uberculi ajoris

l\4argoateralis

Facies anterolateralis

Crista upraepicondylarislateralis

Fossa radialis

Epicondyluslateralis

Capitulumhumeri

Condylus umeri

Insertions f he endons f:1 M supraspinatus2 M infraspinatus3 M teres minor

Corpus umeri

Margo medialis

Facies anteromedialis

Fossa coronoidea

Collumchirurgicum

Sulcus ervi adialis

Facies osterior

Fossa lecrani

Sulcus ervi lnaris

Caput umeri

Collum natomicum

Tuberculummtnus CollumanatomrcumTuberculum ajus

Trochlea umeri

Crista upra-epicondylaris

medialis

Epicondylusmedialis

Trochlea umeri

Fig.284 Humerus , umerus;ventraL iew.

Collum natomicum

Caput umeri

F i g . 2 8 5 H u m e r u s , u m e r u s ;dorsaI iew.

I

Fig.286 Hum erus, umerus;prox imaIv iew.

Tuberculum ajus



Surface lSkele tonl MusctShoulder Arm

Shoulder oint

Articulatiocromioclavicularis,Lig acromioclaviculare

Clavicula,Extremitas cromialis

Acromion

Li9 coracoacromiale

M supraspinatus

Proc coracoideus

Lig, coracohumerale

Tuberculum ajus

M subscapularis, endo

Vagina endinis ntertubercularis

M biceps rachii, aput ongum

Crista uberculi ajoris

Sulcus ntertubercularis

Crista uberculi inoris

Spina scapulae

(Recessus xillaris)

F i g . 2 8 7 S h o u L d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o u m e r i ;venlrat vtew.

Proc coracoideus

Lig coracohumerale

Capsula rticularis

F i g .2 8 8 S h o u I d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i o u m e r i ;t h e a c r o m i o n a s b e e n e m o v e d :d o r s a I v i e w.

Lig. ransversum capulaesupenus

Incisura capulae

Bursa ubt endinea usculisubscapularis

Ligg glenohumeralia: (superius)- (medium)- (interius)

Tuberculumnf aglenoidale

Tuberculum ajus

Lig coracoclaviculare,Lig trapezoideum

Bursa ynovialis

Lig coracoclaviculare,Lig conoideum

Lig ransversum capulae uperius



TopographyEtbow Forearm Hand

Shoulder oint

Ciavicula, Extremitas c.omialis

Spina scapulae

M triceps rachii, a put ongum

M supraspinatus*

Tuberculum ajus

M infraspinatus*

M. eres minor*

Lig. coracoacromiale

lvl supraspinatus

M infraspinatus

M teres minor

Capsula rticularis

F i g . 2 8 9 S h o u t d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o u m e r i ;d o r s a L v i e w.

M supraspinatus

Bursa ubacromialis

Acromion

Humerus

Lig coracoacromiale

Proc coracoideus

Lig coracohumerale

M subscapularis*

Vagina endinis ntertubercularis


M subscapularis*

To g e t h e r, he m u s c L e endonsrotator cuff.

F i g . 2 9 0 S h o u [ d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o u m e r i ;lateraI iew

m a r k e d w i t h + f o r m h e s o - c a t l e d



> Upper imb

Shoulder oint

Musc0verview Shoutder Arm

Bursa ubacromialis

Facies rticularis lavicularis

(Recessus xillaris)

M,supraspinatus

Lig coracohumerale

M biceps brachii, Caput ongum, Tendo

Labrum glenoidale

Cavitas glenoidalis

Caput humeri

Vaqina endinis ntertubercularis

M biceps rachii, aput ongum, endo

Acromion

l\4 biceps brachii,Caput ongum, Tendo

F i g . 2 9 1 S h o u t d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o u m e r i ;s e c t i o n t t h e e v e l f h e s c a p u t a :ventraI iew

LigClavicula

Lig trapezoideum

Lig conoideum )Li9. coracoctauicutare

Cavitas glenoidalis

Labrum glenoidale*

M triceps rachii, aput ongum

F i g . 2 9 2 S h o u t d e r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o u m e r i ;L a t e r a I v i e w.N e x t o i t s o r i g i n t t h e s u p r a g [ e n o i d a Lu b e r c L e ,he endo n f he b icepsm u s c t e s p r e d o m i n a n t l y t t a c h e d o t h e g l e n o i d a b r u m .* lt forms ibrocarti taginousoltar round he glenoid avity





MuscShoutder Arm

Proccoronoideus

Tuberositas lnae Cristamusculisupinatoris

Proccoronoideus

Margo nterosseus

Circumferentiaarticularis

Margo osterior

Margo nterosseus


Facies medialis

F i g . 2 9 5 U t n a ,U L n a ;

ventraL iew.

F i g . 2 9 7 U | . n a , L n a ;

r a d i a L v i e w.

F i g . 2 9 6 U l n a ,U t n a ;d o r s a I v i e w.



Topography SectionsEtbow Forearm

Collum adii

Tuberositas adii

Foramen utricium

Margo nterosseus

Margoanterior

Facies nterior

Proc. wloideus adii

Fovea articularis

Margo nterosseus

Margoposterior

Facies osterior

Tuberculum orsale

Caput adii

Collum adii

Corpus adii

Facies ateralis

Caput adii,Circumferentia

articularis

Collum adii

Tuberositas adii

Facies nterior

Margo nterosseus

Corpus adii

Facies osterior

Incisura lnaris

Facies rticulariscarpalis

Proc. tyloideus adii

Caput adii,Circumferentiaarticularis

F i g . 2 9 8 R a d i u s , R a d i u s ;ventraI iew.

F i g . 3 0 0 R a d i u s , R a d i u s ;

utnar iew.

Fig.299 Radius, adius;dorsaI iew.* Grooves nd cres ts or he

at tachment f the extensorten don s



Elbowoint

Epicondylusateralis

lncisura rochlearis


Corpus adii,Facies nterior

F i 9 .301 E L b o wo i n t ,A r t i c u L a t i ou b i t i ;v e n t r a I v i e w.

Capsula rticularis,Membrana ibrosa

Lig collateraleradiale

Lig anulare adii

Collum adii

M biceDs brachii. Tendo

F i g .3 0 3 E l . b o w o i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o u b i t i ;ventraL iew.

Epicondylusmedialis

Surface lSkele tonl MusclShoutder Arrn

Epicondylusmedial is

Olecranon

Lig collaterale ulnare,(Pars posterioO

Lio. collaterale ulnare.(Pirs anterior)

Tuberositas inae

Trochlea umeri

Corpus lnae,Facies nterior

Lig collateraleulnare

F i g .3 0 2 E l . b o wo i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o u b i t i ,in 90 ' f ex ion nd 9 0 ' s u p i n a t i o n ;m e d i a L v i e w.

Epicondylusmedialis

Capsula rticularis

Olecranon

F i g .304 E l . b o wo i n t ,A r t i c u l a t i o u b i t i ;d o r s a L v i e w.



Lig anulare adii

Collum adii

Chorda obliqua



Topographytbow Forearm Hand

Junctions f the bones f the orearm

Lig anulare adii Inctsuratrochlearis


l\4 biceps brachii,Tendo

Tuberositas adii

Chorda obliqua

Membranainterosseaantebrachii

Facies rticulariscarpalrs

Articulatioadio-ulnaris istalis,Capsula rticularis

Tuberositasradii

Collum adii

Lig.anulareradii

Articulatioradioulnarisproximalis

Facieslateralis

Radius

lvlargo osterior

F i g .305 Junct ions f h e b o n e s f h e o r e a r m ;i n s u p i n a t i o n ;v e n t r a l v i e w.

Proc. tyloideus

F i g . 3 0 6 J u n c t i o n s f he bones f h e o r e a r m ;i n p r o n a t i o n ;v e n t r a l i e wo f h e u l n a . d o r s a l i e w o f h e r a d i u s .

Ulna

Margoposterior

Facies osterior posterior

F i g . 3 0 8 C r o s s - s e c t i o n hrough he bones f hef o r e a r m ;d i s t a I v i e w.

Tuberositas lnae

Proccoronoideus

Incrsuratrochlearis

Olecranon

F i g .3 0 7 P r o x i m a I a d i o - u t n a r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i oa d i o - u t n a r i s r o x i m a L i s ;v e n t r o o r o x i m a L v i e w.

Membrana nterossea ntebrachii



MuseShnulder Arrn

Elbowoint, sections nd adiography

M brachialis

N rad ia l i sM triceps brachii,Caput mediale

M brachioradialis

HUMETUS

M extensor carpir ad ia l i s ongus



Caprtulumnumefl

L ig anu la re

rad i i

Caput radii

M extensorcarpi radialis

brevis

l\4 supinator

Lrg quadratum

Fossa olecrani

l\4 riceps

Tendo

Bursasubcutanea

olecranl

Septumintermuscularebrachiimediale

l\ilpronatorteres,Caputnumerate

Epicondylusmedial is

Trochleahumerl

Sulcus erviulnaris

Bursa bicipitoradialis

Ltgcollateraleulnare

t\4mflexores,Caputcommune

Proccoronordeus

A brachialis

M pronatorIETES

N medianus

1 Crista upraepicondylarislateralis

2 Epicondylusateralis3 Capi tu lum umeri4 Caput adii5 Collum adii

6 Tuberositas adii7 Proc coronoideus8 Trochlea umeri9 Olecranon

10 Epicondylus edialis11 Crista upraepicond ylaris

medialisM biceps brachii, Tendo

F i g .3 0 9 E L b o w o i n t ,A r t i c u L a t i ou b i t i ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n .

l\4 riceps rachiiCorpus umeri

M brachialis

lvl pronator eres,Caput lnare

l\4 biceps brachii

F i 9 . 3 1 0 E L b o w o i n t , r t i c u t a t i o u b i t i ;A P - r a d i o q r a p h

J

A radialisTrochlea umeri A ulnaris

F i g .3 11 E t b o w o i n t ,A r t i c u [ a t i o u b i t i ;- - ^ ; + + - l - ^ ^ + i ^ ^J o v r r r o L J E L ( t u t t .

'1 Humerus2 Fossa lecrani3 Olecranon4 lncisura rochlearis5 Ulna

6 Radius7 Collum adii8 Caput adii9 Proc coronoideus

10 Fossa oronoidea

F i g . 3 1 2 E L b o w o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o u b i t i ;[ a t e r a L a d i o g r a p h .




Skeleton

Tuberculum ssis caohoidei

Tuberculum ssis rapezii

Os rapezium

Os rapezoideum

Phalanx roximalis

Os unatum

I Po l . t exDig i tus r imusll l IndexDigitus ecundus]l l l Dig i tus ed ius Digituser t ius ]lV Dig i tus nutaris Dig i tusuar tusJV D i g i t u s i n i m u s D i g i t u su i n t u s l

F ig . 13 Bones f he hand, ssa anus ;pa tmar iew.

Os riquetrum

Os pisilorme

Os capitatumOs hamatum

Hamulus ssis amati

Basis ossis metacarpi

Corpus ossis metacarpi

Caput ossis metacarpi

Ossa esamoidea

Phalanx proximalis

Phalanx distalis



> Upper imb

Skeleton f the hand

Radius

Os unatum

Proc styloideus adii

Os scaphoideum

Os capitatum

Tuberculum ssis rapezii

Os rapezium

Os rapezoideum

Os metacarpi

Ossa esamoidea

Caput ssis metacarpi

Phalanx proximalis

Os sesamoideum

Phalanx distalis

Caput ssis metacarpi

Corpus halangis

Caput halangis

Basis halangis

Corpus halangis

Caput halangis

Phalanx distalis

Tuberositas halangis istalis

F i g . 3 1 5 B o n e s f h e h a n d ,O s s a m a n u s ;d o r s a I i e w* A l s o : addteo i n t f h e h u m b+ *A l s o : r o x i m a IhatangeaLo i n t f h e h u m b

Caput ssis metacarpiBasis halangis

Ulna

Caput lnaeProc styloideus lnae

Os unatum

Os riquetrum

Os pisiforme

Os hamatum

Basis ssis metacarDi

Caput lnae

Proc styloideus lnae

Musc

Ulna

Os riquetrum

Os pisiforme

Os hamatum, amulus ssis

Ossa arpi

Ossa metacarpi -V

Ossa igitorum

F i g . 3 1 4 B o n e s f h e h a n d , O s s a m a n u s ;p a t m a r r e w.

Radius

Proc. tyloideus adii

Os scaphoideum

Os rapezium

Os rapezoideum

Articulatio arpometa-carpalis ollicis*

Os capitatum

Os metacarpi

Articulatiometacarpo-phalangea ollicis**

Phalanx proximalis

Phalanx distalls

Phalanx roximalis

Phalanx edia

Phalanx istalis

Os sesamoideum

Tuberositas halangis istalis




Ulna


Os unatum

Lig radiocarpale almare

Lig carpi radiatum

Articulatio arpometacarpalispollicis,

Capsula rticularis

Os capitatum

Articulatioadioulnarisdistalis, apsula rticularis


Lig ulnocarpale almare

Os pisiforme

Lig pisohamatum

Lig.pisometacarpale

Hamulus ossis hamati

Lig carpometacarpaleparmare

Ligg. metacarpaliapalmafla

Ligg palmaria

F i g .3 1 6 J o i n t s n d i g a m e n t s f h eA r t i c u t a t i o n e s t L i g a m e n t a a n u s ;o a l m a r i e w.

Lig radiocarpaleoorsale


Os scaphoideum

Ligg intercarpalia orsalia

Os rapezoideum

Ligg carpometacarpalia orsalia

h a d ,

Ligg metacarpaliatransversa profunda

Ligg intercarpaliadorsalia

Os triquetrum

Os hamatum

Os capitatum

Lrggmetacarpalia

dorsalia

F i g . 1 7 J o i n t s n d i g a m e n t s f h e h a n d ,A r t i c u L a t i o n e st L i g a m e n t a a n u s ;d o r s a I i e w

Ligg, collateralia



Mus

Articulatioadiocarpalis

Os capitatum

Os scaphoideum

Lig collaterale arpi radiale

Os rapezoideum

Os rapezium

Articulatioarpometacarpalispollicis

Os metacarpi

Os unatum

Procstyloideus

radii

Facies rticulariscarpails

Tuberculum dorsale

Caput lnae


Discus rticularis

Os riquetrum

Lig collaterale arpi ulnare

Articulatiomediocarpalis

Os hamatum

Lig intercarpalenterosseum

Articulationes arpometacarpales

Ligg metacarpalia nterossea

F i g .3 1 8 C a r p a I o i n t s ,A r t i c u [ a t i o n e s a r p i ;L o n g i t u d i n a Le c t i o n a r a t L e Io t h e d o r s u m o f h e h a n d .

Articulatio adioulnaris istalis

Proc styloideusurnae

R a d u s ;i g . 1 9 U t n a n d a d i u s , l n a td i s t a L v i e w


Procstyloideus

radii

Facies rticularis arpalis

F i g .3 2 0 D i s t a I a d i o - u t n a r o i n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o a d i o u L n a r i s i s t a t i s :d i s t a t - d o r s a L v i e w.

Discus rticularis

Caput lnae

]\ Proc styloideusulnae

Tuberculum orsale



TopographyElbow Forearm Hand

Finger oints

Os metacarpi

Lig collaterale

Ligg palmaria

F i g . 3 2 1 F i n g e r o i n t s , r t i c u L a t i o n e si g i t i ;[ a t e r a L v i e w.

(Cartilago rticularis)

Phalanx proximalis

Periosteum

Caput halangis

Articulationterphalangeaanus roximalis**,Capsula rticularis

F i g .3 2 3 F i n g e r o i n t s , r t i c u t a t i o n e s i g i t i ;c a n i i i a l c e r t i n n .

[ateraI iew.

Os metacarpi pollicis

M flexor pollicisbrevis Ossa esamoidea

Lig collaterale

M flexor pollicis ongus

Vagina endinis usculiflexoris ollicisongi

Fig.322 Metacarpopha[angeaI oint oft h e h u m b , A r t i c u t a t i o e t a c a r p o p h a La n g e a o t l i c i s ;r a d i a L - p a t m a r i e w.

Articulatiometacarpophalangea,Caosula articularis

Phalanx distalis

Articulationterphalangea anus istalis**'Phalanx media

* C L i n i c a te r m ; M P =m e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g e a to i n t l** C L i n i c a Ie r m ; P I P =p r o x i m a t i n t e r p h a t a n g e a to i n t )' * * C L i n i c a Ie r m : D I P =d i s t a t n t e r p h a L a n g e a to i n t )

Basis halangis



Musc

Wrist, adiography


Os unatumOs pisiforme

Os kiquetrumOs capitatum

Hamulus ssis amati

Ossa metacarpi

F i g . 3 2 5 U l n a r b d u c t i o n f h e h a n d ;s c h e m a f a PA - r a d i o g r a p h .

F i g . 3 2 1 H a n d , M a n u s :PA - r a d i o g r a p h .N o t e :The p i s i f o r m one s p r o j e c t e d nt ot h e r i q u e t r a L o n e .

Shoutder Arm

Basis ossis metacaroi l

Ossa esamoidea

Phalanx proximalis

Phalanx media

Phalanx distalis

F i g . 3 2 6 R a d i a L b d u c t i o n f he hand;s c h e m a f a PA - r a di o o r a o h .

Radius

Tuberculum ssis caohoidei

Os rapezium

Os rapezoideum

1 Os scaphoideum2 Os unatum3 Os riquetrum4 Os pisiforme5 Os rapezium6 Os rapezoideum7 Os capitatum8 Os hamatum



TopographyE tb ow F or ea rm H a nd

Wrist, evelopment

Fig.327 PA-radiograph f the hand of a 41lz-year-oLdbov.

F i g .328 PA - r a d i o g r a p h f h e h a n d o f a 7 - y e a r- o [ dbov.

'| Ulna,Diaphysis2 Radius, iaphysis3 Ulna,Epiphysis istalis

Radius, piphysis istalisOs unatumOs riquetrum

7 Os scaphoideumI Os hamatumI Os capitatum

456

10 Ostrapezoideum1'1Os rapezium12 Os pisilorme

F i g . 3 2 9 PA - r a d i o g r a p h f h e h a n d o f a n 11 y e a r- o [ dDoy.

F i g .330 PA - r a d i o g r a p h f h e h a n d o f a ' 1 3 - y e a r- o l d

boy.



Fascia f the upper imb

Spina scapulae

M deltoideus

M triceps brachii,Caput aterale

Septum ntermuscularebrachii aterale

N cutaneus rachiiposterior

l\/ biceps rachii

N cutaneusantebrachii osterior

M brachioradialis

Epicondylus ateralis

M triceps brachii,Caput mediale

Olecranon

Bursa ubcutaneaolecrani

l\4. nconeus

l\4 lexorcarpi ulnaris

lvlextensor arpi ulnaris

M extensor igiti minimi

Caput lnae, roc styloideus lnae

Mm extensores arpi adialis. endines

M trapezius

Fossa nfraclavicularis

lvl deltoideus

M biceps brachii,Caput breve

N, medianus

V basilica

l\il biceps brachii

M brachialis

N musculocutaneus,N cutaneus ntebrachii

lateralisAponeurosis usculi

bicipitis rachii

V mediana ubiti

V cephalica

N intercosto-brachialis

N cutaneusbrachiimedialis

N cutaneusantebrachiimedialis

M tricepsbrachii

M teres major

lvl triceps brachii,Caput ongum


Epicondylusmedialis M extensor arpi

radialisongus

M extensordigitorum

M extensorcarpi adialisbrevrs

N radialis,R superficialis

M flexor carpi radialis

M palmaris ongus

M flexor carpi ulnaris

lvl.abductorpollicisongus

M extensorpollicis revis

M brachioradialis,Tendo

N culaneusantebrachii edialis

Fasciaantebrachii

RetinaculummusculorumeKensorum

l\4 extensor

pollicisongus,Tendoponeurosis almaris

F i g .331 Fasc ia f h e L e x o r s p e c t f h e u p p e r L i m b . F i g .332 Fasc ia f h e e x t e n s o r s p e c t f h e u p p e r L i m b



Topography SectionsForearm Hand

Spina scapulae

M. rapezius

Fascia nfraspinata

M. teres minor

M teres major

M. triceps brachii, Caput ongum

M. riceps brachii, Caput aterale

M. atissimus orsi

M. riceps brachii, endo

Septum ntermusculare rachii aterale

M. triceps brachii, Caput mediale

Olecranon

M. anconeus

M. extensor igitorum

M. extensor igitorum, endines

Retinaculum usculorum xtensorum

Mm interossei orsales

M. rapezius

Acromion

F i g .333 M u s c l e s f h et h e n f e r i o r egion f he

M. sternocleidomastoideus

Clavicula

M. biceps brachii

M. brachialis

M.pronatoreres

Epicondylusateralis

M.brachioradialis

M extensor arpi adialis ongus

M. extensor arpi adialis revis

M flexor carpi adialis


M abductor ollicis ongus

M. extensor ollicis revis

M. extensor pollicis ongus, Tendo

M. abductor ollicis ongus, Tendo

M. extensor ollicis revis.Tendo

M. adductor ollicis

u p p e r i m b , h e h o r a x n dn e c K .

M.pectoralis ajor

M. deltoideus

M. pectoralis major, Pars abdominalis

M serratus nterior

M obliouus xternus abdominis



>Upper imb

Muscles f the upper imb

Surface lSkete tonl MuscleAr m

M pectoralismajor

M. biceps brachii

l\4pronator eres

M flexorcarpi adialis

M palmaris ongus

M. lexor igitorumsupemcrails

M tlexor arpi lnaris

M flexor igltorum uperficialis,Tendines

Vagina endinis

M. lexor igitorum rofundus,tenotnes

F i g .3 3 4 M u s c l e s f h e e x o r s p e c t f he u p p e r i m b .




l\4.nlraspinatus

M teres minor

M, eres major

M deltoideus

tu|. riceps brachii

M brachioradialis

M extensor arpiradialis ongus

M. extensor arpiradialis revis

M extensordigitorum

M extensor arpiulnafls

lvl atissimusdorsl

Mlm.nterosseidorsales

Muscles f the upper imb

F i g . 3 3 5 M u s c l e s f h e e x t e n s o r s p e c t f h e up p e r i m b .



'Upper imb

Muscles f he shoulder

M pectoralismalor

lvlpectoralis Acromionmlno r

F i g . 3 3 6 M u s c l e s f h e a r m , h e h o r a x n d h e n f e r i o r eg i o nof he neck .l , l , V- V l l n d i c a t e h e c o r r e s p o n d i ng ibs .

Sur face l ske t e ton l Musc lOverview Shoulder Upper rm

M.scalenus edius

lvl scalenus nterior

Mm sternocleidomastoidei

M subclavius

Mm. ntercostalesnterni

Mm intercostales xterni

M pectoralis inor

M pectoralismajor

HumerusVagina endinis ntertubercularis

Lig coracoacromiale

l\4 scalenusposterior

M deltoideus

[/ bicepsbrachii,

Caput ongum

Clavicula

M coracobrachialis

M levator scapulae

Spina scapulae

M. bicepsbrachii,

Caput breve

M coraco-brachialis

M, eres major

M subscapularis

M serratus nterior

M serratus nterior

M, atissimus orsi

M reclus bdominis

Clavicula

I Caput ongumM biceps rachii

I Caput reve

Proc coracoideus

N suprascapularis

Lig transversum capulae uperius

lvlsubscapularis

M supraspinatus

AcromionM infraspinatus

Articulatiocromioclavicularis

F i g . 3 3 7 S h o u l d e r nd muscLes f h e s h o u t d e r.To g e t h e r, he muscle endons m a r k e d w i t h * f o r mt h e s o - c a l t e d o t a t o r u f f .



TopographyForearm Hand

Clavicula subclavius

Muscles f the shoulder

M trapezius

Lig coracoclaviculare, Lig trapezoideum

Lig coracoclaviculare, ig. conoideum

- M levator scapulae

M.omohvoideus. enter nferior

M serratus nterior

M rhomboideus inor

M supraspinatus

Lig transversumscapulaesupenus

M subscapularis

Proc coracoideusl\/ deltoideus

Articulatiocromioclavicularis,apsula rticularis

AcromionBursa ubacromialis

Lig coracoacromiale(Bursamusculi oracobrachialis)

lvlpectoralis inor

M biceps brachii, Caput breve

l\4 coracobrachialis

M deltoideus

Vagina endinisintertubercularis

M pectoralis major

M latissimus orsi, endo

M triceps rachii, aput aterale

M biceps brachii,Caput ongum

coracobrachialis


M levator scapulae

Angulus uperior

M rhomboideusmtnor

M supraspinatus

M trapezius

Spina capulae

M rhomboideusmalor

M infraspinatus

l\4. eres minor

M teres major

Angulus nferior

l\4.atissimus orsi

lvl serratus nterior

M triceps brachii,Caput ongum

Capsula rticularis,(Recessus xillaris)

F i g .3 3 8 S h o u l d e r n d m u s c l e s f h e s h o u [ d e r.x Tr i a n g u [ a rp a c e , p a t i u m x i t l a r e e d i a t e**Q u a d r a n g u t a rpace , p a t i u m x i l L a r ea t e r a [ e

M omohyoideus, enter nferior

Acromion

lvlargomedialis

M. eres major

M serratus nterior

Bursa ubdeltoidea

M, deltoideus

M deltoideus

Humerus, ollum hirurgicum

Articulatioumeri,Capsula rticularis

M. homboideusmalor


M. triceps brachii,Caput aterale

F i g .3 3 9 S h o u l d e r n d musctes f h e s h o u t d e r.+ Tr i a n g u L a rpace , p a t i u m x i l t a r e e d i a t e**Quadrangutarpace, patium xittareaterale





Topographyorearm Hand

Muscles f the arm

M supraspinatus

Fascia infraspinata

M teres major

M latissimus orsi


M triceps brachii,Caput aterale

Septum ntermusculare rachiiaterale

M. rapezius

Fig.3l ,2 Muscles of the arm;s u p e r f i c i a [a y e r ;dorso[ateraI iew.

M deltoideus

M. pectoralismajor

M. biceps rachii

M brachialis

M brachioradialis

M.extensor arpi adialis ongus

Epicondylusateralis

M. extensor arpi adialis revis

M. riceps rachii, aput mediale

M. riceps brachii, endo



> Upper imb

0riginsand nsertionsof the muscles f the shoulder nd he arm

Overview Shoulder Arm

M subscapularis

M biceps brachii,Caput ongum

lvl coracobrachialis


M supraspinatus

M pectoralis inor

M deltoideus

Fig. 43C av icua,laswetL s

M subclaviusM sternocleidomastoideus

lvl pectoralismajor,Pars lavicularis

Lig costoclaviculare

l\4omohvoideus. enter nferior

M subscapularis

M serratus nterior

M coracobrachialis

lvlpronator eres, Caput umerale

M flexorcarpi radialis

Epicondylus medialis

M palmaris ongus

M llexor arpi lnaris, aput umerale

M flexor igitorum uperficialis, aput umeroulnare

M pronator eres, Caput lnare

M brachialis

lvl atissimus orsi

M triceps rachii,Caput ongum

l\4 eres major

M pectoralis major

M deltoideus

M brachialis

M brachioradialis


M brachialis, M articularis ubiti

M extensor carpi radialis brevis

M biceps brachii M flexor arpi lnaris, aput lnare

0 r i g i n sa n d n s e r t i o n s f h e m u s c L e s t t h e c [ a v i c t et h e s c a p u t a , c a p u l a , n d h e h u m e r u s , u m e r u su t n a r r i q i n s f m u L t i - h e a d u s c t e s J .




M subclavius

M sternohyoideus

lvlpectoralis ajor, ars lavicularis

M levatorscapulae

l\ilomohyoideus, Venter nferior

M.sternocleidomastoideus

M supraspinatus

M rhomboideus inor

M infraspinatus

M rhomboideus ajor

M teres minor

M teres major

of the muscles f the shoulder nd he arm

M trapezius

M deltoideus

M supraspinatus

M inlraspinatus

l\il teres minor


M. triceps brachii,Caput aterale

M. deltoideus

M brachialis

Foramen nutricium

SeDtumntermusculare rachiimediale

M triceDs brachii: M articularis ubiti

M triceps brachii


Mm llexores. CaDUt ommune

lvl anconeus

F i g . 3 11 0 r i g i n sand n s e r t i o n s f he musctes t h e c t a v i c l e ,C l a v i c u t a ,h e s c a p u l . a , c a p u t a , n d h e h u m e r u s , H u m e r u s( a s w e t Ia s u l n a r o r i g i n s f m u [ t i - h e a d m u s c t e s J .


M brachioradialis

SeDtumntermusculare rachii aterale

l\4 extensor arpi adialis ongus

Epicondylusateralis

M extensor carDi adialis brevis

M.extensor igitorum

M extensor arpi lnaris

M latissimus orsi(Origo capularis, ar

l\/ triceps brachii, Caput mediale



Pars lavicularis

Pars pinalis

D e t t o i dm u s c l e . M . d e l t o i d e u s .

M coracobrachialis

M brachialis

F i g . 3 4 8 B r a c h i a I a n d o r a c o b r a c h i a I m u s c [ e s ,M m . b r a c h i a [ i s t c o r a c o b r a c hi a L i s

> Upper imb

Muscles f the arm

Pars cromialis

Musc

r i c e p s r a c h i it r i c e p s r a c h i i .

B i c e p s r a c h i i m u s c t e , M . b i c e p s r a c h i i




of the

Clavicula

M subclavius

Lig coracoclaviculare

Proc coracoideus

M pectoralis inor

M. coracobrachialis

M.deltoideus

M biceps brachii, Caput breve, Tendo

M pectoralismajor, endo

M, biceps rachii, aput ongum, endo


M. biceps rachii, aput reve

M. brachialis

M biceos brachii. Tendo

M. brachioradialis


M extensor arpi adialis revis

M supraspinatus

M omohyoideus, enter nferior

Lig. ransversum capulae uperius

M subscapularis

M. eres major


M triceps brachii, Caput mediale

Septum ntermusculare rachiimediale

M. brachialis

Epicondylus edialis

Aponeurosis usculi icipitis rachii

Fascia ntebrachii

Fig .349 Musc tes f he arm;ftexor spect, uperficia[ ayer.* Triangu[ar pace , Spat ium xi t laremedia[e** Quadrangutar pace , Spat ium xi l tare a tera[e



'Upper imb

Muscles f the arm

M. rapezius

F i g . 3 5 0 M u s c l e s f h e a r m ;ftexoraspect, deep ayer.

M. subscapularisVagina endinis ntertubercularis


M. biceps rachii, aput ongum

M. brachialis

M. brachialis, endo

M brachioradialis

M. extensor arpi adialis ongus

M biceps brachii, endo

M coracobrachialis



Septum intermusculare brachii mediale

Epicondylus edialis

Fascia ntebrachii


M. biceps brachii




l\4 nfraspinatus

triceps rachii,Caput ongum

[/ teres minor

l\4 eres major

M triceps brachii, Caput aterale

l\4 riceps brachii, Caput mediale


l\4 triceps brachii, Tendo

Olecranon

l\il anconeus

Fascia antebrachii

Muscles f the arm

M deltoideus

Bursa subdeltoidea

M teres minor

Collum hirurgicum

M biceps rachii, a put ongum,Tendo

lvl pectoralismajor, endo

lvldeltoideus

Sulcus nerui adialis

M biceps brachii

l\4 brachialis

M brachioradialis



l\4 extensor igitorum

F i g . 3 5 1 M u s c L e s f h e a r m ;e x t e n s o r s p e c t , e e p a y e r.x Tr i a n g u t a rp a c e , p a t i u m x i l t a r e e d i a t ex*Q u a d r a n g u t a rp a c e , p a t i u m x i t t a r ea t e r a l e



t t

0 ve rvi ew S h ou t de r A r m

)rigins and nsertions f the ventral muscles f the orearm

M brachialisM brachioradialis

l\4extensor arpi adialis ongus

M articularisubiti


M pronator uadratus

F i g . 3 5 2 0 r i g i n s a n d n s e r t i o n s f h e m u s c l e sa t h e a d i u s , a d i u s , h e u l n a ,U L n a , n d h ed i s t a lp a r t o f h e h u m e r u s , H u m e r u s .

M. exor igitorum uperfcialis,Caput umeroulnare

M pronator eres,Caput lnare

M brachialis


Chorda obliqua


M llexor digitorum profundus

lvl pronator uadratus

M supinator

M biceps brachii

M flexor digitorum superficialis, aput radiale

lvlpronator eres

M flexor ollicisongus

M, brachioradialis




l\4 lexor arpi lnaris

M palmaris ongus

l\ilpronator eres

M flexor arpi adialis

F i g .353 Ve n t r a Imusctes ft h e o r e a r m ;c r r n o r f i r i r l l r r r o r

F i g .3 5 4 Ve n t r a I m u s c l e s ft h e o r e a r m ;m i d d [ e a y e r.

M flexordigitorumprolundus

M flexorpollicis ongus

F i g .355 Ve n t r a Imusctes ft h e o r e a r m ;deep ayer.

M supinator

M pronatorquaoralus

F i g .3 5 6 Ve n t r a l m u s c L e st h e o r e a r m ;deepest ayer.

o f



Sur face lSke le ton l MuscShoutder Arm

Muscles f the orearm

M. biceps brachii


M biceps brachii, Tendo

M brachioradialis

M extensor carDi radialis brevis


M. lexor igitorum uperficialis

M abductor pollicis ongus


M. flexor pollicis ongus

M, abductor ollicisongus, endo

M pronator uadratus

M triceps rachii,Caput mediale

Septum ntermuscularebrachii mediale

M brachialis

1- Epicondylus edialis

M palmaris ongus

lvl. lexor arpi adialis

M flexor arpi lnaris

M flexor igitorum uperficialis

' iT---- M flexorcarpi ulnaris, endol

M palmaris ongus, endo

l\4 lexor arpi adialis, endo

F i g . 3 5 7 Muscles f h e o r e a r m ;f t e x o r s p e c t , u p e r f i c i a La y e r.





Muscles

M brachialis

M brachioradialis

M. brachial is, Tendo

M supinator

Bursa bicipitoradialis


M pronator eres

Epicondylus edialis

M biceps rachii, endo

M.palmaris ongus

M. lexor arpi ulnaris

M. lexorcarpi adialis

M flexor igitorum uperficialis,Caout umeroulnare

M. lexor igitorum uperficialis

M. lexor arpi lnaris, endo

M. lexorcarpi adialis, endo

M. palmaris ongus, endo

M flexor igitorum uperficialis,Caout adiale

M abductor ollicisongus


M pronator uadratus

M extensor ollicis revis,Tendo

M brachioradialis,endo

F i g .358 Muscles f he orearm;f exor aspect, middle ayer.

M. riceps rachii,Caput mediale



Shoutder Ar m


M brachialis

M brachioradialis

l\4 supinator

M biceps rac hii, endo


lvl pronator eres


M tlexor pollicis ongus

M. pronator uadratus

abductor ollicisongus, endo


l\4 riceps brachiiCaput mediale

Septum ntermuscularebrachiimediale

Epicondylus edialis

M. pronator eres

l\4 flexor carpi radialis

M palmaris ongus

Mm flexores. CaDUt ommune

M, flexor carpi ulnaris


M flexor aroi lnaris. endo

M flexor carpi radialis, Tendo

l\4 palmaris ongus, Tendo

Fig, 359 Muscles f he orearm;ftexor spect, middte ayer ftersection ft h e p r o n a t o r e r e s m u s c [ e .





M brachialis

Caput adii

brachioradialis

M biceps brachii, Tendo

M supinator

Radius, Facies anterior


M pronator eres


M flexor igitorum uperficialis, aput adiale

M flexor pollicis ongus, Tendo

M brachioradialis, endo

M. pronator quadratus

Radius, Facies anterior

M flexor carDi adialis. Tendo

Epicondylus edialis

M pronator eres, Caput lnare

lvlm lexores, aput ommune

A,;V interossea osterior

M flexor igitorum rofundus

M flexor ollicisongus, aput umerale(Var


l\4 lexor igitorum rofundus, endines

M flexor arpi lnaris, endo

M flexor igitorum uperficialis,endines


F i g .360 Musctes f h e o r e a r m ;flexor spect, eep ayer.



t t at

Shou[der A rm

)rigins and nsertions f the dorsal muscles f the orearm


M triceps rachii; articularis ubiti

N4 riceps brachii


Mm llexores. CaDUt ommune

M anconeus


F i g .3 5 1 0 r i g i n s n d n s e r t i o n s f h e m u s c L e sa t h e a d i u s , a d i u s, he u L n a , L n a , nd h ed i s t a I a r to f h e h u m e r u s , u m e r u s .

flexor igitorum rofundus

lvl extensor arpiulnaris


M extensor ollicisongus

M extensor ndicis

M extensor carpi radialis ongus


l\4. xtensor carpi radialis brevis

M extensordigitorum

M supinator

M pronator eres


M extensor pollicisbrevis


M extensor igitiminimi

lvl extensor igitorum

l\4extensor arpi lnaris

M extensor ollicis revis

l\4extensor ollicisongus

M extensor arpi adialisongus

l\4 extensor arpi adialis revis




M brachioradialis

M extensor arpiradialis ongus

M extensor arpiradialis revis

Fascia ntebrachii

lvl extensor igitorum

M ex tensor igitimtntml

M extensor arpiut ans

F i g . 3 6 2 R a d i a L u s c L e s ft h e o r e a m

F i g .3 6 3 D o r s a I m u s c t e sc r r n o r f i r i e l l e r r o r

o f t h e o r e a r m ;

M supinator

F i g , 3 5 5 D o r s a I m u s c l e s f h e o r e a r m ;oeep ayer.

lvl extensorpollicisongus

M extensorindicis

lvl abductorpollicisongus

M extensorpollicis revis

F i g . 3 6 / r D o r s a Im i d d [ e a y e r.

m u s c t e s f h e o r e a r m :



>>l Sur face lSke le ton l MuscS ho ut de r A rm


M. riceps rachii, aput aterale


M triceps rachii, aputmediale

M triceos brachii. Tendo

Olecranon

M anconeus


extensor ollicis revis

M extensor igitorum,Tendines

M e)densor igiti minimi,Tendo

M. extensor arpi lnaris

UlnaM extensor ollicisongus, endo

Betinaculum usculorumexlensorum

M. biceps brachii

M. brachialis

M brachioradialis


Epicondylusateralis

M. extensor carDi adialis brevis

M brachioradialis, endo

M.extensor arpi adialis ongus, endo

M.extensor arpi adialis revis, endo


M abductor pollicis ongus, Tendo

M extensor pollicis brevis, Tendo

M extensor arpi adialis revis, endo

M.extensor arpi adialis ongus, endo

Radius

F i g .3 6 6 M u s c L e s f h e o r e a r m n dt h e d i s t a t a r t o f h e a r m ;l a t e r a I v i e w ;i n t e r m e d i a t e o s i t i o n f h e o r e a r m b e t w e e ns u p i n a t i o n n d p r o n a t i o n .



Topographyorearm Hand

Muscles

M triceps rachii,Caput aterale

Septum ntermuscularebrachii aterale


M triceos brachii. endo

Olecranon

M anconeus

M. lexor arpi lnaris

M.extensor arDi lnaris

M extensor igiti minimi

M.extensor arpi lnaris, endo

M. brachialis

M brachioradialis



Fascia ntebrachii

M.extensor aroi adialis revis

M. extensor igitorum

M. abductor ollicisongus

M. extensor ollicis revis

M. extensor igitorum, endines

M. extensor aroi adialis revis, endo

M extensor arpi adialis ongus,endo

Radius

F i g . 3 6 7 M u s c t e s f h e o r e a r m ndt h e d i s t a t a r t o f h e a r m ;e x t e n s o r s p e c t , u p e r f c i a [ a y e r ;i n t e r m e d i a t e o s i t i o n f h e o r e a r m e t w e e ns u o i n a t i o n n d o r o n a t i o n .



t t


M triceps brachii, Tendo

lvl triceps brachii, Caput mediale

Olecranon

M anconeus

Fascia ntebrachii


M extensor carpi ulnaris

M extensor igitorum, endines

M extensor aroi lnaris. endo

M extensor carpi ulnaris. Tendo

M extensor digiti minimi,Tendo

Seotum ntermusculare rachiiaterale

M brachioradialis

Epicondylusateralis


lvlm.extensores digitorum et digiti minimi

M extensor caroi radialis brevis

M supinator

Radius

M pronator eres, Tendo


M extensor pollicis ongus

M extensor ndicis


Radius

M extensor aroi adialis revis. endo

M extensor carpi radialis ongus, Tendo

M, extensor pollicisbrevis. Tendo

l\4extensor ollicisongus, endo

F i g . 3 6 8 MuscLes f h e o r e a r m ;e x t e n s o r s p e c t , m i d d t e a y e r ;i n t e r m e d i a t e o s i t i o n f t h e o r e a r m e t w e e ns u p i n a t i o n n d p r o n a t i o n .



Forearm Hand

OlecranonEpicondylus ateralis

l\4. nconeus

lvl lexor arpi lnaris

Corpus lnae

M extensor ndicis


l\4extensor arpi lnaris, endo

Caput lnae

Retinaculum usculorum xtensorum*

Ligg carpometacarpalia orsalia

Lig. collaterale adiale

Lig anulare radii

lvl extensor carpi radialis brevis

M supinator

Corpus adii

M, pronator eres, endo

M extensor ollicisongus

[/ abductor ollicisongus


Radius

M abductor ollicisongus,Tendo

extensor caroi radialis brevis,TendoM. extensor ollicis revis,Tendo

Betinaculum usculorum xtensorum*

M extensor arpi adialis ongus,Tendo

M extensor ndicis.Tendo

M extensor ollicisongus,Tendo

M interosseus orsalis l

M interosseus orsalis

M interosseus orsalis ll

M interosseus orsalis V

M ext ensor igitorum, endines Os metacarpi l

F i g . 3 6 9 M u s c t e s f h e o r e a r m nd h e h a n d ;e x t e n s o r s p e c t , e e p a y e r ;i n t e r m e d i a t e o s i t i o n f h e o r e a r m b e t w e e ns u p i n a t i o n n d p r o n a t i o n* The endon ompartments ormed y he extensor etinacutum

have een pened o n g i t u d i n a t t y



t t

Shoutder Arm


HUmerus

Humerus

M, brachioradialis

lvl biceps brachii

Aponeurosis musculibicipitisbrachii

Lig collaterale adiale

N radialis, R profundus

M. brachioradialis

N. medianus

M biceps brachii


NI biceps brachii,

N medianus

Aponeurosis usculibicipitis rachii

biceps brachii,Tendo

M supinator

M pronator eres

M palmaris ongusM llexor carpi radialis

M pronator uadratus

F i g . 3 7 0 F o r e a r m n s u p i n a t i o n ;v e n t r o p a t m a r i ewA r r o w s n d i c a t e h e d i r e c t i o n f o r c e g e n e r a t e dby he m a i n s u p i n a t o rmuscLes .

> 1 3 2 , T 3 3 , T 3 5

F i g . 3 7 1 F o r e a r m n p r o n a t i o n ;v e n t r a I i e wof he e t b o w e q i o n . o r s a I i e w o f h ed o r s u m f h e h a n d .A r r o w s n d i c a t e he d i r e c i i o n f o r c e g e n e r a t e dby he main p r o n a t o rm u s c l e s .

) T 3 2 , T 3 3 , T 3 5

Tendo

N radialis,B profundus

M supinator

Articulatioadioulnarisdistalis, apsula

articularis

lvl pronator eres,Caput lnare

lvl pronator eres,Caput umerale

M palmaris ongus

M. flexor carpi radialis

lvlembranainterossea ntebrachii

Ulna

pronator uadratus




and nsertions f the muscles f the hand


M tlexor arpi adialis

M brachioradialis

M abductor pollicisbrevis

2 3 4 5 M flexor igitorum uperficialis,Tendines*

M. lexor arpi lnaris

M. abductor igiti minimi

M opponens digiti minimi

M flexor digiti minimi brevis

M. flexor carpi ulnaris


M adductor pollicis,Caput ransversum

M. opponens digiti minimi


M abductor igiti minimi

M flexordiglti minimi brevis

l\4 lexorpollicis revis,Caput rofundum

M opponens ollicis

lvl flexorcarpi radialis

M flexor ollicis revis,Caput rofundum

M abductor ollicis revis

M adductor pollicis,Caput obliquum

l\4 lexor ollicisongus


M flexor igitorum rofundus

f,I

tI

I,i l

Mm interossei almares

F i g . 3 7 2 0 r i g i n s a n d n s e r t i o n s f h e m u s c t e s f h e h a n dat the bones f he hand.* The texors nsert t he second o ifthdiqit

2'\',€g{ { t






Muscles f the hand


M flexor ollicisongus, endo

Vagina endinis usculi lexoris arpi adialis

Vagina endinum usculorumabductoris ongi t extensoris

pollicis revis

Retinaculum usculorumlexorum


M flexor pollicisbrevis,Caput superficiale

M opponens pollicis


M flexor pollicisbrevis,Caput profundum

l\4 lexor pollicisbrevis,Caput superficiale

M adductor pollicis,Caput ransversum

Vagina endinis musculiflexoris pollicis ongi

F i g . 3 7 1 M u s c L e s f h e p a t m ;middte Layer.

Membrana nterossea antebrachii

M pronator uadratus

Ulna

Proc styloideus


M flexor igitorum rofundus, endines

Os pisiforme

lvl abductor igitiminimi

M tlexor digitiminimi brevis

M opponens digitiminimi

Mm lumbricales

M abductor digitiminimi

Articulatio etacarpophalangeaCapsula rticularis


M flexor igitorumsuperficialis,endines

Mm interossei almares

> T 32, T 36-T 38

M flexor igitorumsuperfcialis, endines



t t

Tendon heaths f thehand

Vagina endinis usculi lexoris ollicisongi

Vagina endinum usculorum bductorislongi t extensoris ollicis revis

Vagina endinis musculi lexoris carpi radialis

M opponens ollicis

M flexor pollicisbrevis



M. adductor pollicis,

Caput transversum

M lumbricalis

F i g . 3 7 5 Te n d o n h e a t h s , a g i n a e e n d i n u m ,o f h e h a n d .


Betinaculum usculorumlexorum

M abductor digiti minimi

M flexor digitiminimi brevis

M opponens digiti minimi

Vagina ommunis endinummusculorumlexorum

b 5o/o

Fig. 376 a-d Frequentt e n d o n h e a t h s .

c < 1 %

var ia t ionsf he patmar

1 1 o / o



Topography Sect ionsForearm Hand

Radius

M abductor ollicisongus, endines

M, lexor arpi adialis, endo

Retinaculum usculorum exorum

M abductor ollicis revis

M flexor pollicisbrevis, Caput superficiale

M flexor ollicis revis, aput rofundum

M opponens ollicis


Canalis arpi

l\/ llexor ollicis revis, aput rofundum

Os pisiforme



M opponens igiti minimi

lvl flexor digitiminimibrevis

M interosseus orsalis V

M interosseus almaris ll


M lumbricalis

M flexor igitorumsuperficialis,endo

M flexor pollicisbrevis,Caput superficiale

l\4 adductor pollicis

l\/l flexor pollicislongus, Tendo

M interosseusdorsalis

M flexor carpi radialis, Tendo

Retinaculum musculorum lexorum

M opponens ollicis


M flexor pollicisbrevis

M adductor pollicis


Mm lumbricales

M flexor digitorum superficialis, endo

Vincula onga

Vinculaendinum

N4 lexor igitorum rofundus, endo

Retinaculum usculorumlexorum

M. lexor ollicis revis, aput rofundum

M adductor ollicis, aput bliquum

M interosseus almaris l

l\4adductor ollicis, aput ransversum

M interosseus orsalis ll

Fig.377 Musctes f the paLm;deep ayer.

F i g .378 Musctes f the p a [ m ;d o a n a q l l t \ / a r

M interosseus almaris M interosseus orsalis l






Vagina endinis usculiextensoris ollicisongi

Vagina endinis usculiextensoris arpi lnaris

Vagina endinum usculorum xtensorisdigitorum t extensoris ndicis

Vagina endinis usculiextensoris igitiminimi

Connexusintertendinei


M extensor digitorum,Tendines

F i g . 3 8 0 D o r s a I a r p a l endon hea ths .

Fascia antebrachiif exor igitorum uperfcialis,

Tendines A ; N. ulnarisBetinaculum usculorumlexorum

N medianus

lvl flexor pollicislongus, Tendo


M flexor carpi radialis,Tendo

Os trapezium

Vagina endinis musculiflexoris carpi radialis

Ligg carpometacarpalia almaria

Vagina ommunistendinum usculorumflexorum

Os rapezoideum

Os capitatum

F i g . 3 8 1 P a t m a r a r p a I e n d o n h e a t h s ;t ransverse ecuon

M flexor igitorum rofundus,Tendines

The c o m p r e s s i o n f he median ervein he c a r o a L u n n e I s k n o w n s"carpaLt u n n e L y n d r o m e " .

Os hamatum




t t at

Shoutder Arm

Muscles f he hand


Mm. nterosseipalmares

Fig, 82 DorsaI nterosseous usc tes ,Mm. n te rosse i orsa tes ;dorsaI iew.

F i g .3 8 3 P a t m a r n t e r o s s e o u s usc tes ,M m . n t e r o s s e i a t m a r e s ;p a t m a r i e w.The e n d o n s f h e n t e r o s s e o u s nd heI ' u m b r i c a I u s c l e s a d i a t e n t o h e s o - c a t l e dd o r s a I p o n e u r o s i s f h e i n g e r s a r r o w s J .

M interosseuspalmaris ll

M. nterosseuspalmaris l

M. nterosseuspalmaris




M lumbricalis l

M lumbricalis

l\4 lexor igitorum uperficialis,endines

M interosseuspalmaris


M lumbricalisV

M lumbricalisll


l\/l lexor igitorum uperficialis,endines

F i g .3 8 4 L u m b r i c a Im u s c t e s ,M m . u m b r i c a [ e s ;p a t m a r i e w

M extensor ndicis, endo

M interosseus orsalis. nterosseusdorsalis

l\4 umbricalis

Vincula onga

Vinculum reve

Articulatiometacarpophalangea l,

Capsula articularis

Vagina endinis,Stratum ibrosum

Lig collaterale

Lig.collaterale

b

F i g . 3 8 5 a , b Tendon n s e r t i o n s t t h e n d e x ;the endons f b o t h l e x o r s a v e e e n d i s s e c t e d r o mthe endon h e a t h .a P a L m a r i ewb L a t e r a I i e w

Os metacarpi l

M interosseuspalmaris

M flexordigitorumprofundus, endo

Vincula endinum

Tuberositasphalangisdistalis

M lumbricalis

M. lexor igitorumsuperficialis, endo

Vagina endinis,Stratum ynoviale



> Upper imb

Brachial lexus

MuscOverview Shoutder Ar m

* Nn spinales, r. entrales

+ a Truncus uperiorb Truncus ediusc Truncus nferior

o a Fasciculus ateralisb Fasciculus osteriorc Fasciculus edialis

Parssupraclavicularis

Pars

infraclavicularis

N musculocutaneus C5-C7)

N medianus C5-T1)

N. axillarisC5,C6 )

N radialis C5-T1)

N cutaneus brachii medialis Tl )

N cutaneus antebrachii medialis C8, T1 )

N ulnaris C7-Tl

1 N. phrenicus Plexus ervicalis)2 N dorsalis capulae C5 )3 Rr. musculares4 N suprascapularis C5,CO)5 N subclavius C5,C6)6 N, pectoralisateralis C5-C7)7 N. subscapularis C5-C7)I N thoracodorsalisC6-C8)9 N pectoralis edialis C8,Tl )

10 N thoracicus ongus C5-C7)1.1 N intercostalisT1 )

F i g . 3 8 6 B r a c h i a L t e x u s , l e x u s r a c h i a I i s .



TopographyCubitaI ossa Forearm Hand

Plexus rachialis,Pars upraclavicularis

Radix ateralis

Badix medialis

N medianus

N axillaris

N cutaneusbrachii ateralis

supenor

N musculocutaneus

N. adialis

N cutaneus rachiin^ciari^r

cutaneus rachiilateralisnferior

A axillaris

N cutaneusbrachiimedialis

N cutaneusantebrachiimedialis

N ulnaris

N. nterosseusantebrachiianterior

R. dorsalis N.ulnaris)

R palmaris N ulnaris)

R prolundus N ulnaris)

R. superficialis N. ulnaris)

Nn digitalespalmares communes

N cutaneusantebrachii ateralis

R. superficialis

R. profundus

N. cutaneusantebrachii

posterior

R communicanscum neryo lnarl

Nn digitalesparmares

communes

Nn digitalespalmares propril

Nn digitalespalmares

propfll

F i g .3 8 7 N e r v e s f h e u p p e r i m b ;OVETVIEW.

Nerves f the upper imb



'Upper imb


Surface l ske le tonl Musc

Fig. 88 SegmentaI u taneousnnervat iondermatomes]f he upper imb.

Fig.389 Segmenta[ utaneousnnervat iondermatomes]f he upper imb.



CubitaI ossa Forearm

N musculocutaneus, cutaneusantebrachii ateralls


N. adialis, cutaneusbrachii ateralis nlerior

N. axillaris, .cutaneus rachiilateralis uperior

N medianus

Nn.suoraclaviculares

Rr. cutaneianteriorespectorales

Rr. cutaneilateralespectorales

Nn. ntercostales

N ulnaris

N curaneus ntebrachiimedialis\

R anteriorR posterior

Fig.390 Cutaneous erves f he upper imb.

N cutaneus rachii osteriors brachii osterior .l

N. cutaneus rachiiateralis nlerior

|ru. adiatis

I N. cutaneus ntebrachii osteriorJ

N. musculocutaneus ,

R . s

N cutaneusantebrachiilateralis

Nn. horacici,Rr. cutanei

antebrachii medialis

posteriores

N radialis. cutaneus rachii osterior

N. cutaneus rachii medialis

N cutaneus


Fig.391 Cutaneous erves f he upper imb.



> Upper imb MuscOverview Shoulder Arm

Muscu ocuta eous e ve

M coracobrachialis

M biceps brachii

F i g , 3 9 2 M u s c u t o c u t a n e o u s e r v e ,N . muscutocutaneus ;- , , ^ ^ t . , ; ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^r u y P r y i l r 9 d r s d > .

The s k i n b r a n c h e s n d he

cutaneous n n e r v a t i o n r ei l t u s t r a t e d n b tue .

M brachialis

) 46, 86, 2 t , ,T 25

F i g . 3 9 3 M u s c u l o c u t a n e o u s n e r v e ,N musculocutaneus ;s e g m e n t a I rg a n i s a t i o n .



ubi ta l ossa Forearm Hand

F i g .394 Median e r v e ,N . m e d i a n u s ;c r r n n l \ / r n n a r a l c

N medianus


) t+6,386,T 4 ,T 5

M pronatorteres

F i g .395 M e d i a n e r v e ,N . m e d i a n u s ;p r o x i m a L aLsy:y p i c a I o s t u r e .

F i g .3 9 5 M e d i a n e r v e ,N . m e d i a n u s ;s e g m e n t a I rg a n i s a t i o n



'Upper imb

Ulnarnerve

MuscOverview Shoulder Arm

N. cutaneus ntebrachiimedialis

N. cutaneus rachiimedialis

Fig.397 ULnar erve,N .u l n a r i s ;supplying reas .


M flexor carpiulnaris

R superficialis

) 46 , 86 , 24 ,T 5

Fig . 98 Utnar e rve , . u tnar i s ;segmentaI rganisat ion.

F i g . 3 9 9 U t n a r n e r v e ,N . u l n a r i s ;p r o x i m a I a t s y

VI

v t l

I



Cubi ta Iossa Forea rm Hand

l\i\, riceps brachii,Caput ongum

M triceps rachii,Caput mediale

N cutaneus rachiiposterior

Fig.400 RadiaI erve,N . a d i a t i s ;supplying reas.

M triceps rachii,Caput aterale

N cutaneus ntebrachiiposrenor

R superficialis

) 46 , 86 , 2 t , ,T 5

F i g . 4 0 1 R a d i a I e r v e ,N . r a d i a t i s ;s e g m e n t a I rg a n i s a t i o n .

F i g . t 0 2 R a d i a L e r v e ,N . a d i a L i s ;proximaI atsy.

Radialnerve





CubitaI ossa Forearm Hand

A circumflexahumeri nterior

A profunda rachii

A collateralis media

A collaleralis adialis

Arteries f the upper imb

A thoracoacromialis

A axillaris

A. brachialis

A brachialis

A radialis

A, recurrens adialis

interossea ecurrens

R anterior

B posterior

A recurrensulnaris

A. ulnaris

A interosseacommunts

A interosseaanteriorA, nterossea osterior

A radialis

R carpalis palmaris

A comitansnervimediani

B carpalis orsalis

Arcus almarissuperficialis

R palmarissuperficialis

Arcus almarisprofundus

A princepspollicis

Aa digitalespalmares communes

A radialis ndicis

Aa digitalespalmares propriae

F i g .4 0 6 A r t e r i e s f h e u p p e r i m b ;overytew.A r t e r i e s d j a c e n t o t h e e l b o w o i n t o r m h ec u b i t a I a n a s t o m o s i s .



' Upper imb

Lymphatics f the axilla

Musc

Vasa ymphatica uperf cialia

V cephalica

V axillarisV thoracoepigastrica

V, basllica

Nodi ymphoidei ubitales

V cephalica

F i g . 107 S u p e r f c i a L y m p h a t i c s ,y m p h nodes nd v e i n r u n k sin he reg ions f h e a r m , h e a t e r a I h o r a c i c a t Ia n d h e a x i t l a .

0 ve rv ie w S h ou l de r A r m

Papillamammana

Vasalymphaticasuperficialia


(Plexus ymphaticusaxillaris)

Vasalymphatica

superlicialia



CubitaI ossa Forearm

Nn,supraclavicularesntermedii

Nn.supraclavicularesaterales

M deltoideus, ascia

A thoracoacromialls, .pectoralis

Fascia brachii

Nodi ymphoidei xillares uperfcialesA. horacica ateralis

V thoracoepigastrica

M. atissimus orsi, ascia

Rr. cutanei aterales ectorales(Nn. ntercostales)

M serratus nterior, ascia

I Nn.supraclavicularesmediales

o M. pectoralismajor,Fascia

a M.obliouus bdominisexternus, ascia

Vaginamusculi ectiabdominis

Fig .408 Vesse t s ndnerves n he egions fthe upper rm as wet [ s he shoulder, nd hec lav ipec tora Ir iang[e , r igonum tavipectorale .

Fascia f the chest, he shoulder nd he axilla

407



Musc0 ve rvi ew S ho ut de r Arm

M deltoideus, CPars clavicularis

M deltoideus, aPars acromialis

V cephalica O

Rete acromiale

R deltoideus

254258

.t Fasciculus osterior

,,i Fasciculus ateralis

i, Fasciculus medialis

Clavicula

F i g .409 C t a v i p e c t o r a Ir i a n g t e ,Tr i g o n u m l a v i p e c t o r a t e

O A subclavia

A subclavia

a V subclavia

a M subclavius

Fascia lavipectoralis

* Nn pectoralesmediales

O A thoracoacromialis,Rr pectorales

a M pectoralismajor,Pars lavicularis

I M pectoralismajor,Pars ternocostalis

40 8

F i g . r10 B r a n c h i n g a t t e r n f h e h o r a c o - a c r o m i aI r t e r y,A t h o r a c o a c r o m i a t i s.





>Upper imb

Neck nd axillary ossa

Sur face lSke te ton l MuscShoutder Arm

A subclavia

V axillaris& Plexus rachialis, ars upraclavicularis

*uN phrenicuso M scalenus nterior

a Truncus hyrocervicalis

o A, vertebralis

l\4, mohyoideus,Venter nferior

A transversa olli o

A. axillaris

Plexus rachialis,Pars nfraclavicularis

o A. carotis ommunis

I Ansa cervicalis

A. horaco- i Rr. pector aacromtals lR. acromia \

a M sternothyroldeus

O M sternohyoideus

t N, vagus Xl

M deltoideus

V cephalica a

A. axillarisa

a V brachiocephalica

* M sternocleido-mastoideus

I lvl.pectoralismalor

& Nn, horacici,Nn, ntercostales,Rr. utaneianteriorespectorales

pectoralismalor

V axillarisO

M. pectoralis inor

N intercostobrachialist

N. horacodorsalis,

A ; V, horacica ateralis a

A ; V t h o r a c o d o r s a l i s a O

N. horacicus ongusm

thoracicus T4],N. ntercostalis,R. cutaneus ateralis ectoralis

lV. atissimus orsi

V thoracoepigastrica

Rr.mammarii aterales

Fig . 13 La te ra t horac ic a t [ ; n f rac tav icu[a rossa ,Fossa nf rac tav icu[a r i s ,nd x i t l a ryossa , ossaax i I tais .



Topography SectionsCubita t ossa Forearm Hand

Nodi lymphoidei cervicales anteriores,Nodi superficiales t profundi

V jugularis xterna o M scalenus ediusM sternocleidomastoideus

M,omohyoideus,Venter uperior

A ; V t r a n s v e r s a a Ocolli,

R superficialis

Nodi ymphoideicervicales nt,

superfic et prof.

M scalenusanterior

Truncusjugularis inister

Nodus ymphoideuscervicalis ateralis,

Nodus rofundusinferior

Bulbus nferiorvenae ugularis

Ductusthoracicus,

Pars cervicalis

Arcus avenosus ugularis

V jugularis xterna

Trunci ubclaviuset bronchomediasti-

nalis inister

M subclavius

M pectoralismajor a

Nodi vmohoidei ervicaleslaterales. Nodi suoerf ciales

a o A ; V s u p r a s c a p u l a r i s

a A. subclavia

F o s s a x i t t a r i s , n d

l y m p h a t i c s n d Ly m p h

a M. rapezius * Nn supraclaviculareslaterales

6 N. suprascapularis

a M. pectoralismtnor

a V cephalica

Nodi ymphoideisubscapulares

o M. pectoralismaJor

a N radialis

I N. musculo-CUIANEUS

a A circumtlexahumeri osterior

a N. medianus

a V cephalica

a V brachialis

o N. ulnaris

Nodi ymphoideiaxillares laterales

Costa llM pectoralis inor

Nodi lymphoidei deltopectorales

A thoracica uDeriorNodi ymphoidei axillares entrales

V axillaris

Nodi ymphoideipectorales

Fig. 111 Axi[[ary ossa,d e e p e r v i c a I egion;e x e m p [ a r y t t u s t r a t i o n fnodes .

e N. cutaneus rachiimedialis

o V brachialis

Nodi ymphoidei ntercostales

I N. horacicus ongus

a aA : V thoracica ateralis

t N. intercostobrachialis

and axillary ossa

25 8



Sur face lSke te ton l MuscOverview S ho ut de r Arm

& N intercostobrachialis

* N cutaneus rachii medialis

Nn supraclavicularesaterales

V cephalica o

N. musculocutaneus ,cutaneus ntebrachii ateralis

V mediana ubiti

N, radialis, N cutaneus $antebrachii posterior

V mediana antebrachii a

& N

O V

cutaneus antebrachii medialis

basilica

N cutaneus antebrachii medialis.R posterior

i N cutaneus antebrachii medialis,R anterior

I + 1 7

407

I+21

a V basilica

F i g . 4 1 5 E p i f a s c i a I e s s e l s nd n e r v e s f he s h o u t d e r,R e g i o e t t o i d e a , h e a n t e r i o r e g i o n f h e a r m ,R e g i o r a c h i i n t e r i o r, n d h e a n t e r i o r e g i o nof he e t b o w, R e g i o u b i t a L i s n t e r i o r.



TopographyCubi ta Iossa Forea rm Hand

O Rete acromiale

Rr cutanei a(A V circumflexa umeri osterior)

N axillaris, cutaneus rachiiateralis uDerior

N cutaneus brachii medialis .

Nn supraclaviculares aterales

&N

axillaris,N cutaneus rachii ateralis uperior

a V cephalicaI N radialis, N cutaneus antebrachii osterior

Olecranon

Epicondylusateralis

F i g . 11 6 E p i f a s c i a I esse ts nd n e r v e s f h e s h o u t d e r,R e g i o e l t o i d e a , h e p o s t e r i o r egion f he a r m ,Regio r a c h i i o s t e r i o r, nd he p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f h e e t b o w, R e g i o u b i t a t i s o s t e r i o r.

119ry22



'Upper imb

Vessels nd nerves f the arm

>>l Sur face lSke te ton l MuscShoutder Arm

M.subclavius

o N. suprascaoularis

3 N. cutaneusantebrachiimedialis

o N. subscaDularis

M deltoideus

M pectoralis inor

Fasciculus ateralis

A axillaris

M coracobrachialis

M. pectoralis ajor

A circumllexa umeri nterior

N. musculocutaneus

M biceps brachii

V basilica

Caput ongum

Caput breve a

N musculocutaneus

A brachialis a


a Fasciculus edialis

e Fasciculus osterior

a M. subscapularis

o A. circumflexahumeri osterior

o M teres major

aA subscaDularis

8 N. horacodorsalis

a M latissimus orsi

3 N. cutaneus brachii medialisa M triceps rachii,

Caput ongum

I N. radialis

oA profunda rachii

8 N ulnaris

a M triceps rachii, aput mediale

Septum ntermusculare rachii ediale

Fig.417 Vessets nd nerves of the anterior egiono f h e a r m , Re g i o r a c h i i n t e r i o r.

l + 1 5424



ubi taI o ss a Fo re ar m H an d

M deltoideus

M biceps rachii,Caput breve

M. pectoralismajor O

M coracobrachialis

N. musculocutaneu s

M biceos brachiio

M.brachialis

N musculocutaneus,N cutaneus ntebrachii ateralis

A. brachialis

N. medianus

M. brachioradialis

a M. coracobrachialis

a A axillaris

a N. axillaris

a M. eres major

a N radialis

a N. medianus

a A. profunda rachii

o M. riceps brachii,Caput ongum

o N. ulnaris

O A. collateralis lnaris uperior

I M triceps rachii, aput mediale

a A. collateralis lnaris nferior

Epicondylus edialis

a Mm. lexores ntebrachii

F i g ,418 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f h e a r m , R e g i o r a c h i i n t e r i o r.

Arteries nd nerves



Mus

Arteries nd nerves f the arm

M teres major

Shoutder Arm

o M deltoideus

* N radialis, cutaneus rachii osterior

a M triceps rachii, aput aterale

o M biceps rachii

SeDtumntermusculare rachii aterale

a M brachialis

a A collateralis adialisc N cutaneus rachiiateralis nferior

& N radialis, ,cutaneus ntebrachii osterior

a M, riceps rachii, aputmediale

' N musculocutaneus, cutaneus ntebrachii ateralis

Epicondylusateralis

a M brachioradialis

a M anconeus

a M extensor arpi adialis ongus

o M extensor arpi adialis revis

N axillaris, cutaneus rachiilateralis uperior

A profunda brachii, R deltoideus O

M triceps rachii. aput ongum

N radialisA prolunda rachii

A brachialis

A collateralis lnaris nferior

{t N ulnaris

Rete articulare ubitia

Olecranon

F i g , 11 9 A r t e r i e s nd n e r v e s f h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f h e a r m , R e g i o r a c h i i o s t e r i o r.

120



Topography SectionsCubitaI ossa Forearm

Lig. ransversum capulae uperius

O A suprascapularisN suprascapularis

O Rete acromialeLig transversumscapulae nferius

A. circumflexascapurae

a N. axillaris

o A. circumflexahumeri osterior

a N. cutaneus rachiiposterior(N. adialis)

A brachialis

N radialis

A. Drolunda brachii O

A collateralis adialis,R posteriorO

A collateralis lnaris nferiorO

Fig.120 Arteries and nerves of the scaputar egion,R e g i o c a p u [ a r i s , n d h e p o s t e r i o r e g i o no f h e a r m , R e g i o r a c h i i o s t e r i o r.

a N. cutaneus rachii

lateralis nferior(N. adialis)

O A collateralisradialis,R anterior

a N. cutaneusantebrachii osterior(N radialis)

a N. cutaneusantebrachii ateralis(N.musculocutaneus)

Arteries nd nerves f the arm



S u r f a c e l S k e l e t o n l M u s c l

Veins nd nerves f the orearm

N radialis, ,N cutaneus brachii posterior

V cephalica a

N musculocutaneus,

V medianacubiti

V medianaantebrachii

N musculocutaneus,N cutaneus

antebrachiiateralis

V cephalica a

N radialis,superficialis

a A radia l is

., N cutaneusantebrachii edialis

, N cutaneusantebrachii edialis,R posterior

Olecranon

,t N cutaneusantebrachii edialis,R. anterior

o V basilica

a V medianaantebrachii

o (v mediana "nFPjlgllibasirica) n.'otlil1iJ;

a V cephalica

.&N. radialis,N cutaneusantebrachiiposterior

,, N radialis,R. superficialis

o V cephalica

a V basilica

a, N cutaneusbrachiimedialis

a, R, palmaris(N ulnaris)

* R.palmaris(N medianus)

N cutaneus *brachii medialis

N. radialis, ,N, cutaneusantebrachii

h ^ c t a / i ^ .

N cutaneusantebrachii

lateralis

V basilica a

R dorsalis(N,ulnaris)

41 6

F i g . 4 2 1 Ve i n s nd n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f h e o r e a r m , Regio n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r ;e p i f a s c i a [a y e r.

Fig. r22 Veins and nerves of the posterior egiono f h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i o s t e r i o r ;^ ^ ; { - - ^ i - t t ^ . , ^ -s p i l d > L r d r L d y g t .

439



Topography SectionsC ub it at o ssa F or ea rm Hand

V cephalica

V mediana cubiti

V cephalica

(V, mediana cephalica)


V cephalica

F i g . 4 2 3 a - c Va r i a t i o n scubi ta I ossa .

V basilica


V basilica

(A. brachialissuperficialis, ar *

(V mediana basilica)

V basilica

V cephalica

V basilica

V mediana cubiti

With regard o in t ravenous nject ions , his rare var ia t ion s par t icutar tyimportant , s a supposed[y ntravenous nject ion an mistaken[ybecome ntra-ar ter ia[ .

of the cubital ossa

i n h e e p i f a s c i a I e i n s f h e



MuscArm

Arteries nd nerves f the orearm

Fascia brachii

qo^i Im

intermuscularebrachiimediale

M biceps brachii 6

brachialis

medianus *

A brachialis a

Aponeurosismusculi icipitis

brachii

M supinator s

A radialis a

M pronator Steres

M brachio- sradialis

M flexorcarpi sradialis

M extensor Scarpi radialis

brevis

M flexor digitorum ssuperficialis

M flexor Spollicis ongus

M abductor *pollicis ongus

A radialis a

M pronator Sq u a v r d r u J

M extensor

pollicis revis,Tendo

$ M triceps rachii,Caput mediale

i N ulnar is ;a A collateralis

A brachialis a

N radialis ?

M brachioradialis

A collateralisradialis

N. radialis,R prolundus

M bicepsbrachii, endo

A radialis

A recurrensradialis

M

N

a A collateralisulnarissupenor

* N ulnaris

a A collateralisulnaris nferior

* l\4 brachialis

,, N medianus

o A ulnaris

* l\4 lexordigitorumsuperficialis

', N ulnaris

o A. ulnaris

r: B palmaris(N ulnaris)

, R dorsalis(N ulnaris)

a A ulnaris,R carpalisdorsalis

ulnaris uperior


Humerus ,Epicondylusmedialis

Fasciaantebrachii

s M bicepsbrachii, endo

o A ulnaris

s M palmarislongus

R dorsalis(N ulnaris)

@ M flexorcarpi ulnaris

l\4supinator


A radialis

N medianus

R palmaris(N medianus)

A radialis,R palmarissuperf cialis

O A ulnaris

Fasciaantebrachii

F i g . 1 2 1 A r t e r i e s nd nerves f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r ;subfasciaI ayer.

F i g , 1 2 5 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r ;c o u r s e f h e r a d i a I r t e r y, . r a d i a t i s

421



ubi taI ossa Forearm Hand

l\/l biceps tbrachii

N radialis :

N radialis,B profundus

A ulnaris o

A, radialis O

A recurrens aradialis


M supinator

M brachioradialis

A interosseacommunrs

M llexor *pollicis ongus

A radialis a


A radialis a)

R palmaris(N medianus)

M flexor carpi gradialis. Tendo

A radialis,

R palmarissuperticialis

lvlpalmarislongus, endo

A collateralis& M brachialis radialis

(R anterioo

, N medianus

o A collateralisulnaris uperior

.. ,N, ulnaris

o A brachialis

S M pronatorteres,Capututnare

* lvlpronatorteres

O A recurrensulnaris

* M flexorcarpi adialis

A brachialis

N radialis ,

N radialis,R profundus

A recurrensradialis

M bicepsbrachii, endo

- Epicondylus: , medialis

a A collateralisulnaris nlerior

a A recurrensulnaris

s N. medianus

o A comitansnervimediani

a A interosseaanlenor

a A ulnaris

i. .N ulnaris

I M. lexorcarpi lnaris,Tendo

A interosseacommunrs

M pronatorteres

A interosseaposterior

N interosseusantebrachii

anterior& M flexor

digitorumsuperficialis,Caput adiale

a A ulnaris

., N ulnaris


A radialis

M pronator *quadratus

M flexor 6pollicisrongus

€ l\4 flexor carpiulnaris, Tendo

t, R dorsalis(N ulnaris)

a A ulnaris,R carpalisdorsalis

F i g . 26 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o no f h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r ;oeep ayer.

+ 19

12

F i g . 1 2 7 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e a n t e r i o r e g i o nof h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r ;deep ayer after partiaI emovaI f the f exord i g i t o r u m u p e r f i c i a t i s u s c t e .




Shoutder Ar m

Arteries nd nerves f the cubital ossa

N. adialis

A. collateralisradialis, R. anterior)

M brachioradialis

Mm extensoresacarpi adiales

N radialis,R. profundus

M extensor Odigitorum

M. supinator

N. adialis,R. profundus

A interossearecurrens

a M. bicepsbrachii

a A. collateralisulnaris uperior

a A. brachialis

a N. medianus

o N. radialis,R. superficialis

O A. radialis

o A. recurrensradialis

o M.extensor arpiradialis revis

Fig.428 Arteries and nerves of the anterior egiono f h e e t b o w, R e g i o u b i t a L i s n t e r i o r ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e r a d i a t m u s c l e s f h e o r e a r m :l a t e r a [ r a d i a U i e w.

O A collateralisulnaris nferior

N medianus

A brachialis

M.biceps rachii

M. brachialis

M. brachioradialis

N. radialis

Mm flexores Oantebrachii

A ulnaris

A radialis

M. pronator eres O

N medianus



Epicondylusmedialis

a N. ulnaris

Olecranon

M flexorcarpi lnaris

a N ulnaris

a M flexordigitorum rofundus

Fig.129 Arteries and nerves of the anterior egiono f h e e t b o w, R e g i o u b i t a t i s n t e r i o r ;after partiaI emovat f the f exor musctes of the forearm;m e d i a [ u L n a r ] i e w.



Topography SectionsCubitat ossa Forearm

A. collateralisradialis

M triceos brachii

N. ulnaris

A recurrens Oulnaris

Olecranon

Rete articularecubiti

M anconeus

M extensor Ocarpi lnaris

M. extensor Ocarpi lnaris,

Tendo

M.extensordigitiminimi,

Tendo

Rete carpale Odorsale

R. dorsalis(N.ulnaris)

o M.brachioradialis

O M. extensor arpiradialis ongus


o M extensorcarpi adialisorevrs

a N radialis,R profundus

O A interosseaposterior

a M.extensordigitorum

o M abductor ollicislongus

a M. extensor ollicisbrevis

o N. radialis,R superficialis

o A. nterossea nterior

A collateralisulnaris nferior

M.anconeus

A. nterossea Orecurrens

M extensordigitorum

R. profundusnervi adialis,

N. nterosseusantebrachii

posterior

M.extensorpollicisongus

M extensorcarpi lnaris,

Tendo

Retinaculummusculorume)densorum

R. dorsalis(N.ulnaris)

O M supinator

a N. radialis,R. profundus

o M. extensor arpiradialis revis

a Rr. musculares

a M. abductorpollicisongus

Membrana nterossea

a N. radialis,R. superticialis

O M extensorpollicis revis

o M.extensorpollicisongus, endoetinaculum

musculorumextensorum

31

Fig.430 Art er ies nd nerves f he poster ior egionof he orearm, egio ntebrachii os te r io r ;superficia[ayer.

Fig. 431 Arteries and nerves of the posterior egiono f h e o r e a r m , R e g i o n t e b r a c h i i o s t e r i o r ;deep ayer.




> Upper imb

Arteriesof the

Sur face lSke le ton l Musc leShoutder Arm

A radialis

R carpalis palmaris

A ulnaris

R carpalis almaris

B carpalis orsalis

R palmarissuperficialis

Arcus almaris rofundus

A princeps pollicis

A radialis ndicis

Aa digitales palmares propriae

R palmaris rofundus

Aa metacarpales almares

Arcus almaris uperfcialis

Aa digitales almares ommunes

Aa digitales palmares propriae

F i g . 1 3 2 A r t e r i e s f h e p a t m , PaLma;overytew.

F i g .433 a - d Va r i a t i o n s f t h e d e e p p a l m a r a r c h ,Arcus o a L m a r i s r o f n d u s .a

'Textbookc a s e " , i m p L e , L o s e d r c h

b D o u b l . i n q f h e u L n a r a r r

A n a s t o m o s i s i t h h e a n t e r i o r n t e r o s s e o u s r t e r y,A . n t e r o s s e a n t e r i o r *]T h e a d i a I r t e r y, r a d i a I i s , u p p I i e s o t h a d i a t f i n g e r s ,w h e r e a s h e u l n a r a r t e r y, . u t n a r i s , u p p l i e s h e h r e eu I n a r i n o e r s .



Cubita t ossa For ear m H and

A princeps ollicis

N medianus, palmaris

N. musculocutaneus,N cutaneus ntebrachii ateralis

Fascia antebrachii

Aponeurosis almaris

Arteries nd nerves f the hand

& N ulnaris

a M palmaris revis

a N digitalis almaris roprius

, N med ianus, r. palmares

E N ulnaris, r.palmares

t Nn digitales almares roprii

a A digitalis almaris ommunis

a Aa digitales almares ropriae

Lig metacarpale ransversumsuperficiale

Fig. 13t, Arteries and nerves of the paLm,Palma;s u o e r f i c i a [a v e r.



Musc


A radialisN medianus

l\4 lexor arpi adialis, endo

A radialis, palmaris uperficialis

N medianus, palmaris

lvlabductor ollicis revis

M flexor ollicis revis

Aa digitales almares ropriae

Nn. digitales palmares proprii

lr37

a A. ulnaris

I M. lexor arpi lnaris

, rN ulnar is ,R almarisOs pisiforme

* N ulnaris, . profundus

o A ulnaris, caroalis orsalis

{, N ulnaris, , superficialis

a A ulnaris, palmaris rofundus

e N digitalis almaris roprius

*i B communicans um nervo lnari

O Arcus almaris uDerficialis

s N digitalis almaris roprius

a Aa digitales almares ommunes

I+26lt"..:,{

43t,

F i g .4 3 5 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e p a L m , a l m a ;middte Laver.

F i g , 4 3 6 a - c Va r i a t i o n s f h e s u p e r f i c i a I a t m a r r c h ,A r c u s o a I m a r i s u o e r f i c i a t i s .a "Textbookcase" , toseo r cnb The u t n a r a r t e r y, u t n a r i s , u p p t i e s h e h r e e u t n a r i n g e r s .c A L I i n g e r s r e suppt ied y h e u t n a r a r t e r y, u t n a r r s

37 Yo 35o/o 1 3 o / o



ubita[ ossa Forearm Hand

l/ pronator uadratus

A radialls

R carpalis almaris

M flexor arpi adialis, endo

R palmaris uperficialis



o A. ulnaris

O M flexor arpi lnaris

a A. ulnaris, .carpalisparmafls

c N ulnaris, .palmaris

a N. ulnaris, .superficialis

a N. ulnaris, profundus

o M abductordigitiminimi

O A ulnaris,R. palmaris rofundus

o Mm. nterossei almares

o M adductor ollicis

O Aa. metacarpalespalmares

a Mm. lexores igitorum,Tendines

o Mm. umbricales

M llexor ollicisongus, endo

M opponens ollicis

M. lexor ollicis revis, aput uperficialeArcus almaris rofundus

M.adductor ollicis

A. princeps ollicis

M abductor ollicis revisa

Aa digitales almares ropriae

l\4.nterosseus orsalis O

o Nn.digitalespalmares roprii

. Aa. digitales Oparmares propnae

Fig.137 Arteries and nerves ofdeep ayer.

the pa tm, a tma;

42 7

43 5



Mus



radialis, cutaneus ntebrachii osterior

Rete carpale dorsale O

A radialis, B carpalis dorsalis O

M extensor carpi radialis brevis, Tendo O

lvl extensor carpi radialis ongus, Tendo c

A radiatis

M extensor igitorum, endines

Os metacarpi l

& N radialis, r superficiales

a A radialis

Vagina endinis usculi lexoris arpi adialis

a A radialis, palmaris uperticialis

a A radialis

i M abductor ollicisongus, endo

t M extensor pollicisbrevis, Tendo

0 M. abductor ollicis revis

I M opponens ollicis

* M extensor pollicis ongus, Tendo

s Nn digitales orsales

a A digitalis orsalis

s M adductor ollicisa metacaroales orsales a

M interosseus orsalis Q

l\4.umbricalis t

N digitalis almaris roprius

A digitalis almaris ropria

N. digitalis dorsalis *

l-lV Vaginae endinum usculorum xtensorum:I Vagina endinum usculorum bductorisongi

et extensoris ollicis revisll Vagina endinum usculorum xtensorum arpi adialium

lll Vagina endinis usc uli xtensoris ollicisongilV Vagina endinum usculorum xtensoris igitorumet extensoris ndicis

F i g . 4 3 8 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e h a n d .



Topography SectionsCubitaI ossa Forearm

Rete enosum orsalemanus

W intercapitulares

N radialis, cutaneus ntebrachii osterior

N radialis. suoerficialis

Nn digitales orsales

F i g . 4 3 9 Ve s s e t s nd n e r v e s f h e d o r s u m oft h e h a n d , o r s u mm a n u ss u p e r f i c i a [a y e r.

Vessels nd nerves f the hand



'Upper imb


Sur face lSke te ton l MuscShoutder Ar m


A. radialis, carDalis orsalis

Aa metacarpales orsales O

A interossea nterior

N. adia l is , .profundus ,N interosseusantebrachii osterior

Membrana nterossea

a M extensor ollicis revis

a M abductor ollicisongus, endo

a Rete arpale orsale

a A radialis

a R perlorans

a A princeps ollicis

I M. extensor ollicisongus,Tendo

a M adductor pollicis

o M. nterosseus orsalis

Fig.440 Arteries and nerves of the dorsum oft h e h a n d , o r s u m m a n u s ;deep ayer.39



ubital ossa Forearm Hand

Canalis carpi

M flexor carpi radialis, endo

N medianus

M, palmaris ongus, endo


Thenar

Canalis arpi

(Aponeurosis orsalis)

Phalanx roximalis

lvl lexor igitorum rolundus, endo

M llexordigitorum uperficialis, endines

Vagina endinum

Fascia ntebrachii

A ulnaris

N ulnaris

Os pisiforme

Hypothenar

Ligg metacarpalia almaria

M extens or igitorum, endo

Ossa metacarpi

M tlexor igitorum rofundus,Tendines

Aponeurosis almaris

M flexor igitorum uperficialis,endines

Mm lumbricales

N. digitalis almaris roprius

F i g . 111 F a s c i a I c o m p a r t m e n t s o f t h e h a n d .* C [ i n i c a Ie r m : i g a m e n t f G RAY S O N+ * C t i n i c a Ie r m ; i g a m e n t f c L E L A N D* * * C t i n i c a It e r m : u l n a r a n a [ , a n a t i s t n o c a r p a t i st o g e e G U Y O N I

Topographic paces f the hand



> Upper imb

Hand, agittal ection

A interossea nterior

M pronator uadratus


Retinaculumusculorumlexorum

Phalanx media

Phalanx distalis

F i g . 11 2 H a n d , Manus ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n t t h e L e v e I f h e u t n a r p t a n e f h e m i d d t e n g e r.* C t i n i c a Le r m : i g a m e n t fc L E L A N D* +C [ i n i c a Le r m : i g a m e n t fG R AY S O N

Os unatum

o Rete arpale orsale

Os capitatum

Os metacarpi ll,Basis

t M, nterosseus almaris l

a M interosseus orsalis ll

a A. metacarpalis orsalis ll

O A digitalis orsalis

Membrana nterossea

a A interossea osterior

a M extensordigitorum

a M, abductor ollicisongus, endines

a M extensor ollicisongus, endo

Radius

Articulatioadiocarpalis

Mus

l\4 lexor igitorum uperficialis,endines

Rete carpale oalmare a

Aooneurosis almaris

A metacarpalis almaris ll O

Arcus almaris uperficialis

A digitalis almaris ommunis ll a

M lumbr ica l i s l l ,Tendo a

A digitalispalmaris propria O

Phalanx proximalis

Vagina endinum



TopographyCubitaI ossa Forearm Hand


F i g . t t 3 P o i n t s f n j e c t i o n or r e g i o n a Ic o n d u c t i o n n a e s t h e s i a t h e m i d d L e i n q e r.

Fig. 111 Pa[m, Patma;s e g m e n t a I u t a n e o u s n n e r v a t i o n .

F i g . 11 5 D o r s u m f h e h a n d , D o r s u m manus;s e g m e n t a I u t a n e o u s n n e r v a t i o n .



MuscShoutder Arm

N radialis {}

A profunda brachii a


V cephalica

M brachialis

Humerus


F i g . 11 5 A r m , B r a c h i u m ;t r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n .

F i g . 11 7 A r m , B r a c h i u m ,m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n t t h e e v e [ f h e m i d d t e f h e a r m :distaI iew.

a M biceps rachii

& N musculocutaneus

a A. brachialis

O V brachialis

s N medianus

o V basilica

s N. u lna r i s

SeDtumntermusculare rachiimediale

a lvl. riceps rachii, ap ut ongum

a M triceps brachii, Caput mediale

lvl biceps rachii

V brachialis

V basilica


M triceps rachii

Arm, ransverse ections

Fascia brachii

V cephalica a

M brachialis

M coracobrachialis

Humerus

Septum ntermusculare rachiiaterale



Topography SectionsCubi ta Io ssa F or ea rm Hand

lvl brachioradialis

N radialis

A profunda brachii a

M extensor carpi radialis ongus ,

Crista upraepicondylarisateralis

HUmerus

M triceps brachii O

V cephalica

l\,4brachioradialis

Fig. 118 Arm, Brachiumt r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n h r o u g h h e o w e r h i r do f h e a r m .

F i g . t 9 A r m , B r a c h i u mm a g n e t r c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l l ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n t t h e e v e [ f h e o w e r h i r d o f h e a r m :distaI iew.

Arm, ransverse ections

Fascia brachii

o A brachialis

N cutaneus ntebrachii edialis

a V brachialis

* N medianus

t N, cutaneus brachii medialis

a V basilica

a A collateralis lnaris uperior

Seotum ntermusculare rachii mediale

* N ulnaris

M, biceps brachii

A brachialis

V basilica

M brachialis

Humerus

Ulna

M triceps brachii

s l\,4 iceps rachii

M. brachialis

V cephalica a





Topographyital ossa Forearm Hand



M flexor arDi adialis

N. medianus

M. lexor ollicisongus

M. brachioradialis

A radialis

N, adialis

M pronatorteres


N interosseus ntebrachii nterior

l\4 extensor arpi adialis revis O

M extensordigitorum


M flexorcarpiradialis

l\/ flexordigitorumsuperficialis

M brachioradialis

M llexor ollicislongus

Radius

Mm extensores

Fo e a m, transve se sectio s

a V mediana antebrachii

a M flexor aroi lnaris

a A ulnaris

O N. ulnaris

O M. extensor arpi ulnaris

a M.extensor ollicisongus

a M extensor igitiminimi

a N interosseus ntebrachii osterior

Membrana nterossea

Fig.452 Forearm, ntebrachium;t ransverse ec t ionhrough he ower hird fthe orearm.


M, lexorcarpi lnaris

M. lexordigitorum rolundus

Ulna

Membrana nterosseaantebrachii

F i g . 4 5 3 F o r e a r m , A n t e b r a c h i u m ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;cross-section t the Level f the middl.e f the forearm:distaI view.





Topography SectionsCubitaI ossa Forearm Hand

Periosteum

Mesotendineum


M flexor igitorum uperticialis,endoO

Fig.457 Middte nger, ig i tus edius l l l l ;t r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n h r o u g h h e s h a f t o f t h e p r o x i m a l h a L a n x .

Corpus halangis

Mesotendineum


M flexor igitorum rofundus, endo

F i g . 4 5 8 M i d d L e i n g e r , i g i t u s e d i u s l l l l ;t r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n h r o u g h h e s h a f t o f h e m i d d t e h a t a n x

Hand, tra nsve se secti ns

a Aa digitales almares ommunes;r, N medianus

a M. lexor igitorum uperficialis,Tendines

O lV abductordigitiminimia M opponens

digitiminimi

Os metacarpi

o M flexor igitorum rofundus,Tendines

O M extensor digiti minimi

o l\/ flexor igitorum rofundus, endo

a A digitalis almaris ropria

Vagina endinum digiti

* S o - c a t t e d o r s a I p o n e u r o s i s n t ow h i c h h e b r a n c h i n g e n d o nof he extensor igi torummuscte , s wet l as the endons f theinterosseous nd umbricaI musctes adia te

a A digitalis almaris ropria

Vagina endinum digiti

Mm. umbricales

M flexor ollicis revis,Caput uperficiale

l\4 lexor pollicis ongus, Tendo, OVagina endinis

M.abductor ollicisongus

M opponens ollicis

Os metacarpi ollicis

[,l1 xtensor ollicis revisa

lvl extensor ollicisonqus,Tendo, agina end-inis a M interosseus almaris ll

M flexor ollicis revis,Caput rofundum o M. nterosseus orsalis V

M adductor pollicisoOs metacarpi V

M interosseus orsalis OA metacarDalis almaris a M. nterosseus almaris l

Os metacarpi ndicis

M. nterosseus almaris a a M interosseus orsalis llM interosseus orsalis l O

F i g . 4 5 6 M e t a c a r p u s ,M e t a c a r p u s ; r a n s v e r s e e c t i o n t t h e e v e I f h e h i r d m e t a c a r p a I one .

Corpus halangis o M extensordigitorum,Tendo*

N digitalisdorsalis c & N digitalis orsalis

* So-cat led orsaI aponeurosts



Brain

Arteriesof the head

Blood essels C r a n i a I a s e C ra ni aI e rv es M e ni n g es P ar t s f h e b

A. emporalissuperficialis

\ F

B frontalis

parietalis

A carotis xterna

( R. rontatisA. menrngea l

meora I\ R parietalis

n,opntnat-f A suPraorbitalismica

\ A supratrochlearis

A. carotis nterna,Pars cavernosa

A temporalissuperficialis

Aa temDoralesorofundae

A angularis

A sphenopalatina

A infraorbitalis

A. palatinaoescenoens

A basilaris

A. vertebralis

A occipitalis

A pharyngea scendens

A. vertebralis

A infraorbitalis

A meningeamedia A auricularis

posteriorA labialis uperior

A buccalis

A transversa aciei

A alveolaris nferior

A maxillaris

A labialis nferior

A facialis

A submentalis

A thyroidea uperior A carotis nterna, inus aroticus

A carotis ommunis

F i g . 4 5 9 E x t e r n a I r t e r i e s f h e h e a d .



entrictes Topography Sections Sp ina t ord Pathways

A callosomarginalis

A cerebri nterior

A ophthalmica

Siphon aroticum

A carotis nterna,Pars cavernosa

F i g . 4 6 0 I n t e r n a I r t e r i e s f h e h e a d .

A cerebrimedia

A carotis nterna,Pars erebralis

A. communicansposterior

A cerebri osterior

A inferior nterior erebelli

A basilaris

A. nferior osterior erebelli

A carotis nterna. Pars Detrosa

A vertebralis

A carotis nterna. Pars cervicalisA carotis xterna

A. carotis ommunis

The c o n t r a s t m e d i u m t s o d i s t r i b u t e s o t h e vesse ts f hec o n t r a t a t e r a t i d e i a h e a r t e r i a I i r c t e .a A P - r a d i o g r a p h , i g i t a t u b t r a c t i o n n g i o g r a p h y D S A ]b L a t e r a I a d i o g r a p h , i g i t a Lu b t r a c t i o n n g i o g r a p h y DSA)

F i g . 4 6 1 a , b I n t e r n a I a r o t i d r t e r y, . c a r o t i s n t e r n a ;r a d i o g r a p h s f t e ru n i t a t e r a I n j e c t i o n f a c o n t r a s t m e d i u m[ a g o g a m s ) .

Arteriesof the head





entr ic[es Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Sinus agittalis uperiorV emissaria arietalis

Lacunae aterales

Os parietale

Vv diploicae

Duramater ranialis

Arachnoidea atercranialis

Pia mater ranialis

Spatiumsubarachnoideum

Substantia lb a

Sutura agittalis

F i g . 4 6 3 C a l v a r i a , a t v a r i a ; e n i n g e s , e n i n g e s , n d d u r a Ivenous inuses , inus u r a e m a t r i s .I n h e a d u [ t , h e c e r e b r o s p i n a t L u i ds m a i n [ y e a b s o r b e d nt othe venous y s t e m h r o u g h h e a r a c h n o i d r a n u t a t i o n s .A d d i t i o n a L t y,e a b s o r p t i o n c c u r s h r o u g h h e y m p h a t i cs h e a t h s f s ma [ L e s s e t s f h e c r a n i a L i a m a t e r and h r o u g hthe p e r i n e u r a I h e a t h s f h e c r a n i a L n d h e s p i n a L e r v e s .

Granulationes rachnoideae

. \Eproermrs I

I cutisDermis Corium]J

Galea poneurotica

Lamina xterna

Diploe

Lamina nterna

Spatium

]""*."

Sutura agittalis

Vv diploicaeoccipitales

W diploicaeemporalesposteflores

F i g . 1 6 1 D i p t o i c a n a [ s , a n a t e s i p L o i c i , nd d i p t o i c e i n s ,V v. i p l o i c a e , f h e c a l v a r i a ;

t h e e x t e r n a I a b t e f c o m o a c t one h a s been emoved r omt h e c a t v a r i a .

Sutura oronalis

W diploicaefrontales

Vv diploicaetemporalesanteriores

Veins f the head



Bl.ood essels CraniaI ase Craniat erves Meninges Parts f he b

Dural venous lnuses

Sinus etrosus nferior

Sinus phenooarietalis

A carotis nterna


Sinus agittalisnferior

W superiores erebri

V magna erebri

Sinus ransversus

Sinus igmoideus

Sinus ectus

Confluens inuum

Sinus ccipitalis

Sinus marginalis

Foramen agnum

Sinus etrosus uDerior

N opticus ll

Sinus avernosus

Hypophysis

Sinus ntercavernosi

Plexus asilaris

F i g ,4 6 5 C r a n i a t u r a m a t e r, D u r a m a t e r c r a n i a l i sa n d d u r a l venous inuses , inus urae m a t r i s ;a f t e r o a r t i a I e m o v a l f h e e n t o r i u m e r e b e t l i .

Cranial ura mater, Duramater ranialisThe raniaI ura mater Lineshe cran ia I av i ty ompLeteLyand ight ty dheres o he skuLl .one . he cerebra I a[xprotrudes n he sag i t t a l . Lanen a s ick le -Likehape nds t re tches rom he cr i s ta aLt io he idge f he entorrumcerebeLLi ,h ich , n urn, overs t re tcheshe poster ior ranialfossa nd s at tached [onq he ransverse inus nd he

pyramidal .dge The margins f he entoria I otch nve topt h e m i d b r a i n n d a p e r f f n t o h e a n t e r i o r n dp o s t e r i o rc l i n n i d n r n c p c c T h c e c r c I p a L a [ x and t h e t e n t o r i u mc e r e b e [ [ i i v i d eh e c r a n i a L c a v i t yn t o h r e e p a c e s h a t r eincompte te tyeparated rom one another, ontainingthe wo cerebraI emispheres nd he cerebe t lum.



Ventrictes Topography Sections SpinaI ond Pathways

V ophthaimica uperior

Sinus ntercavernosi

Plexus asilaris

Sinus marginalis

Sinus occipitalis

Sinus ectus

Confluens inuum


Sinus phenoparietalis

Sinus avernosus

V meningea media

Plexus enosusforaminis valis

Sinus etrosusinferior

Sinus etrosussupenor

Bulbus uperiorvenae ugularis

Sinus igmoideus

Sinus ransversus

F i g . 1 6 6 DuraL enous r n u s e s , i n u s u r a e m a t r i s ;c o r r o s r o n a s t .The s inuses onta in o v a t v e s n d e a t u r e i g i d w a t l . s .+Ve i n f a g s E o h e u p e r f i c i a t i d d t e e r e b r a Ie ins

DuraI enous inuses, inus uraematrisT h e u r a L e n o u s i n u s e s r e i g i d e n o u s h a n n e L swi thout aLves raining he venous l ood rom he brain ias o - c a L [ e dr i d g i n ge i n sT h em a i n r a i n a g e omw i t h i nh e s k u L l c c u r s i a h es i g m o i d i n u s e s n t o h e n t e r n a L l u g u [ a re i n s . d d i t i o n a L Ly,t h e s u p e r i o r p h t h a t m i ce i n s n d h e h i g h Lya r i a b L em i s s -aryve ins orm a series f smaL[er, ikewisea lve less ,enousc o n n e c t i o n s e t w e e n h e n t r a - n d x t r a c r a n i a Le q i o n s

The wo caveTnous inuses s sume cen t ra I osi t ion yb e i n g i t u a t e d n h e m i d d L er a n i a L f o s s ao h e i g h tand he e f t o f he se[a urc ica . hey ommunicate rthe a c h t h e r h r o u g h h e n t e r c a v e r n o u si n u s e s n de i t h e rd i rec tLyr nd i rec tLyi thmos t other inuses nd with hev e i n s f h e o r b i t n d h e n f r a t e m o o r a Lo s s a



> Brain Blood esse[s CraniaI ase CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the br

External urface f the cranial ase

Foramina ncisiva Contents f the foramina of the externalsurface of the cranial base

Foramina ncisivaN . n a s o p a L a t i n u sN m a x i L L a r i sV / 2 ] lForamen atatinum majusN palat inus ajor N.maxiLta r i sV/2] )^ ^ - r ^ + i - ^^ ; ^ - l ^ ^ - L a t i n ad e s c e n d e n s ]. P d L d L i l r d r r d J U r t H P o

Foramina atatina minoraN n p a L a t i n i i n o r e s N .m a x i L L a r i sV / 2 ] lA a p a t a t i n a e i n o r e s A p a t a t i n a e s c e n d e n s l

Fissura rbitatis nferiorA inf aorbi taLisA.maxi t l a r i s ]V o p h t h a L m i c an f e r i o rN in f raorb i tal . i sN maxiLLarisV/2 l lN zygomat icusN maxi t la r i sV/2] )Foramen otundum see iq ?1, ?3 JN maxiLLarisV/2]Foramen valeN m a n d i b u l a r i sV / 3 ]P L e x u se n o s u s o r a m i n i s v a L i s

Foramen pinosumR .m e n i n g e u s N m a n d i b u L a r i sV / 3 ] lA m e n i n g e a e d i a A m a x i L t a r i s )Fissura phenopetrosa t Foramen acerumN p e t r o s u s i n o r N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u sl X J )N . p e t r o s u s a j o r N . a c i a L i sV l l ] lN p e t r o s u s r o f u n d u sP l e x u s a r o t i c u sn t e r n u s JApertura externa canalis arotici+ Canalis aroticusA caro t i s n te rna , a r s etrosaP l e x u s e n o s u s a r o t i c u sn t e r n u sP L e x u s a r o t i c u sn t e r n u s Tr u n c u s y m p a t h i c u s ,

G a n g L i o ne r v i c a L eu p e r i u s )Foramen tylomastoideumN f a c i a L i sV l l ]Foramen ugulareAnterior art:Q i n r r q n o t r n c r r c i n f e r i n r

N g L o s s o p h a r y n g e u sl X lPosterior art:A m e n i n g e a o s t e r i o rA p h a r y n g e a s c e n d e n s lS i n u s i g m o i d e u s B u l b u s u p e r i o r e n a e u g u t a r i s )N vagus XlR m e n i n q e u s N v a q u s X ] )N accesiorius Xll

-

Canalicutus astoideusR a u r i c u t a r i s e r v i a g i N v a g u s X J )

Canalis ervi hypogl.ossiN hypogtossusXll lP lexus enosus ana t i s e rv i ypogLoss i

Canatis ondylarisV.emissar ia ondylarisForamen magnumM e nn g e sP [ e x u s e n o s u s e r t e b r a [ i sn t e r n u s S i n u s a r q i n a L i s ]Aa vertebraLesAa subcLaviaeJA sp ina l ' i s nier ior Aa ver tebra [esJM e d u t l a b L o n g a t a / M e d u L l . ap i n a L i sR a d i c e s o i n a L e sN a c c e s s o r i u sX l ] l

'. ;


Foramina palatina minora

Fissura orbitalis nferior

Foramen ovale

Fissurasphenopetrosa;

Foramenlacerum

Foramensprnosum

Aperturaexlernacanailscarotici

Canaliculusmastoideus

Meatusacusticusexternus

Foramenstylo-

mastoideum

ForamenJUgUlare

Canalis ervihypoglossi

Canalis ondylaris

Foramen magnum

Maxilla Os palatinum

osfrontate I vor",

Os parietaleffi Os zygomaticum

Os sphenoidale

Os emporale

Os occipitale

F i g . 1 6 7 E x t e r n a L u r f a c e f h e c r a n i a I a s e ,B a s i s r a n i i x t e r n a . nd o r a m i n a



entr ic[es Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Contents f the oramina f the nternalsurface of the cranial base

Lamina ribrosaN n .o t f a c t o r i il ]A e t h m o i d a I i sn t e r i o r A o p h t h a L m i c a ]Canatis pticusN o p t i c u s l l lA o p h t h a L m i c aA c a r o t i s n t e r n a )M e n i n g e s ; a g i n a e e r v i p t i c iFissura rbitatis uperiorMediat art:N n a s o c i l i a r i sN . p h t h a L m i c u sV / 1 ] JN o c u l o m o t o r i u sl l l ]N a b d u c e n s Vl ]Lateral art:N trochtearis lV]C o m m o n r u n k f h e :- N f o n t a L i sN o p h t h a L m i c u sV / 1 ]- N L a c r i m a l i sN o p h t h a L m i c u sV / 1 ]R o r b i t a L i sA.m e n i n g e a e d i a lV o p h t h a t m i c au p e r i o -Foramen otundumN maxiLLar i sV/21Foramen ovaleN mandibuLarisV/3]PLexus enosus oraminis vaLisForamen pinosumR m e n i n g e u s N m a n d i b u L a r i sV / 3 ] )A m e n i n g e a e d i a A .m a x i L t a r i s )Fissura phenopetrosa t Foramen acerumN p e t r o s u s i n o r N .g L o s s o p h a r y n g e u sl X ] )N p e t r o s u s a j o r N f a c r a L i sV l l ] )

N p e t r o s u s r o f u n d u sP l e x u s a r o t i c u sn t e r n u s ]Apertura nterna canalis arotici + Canalis aroticusA caro t i s nterna, a r s pe t rosaPlexus enosus aro t icusn te rnusPlexus aro t icusnternus Truncus ympath icus ,G a n g L i o ne r v l c a [ eu p e r i u s )Porus + Meatus custicus nternusN f a c i a t i sV l l ]N v e s t i b u L o c o c h L e a r i sV l l l ]A L a b y r i n t h iA b a s i L a r i s JVv abyr in th iForamen uguLareAnterior art:Q i n r r c n o i r n c r r c i nf a n i n r

N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u sl X J

Posterior art:A m e n i n g e a o s t e r i o rA p h a r y n g e a s c e n d e n s ]S i n u s i g m o i d e u s B u t b u s u p e r i o r e n a e u g u [ a r i s ]N.vagus XlN accessor ius Xl]R m e n i n g e u s N . a g u s X J )Canalis ervi hypogtossiN hypoglossusXllJPLexus enosus anaLis erv i ypogLoss iCanatis ondylaris\ / ^ - ; - ^ - - i ^ ^ ^ ^ f , . , r ^ - i -v s r r i l 5 > d r r o L U I u y L d t t 5

Foramen magnumMe n i n g e sP L e v e n o s u s e r t e b r a L i sn t e r n u s S i n u s a r q i n a t i s }Aa. tebraLes Aa. ubc tav iae]

A spinat is nter ior Aa vertebrates]M e d u l l a b L o n g a t a / M e d u L L ap i n a L i sR a d i c e s p i n a L e sN a c c e s s o r i u sX l ] J


Foramen agnum

Canalis pticus

Fissura rbitalissupeflor

Foramenrotundum

Foramenovate

Foramen acerum;Fissurasphenopetrosa

Foramensprnosum

Aperturatnterna

canalrscarotici

Porusacusticusinternus

ForamenJugulare

Canalis ondylaris

Canalis ervi ypogloss i

Os rontale

Os parietale

Os ethmoidale

Os sphenoidale

Os temporale

Os occipitale

F i g . 4 6 8 I n t e r n a L u r f a c e f h e c r a n i a l a s e ,B a s i s r a n i i nt e r n a . n d o r a m r n a .

lnternal urface f the cranial ase



Btood esse[s C r a n i a I a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Parts f he b

C a nial ne ves, ove view

> Brain

N, opticus ll

Fila olfactoria l

N hypoglossus Xll]

N, facialis Vll]

N vestibulocochlearis Vll l]

C r a n i a l e r y e s . n . c r a n i a [ e s .



Ventrictes Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

N oculomotoriuslll, R superior

Radix sensoria

N. nasociliaris


oculomotoriusllll

Tectum mesencephali

N trochlearis vl

N. riqeminusVl .Ganglioi rigeminalA

N abducens Vl ]

( e

Radlx sympathica

F i g . 4 7 0 O c u L o m o t o r e r v e ,N . o c u t o m o t o r i u s l l l l ,t r o c h [ e a r e r v e ,N . r o c h [ e a r i s l V ] , ndabducens e rve , N . a b d u c e n s V l ] ;v i e w e d r o m h e r i g h t .* C o n n e c t i o n so h e r i g e mi n a t a n g t i o n

M obliquus ulbi nferior(e N oculomotoriuslll, B inferior)

M.obliquus uperior

M. rectus ateralis

Nn ciliares reves

Ganglion ciliare

N oculomotorius ll, R inferior

Radix parasympathica

M rectus ulbi nferior(e N oculomotoriusllll,R inferior)

ophthalmica;caroticus nternus

Pons

Pyramis edullaeoblongatae

M obliquus ulbi uperior(- N. rochlearisvl )

M rectus ulbimedialis(+ N oculomotoriusllll,R superior)

M. ectus ulbi uDerior(e N. oculomotoriuslll, B. superior)

M rectus ulbi ateralis e N. abducens Vl])M. evator alpebrae uperioris

N. oculomotoriuslll, R. superior)

F i g . 4 7 1 I n n e r v a t i o n f he o c u l a r m u s c l e s ;s u p e n o r r e w.



Btood essets CraniaI a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the br

N. supraorbitalis

N ethmoidalis nterior

N ethmoidalis posterior

N. rontalis

N lacrimalis

N, nasociliaris

Nn. ciliares ongi

Ganglion ciliare

R. communicans um ganglio iliari


F i g . 1 7 2 0 p h t h a l . m i c e r v e ,N . o p h t h a l . m i c u sV / 11 ;v i e w e d o m h e r i g h t

Rr ganglionaresN. lacrimalis

Foramen otundum

N maxillarisV/2]

Ganglion rigeminale

Nn nasopalatini

Nn palatini inores

Fig.473 Maxitlary erve, N. maxil .LarisV/2];v i e w e d r o m h e r i oh t .

R lateralis

R medialis

( Radix motoriaN triseminus

I\Radix sensoria -

R tentorius

N ophthalmicusV/1]

Ganglion rigeminale

Pons

B meningeus

N zygomaticus

N. supratrochlearis

N infratrochlearis

(R communicanscum nervo acrimali)

N zygomaticus

N infraorbitalis

Canalisinfraorbitalis

Forameninfraorbitale

Rr orbitales Rr.nasales osteriores uoeriores aterales t mediales

R zygomaticofacialis

R zygomaticotemporalis

Nn.alveolares uperioresGanglion terygopalatinum




/ RadixmotoriaN trigeminus Vl I

\ Radix ensoria .

Nn. emoorales rofundi

N pterygoideus ateralis

N. pterygoideus edialis

N. buccalis

N. mandibularisV/3]

R. meningeus

Foramen pinosum

N. auriculotemporalis

A meningea edia

Chorda ympani N facialis)

Nn.supraorbitales

N infraorbitalis

N. mylohyoideus

Plexus entalis nferior

Fig. 17t, MandibuLar erve, N. mandibutaris V/3];v i e w e d r o m h e r i g h t .

Rr.ganglionares


Rr. inguales

Incisura uoraorbitalis


Fig ,175 Exi t oints f he cutaneous ranches f he rigeminaI erve,N. r igeminusVi .CtinicaLty,hey re eferred o as nerve xit points.



Btood essets CraniaI ase C ra ni al e rv es M e ni n g es P ar ts f h e b

Pedunculus erebellaris edius

Ganglion geniculi

N facialis Vll]

N. stapedius

R communicans um plexu ympanico

Canalis ervi acialis


R. communicans um nervo aoo

R communicans um nervo lossopharyngeo

Chorda ympani

N lingualis

Rr temporales

Rr. ygomatici

Rr buccales

(R. ingualis)

R marginalismandibularis

R. colli

M frontalis

M.orbicularis culi

M. evator abii uperioris

M. zygomaticus ajor

M. zygomaticus inor

b M orbicularis ri s

Plexusintraparotideus

Gyrus recentralis

Fibraecorticonucleares

Rr. emporales

N. facialis Vll]

F i g . 1 7 7 a , b N e u r o n a l t r u c t u r e f h e m o t o r p a r to f h e a c i a I e r v e , N . a c i a t i s V l l ] .a Overviewb R e p r e s e n t a t i o n f h e a c i a I m u s c t e s n h e m o t o r n u c t e u s

o f h e a c i a I e r v eThough he n u c t e i f h e u p p e r a c i a t m u s c t e s e c e i v e

N auricuiaris osterior

Fig. 176 FaciaI erve, N. acial . is Vll];t h e a c i a L a n a I n d h e y m p a n i c avi ty ave een opened;viewed rom the right.* CtinicaIerm: erebetlopontinengte

Nucleus ervi acialis

Nucleus ervi bducentis

innervation rom both hemispheres, hose of the lower acialm u s c l e s r e o n l y n n e r v a t e d o m h e c o n t r a l a t e r a l i d e .Therefore, atients with centrat patsy *l are sti[[able o frownthe brow and o ctose he eyetids ust suff ciently.However, np a t i e n t s i t h p e r i p h e r a l . a l . s y* * la [ [ a c i a t musc[es r epa a yzed.



entrictes Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Pedunculuscerebellaris edius

l\4eatus custicus nternus

Ganglion piralecocnleae

N vestibularis

\t tn ampullares ateralis t anterior

I N. utricularisI

N. utriculoampullaris )\ N. saccularis )

I Pars nferiorN. ampullaris osteriorJ

Parssupenor

N cochlearis

N vestibulocochlearis Vll l]Ganglion vestibulare

F i g . 4 7 8 Ve s t i b u t o c o ch L e a r e r v e ,N . v e s t i b u t o c o ch L e a r i sV l l l ] ;t h e m e m b r a n o u s a b y r i n t h s g r e a t l y n t a rg e d ;p o s t e r i o r i e w r o m h e r i g h t* C [ r n i c a Ie r m : e r e b e L [ o p o n t i n en g [ e

Medulla blongata, ulcusretroolivaris

N glossopharyngeusXl

Foramen ugulare

Ganglion uperius lX )

communtcans um amoauriculari ervi agi

Ganglion nlerius

N mandibularisV/3]

Ganglion ticum

N petrosus inor

Plexus ympanicus

N tympanicus

Rr. inguales

R musculistylopharyngei

R sinus carotici

A carotis nterna, Sinuscaroticus

Glomus aroticum

carotrs ommunrs

F i g . 179 GtossopharyngeaI e r v e ,N . gLossopharyngeus l X l ;v i e w e d r o m h e r i q h t .



Brain

Cranial nerves

Btood e sset s Cran iaI ase CraniaI erves M en in qe s P ar ts f he b

Sulcus etroolivaris

Foramen ugulare R. auricularis

Ganglion uperius X)

Ganglion nferius X)

R. meningeus

R. communicans umnervo glossopharyngeo

Rr. pharyngeales

N. vagus X]N laryngeus uperior

A carotis ommunis

A subclavia

Truncus rachiocephalicus

Alcus aortae

Plexus ardiacus

Truncus agalis posterior

Rr. cardiaci cervlcalessupenores

Pars horacica ortae

Fig.480 Vagus e rve , . vagus XJ;bothnerves;c o m i - c r h e m a t i n '

a n t e r i o r i e w.

N. aryngeus ecurrens

cardiacicervicales nferiores

Rr cardiaci horacici

N. aryngeus ecurrensRr. bronchiales

Plexus ulmonalis

Truncus agalis nlerior

Hiatus esophageus

Rr. gastrici nteriores

(Rr. plenici)

(Rr.pancreatici)

(Rr. ntestinales)

Plexus esophageus





Brain BLood esse[s Craniat ase CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the b

N nasociliarisFissura rbitalis uperior

N oculomotoriusll l

N ophthalmicus V/1]

N trigeminus V]

Ganglionrigeminale

Plexus aroticus

Ganglion ervicalesupenus

Medulla ervicalis

F i 9 . 4 8 3 C i t i a r y a n g L i o n , angLion i I i a r e ;overvtew.

Ganglion ciliare

Radix sensoria

Radix parasympathica

Radix sympathica

A. ophthalmica

M. sphincter upillae

M ciliaris

Nn ciliares breves

I II

Specific iscerat-efterentibres SVE)

N maxillarisV/2]N trigeminusV]

Ganglion rigeminale

N facialis Vll]

Plexus caroticus

Ganglion ceruicalesupenus

Medulla ceruical is N canalis pterygoidei

F i g . 181 P t e r y g o p a t a t i n e a n g L i o n , angLion t e r y g o p a L a t i n u m ;overvrew.* l n n e r v a t i o nf h e t a n d s f h e nose n d h e p a L a t e

General nd specific isceral-afferentibres G/SVA)

General omatic-afierentbres GSA)

N. nlraorbitalis*

N u c l e a r e g i o n :Accessory ucleus f he ocutomotor erveNucLeus ccessor ius erviocutomotor i i

N. palatinus ajor,Rr. nasales osteriores nferioresi

Nn palatini inores*


Rr. orbitales'

Rr. nasales osterioressuperiores aterales*

N pharyngeus*

Foramen phenopalatinum

N. nasopalatinus*

Br. nasales oslerioressuperiores ediales*

Isympatheticfibres

N zygomaticus

Glandula acrimalis

N [ e a r e q i o n :S er ior sJ t ivatory uc[eus ,N u c l e u s a t i v a t o r i u su p e r i o r



en tr ic te s Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

N trigeminusVl

N lacialis Vll]

N glossopharyngeus lXl

Plexus ympanicus

Radix arasympathica:N petrosus inor

N. musculi ensoris ympani

Glandula oarotidea

Chorda ympani

Medulla ceruicalis

Ganglion ervicale uperius A. meningea media

F i g .485 O t i ca a n g t i o n , a n g t i o n t i c u m ;overvtew.

Ganglion rigeminale

Foramen ovale

N. lingualis

Ganglion rigeminale

Foramen vale

N. mandibularisV/31

Radix ensoria: r ganglionares

N buccalis

N. musculi ensoris elioalatini

Ganglion ticum

N lingualis

N. alveolarisnferior

N auriculotemporalis

N. ingualis

Radix sympathica

II

General visceral-efferent bres (GVE)

Specif c visceral-efferent bres (SVE)

Radix ensoria:Rr.ganglionares

N u c l e a r e q r o n :Infer ior a t -vatory ucteus ,Nuc[eus at ivator ius nfer ior

IGeneral nd specilic isceral-afierentibres G/SVA)

Isympatheticfibres

IGeneral omatic-afterentibres GSA)

N trigeminusVl

N facialis Vll]

N mandibularis [V/31

Plexus aroticus

Ganglion ervicale uperius

Medulla cervicalis Badixsympathica

F i g . 4 8 5 S u b m a n d i b u t a r g a n g t i o n , a n g t i o n u b m a n d i b u t a r e ;overvtew.

N u c t e a r e g i o n :Super ior aLivatory ucteus ,NucLeus at ivator ius uPerror




Glandulae salivariaemrnores



topography

A cerebri nterior

B[ood essets C r a n i a I a s e Cranial erves M en in ge s P ar ts f he b

Corpus allosum, enu Septum ellucidum


Lamina erminalisFalx cerebri Commissura nterior

Fornix

Foramen nterventriculare

Sinus agittalis nferior

Infundibulum

CorDus allosum. runcus

Plexus horoideus entriculiertii

Adhesio interthalamica

Venkiculus ertius

Substantia igra

Nucleus uber

Corpus allosum, plenium

V magna erebri

Glandula inealis

Pedunculus erebri

Colliculus uperior inister

Colliculi nleriores

Sinus ectus

Velummedullare uperius

Pedunculi erebellares

Vermis cerebelli

Ventriculus uartus

Bulbus lfactorius

Tractus lfactorius

Chiasma pticumN opticus ll

A ophthalmicaTractus pticus

N oculomotoriusll l(Plica etroclinoidea

anterio0N trochlearisvl

N abducens Vl ]

N. rigeminus V]Tentorium erebelli

N facialis Vll]vestibulocochlearis

vilrlgrossopnaryngeuslx l

N vagus X]

N accessorius XI ]

N hypoglossus Xll]

A basilaris

Velummedullare nferius

N. accessorius Xl],Radices spinales Confluens inuumPlexus horoideus entriculi uadi

ADertura ediana enviculi uarti

Tuberculum racile

Tuberculum uneatum

Medulla spinalis

F i g . 1 8 7 C o u r s e f h e c r a n i a L e r v e s , n . c r a n i a t e s ,i n h e s u b a r a c h n o i d p a c e ;t h e e f t h e m i s p h e r e f h e c e r e b r u m n d h ec e r e b e t l u m s w e t l as he e n t o r i u m e r e b e l t ihave been emoved.



entric[es Topography S ec tio ns Sp in aI o rd Pathways

Ventriculusateralis,Cornu emporale

A. cerebri osterior

Cisterna mbiens;Pedunculus erebri

N. rochlearislV l

N trigeminusV]

N. oculomotoriusllll

Sinus etrosussuperlor

N. abducens Vl l

Sinus avernosus

Ganglionrigeminale N mandibularisV/3]

Capsula nterna

Ventriculus ateralis,Cornu rontale

N maxillarisV/2]

A. carotis nterna,Pars cerebralis

A cerebri nterior

N-opticus ll l

A. ophthalmica

A. carotis nterna,Pars cavernosa

N. ophthalmicusV/11

Infundibulum

N. opticus ll l

A. carotis nterna,Pars cerebralis

A ophthalmica

N. ophthalmicusV/1]

Ganglion rigeminale*

N. maxillaris V/2]

Fig.488 Course f he craniaI e rves , n . raniates ,in he middte ran ia lossa . ossa rani imedia.

A cerebri nterior extra,Pars postcommunicalis

Chiasma pticum

Substantia igra

Pedunculus erebri,Crus erebri

N oculomotoriusllll

N. rochlearis V]

(Plica etroclinoideaanterior)

N. rigeminus,Radixmotoria

N trigeminusVl ,Radix ensoria

N. abducens Vl l

N. acialis Vll]

N vestibulocochlearisVl l]

Fig.489 Art er ies nd nerves n he egion f he se[ [a urc ica ,Se l ta urcica, nd he cavernous inus , inus avernosus.* C t i n i c a Ie r m : G A S S E R | a na n g l i o n

\a a,z-\

N mandibularis V/31



Brain ffil.undesse{.E C r a n i a t a s e Craniat e rv es M en in ge s Far ts of the b

Vessels nd nerves f the cranial as e

Nn oltactoriillA communicans nterior Foramina ribrosa

HypophysisN opticus

ll : Canalis pticusA carotis nterna,Pars erebralis

A ophthalmrca

A cerebri media O

N trochlearis tV] :

N frontalis ;

V ophthalmica uperior a

N l ac r ima l i s .

N abducens Vl] r

N nasociliaris :

N oculomotorius l l l ]i

A carotis nterna, aPars cavernosa

N maxillaris V/2] ,

A communicans posterior OPlexus caroticus nternus ,

Plexus venosus caroticus nternus aplexus venosus aforaminis ovalis

N mandibularis V/3] ,r _I pars a

A. cerebriJ precommunicalisposteriorI pars a

I postcommunicalis\R meningeus

A meningea ediaN petrosus inor

N petrosus ajor

A basilaris

N facia l isVl l ]

N vestibulocochlearisVlll],N accessorius Xl] .

A meningea osteriorN vagus X]

N glossopharyngeus[lX],

Sinus igmoideus

N hypoglossus Xll]

l\4edulla blongata

Proc clinoideusanterior

Proc clinoideusposterior

Fissura rbilalissupeflor

Foramen otundum

aA cerebri osterior

Sulcus aroticus

Foramen acerum

Foramen vale

Sulcus rteriaemeningeae ediaeApexpartis etrosae

Foramen pinosum

Canalis aroticus

oA super iorcerebel l i

Hiatus analisnervi etrosiminorisHiatus analisnervi etrosimajorisPorus custicusInternusaA labyrinthi

Foramen ugulare


o A inferior nteriorcerebelli

Canalis ervi ypoglossi

a A vertebralisO A inferior osterior

cerebelliForamen magnumia mater cranialis

Spatium subarachnoideum o Sinus occipitalis

Arachnoidea mater cranialis

Duramater ranialis

Fig ,190 Passage f v e s s e t s nd n e r v e s h r o u g h h e n t e r n a Is u r f a c e f c r a n i a L a s e , Bas is r a n i i n t e r n a . n d h e c e r e b r a Ia r t e r i a i r c t e , i r c u t u s t e r i o s u s e r e b r i w t r u S ]s u p e n o r r e w.





Brain

CraniaL ura mater and superior agittal sinus


Btood essets C r a n i a I as e CraniaI erves M en in ge s P ar ts f he b

Galea aponeurotica

Lamina xterna

Lamina nterna

Granulationesarachnoideae

A, meningeamedra,R frontalis

Lacunaelaterales

Granulationesarachnoideae

Duramatercranialis

A. meningea media,

F i g . + 9 t + C r a n i a I u r a m a t e r, D u r a m a t e r c r a n i a [ i s ,a n d s u p e r i o r a g i t t a t s i n u s , i n u s a g i t t a L i su p e r i o r ,w i t h s o m e a t e r a [ acunae . acunae a t e r a L e s .





Cra a a a chnoid mate

w superiorescerebn,

W parietales

Btood eEsets C r a n i a I a s e G ra ni at e rv es M en in ge s P ar ts f he b

F i g . 196 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a [ o n , i t h c r a n i a L a r a c h no i d a t e r,A r a c h n o i d e a a t e r c r a n i a L i s ;s u p e f l o r r e w* A t s o : A c c H t 0 N t a nr a n u t a t i o n s

Fissura onoitudinaliserebri

Arachnoidea matercranialis

Granulationes rachnoideae*



entr icles Topography S e c t i o n s Sp in aI or d Pathways

Bulbus lfactorius

Cisterna hiasmatica

N oculomotoriusl [ ]

Hemispherium erebelli

Tractus lfactorius

A vertebralis

Cisterna erebellomedullaris

F i g . 1 9 7 B r a i n , EncephaLon, i t h c r a n i a I r a c h n o i d a t e r,A r a c h n o i d e a a t e r c r a n i a L i s

N opticus ll

A carotis nterna

Cisterna nterDeduncularis

N abducens Vl ]

N trigeminusV]

N facialis Vll]

N intermedius(N facialis Vll])

N vestibulocochlearis[vilr]

N glossopharyngeusilxl

N vagus X]

i \ N. accessorius Xl ]

r .' \ Arachnoidea matery' cranialis

Pia mater cranialis

lvledulla blongata

Cranial rachnoid mater



> Brain

0rganisation f

Btood essets C r an i aI a s e C ra ni aI e rv es Meninges Parts of the b

the brain

Hindbra in Cerebra t t r ac t s

F i g . 4 9 8 O rg a n i s a t i o n f h e c e n t r a I e r v o u s y st e m ;m e d i a n e c t i o n : c h e m a .P a r t s m a r k e d w i t h + t o g e t h e r o r m h e b r a i n s t e m ,Truncus ncephaLi .

N oculomotoriusllll Sulcus entralis

Lobus arietalis

Operculum arietale

Encephalon

Prosencephalon

Mesencephalon*

Rhombencephalon

Forameninteruentriculare

Mesencephalon

Medulla pinalis

Fig. 199 Devetopment f the brain;m o d e l o f h e b r a i no f a n a p p r o x . - m o n t h - o t d m b r y o ;m e d i a n e c t i o n .

F i g .5 0 0 D e v e t o p m e n t f h e b r a i n ;b r a i no f a n a p p r o x 4 - m o n t h - o l d o e t u s c r o w n - r u m pt e n g t h 0 c m l ;viewed rom the teft .

Insula Lobusinsularisl



ent r ic t es Topography Sect ions Sp in aI o rd Pathways

Gyrus rontalis uperior

Gyrus rontalis edius

Gyrus recentralis

Gyrussupramarginalis

Gyrus ngularis

Lobulus arietalis uperior

Lobulus parietalis nferior

Sulcus rontalis uDerior

Sulcus arietooccioitalis

Sulcus rontalisnferior

Sulcus recentralis

Sulcus entralis

Gyruspostcentralis

Sulcuspostcentralis

Sulcus ntraparietalis

Sulcus inguli

F i g . 5 0 1 C e r e b r u m , e r e b r u m ;a f t e r e m o v a L o f h e c r a n i a I r a c h n o i d a t e r ;S U D E T I O T I C W

F o r m a t i o n f h e g y r iv a r i e s o n s i d e r a b t y.



Brain

of the

BLood esse[s C r a n i a I a s e CnaniaI erves M e n i n g e s Parts of the bHindbra in Cerebna t t r ac t s

In lundibuiumPolus rontalis

Fissura ongitudinaliserebriSulci orbitales

Sulcus lfactoriusGyriorbitales

N opt icusll \ \ .Bulbus lfactorius

Tractus lfactorius

Chiasma pticum

Stria ollactoria ateralis

Tuber inereum

Gyrus arahippocampalis,UNCUS

Corpusmamillare

Gyrus ccipito-temporalis

lateralis

Sulcustemporalis

inferior

Pedunculus erebri

Gyrusparahippocampalis

N trigeminusV]

N intermedius

N. facialislvi l l

N vestibulo-cochlearis Vll l]

LOOUSflocculonodularis,

FlocculusHemispher ium

cerebelli

Hypophysis

Polus emporalis

Substantia erforataanterior

Piexus horoideusventriculi uarti

N glossopharyngeuslX l

N maxillarisV/2]

N ophthalmicusV/1]

Fossainterpeduncularis

N, rigemlnus V] ,Radixmotoria

N. mandibularisV/3]

Gangliontrigeminale

N trochlearis lV l

Pons

N trigeminusV] ,Radix ensoria

N abducens Vl ]

Hemispheriumcerebelli

Ol iva

Pyramismedullaeoblongatae

Medulla oblongata,Fissura mediana anterior

Tonsilla erebelli

N vagus [X ]

N hypoglossus Xll]

N accessorius Xl ]Fila radicularia erui ceruicalis

Polus occipitalis

Medulla spinalis

lcl lDecussatioyramidum Vermis cerebelli

F i g .5 0 2 C e r e b r u m , e r e b r u m ;b r a i n s t e m , r u n c u s n c e p h a L i , i t h c e r e b e t L u m ,C e r e b e L [ u m , s w e [ L s c r a n i a L e r v e s , n . c r a n i a L e s ;i n f e r i o r i e w



en tr ic te s Topography Sections Sp ina I or d Pathways

Fissura ongitudinaliserebri

Polus rontalis

Polus emporalis

Tuber inereum

Gyrusparahippocampalis,

Uncus

Sulcus olfactorius

Fig .503 Gyr i , y r i , nd rooves , u tc i ,of he cerebraL emispheres;the midbrain as een ec t ioned .

Aqueductusmesenc€phali


Chiasma pticum

Sulcus alcarinus

Sulciorbitales

Fossa ateralis erebri

Trigonum lfactorium

Sulcus emporalisinferior

Fossainterpeduncularis

Corpusmamillare

Gyrioccipito-temporalesmedialis l

lateralis


lsthmus yricinguli

Pedunculuscerebri

Substantianrgrayrus

temporalisinlerior

Substantiaperforataposterior

Sulcushippocampalis

Sulcuscollateralis

Sulcusoccipitotemporalis

Tegmentum ..mesencepnarl

Tectummesenceohali,Colliculus uperior

Polus ccipitalis

Base f the brain



Btood essets C ra ni aI a se C ran ia I erves M e n in g es P ar ts of the br

Lobes f the elencephalon

Polus rontalis

Forebrain Midbra in Hindbra in Cerebra t rac t s

Sulcus entralisLobus rontalis

Lobusparietalisissura ongitudinaliscereorl

Lobus rontalis

Sulcus entralis

Sulcus arieto-occipitalis

Polusfrontalis

Lobus arietalis

Lobus emporalis

Diencephalon

Lobus imbicus,Gyrus

parahippocampalis

Polusoccipitalis

LOOUSoccipitalis

Sulcusparietooccipitalis

Lobus ccipitalis

Polus occipitalis

F i g .504 L o b e s f h e c e r e b r u m , o b i c e r e b r i ;su0enor t e w.

Polus rontalis

Lobus rontalis

Polus emporalisLobus emporalis

Sulcus ateralis

F i g .5 0 5 L o b e s f h e c e r e b r u m , o b i e r e b r i ;viewed rom the Left .

Corpus allosumGyrus inguli

Sulcus inguli

Sulcus entralis

Fossa ateraliscerebri

Lobus rontalis

Inctsurapreoccipitalis

Lobus imbicus

Fissura ongitudinaliscerebri

Polus emporalis


Lobus emporalisSulcus arieto-occipitalis

Sulcus ollateralis

Sulcus ippocampalis

Incisura reocciDitalis

N4esencephalon

Lobusoccipitalis

Polus occipitalis

F i g . 5 0 5 Lobes f h e c e r e b r u m ,i n f e r i o r i e w.

Polusfrontalis

Sulcuscatcannus

Polusoccipitalis


Polus emporalis LOOUSoccipitalis

Gyrus arahippocampalis,uncus

Lobus emporalisIncrsura re -occipitalisDiencephalon

Sulcus hippocampalis Sulcus ollateralis

F i g .5 0 7 L o b e s f h e c e r e b r u m , o b i e r e b r i ;m e d i a I i e w.

L o b i e r e b r i ;



Ventricles Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Operculum rontale; perculum arietale Sulcus recentralis

Gyrus recentralis


Gyrus rontalis nferior,Pars percularis

Polus emporalis

Gyrus emporalis uperior

Sulcus emDoralis uoeriot

Sulcus entralistnsulae

Gyribreves nsulae

Gyrus emporalisnferior

Gyrus emporalis edius Sulcus emooralis nferior

F i g . 5 0 8 G y r i , G y r i , n d g r o o v e s , u [ c i ,o f h e c e r e b r a I e m i s p h e r e s ;viewed rom the teft .* Sulcus f SYLVIUS*+Sutcus f RoLANDo

Lobus arietalisSulcus ircularis nsulae

Lobus emporalis

F i g . 5 0 9 G y r i ,G y r i , n d g r o o v e s , u t c i ,o f h e c e r e b r a L e m i s p h e r e s ;exposure f the insula after removal of the frontat ,p a r i e t a I n d e m p o r a I p e r c u [ a ;viewed rom the Left

Sulcus entralis**

Gyrus postcentralis

Sulcus ostcentralis

Sulcus ateralis. oosterior

Sulcus ntraoarietalis

Gyrus upramarginalis

Gyrus ngularis

Lobulus arietalissupeflor

Lobulus arietalisinferior


Sulcus emporalissupeflor

Sulcus unatus

Polus ccipitalis

lncisura reocciDitalis

Gyrus ongus nsulae

Lobus ccipitalis

Incisura reoccipitalis


Polus rontalis

Gyrus rontalis nferior,Pars riangularis

Gyrus rontalis nferior,

Lobus rontalis

Limen nsulae

Pars rbitalisf B. anterior

Sulcus ateralis*I B ascendens



> Brain B to od es se ts C r a ni a I a se C ra ni aI er ve s Meninges Parts of the bForebrain Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebral racts

Gyriof the cerebral hemispheres

Margo uperior

Sulcus entralis

Sulcus ntraparietalis


Sulcus t Fossa ateralis erebri Incisura reoccipitalis

F i g . 5 1 0 G y r i , G y r i , f h e c e r e b r a I e m i s p h e r e s;viewed rom the teft .

lsthmus yri inguli

F i g .5 11 G y r i ,G y r i , f h e c e r e b r a I e m i s p h e r es ;m e d i a I i e w.



Ventricles Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Gyrus rontalls nferior,Pars percularis

F i g .5 1 2 F u n c t i o n a I o r t i c a I r e a s f h e c e r e b r a th e m i s p h e r e s c c o r d i n g o F O E R S T E R ;viewed rom the teft .

Motorprojection rea

Motorassociation rea

Sensory rojection rea

Sensory ssociationrea

F i g .513 F u n c t i o n a l o r t i c a l r e a s f h e c e r e b r a lh e m i s p h e r e s c c o r d i n g o F0ERSTER;m e d i a L v i e w.

rffi

T h e s o m a t o t o p i c rg a n i s a t i o ns t l u s t r a t e d c h e m a t i c a t [ y.The primary eceiving rea or auditory mpulses f l extendso v e r h e u p pe r e d g e o f h e e m p o r a l o b e o n t o t s n n e r s u r f a c e .

Auditory rojection rea

Auditory ssociation rea

Visual rojection re a

Visualassociation rea

Sulcus alcarinus

Iffi,'i't'ti:;i;,,.

Gyrus emporalis ransversus nterior

The s o m a t o t o p i c rg a n i s a t i o ns [ [ u s t r a t e d c h e m a t i c a t l y






Ventriculusateralis, ornu ontate

Commissura nterior

Chiasma pticum


Flocculus

Plexus horoideus entriculi uarti

Hemisoherium erebelli

Medulla oblongata


(Centrum emiovale)

N. oculomotoriusll l

N. rochlearislV l

N. rigeminusV]

N abducens Vl ]

N facialis Vll]

N vestibulocochlearisVllll

N. glossopharyngeus lXl

N vagus X]

N. accessorius Xl l

N hypoglossus Xlll

F i g ,5 1 6 A n t e r i o r o m m i s s u r e , o m m i s s u r a n t e r i o r, nd b r a i n s t e m ,Truncus ncephaLi :a f t e r p a r t i a I e m o v a I o f he basaI a r t s o f h e c e r e b r u m ;

a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i o r i e w

Fornix, ommissura


Gyrus asciolaris

Corpus mygdaloideum

Fimbria hippocampi

Pes hippocampiGyrusdentatus

F i g , 5 1 7 B o t h o r n i c e s , o r n i c e s , nd a n t e r i o r o m m i s s u r e ,C o m m i s s u r a n t e r i o r ;viewed rom the Left .

and a nte ior com missu e

Fornix, orpus

Corpusmamillare



Btood essets C r a n i a I a s e Craniat erves Meninges Parts of the brForebra in M id br ai n H i nd br ai n Cerebra t t r ac t s

Sinus agittalis uperior Falx cerebri

Sinus agittalis nferior A callosomarginalis

V thalamostriatauperior A pericallosa

Corpus allosum, runcusW superiores erebri,W parietales

V int erna erebri

Thalamus

Putamen

Globi pallidi ateraliset medialis

W mediaesuperficiales

cereorl

Insuta

Claustrum

Ventriculusertius

V media rofunda erebri

Hippocampus

VV nferiores erebri

Caput ucleicaudati

Ventriculusateralis,Cornu rontale

Nucleus audatus,Caput

Ventriculusateralis, ars ent ralis

Fornix, orpus

Plexus horoideusventriculiateralis

Capsula nterna

Capsula xterna

Capsula xtrema

Aa. nsulares

A cerebrimedia,Br terminales

Aa centralesanterolaterales

Corpusamygdaloideum


Plexus horoideusventriculiertii

V basalisPlexus basilaris

A basilaris

Fig . 18 BLoodupptyf r n n t a l s c c t i n n .

t h e a r t e r i e s r e s h o w np o s t e r i o r i e w.

A cerebri osteriorCisterna oontocerebellaris

Pons

o f h e b a s a I a n g L i a ;

o n h e r i g h t and he ve ins n h e e f t ;

A cerebri media,Pars sphenoidalis

Ventriculusateralis,Pars entralis

Nucleus audatus, orous

Putamen

Thalamus

Globus al l idus

Ventriculusateralis,Cornu ccipitale

Corpusamygdaloideum

F i q . 5 1 9 B a s a I a n g t i aviewed rom the Left .

Nucleus audatus, auda


a n d h a [ a m u s . h a [ a m u s :



Ventricles Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Septum ellucidumPlexus horoideus entriculiertii

Corpus allosum, ostrumForamen nterventriculare

Fornix, olumnaGyrus araterminalisCommissura nterior

Area subcallosaLamina erminalis

HypothalamusRecessus upraopticus

Recessus nfundibuliChiasma pticum

Corpus mamillare inistrumCisterna hiasmatica

A cerebri osterior

Sinus ntercavernosus

Adenohypophysis

NeurohypophysisA basilaris

Plexus asilaris

Fornix, orpus

Fornix, ommissura


Tela horoidea entriculiertiiThalamus

Striamedullarishalami

Sulcus ypothalamicus

Commissura abenularum

Recessus uprapinealis

Becessus inealis

Glandula inealis

Commissura osterior

Tectum mesencephali

Tegmentum esencephali

Aqueductus esencephali

Cisterna nterpeduncularis

Lobulus entralis


Pons

Fornix, orpus

F i g .520 T h i r d e n t r i c [ e , e n t r i c u L u se r t i u s ;m e d i a n e c t i o n

Forameninterventriculare

interthalamicaCorpus allosum. ostrum Thalamus

Columna ornicis

Commissura nterior

Lamina erminalisNuclei araventriculares

Areahypothalamicalateralis

Nuclei reoptici

Nucleus nteriorhypothalami

Tractus araventriculo-hypophysialis

Nucleussuprachiasmaticus

Becessus upraopticus

Chiasma pticum

Nucleus upraopticus

N opticus ll l

A hypophysialisuperior(A carotis nterna,

Pars erebralis)

Tractus ypothalamo-hypophysialis

Adenohypophysis

Plexus horoideus

Striamedullarishalami

Nucleus orsomedlalis

Nucleus orsalishypothalami

Areahypothalamicalateralis

Fasciculusmamillothalamicus


Nucleus osteriorhypothalami

Fasciculusmamillotegmentalis

Nuclei egmentales

(Nuclei orporismamillaris)

Nucleus uber

Substantia erforataposterior

Nucleus entromedialishypothalami

Nuclei uberales tarcuati

Tractus upra-opticohypophysialis

W portaleshypophysiales

A hypophysialisnferior A carotis nterna, ars av er nos a) N eur ohy poph ys is

F i g . 5 2 1 H y p o t h a L a m u s , ypothaLamus;overview; ucte a e i tustrated ra nstucentLy;m e d i a I v i e w.





entr ictes Topography Sect ions S pi na I o rd Pathways

Vermis cerebelli Glandula pinealis

Tectum, olliculus uperior

N, rigeminusV]

Chiasma pticum

Aoueductus esenceDhali

Substantia riseacentralisemispherium

cerebelli

Fissura orizontalis

Corpusmamillare

Substantia erforata osterior

Crus erebri

N oculomotoriusll l

F i g . 5 2 5 M i d b r a i n , e se n c e p h a [ o n ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n t h e e v e I f h e s u o e r i o r o t l i c u L i :a n t e n o r i e w.

Aoueductus esencephali

F i g . 5 2 6 M i d b r a i n , M e s e n c e p h a t o n ,a n d d i e n c e p h a l o n , i e n c e p h a t o n ;a f t e r o b I i q u e e c t i o n f h e m i d b r a i n ;i n f e r i o r i e w

Trigonum lfactorium

Substantia erforata nterior

Tractus pticus

Substantianrgra

I HATS

I reticularist -

I Hars\ compacra

Nucleus uber

Substantia risea entralisPulvinar halami



> Brain

Midbrain nd medulla blonqata

Trigonum abenulare

Glandula inea l i s

Forebrain Midbra in Hindbra in Cerebra t t rac t s

Commissura osterior

Stria erminalis

Taenia choroidea

Thalamus,Pulvinarhalami

Metathalamus,Corpus geniculatum mediale

l/etathalamus,Corpus geniculatum aterale

Colliculus uperior

Colliculusnterior


Velummedullare uoerius

Blood esse[s C r a n i a I a s e C ra ni aI e rv es M e n in g es P ar ts of the b

Brachium olliculiuperioris

Brachium olliculinlerioris

Trigonum emnisci ateralis

Frenulum elimedullaris uperioris

N trochlearisvl

Pedunculus erebellaris uoerior

52 7

528


Tuberculum nterius halami

Nucleus audatus. orous

VentriculusertiusRecessus uprapinealis

Fossa rhomboidea, Eminentia medialis

F i g . 5 2 7 M i d b r a i n , esencephaLon, nd p i n e a I | ' a n d ,G [ a n d u t a i n e a L i s ;p o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i o r i e w.

Septum ellucidum Ventriculusateralis, ornu rontale

Corous allosum. runcus Fornix, olumnae

Nucleus audatus, aput (Becessus riangularis)

Commissura nterior

Stria erminalis

Lamina ffixa

Taenia horoidea

Ventriculusertius

Brachium olliculiuperioris

Colliculus uperior

Corpus eniculatum ediale

Brachium colliculi nferioris

Corpus eniculatumaterale

Colliculusnferior

Frenulum elimedullaris uoerioris

Vermis cerebelli, Lingula cerebelli


Pedunculus erebellaris uperiorFlocculus

Trigonum abenulare

Commissura osterior

Glandula ineal is

Thalamus, Pulvinar halami

Pedunculus erebri

N trochlearisvl

Tela choroidea ventriculi uartiPedunculus erebellarisnferior

Fossa rhomboidea, Sulcus medianus Pedunculus loccculi

Aoertura ediana entriculi uarti ADerturaateralis entriculi uarti


Tuberculum racile

Fasciculus racilis

F i g .5 2 8 B r a i n s t e m , r u n c u s n c e p h a L i ;the p o n s a n d m a j o r p a r t s o f h e c e r e b e l t u m a ve een emoved;t h e e t a c h o r o i d e a f h e o u r t h e n t r i c t e a s b e e n e c t i o n e d nt h e m e d i a n l a n e n d e f e c t e d o t h e r i g h t ;p o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i o r i ew

Tuberculum uneatum

Fasciculus uneatus




Brachium olliculinferioris

Colliculusnferior

Pedunculus erebri

N trochlearis vl

Pedunculus erebellaris uperior


Pedunculus erebellarisnferior

Sulcusmedianus

Striamedullaris entriculi uarti

Velummedullaresupenus

Locus aeruleus

Eminentiamedialis

Colliculusfacialis

Fovea uperior

Sulcus imitans

Fig.529 Rhomboid ossa, Fossa homboidea;view on the floor of the fourth ventricte f ters e c t i o n f h e c e r e b e l t a r e d u n c l e s ;posterior-superior iew.

Midbrain nd medulla oblongata

Frenulum el imedullaris uperioris

Apertura ateralisventriculi uarti

Ponst ' ^ , ,

N trioeminusVl I Haolxmolona- ' - l

I Badix ensoria


Trigonum ervi ypoglossiTrigonum erui agi

Area postrema

Obex

Sulcus posterolateralis

Sulcus ntermedius osterlor

Sulcusmedianus

Brachium olliculiuperiorisCorpus eniculatum ediale

Brachium olliculinferioris

Corpus eniculatumlaterale

Tractus pticus

Pedunculus erebri

N facialis Vll]N vestibulocochlearis Vll l]

Pyramis medullae oblongatae

N. glossopharyngeus lx l

N hypoglossus Xll]

N vagus [X ]

Area estibularis

Fovea inferior

Tuberculum uneatum

Funiculusateralismedullae blongatae

Tuberculum racile

Fasciculus uneatus

Fasciculus racilis

Tuberculum uneatum

Tuberculum racile

Pulvinar halami

Glandula pinealis

Colliculus uperior

Colliculusnferior

N. rochlearisvl





Fossa homboidea, ulcusmedianus

I Badices ranialesN accessonusrx[ | '\ Badicesspinales

I Fadix nteriorN cervicalisC1]1

\ Radix osterior

F i g ,530 B r a i n s t e m , r u n c u s n c e p h a [ i ;o b t i o u e i e w on h e t o o r o f h e o u r t hv e n t r i c t e f t e r s e c t i o n f h e c e r e b e l t a rped nc es;[ a t e r a I v i e w.





Ventricles Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Nucleus uber

Pedunculus erebri, rus erebri

N. oculomotoriusll l

Nucleus ervi rochlearis

N trigeminus VI ---------

Nucleus otorius ervitrigemini

pons

N. vestibulocochlearisVl ll

Nucleus ervi acialis

N abducens Vl ]

N. facialis Vll]

N. glossopharyngeuslX lN vagus X]

N hypoglossus Xll]

N accessorius Xl]

Nuclei f the cranial

Icenerat

omatic-efierentucteicsE)

W cenerat viscerat-etferent uclei cvE)

Specific visceral-efferent uclei SVE)

F i g . 5 3 3 C r a n i a I e r v e s , n . c r a n i a t e s ;t o p o g r a p h i c v e r v i e w f h e n u c t e i n he median t a n e .* CtinicaIerm:principaLensory ucteus f he rigeminaI erve

Nucleus ervi hypoglossi

Nucleus mbiguus

Nucleus olitarius

Nucleus pinalis ervi rigemini

Nucleus ervi cc essorii

N accessorius Xll,Radices pinales

General nd specific isceral-afierent ucleiG/SVA)

General omatic-afferent uclei GSA)

Specitic omatic-afferent uclei SSA)

Glandula inealis

Nucleus ccessorius ervioculomotorii

Nucleus ervi culomotorii

N trochlearis vl

Nucleus esencephalicus eruitrigemini

(Nucleus ontinus ervi rigemini*)

Nucleus ervi abducentis

Nuclei estibulares

Nucleus alivatorius uperior

Nuclei ochleares

Nucleus alivatoriusnferior

Nucleus orsalis ervi vagi



Brain

Cerebellum

Btood esse[s CraniaI ase CraniaI e rv es M en i ng es Parts of the bForebra in Midbra in Hindbra in Cerebra I t rac t s

Plexus horoideus entriculiertii Ventriculus ertiusAdhesio nterthalamica Tela choroidea ventriculi ertii

Fornix, olumna Corpus allosumForamen nterventriculare

Corpus allosum,Rostrum

Commissura nteriorLamina erminalis

Hypothalamus

Corpusmamillare

Chiasma pticumRecessus nfundibuli

Fossa nterpeduncularis

HypophysisTegmentum

mesencephali

Glandula inealis

V magna erebri

Tectummesencephali

Culmen


Declive

Lobulus entralis

Lingula erebelli

Folium ermis


Fastigium

Tuber ermis

PonsFasciculus ongitudinalis

medialis

Tectum esencephali,Lamina ectalis

Aqueductusmesencephali

Ventriculus uartus

A basilaris

Ventriculus uartus

Decussatio edunculorumcerebellarium uDeriorum

Sulcus ulbopontinus

Fossa homboidea

A vertebralis

Apertura ediana entriculi uarti

Plexus horoideusventriculi uarti

Pyramis ermis

Canalis entralisTonsilla erebelli

F i g , 5 3 4 B r a i n s t e m , r u n c u s e r eb r i , i t ht h e c e r e b e t l u m , e r e b e t l u m , n d h e o u r t hv e n t r i c t e , e n t r i c u t u s u a r t u s ;m e d i a n e c t i o n .

Fissura ecunda

F i g .5 3 5 P a r t s o f h e c e r e b e t t a r e r m i s , e r m i s e r e b e t l i ;m e d i a n e c t i o n ;overvtew

Lingula erebelliI

Lobulus entralisI

Culmen )

Lobus erebellianterior

Fissura rima

Declive

Folium vermis

Tuber ermis

Pyramis ermis

Uvula ermis

Lobus cerebelliposlenor

LOOUSflocculonodularis

Medulla spinalis

Nodulus



li .:r.:ii-

en tr ic te s Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Lobulus entralis Lingu la e rebe l l i

Folium ermis

F i g .5 3 6 C e r e b e l t u m , e r e b e t t u m ;p o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i o r i e w.

Lobulus uadrangularis nterior,Pars anterior

Fissura rima

Lobulus implex,Lobulus uadrangularisposterior

Lobulus emilunarissupenor

Lobulus emilunaris nferior

Hemispherium erebelliVermis

cerebelli

Ala lobulicentralis Linoula cerebelliI Lobus

Lobulus entralisI cerebelliI antenor

Culmen )obulus uadrangularis nterior

Fissura rima

Lobulus implex,Lobulus uadrangularis

Posterior

Lobulus emilunarissupeflor

Declive

Folium ermis

Tuber ermis

Pyramis ermis

Uvula ermis

Fissura orizontalis

Lobulus emilunaris nferior

Lobulus gracilis

Lobulus iventer

Fissura ecundaTonsilla erebelli

Flocculus

Lobuscerebelliposterior

Lobusflocculo-nodularis

Nodulus

F i g .5 3 7 C e r e b e t l u m , e r e b e t t u m ;d i a g r a m f h e c e r e b e t [ a r o r t e x u t s t r e t c h e d ;overvtew.

Cerebellum

(Fissura odulolloccularis)



Cerebellum

Btood essets C ra ni aI as e C rani aI e rves M en in ge s Parts of the bOverview F or eb ra in M i db r ai n Hindbra in Cerebra I rac t s

Velummedullare uperius Lobulus entralisTegmen entriculi uarti Ala lobulicentralis

Velummedullare nferius Lingula cerebelli

Hemispherium erebelliPedunculus erebellaris uoerior


Flocculus

Fissura orizontalisRecessus ateralis

ventriculi uarti


Lobulus emilunaris uperior

Fissura horizontalis

Lobulus iventer

Vallecula erebelli Uvula ermis Nodulus

F i g . 5 3 8 C e r e b e I L u m , e r e b e t L u m ;a f t e r s e c t i o n f h e c e r e b e t L a r eduncLes :a n t e r i o r i e w.

Fissura osterolateralis

Pedunculus locculi

Tuber ermis

Pyramis ermis

Uvula ermis

Nodulus

F i g .5 3 9 C e r e b e I L u m , e r e b e l L u m ;p o s t e r i o r - i f e r i o r i e w.

Tonsilla erebelli

Flocculus




Ven tr ic le s Top og ra ph y Sections Splna l o rd Pathways

Ventriculus uartus

Hilum nuclei dentati


Lamina ecti

Fig . 40 Cerebet lum, erebeLtum;n h l i n r r o c o e t i n n '

p o s t e r i o r i e w.

Ventriculus uartus

Pedunculus erebellaris uoeriot

Lingula cerebelli

Velummedullare uoeriusLingula cerebelli

Plexus horoideus entriculi uartl

Nucleus entatus

Corpus medullarecerebelli

Cortex cerebelli

Decussatio edunculorum erebellarium uoeriorum

Fasciculus ongitudinalismedialis


Cortex cerebelli

Stratum oleculare

Stratum ranulosum

(Laminaealbae)

Fissurae cerebelli

Hilum uclei entati

F i g .5 4 1 C e r e b e L l u m , e r e b e t l u m ;o b l i q u e e c t i o n h r ou g h h e u p p e r e r e b e t l a r edunctes ;oosterior iew.

Cerebellar uclei

Corousmedullare erebelli



> Brain

Associ tion a nd comm ssu a tracts

Fibrae rcuatae erebri

Cingulum

Forebrain Midbra in Hindbra in Cerebrat racts

Btood esse[ s C ra ni aI a se Cr ani aI er ves M en in ge s Parts of the br

Fasciculus ongitudinalissupenor

Fasciculus ncinatus

Radiatiocorporis callosi

Fasciculus ongitudinalisnferior

Fig. 5lr2 Association racts, Neu of brae association s;p r o j e c t i o n n t o h e c e r eb r a L e m i s p h e r e ;overytew;viewed rom the Left .

F i g .5 4 3 C o m m i s s u r a I r a c t s , N e u r o f i b r a e o m m i s s u r a l e s ;topographic verview fter extensive emovaI f the corpusc a t l o s u m n he p a r a m e d i a n l a n e ;s i n g t e i b r e s f h e c o r p u s a [ t o s u m r e shown;viewed rom the teft .



Ventrictes Topography Sections S pin aI o rd Pathways

Corous allosum. runcus

Gyrus inguliSulcus orooris allosi

Corpus allosum,enu

Caosula nterna. rusanterius

Capsula nterna, en u

Pyramis


Tractus yramidalis, ibrae orticospinales

Radiationes halamlcentrales

Fibrae arietopontinae;Fibrae ccipitopontinae

Radiatio optica

Cerebellum

Oecussatio yramidum

Tractus orticosoinalis ateralisTractus orticosoinalis nterior

* Fibres o the ectaI pla te and he nucle i of the hindbrain+* Per ikarya f the pyramidaI rac t***Per ikarya f areas 6 and 8 (premotor or tex)

Gyrus precentralis

Sulcus parietooccipitalis

Corpus allosum,Splenium

Corpus eniculatumlaterale

Sulcus alcarinus

Fig.544 Projection racts,Neu of brae rojectionisthe n te rna l apsu[e nd he pyramida trac t ave een xposed;viewed rom he Left.

Sulcus entralis

Tractus ontooontinus

Medulla blongata

Fig. 45 InternaI apsute, apsula nterna, nd pyramidaIract,Tractus yramidatis;functionaI verview;viewed rom he Left.



> Brain

lnternal apsule

Capsula nterna,Crus nterius

Btood essets C ra ni aI a se C ra ni aI e rv es Meninges Parts of the brOverv iew Forebrain Midbra in Hindbra in Cerebral racts


Radiationes thalami anteriores

Tractus rontooontinus

Mm. bulbi

Mm. aryngis

Mm.pharyngisMm palatiet faucium

Mm.masticatorii

Mm linguae

Mm faciei

Mm. colli

Mm.digitorum anus

Mm manus

Mm.antebrachii

Mm.brachii

Capsula nterna,Genu

Insula Lobus nsularis]

Claustrum

Putamen

Globus allidusateralis

Globus allidus edialis

Capsula xterna

Capsula )drema

Capsula nterna,Crus posterius

--'.\lvlm horacis

\ ' ' i

\

Mm vesicae rinariae; Mm. ecti

Crusposterius;Fibrae orticospinales; ibrae orticorubrales; ibrae orticoreticulares;Fibrae orticothalamicae; ibrae halamoparietales:Radiationes halami entrales

Fig.546 In te rnaI apsu te , apsu tan te rna ;func t ionaIrganisat ion.



Ventrictes Topography Sections S pi na I o rd Pathways

Fissura ongitudinaliserebri Fornix, olumnaSeptum ellucidum



Radictio orooris allosi

Fasciculus amillothalamicus

Nucleus ubthalamicus

Lobusparietalis

Capsula nterna

Nucleus entiformis

Ventriculus ateralis,Pars centralis


Ventriculus ertius

Globus alliduslateralis

Gyri nsulae

Sulcus ateralis

Putamen

Globus allidusmedialis


Pes hippocampi

Corpora amillaria

Pedunculus erebellarismedius

N facialisNill

vestibulocochlearisVlll

N glossopharyngeusilXl

Capsula xterna

Claustrum

Capsula xtrema

Laminamedullarismedialis

Nucleus audatus,Cauda

Tractus pticus

Lobus emporalis

Laminamedullarislateralis

Substantia igra,

Pars compacta

Pedunculus erebri,Crus erebri

Fasciculus onoitudinalis edialis

Flocculus

Plexus horoideus entriculi uarlN vagus X] Hemisoherium erebelli

Nucleus livarisnferior Fossa nterDeduncularis

Hilum uclei livarisnferioris Amiculum livare

Decussatio vramidum Medulla spinalis

Thalamic nuclei, Nuclei halami:Median nuclei, Nuclei medianiAnterior nuclei, Nuclei anterioresVentral nuclei, Nuclei ventrales

Fig.517 PyramidaL ract, Tractus pyramidatis , ndbasaI a n g t i a , u c t e i a s a l e s ;o b l . i q u e l yt a g g e r e d e c t i o n h r o u g h h e p o s t e r i o r i m b f h ei n t e r n a I a p s u [ e , h e c e r e b r a I e d u n c t e s , n d h e m e d u [ [ ao b t o n g a t a .

l - l l l =l =l l =ilt =



> Brain B [o od es se [s C ra ni aI as e C ra ni aI e rv es M e n in g es P ar ts f h e b

Ve t i cles, p ojection


Cornu rontale

Sulcus ateralis

Lobus emporalis

Sulcus entralis

Lobus arietalis

Pars entralis

Lobus emporalis

Ventriculusertius

Cornu occipitale

Lobus occipitalis


Cerebellum

Apertura ediana

Cornu emporale Medulla oblongata

F i g .5 4 8 Ve n t r i c t e s f h e b r a i n , e n t r i c u I i n c e p h a t i .

Lobus rontalis

F i g .5 4 9 Ve n t r i c [ e s f h e b r a i n , e n t r i c u l i n c e p h a I i ;a n t e r i o r i e w.

Canalis entralis


Pars entralis

Ventriculusertius


Cornu emporale

Ventriculus uartus

Apertura ateralis

Medulla oblongata Canalis entralis



Ven tr ic tes Top og ra ph y Sections Sp ina I ord Pathways

Adhesio nterthalamica Ventriculusertius


Commissura nterior

Ventriculusateralis. ars entralis

Recessus uoraoinealis

Becessus inealis

Aoueductus esenceohaliVentriculusateralis,

Cornu rontale

Recessus upraopticusChiasma pticum

Recessus nfundibuliVentriculusateralis,Cornu emporale

Ventriculus uartus

Fastigium

Recessus ateralis entriculi uarti

Apertura ediana entriculi uarti

Pars entralis

Ventriculusateralis,Cornuoccipitale



Colliculusacialis

Striaemedullaresventriculi uarti

Sulcusmedianus

Aoerturaateralis entriculi uarti

Canalis entralis

F i g , 5 5 0 I n n e r i q u o r p a c e s , e n t r i cu t i n c e p h a t i ;c o r r o s i o n a s t s p e c i m e n ;o b t i q u e i e w r o m h e e f t .

Granulationes rachnoideae

Cornu rontale

Cisterna ericallosa


Foramen nteruentriculare

Ventriculusertius

Cisterna hiasmatica


Aqueductus esencephali *

Cisterna ontocerebellaris


occipitale

Cornu emporale

V magna erebri

Sinus ectus

Ventriculus uartus

Conlluens inuum

Plexus horoideusventriculi uarti

Aoertura ediana entriculi uarti

Cisterna erebellomedullarisosterior

Apertura ater€lis

F i g . 5 5 1 Ve n t r i c l e s f h e b r a i n , e n t r i c u t i n c e p h a [ i ,a n d s u b a r a c h n o i d p a c e , p a t i u m u b a r a c h n o i d e u m ;s c h e m a f h e c i r c u L a t i o n a r r o w s ] f h e c e r e b r o s p i n atf L u i d , i q u o r e r e b r o s p i n a t i s,r o m h e n n e r o t he o u t e r[ r o u o r oaces .* CLinicaIerm: oramen f N40NR0**CtinicaIerm: erebraL oueduct fSYLVIUS



> Brain

Brain, opography


BLood esse[s CraniaI ase CraniaI erves M e ni n g es P ar t s f he b

A cerebri nterior,A pericallosa

(Cenkum semiovale)

Stria ongitudinalismediatis

I tndusiumStria onoitudinalis gnseumlateralis )

Polus ccipitalis

553

F i g .552 C o r p u s a l t o s u m , o r p u s a l t o s u m ;after removaI f the upper parts of thec e r e b r a I e m i s p h e r e s ;s u p e n o r r e w.



entricles Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Gyrus inguli

Ventriculusateralis, ornu rontale



Ependymum


Fornix, ru s

Fimbria ippocampi

Hippocampus

Trigonum ollaterale


Sulcus alcarinus

Corpus allosum, enu

CorDus allosum. ostrum

Nucleus audatus. aout

V. halamostriata uoerior

Stria erminalis

Lamina affixa

Corpus allosum, runcus


Glomus horoideum

Gyrus asciolaris

55 4F i g .5 5 3 L a t e r a I en t r i c [ e s , e n t r i c u L i a t e r a t e s ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e u p p e r p a r t s o f h e c e r e b r a Ih e m i s p h e r e s ;s u p e n 0 r r e w.



> Brain


Nucleus audatus. orous

Capsula nterna


Btood essets CraniaI ase CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the bBrain essets


V thalamostriatasupenor

Fornix, ru s

Calcar avis

Fimbria hippocampi

Eminentia ollateralis

Trigonum ollaterale

F i g ,5 5 4 L a t e r a I e n t r i c L e s , e n t r i c u t ia t e r a t e s ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e u p p e r p a r t s o f h e c e r e b r a Ih e m i s p h e r e s ;o o s t e r i o r i e w r o m h e e f t .

Pes hippocampi

Hippocampus

Alveus hippocampi

Trigonum collaterale

Sulcus ippocampalis

Gyrus entatus

Gyrus arahippocampalis

Sulcus collateralis

F i g .5 5 5 L e f t e m p o r a L o r n ,C o r n u e m p o r a [ e ,o f h e a t e r a I e n t r i c L e , e n t r i c u t u s a t e r a t i s ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n f t e r e m o v a I o f h e e m p o r a L w a t [ :p o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i o r i e w.

Ventriculusateralis. ornu emDorale

556

55 3



ntricles Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Gyrus inguli


Cavum epti ellucidi

Septum ellucidum

Fornix, olumna


Capsula nterna


Fornix, orpus


Fornix, ru s

Fimbria ippocampi

Hippocampus

Trigonum ollaterale

Calcar vis


Corpus allosum, enu

Corpus allosum, ostrum

Nucleus audatus, aput

V thalamostriata uperior

Stria erminalis

Nucleus audatus, orpus

Lamina ffixa


Tela horoidea entriculiertii

Glomus horoideum


Vermis erebelli

F i g .5 5 6 L a t e r a I e n t r i c t e s , e n t r i c uL i a t e r a t e s ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e u p p e r p a r t s o f h e c e r e b r a Ihemispheres n d h e c e n t r a l a r t o f h e c o r p u s a t l o s u m ;s u p e n o r t e w

Plexus choroideus entriculi ateralis

Fimbria hippocampi

Sulcus ippocampalis

558

55/.

Ependymum


Alveus ippocampi

Pes hippocampi

Substantia risea

Substantia lba

Sulcus ollateralis

F i g ,5 5 7 Te m p o r a I o r n , C o r n u e m p o r a t e ,o f t h e a t e r a I e n t r i c L e , e n t r i c u t u s a t e r a [ i s ;s c h e m a t i c r o n t a L e c t i o n .


*Gyrus ccipitotemporallsedialis



Brain Blood essets CraniaI ase C ra ni aI e rv es M e n in g es P ar ts f heBrain essets

Fissuralongitudinaliserebri


Cavum eptipellucidi

Septum ellucidum

Fornix, olumna

Forameninterventriculare

InsulaILobus nsularis]


Capsula nterna


Fornix, ru s

Hippocampus

Trigonum ollaterale

Calcar vis


Ependymum

Plexus horoideus entriculiateralis

Nucleus audatus. orDUs

Corous allosum. enu



V thalamostriatauperior

Stria erminalis

Lamina tfixa

Taenia ornicis


Plexus horoideus entriculitertii


V interna erebri

Glandula inealis

V magna erebri

Vermis erebelli

560

Indusium riseum

Corpus allosum

Ventriculusateralis, ars entralis

V thalamostriatauperlor

Fornix, orpus


Ventriculusedius

556

F i g ,5 5 8 L a t e r a I e nt r i c l e s , e n t r i c u t i a t e r a l e s ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e c e n t r a L a r t of he c o r o u sc a l t o s u m n d h e c o l u m n s f h e o r n i x :su0en0r r e w.

Fissura onoitudinaliserebri

Lamina affixa

Thalamus

F i g .5 5 9 C e n t r a L a r t s ,P a r t e s e n t r a t e s , f h e a t e r a I en t r i c [ e sa n d h i r d v e n t r i c L e , e n t r i c u L u se r t i u s ;s c h e m a t i c r o n t a I e c t i o n

Tela choroidea ventriculi ertii



entrictes Topography S e c t i o n s Spinal ord Pathways

Venkiculus ateralis,Cornu rontale

Cavum epti ellucidi

Septum ellucidum

Fornix, olumna


thalamostriata uperior

Taenia halami

Stria erminalis

Taenia horoidea




V magna cerebri

V interna cerebri

Corpus allosum, enu


(Recessus riangularis)

Commissura nterior

Recessus upraopticus

Recessus nfundibuli

Adhesio nterthalamica*

Thalamus




Commissura osterior

Recessus inealis

Commissura abenularum

Glandula ineal is


F i g .5 6 0 L a t e r a I e n t r i c L e s , e n t r i c u I ia t e r a t e s , ndt h i r dv e n t r i c [ e , e n t r i c u L u s e r t i u s ;p a r t s o f t h e c e r e b r a L e m i s p h e r e s , h e c e n t r a I a r t o f h ec o r p u s a t t o s u m s w e t l as he orn ix nd h e c h o r o i d t e x u shave been emoved, h e e t a choroidea f he h i r dv e n t r i c l ehas b e e n e f t e c t e d ;s u p e n o r t e w.* T h e n t e r t h a [ a m i cdhes ion as een ec t ioned n h e m e d i a n l a n e

Fornix, olumna


Taenia halami

(Fissura elodiencephalica)

Fornix, ru s

F i g .5 6 1 Ta e n i a e , a e n i a e , f h e c h o r o i d l e x u s ,P t e x u s h o r o i d e u s f h e c e r e b r u m :s u p e n o r r e w.



> Brain

Arteriesof the base of the brain

A. communicans nterior Bulbus lfactoriusChiasma pticum A frontobasalismedialis

A frontobasalis ateralis Tractus lfactorius

N opticus ll

Btood essets C r a n i a I a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Parts f he b

A cerebri nterior,Pars precommunicalis

[Segmentum 'l ]A carotis nterna

A communicans osterior

N oculomotoriusll l

A, superior erebelli

N trigeminusV]

A labyrinthi

N facialis Vll]

A, cerebri osterior.Pars ostcommunicalisSegmentum 2]

A. cerebrimedia,Pars nsularis

[Segmentum 2]

Lobustemporalis

A choroideaanterior

Substantia

perforataposterior

A cerebri osterior,Pars precommunicalis

lsegmentum 1l

Area ubcallosa

A cerebrimedia,Pars phenoidalis[Segmentum 1]


A. superiorcerebelli

A basilaris

abducens Vl l

hypoglossus Xll]

N. vestibulocochlearislvilrl

Plexuschoroideus

ventriculi uarti

N glossopharyngeusttxl

A. nlerioranterior erebelli


N

N vagus X]

N accessorius Xl ]

A inferior osterior erebelliMedulla spinalis

F i g . 5 6 2 A r t e r i e s f h e b r a i n .



en tr ic [e s Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

f earsOostcommunicalis

I P"r"pr""orrrnicalis -

A. communicans nterior

Aa. centrales nteromediales

I Pars phenoidalisA. cerebrimedia I

\ Pars nsularis

A cerebri nterior

A carotis nterna, ars erebralis

A. communicans osterior

Aa centrales nterolaterales

A choroidea anteriol

R chiasmaticus

R nervi oculomotoriiA thalamotuberalisI Pars ostcommunicalis

A cerebri osteriorI Pars precommunicalis R hypothalamicus

Aa. uberis inerei

A. superior erebelli

Aa centrales osteromediales

Aa mesencephalicae

Aa. pontis

A labyrinthi

A. nferior nterior erebelli

A. nferior osterior erebelli

F i g .563 A r t e r i a I i r c t e f h e b r a i n ,Ci cutus arteriosus erebri wt -t- ts] .

F i g .5 6 4 a - g A r t e r i a I i r c t e f h e b r a i n ,C i r c u [ u s r t e r i o s u s e r e b r i .a - c Va r i a t i o n s f h e a n t e r i o r o r t i o nd - f Va r i a t i o n s f h e p o s t e r i o r o r t i o ng Ve r y a r n f e r i o r n i o n f he v e r t e b r a I r t e r i e s



BLood esse ls C r a n i a I a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the b

Arteriesof the brain

Ventriculusateralis, ornu ontale

Adhesio nterthalamica



Septum ellucidum

Fornix, orpus


Tela choroidea ventriculi enii

Sulcus entralis

Glandula inea l i s


V magna erebri

A cerebri osteriorA cerebri nterior,Pars ostcommunicalis,

A pericallosa

Corpus allosum, en u


Commissura nterior

Lamina erminalis

A communicans nterior

HypothalamusChiasma pticum

A carotis nternaInfundibulum

Sulcus ypothalamicusHypophysis

Corpusmamillare inistrumVentriculusertius

A basilaris

ThalamusPons

A vertebralis

Sulcuscalcaflnus

Commissuraposterior


Tectummesencephali

\ ; )

Vermis cerebelli

Ventriculus uartus

Hemispherium erebelli,Tonsilla erebelli

Canalis centralisoblongata

F i g . 5 6 5 M e d i a I u r f a c e f he b r a i n ,F a c i e sm e d i a t r sh e m i s p h e r i i e r e b r i ; i e n c e p h a | . o n , i e n c e p h a t o n , ndb r a i n s t e m , r u n c u s n c e p h a I i ;s t a g g e r e d e d i a n e c t i o n ;viewed rom the [eft .

F i g .565 A r t e r i a L s u p p t y f he b r a i n ;viewed rom the [eft .

F i g .5 5 7 A r t e r i a l u p p t y f h e b r a i n ;m e d i a I i e w.

A cerebri osterior



Ventric[es Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

A. rontobasalis edialis

A cerebri nterior

A cerebri media

A choroideaanterior

R choroideusposterior

Glomus horoideum

A. cerebri osterior

Tentorium erebelliSinus agittalis uperior

F i g . 5 6 8 A r t e r i e s n d v e i n s f h e b r a i n ,A r t e r i a e t Ve n a e e r e b r i .


V. anterior eptipellucidi

Lamina affixa

V magna erebri

Sinus agittalis nferior

V thalamostriatasupenor

V internacereorl

Arteries nd veins f the brain



Ventricte rojection

Veins f the brain


V thalamostriata uoerior

Thalamus

Vv. nternae erebri

V lateralis entriculilateralis

V magna erebri

V basalis

B[ood essets C ra ni aI a se C ra ni aI er ve s M e ni nq es Par ts of he br

V anterior epti ellucidi

V choroidea uperior

V basalis

V magna erebri

F i g .569 Deep e ins f h e b r a i n , v. p r o f u n d a e e r e b r i .T h e n t e r n a l e r e b r a I e i n s u n w it h i n h e e t a c h o r o i d e a f h et h i r dv e n t r i c t e .

Vv. nternaecerebri

Pulvinar halami

V choroideainferior

N. rigeminus Vl

F i g . 5 7 0 D e e p ei n s f h e b r a i n , v. p r o f u n d a e e r e b r i ;p o s t e r i o r i e w r o m h e r i g h t .



Ventnie "es Topography Sections Splrn , r{:nrd $}nthwut5rs;

Bulbus culi

N opt icusll


Hippocampus

Vermis cerebelli

Sulcus calcarinus

Brain,


Chiasma pticum

lnfundibulum


Pedunculus erebri



Tectum esencephali

F i g . 5 7 1 B r a i n , E n c e p h a [ o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l l ;h o r i z o n t a L e c t i o n t h e e v e I f h e m i d b r a i n n d het e m p o r a L o r n s o f h e L a t e r a t v e n t r i c l e s;S U p e r o r r e w.



Septum el lucidum

Fornix. olumna


Ventriculusertius

Thalamus

Fornix, rus

Ventriculus aterahs,Cornu occipjtale

F i s su ra ong i tud ina l i scereDrl

572

573

57 1

F i g . 5 7 2 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e L e v e I f h e c e n t r a I a r t so f h e L a t e r a I e n t r i c [ e s ;s u p e n o r r e w

F i g . 5 7 3 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R I J ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e L e v e L f h e h i r d v e n t r i c t ea n d h e o p e n i n g f h e e m p o r a I o r n s f h eL a t e r a I e n t r i c t e s ;s u p e f l o r r e w.

sections



Brain

Gyrus ingul i

B lo od es se ls C ra ni aI as e CraniaI erves Meninges Par ts of the br

Septum el lucidum'Ventriculusertius; halamus"



Tectum esencephali

Sulcus alcarinus

Vermis erebelli

Ventriculus uartus

Cisterna erebellomedullaris

Medul l a p ina l i s

Pars ralis haryngis Pars aryngeapnaryngrs

Dens xis

F i g . 5 7 1 B r a i n , E n c e p h a L o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;m e d i a n e c t i o n The s t r u c t u r e s m a r k e d w i t h + aooearp a r t Lya t s i fed as a consequence f h e " p a r t i a t - v o I u m e -

effect .

Sulcus entralis

Ventriculusateralis. ornu emDorale

Cerebellum

F i g . 5 7 5 B r a i n , n c e p h a t o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l l ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n .

Commissura nterior

Corpus al losum, en u

Corpusmamillare

Chiasma pticum

Hypophysis

Sinus phenoidal is

A basilaris

pons

Pars nasalis haryngis

Lrngua


Bulbus cul i

Sinusmaxi l lar is

575



Ventric[es Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways


Gyrus rontalis nferior

Gyri nsulae



Gyrus emporalis nferior




Caput uclei audati

Septum ellucidum

Nucleus entiformis

Capsula nterna

A cerebrimedia



Corpus uclei audati

Fornix

Thalamus

Ventriculusertius


Hippocampus

Pedunculus erebri

F i g . 5 7 6 B r a i n , EncephaLon;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n

Gyrus rontalis edjus


Fossa lateralis cerebri



F i g . 5 7 7 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l l ;f r o n t a L e c t i o n .

Fossa nterDeduncularis



Brain B[ood essel.s C ra ni aI a se O ne ln iaI erves Men i nqes Part s of the bn

l\ilargo uperior

Gyrus rontalis uperior A callosomarginalis

Fissura ongitudinaliserebri A cerebri anterior. A oericallosa

Su lcus ingu l i Corpus allosum, runcusGyrus ingul i

Gyrus rontalis ediusSeptum el lucidum

Sulcus orporis allosiVentriculusateralis,Cornu rontale

Arachnoidea mater cranialisBadiatio corporis callosi

Corpus allosum,Rostrum

Capsula nternaGyrus ontalis nferior

V anterior epti ellucidi



Sulcus orporis allosi



Putamen

Sulcus circularis nsulae

Sulcus ateralis

Putamen

Fossa ateraliscerebri

Gyri nsulaePolus

temporalisGyri orbitales

Gyrus emporalisinterior

Tractus lfactorius

Fissura ongitudinaliserebriSulcus ingul i

Gyrus inguli

l\4argo nferomedialis

A pericallosa

Cisterna pericallosa


Radiatio orporis callosi

Septum ellucidum


Capsula xterna

Capsula xtrema

V mediasuperficialiserebriA cerebrimedia

Cisterna ericallosa

Area ubcallosa

A cereb ri nterior,Pars postcommunicalis

Margo nferolateralis

Capsula nterna,Crus anterius

Capsula xterna

Corpus allosum,RostrumCapsula xtremaV media uperficialiscerebriA cerebri media,Pars nsularis

A communicansanterior

lvlargonterolateralis

Gyrus ectus

F i g . 5 7 8 B r a i n , E n c e p h a L o n ;f r o n t a L e c t i o n t t h e L e v e L f h e a n t e r i o r a r t so f h e r o n t a L o r n s o f h e L a t e r a L e n t r i c [ e s

Gyrus rontalis uperior l\4argo uperior

cereDrlClaustrum

Gyri nsulaeGyrus

temporalissupenor

Cisterna ossaelateralis erebri

Gyrus araterminalis


Cisterna pericallosa;Cisterna aminab erminalis

Gyrus ectus

Tractus llactorius

A cerebri nterior,Pars recommunicalis

l\4argo nferomed al s

F i g . 5 7 9 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a L o n ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e Le v e I f he p o s t e r i o r a r t so f h e r o n t a I o r n s o f h e a t e r a L e n t r i c L e s .



entnia[Es Top*graphy Sections $ p ln aI m r d Fat hl u' mys

Gyrus rontalis uperiorGyrus inguli

Gyrus rontalis ediusFornix, orpus

Nucleus audatus, apul

Putamen


Gyrus rontalis nlerior

Claustrum

Cisterna ossae ateralis erebri

Gyrus emporalis uperiol

Gyri nsulae

Globus alhdus edia l is


Gyrus emporalis ediusNucleus audatus. auda

Corpus mygdaloideumChlasmaopticumyrus emporalis

inferior

Gyri occipito-temporales

Hypophysis

Gyrus arahippo-campalis

HypothalamusA communicans osterior

F i g . 5 8 0 B r a i n , E n c e p h a L o n ;f r o n t a L s e c t i o n t t h e L e v e I f h e n t e r v e n t r i c u L a r o r a m t n a

Gyrus rontalis uperior A pericallosaFissura ongitudinalis erebri

Brain, rontal

Fissura ongitudinalis erebri

A pericallosa



Septum el lucidum

Capsula nterna, enu

(Recessus riangularis)

Capsula xterna

Capsula xtrema

Laminae edullaresmedialis t ateralis

Fornix, olumna,(Pars ibera)Fornix , o lumna,(Pars ecta)

Commissura nterior

Tractus pticusVentriculusateralis,Cornu emporale

Lamina erminalisBecessus upraopticus


Septum ellucidum


Plexus choroideusventriculi ateralis

Tela choroideaventriculi ertii


Stria medullaris halami

Capsula xtrema

Ventriculusertius

Capsula xterna

Laminae edullaresmedialis t ateralisCapsula nterna

Tractus pticus

Corpusmamillare

Becessusinfundibuli

Gyrus inguli

Gyrus rontalis ediusFornix, orpus


Stria erminalis

Putamen

Gyrus ontalis nferior

Gyri nsulae

Clauslrum



Globus al l idus edia l is

Gyrus emporalis edius

Nucleus audatus, audaCorpus mygdaloideum

Gyrus emporalisA cerebri osterior,Pars recommunicalis

inferior

Hippocampus


Gyrusoccipitotemporalis

N oculomotoriusll lPons Cisterna nterpeduncularis

Cisterna ontocerebellaris,Cisterna ontis)natamus

Gyrus ccipitotemporalis edialisGyrus arahippocampalis Hypothalamus A basilaris

F i g . 5 8 1 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;f r o n t a L s e c t i o n t t h e L e v e L o fhe m a m i t L a r y o d i e s



Bt ood e sse[s C ra ni at as e C ra ni aI e rv es M en i ng es P ar ts f h e b

Gvrus rontalis uoeriorIndusium riseum, triae ongitudinales edialis t ateralisFissura ongitudinaliserebri

Gvrus rontalis edius

Gyrus inguli

Cisterna ericallosaNucleus audatus, orpus

V thalamostriatauperiorTela choroidea

Thalamus

Gvrus rontalis nferior

Putamen

Sulcus ateralisInsula Lobus nsularis]

Gyrus emporalis uperiorClaustrum

Gyrus emporalis ediusCorpus eniculatumaterale

Nucleus audatus, audaCorpus eniculatum ediale


Gyrus emporalis nteriorNucleus uber

GyrusoccipitotemporalisateralisGyrus ccipitotemporalis edialis

Gyrus parahippocampalisVentriculusertius

F i g . 5 8 2 B r a i n , E n c e p h a [ o n ;f r o n t a t e c t i o n t the e v e I f h e c e n t r a I a r t of he h i r dv e n t r i c t e .R i g h t n d e f t h a l a m u s r e e q u e n t l y o n n e c t e d y h ei n t e r t h a [ a m i c d h e s i o n t t h i s e v e [ .

Gyrus precentralis

Gyrus inguli

Cisterna ericallosa

Gyrus postcentralis

V thalamostriata uperior

Gyrus postcentralis



Thalamus


Putamen

Gyrus emporalis edius



Gyrus occipitotemporalisateralis

Gyrus ccipitotemporalis edialis


Cerebellum

F i g . 5 8 3 B r a i n , Encephalon;frontaI section at the leveI of the oosterior wa[[of the third ventricte.

Tractus yramidalis


Ventriculusateralis, ars centralisPlexus horoideusventriculiateralis

Stria erminalis

Lamina affixa

Fornix,Crus

V interna erebriPlexus horoideusStriamedullarishalami

Capsula xtremaCapsula xternaCapsula nterna


Plexus horoideusventriculiateralisAlveus ippocampi

Fimbria ippocampiGyrus entatus

A. cerebri osteriorCisterna mbiens

cerebellorubralis)

Corous allosum. runcuslateralis, ars centralis

Plexus horoideus entriculiateralis

Fornix, ru s

Stria erminalis

Lamina atfixa

Tela horoideaventriculiertiiPlexus horoideusventriculiertii

Capsula nterna

Capsula nrema

PonsMedulla blongata

Indusium riseum,Striae onoitudinales edialis t ateralis

Tegmentummesencephali


Alveus ippocampi

Fimbria ippocampiVentriculus ateralis,Cornu emporale

Cisterna mbiensA. cerebri osterior

Ventriculus ertius


Aoueductus esenceohali

Funiculus osterior



entric[es Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Gyrus postcentralis

Lobulus arietalis nferior

Gyrus inguli

Cisterna ericallosa

Gyrussupramarginalis

A. cerebrimediaCisterna ossaelateralis erebri


Gyrus emporalissuperor

Pulvinar halami

Gyrus emporalismedius

Cisterna mbiensColliculus uperior

Gyrus emporalis nferiorGyrus parahippocampalis

Gyrus occipitotemporalisateralisGyrusoccipitotemporalis edialis

Hemisoherium erebelliColliculusnferior

FlocculusVermis erebelli

F i g . 5 8 4 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e e v e I f h e p i n e a t t a n da n d h e o u r t h e n t r i c t e .

Lobulus arietalis uperior

R precunealis

Sulcus uboarietalis

Lobulus arietalis nferior

Precuneus


Gyrus ngularis

Sulcus emporalissupeflor

Calcar avis


Sulcus alcarinusGyrus emporalis nferior

Gyrusoccipitotemporalislateralis

Gyrus occipitotemporalismedialis

Gyrus ingualis

HemisDheriumerebelli

F i g . 5 8 5 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;f ron ta I ec t ion t he eveI f he occ io i ta Iornsof he ateraI entricles.


A pericallosa

Ventriculusateralis,Pars centralis



Fornix,Crus

v thalamostriatasupenor

Capsula nterna

Tela choroidea

Fimbria ippocampi

Alveushippocampi


Gyrus dentatusVentriculus ateralis,Cornu emoorale


interna erebri

Cisterna uadrigeminalis

Corpus allosum, apetum

Ventriculus ateralis,Cornuoccipitale

A. occipitalismedialis

V magna erebri

Vermis erebelli

Glandulapinealis

Pedunculuscerebellaris uperior

Velummedullare uoeriusquanus

Substantia risea

Substantia lba

Nucleus entatus

Tonsilla erebelli



Bl.ood es set s C ra ni aI as e Cranial erves Men inges Parts f he b


Gyrus rontalis uperior Arachnoidea ater ranialis

Gyrus rontalis mediusA. cerebri nterior,R. rontalis Dosteromedialis

Gyrus inguli

Gyrus precentralis

Sulcus entralis

Gyrus postcentralis A cerebri nterior,A. pericallosa

Gyrus upramarginalis

Sulcus ateralis,Ramus osterior A cerebri nterior,

R precunealis

A. occipitalis medialis, Rr. parietales

F i g . 5 8 6 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n us t above he corpus a l tosum.I n F i g . 5 7 8 - 5 9 8 , h e s u b a r a c h n oi d pace ppearss o m e w h a t n t a rg e d , a r t i c u t a r t yn he reg ion f heh e m i s p h e r i c u t c i , ue o the ac t h a t h e s e p e c i m e n sw e r e a k e n r o m e t d e r l v n d i v i d u a t s .



entrictes Topography Sect ions S pi na I ord Pathways



Sulcus inguli

Gyrus inguli

A. cerebri nterior, . callosomarginalisA. pericallosa


Corpus allosum, orceps minor


Gyrus precentralis

Sulcus entralis

Gyrus postc€ntralis

Ventriculus ateralis, ornulrontale

Septum ellucidum,Cavum septi pellucidi

Caosula nterna

Ventriculus ateralis,Pars centralisV lhalamostriatasupenor

Stria erminalis

Lobulus arietalisinferior

Gyrus ngularis

Corpus allosum,Truncus

Nucleus audatus,Corpus

Lamina tfixa


(Gyrioccipitales)

Corpus allosum,Forceps major


Sulcus ubDarietalis

Precuneus

Fissura ongitudinaliserebri Sulcus parietooccipitalis

F i g . 5 8 7 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;horizontaI ection at the leveI ofthe centraI oart of the ateraI ventrictes.

B ain, ho izo ntal section



Bt ood esset s C ra ni aI a se C ra ni aI e rv es M e ni ng es P ar ts f h e b

Fissura ongitudinalis erebri Aa. cerebri anteriores. Aa. oericallosaeGyrus inguli

Indusium riseumGyrus rontalis edius

CorDus allosum. enuCisterna ericallosa

Ventriculus ateralis, ornu rontale

Septum ellucidum

Ventriculus ateralis,Pars centralisGyrus rontalis nferior


Fornix, olumna

Gyrus precentralis

Sulcus entralis

Plexus horoideus entriculilateralis

Gyrus postcentralis

lnsula Lobus nsularis]

Claustrum

Putamen

Thalamus


Gyrus emporalissupeflor



Sulcus emporalis

supenor

Stria erminalisV. halamostriata uDerior

Fornix,Corpus

Capsula xtrema

Capsula elderna

Capsula nterna

A. cerebri media,Rr. erminales

Tela choroidea

Fissura ransversacerebri


Fornix, rus

Ventriculus ateralis,Bulbus ornus ccioitalis


Gyrus inguli

Sulcus uboarietalis(Gyri ccipitales)

Sulcus unatus

Precuneus



F i g . 5 8 8 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e e v e I f h e l o o r o fthe centraI oart of the lateraI entric[es.



Ventr ic te s Topography Sections SpinaI ord Pathways

Fissura ongitudinaliserebriPolus rontalis A cerebri nterior, . Dericallosa

Gyrus inguliIndusium riseum

Gyrus rontalis nferior Corpus allosum, enu

V anterior epti pellucidi

Nucleus audatus, Caput

Ventriculus ateralis, ornu rontale

Septum ellucidum

Fornix, olumna

Capsula nterna,Crus anterius


V thalamostriata uoerior

Caosula nterna. enu

Caosula )drema


Capsula xterna





Claustrum

Putamen

Gyrus emporalissupenor

Thalamus

Tela horoideaventriculiertii


Sulcus emporalissupenor

Gyrus emporalis medius

Gyrus inguli

(Gyrioccipitales)

Ventriculus ertius


V. nterna erebri

Capsula nterna,Radiatio ptica

Fimbria ippocampi


Fornix. ommissura

Ventriculus ateralis,Cornuoccioitale

Sulcus unatus

Corpus allosum,Forceps major

Calcar avis


Sulcus alcarinusPolus ccipitalis


F i g . 5 8 9 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;h o r i z o n t a l e c t i o n t t h e e v e [ f h e u p p e r p a r tof the third ventricte.



> Brain

Cisterna ericallosa


Commissura nterior


Claustrum


Adhesio interthalamica

PutamenSulcus emporalis uperior

B to od e ss et s C ra ni aI as e Cr an ia t e rv es M en in ge s P ar ts of the br

horizontal ection


Polus rontalis A. cerebri nterior, callosomarginalisGyrus inguli A. cerebri nterior, . pericallosa

Cisterna ericallosaCorpus allosum, orcepsminor


Fissura ongitudinaliserebri Ventriculus ateralis. ornu rontale

Nucleus audatus, Caput Corpus allosum, ostrum

Capsula nterna, Crus anterius'Areasubcallosa

Lamina erminalis

Fornix.Columna

Capsula nterna, GenuLaminaemedullares

medialis t lateralisVentriculus ertius

Caosula xtremaCaDsula xterna

Globi allidimedialis t lateralis


Thalamus


Cisterna mbiens


Recessus inealis

Glandula oinealis


Calcar avis

lsthmus yri inguli

Sulcus alcarinus

Sulcus unatus

Hypothalamus

Commissuraposterior

Habenula


Fimbria ippocampi

Alveushippocampi


Trigonum ollaterale

Ventriculusateralis,Cornu occipitale

Sulcus ollateralis

A cerebri osterior

V magna erebri

Vermis erebelli

Polus ccipitalis

Fig.590 Brain, ncephaton;hor izon ta Iec t ionhrough he cent re f he h i rdvent r ic [et he eveI f he n te r tha[amic dhesion.



ent ri ct es Top og ra ph y S ec ti on s SpinaI ord Pathways


Gyrus inguli Aa. cerebri nteriores, a pericallosae

Area subcallosa

Gyrus paraterminalis

Caosula nterna,Crus anterius

Lamina erminalis

Commissura nterior

Fornix, olumna

Fasciculusmamillothalamicus



Cisterna ericallosa

Gvrus rontalis nferior



Putamen


Claustrum

Sulcus emporalis uperiorHypothalamus


Nucleus uber



Corpora eniculatalaterale t mediale



Hippocampus

Cisterna mbiens


Sulcus ollateralis

Fimbria ippocampi

Alveushippocampi


Eminentia collateralis

Ventriculus ateralis,Cornu emporale

Gyrus dentatus

Sulcus ippocampalis

Gyrus ingualis

F i g .5 9 1 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a l o n ;horizontaI ection hrough he third ventric[e t the eveIo f he o p e n i n g f h e c e r e b r a I queduct .



Btood essets C ra ni aI a s e C ra ni aI e rv es M en i ng es Parts f he b

Gyrus ectus

Gyriorbitales

A cerebri nterior

A communicans nterior

A cerebri nterior


A cerebri media

Gyrus parahippocampalis

Gyrus occipitotemporalis

lateralisA. communicans osterior

I t"rna chiasmatica

I

Lamina erminalis

Becessus upraopticus

Recessus ntundibuli

Ventriculus ertius

Tractus pticus

Corpusmamillare

Corpus amygdaloideum

(Gyrus mbiens)

Pedunculus erebri,Crus cerebri

Pes hippocampi

Hippocampus

Ventriculus ateralis,Cornu emporale

Eminentia collateralis

Sulcus ippocampalis

Sulcus ollateralis



Hypothalamus

Fossa nterpeduncularis


Substantia igra

A. cerebri osterior

Nucleus uber

Cisterna mbiens


Tectummesencephali,Colliculusnferior

Frenulum elimedullaris uoeriorisVermis erebelli

Gyrus lngualis longitudinaliserebri

F t g . 5 9 2 B r a i n ,E n c e p h a t o n ;s t a g g e r e d o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h h e l o o r o f h e h i r dv e n t r i c l e t t h e e v e [ f h e m a m i l t a r v o d i e s .




Foramen nterventriculareGyrus rontalis uperior

Sulcus inguliHypothalamus

Gyrus inguliCorpus allosum, runcus

Septum ellucidum



Gyrus araterminalis

Commissura nteriorLamina erminalis

A cerebri nteriorA, communicans nterior

Gyrus ectus

N opticus llA carotis nterna

Hypophysis

CorpusmamillareA communicans osterior

A basilaris

Pons


Glandula pinealis


V magna erebri

Sulcus arietooccioitalis

Tectum


Sulcus alcarinus

F i g . 5 9 3 B r a i n , E n c e p h a [ o n ;m e d i a n e c t i o n .

Corous allosum. runcusNucleus audatus, aput

Capsula nterna


Commissura nterior


Gyrus araterminalis

Bulbus lfactoriusA cerebri nterior

Gyrus ectusA carotis nternaN. opticus ll l

N. oculomotoriusll lA cerebri osterior

A superior erebelliA. basilaris

Ventriculusateralis. ars entralisV thalamostriatauperior

Pons

N. abducens Vl ]N. hypoglossus Xll]

N vestibulocochlearis Vll l]A vertebralis

N. glossopharyngeuslX l

Canalis entralis

Plexus horoideus entriculiateralisThalamus

Gyrus inguli

Vermis erebelli


Ventriculus uartus


Aoerturamediana entriculi uarti

Sulcus entralis

Tela choroidea ventriculi tertii

Fornix, rus

Fornix, ommissura


Sulcus arietooccipitalis

N trochlearis vl

Sulcus alcarinus

Cisterna mbiens


A vertebralis

Medulla oblongata

F i g . 5 9 4 B r a i n , E n c e p h a l o n ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h he ef th e m i s p h e r e t t h e L e v e [ f h eh e a d o f h e c a u d a t e u c l e u s .

Vermis erebelliVentriculus uartus

Hemisoherium erebelliPlexus horoideus entriculi uarti

Apertura ateralis entriculi uarti

N facialis Vll]

B a n, sagittal sectio s

N vagus X] N accessorius Xl ]



Brain BLood esse[s CraniaI ase Craniat erves Meninges Parts f he br

Nucleus audatus, orpusCaosula nterna. rus anterius

Globus allidus ateralis

Ventriculusateralis, ornu emporale


Fornix,Crus

Hippocampus

Sulcus alcarinusCommissura nterior

Globus allidus edialisA carotis nterna

N oculomotoriusll l

Gyrus arahippocampalis, ncus

A cerebrimedia

A. communicans osterior

Pons

A cerebri osterior



F i g . 5 9 5 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h h e e f t h e m i s p h e r ea t t h e e v e I f h e b o d v o f h e c a u d a t e u c [ e u s

Globus Dallidus ateralisCapsula nterna Sulcus entralis

Globus oallidus medialisNucleus audatus, auda

Glomus horoideum

Trigonum ollaterale

Putamen


Tapetum

Ventriculus ateralisCornu ccipitale

Commissura nterior

A cerebrimedia


Corpus mygdaloideum

Plexus horoideus entriculiateralisGyrus arahippocampalis

Hippocampus

Fimbria hippocampi

A. cerebri osterior

F i g . 5 9 5 B r a i n , E n c e p h a t o n ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h he L e f t e m i s p h e r eat the [eve[ of the amygdal.oid od y




ntric[es Topog raphy Sec ti ons Spina t ord Pathways

Insula Lobus nsularisl

Claustrum


A cerebri media

Putamen

Ventriculus ateralis ornu emDorale

Nucleus audatus auda

Hippocampus

Sulcus entralis

Sulcus entralis


Insula Lobus nsularisl

A. cerebri media

F i g . 5 9 7 B r a i n E n c e p h a l o n ;sagit tal . ection hrough he teft hemispherea t the eveI f he apex f he emporaI orn .

F i g . 5 9 8 B r a i n E n c e p h a l o n ;sag i t t a t ec t ionhrough he ef t emisphereat he eveI f he nsu[a .


Eminentia ollateralis

B ain sa g tta secti ns




Brain

5i us

Blood esse ts C ra ni aI as e CraniaI erves M en in ge s Parts f he b

cord

Encephalon

Medulla oblongata

Nn thoracici, Radices oosteriores

Medulla p ina l i s

Intumescentiaumbosacralis

Cauda equina

Ganglion ensorium ervispinalis l

Os occipitale

Intumescentia ervicalis

Nn intercostales

Rr posteriores

Nn thoracici

Rr cutanei aterales

Conus medullaris

Ganglia ensoria eryorumspinal iumumbal ium

Ben

AIaossis lium

Ganglia ensoria eruorumspinalium ervicalium

F i g . 5 9 9 B r a i n , n c e p h a [ o n ; p i n a l c o r d , e d u t t a p i n a t i s ,and s p i n a I e r v e s , n . s p i n a [ e s ;b r a i n and spinaL erves n a neonate .I n h e n e o n a t e , h e s p i n a I o r d e x t e n d s w o v e r t e b r a l .s e g m e n t s u r t h e r c a u d a t l y o m p a r e d o t h e a d u [ t .



ntricles Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Segmenta ceruicalia C1 C8 ]

Segmenta horacica f1-T12l

Segmenta umbalia 11-15]

Segmenta sacralia S -S5]

Segmenta coccygea [Co1 Co3]

Cauda quina

Seamental tructure f the spinal ord

Radices ervorumthoracicorum

Radices ervorumlumbal ium

Radices eruorumsacralium

Radices ervorumcoccygeorum

F i g .600 SpinaI ord segments egmenta edut lae p i n a t i sand spinaI e rve oo ts Radices ervorum pina t ium;schemat ic median ec t ion .As he sp inaI ord d o e s not o t tow he growth f he ver tebraI o tumnthe course f he sp inaI oo ts owards h e i r cor responding egmentaLin te rver tebra l oramina ecomes teeper rom cran ia l o caudaL. n heneonate he sp ina l o rd e n d s a t the eve[ f he sp inous rocess f hefour th umbar e r tebra hereas n he aduLt t ex tends ormat ly n[yto the second umbar er tebra .



Brain

glossopharyngeus XlN vagus X]

N hypoglossus Xll]

Fossa homboidea

Arcus nterioratlantis

Btood esse[s C r a n i a I a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Parts f he

Pons

Medulla blongata

Radix osterior( c 1 ) N accessorius

Xl]Decussatio yramidum

Fissura edianaanteflor

Sulcus nterolateralisGanglia ensorianervorum pinalium

Arcus ertebraecervicalis ll

Arcus ertebraethoracicae

Costa ll

Sulcusposterolateralis

Sulcusmedianusposterior

Duramater pinalis

Arcusvertebraethoracicae ll

Arcusvertebraelumbalis

lumbaleslL 1-L sl

Ganglion spinale

Os sacrumNn. sacrales

ls 1-s 5l

Filum erminale,Pars uralis

5

N coccygeusOs coccygls[Vertebrae coccygeae l-lV]

F i 9 . 6 0 1 S p i n a I o r d ,M e d u t L a p i n a L i s ,and s p i n a l n e r v e s , n . s p i n a t e s ;s i t u s o f h e s p i n a I o r d ;d o r s a I v i e w.A s s p i n a I o r ds e g m e n t s r e n u m b e r e d ccordingt o t h e s p i n a l n e r v e s , n d h e u p p e r m o s t p i n a L e r v ei s counted s h e i r s t c e r v i c a L e r v e , h e r e ar ea c t u a t t y i g h tc e r v i c a L e g m e n t s .

N.hypoglossus

lxill

Radices osteriores(L1-5, S 1-5)

Ganglia ensorianervorum pinalium(s 1-5)


Fig.602 Fig.60 3

F i g . 6 0 2 S p i n a I o r d ,M e d u t t a p i n a l i s ,and s p i n a I e r v e s , n . s p i n a [ e s ;t h e s p i n a I u r a m a t e r h a s b e e n opened;d o r s a I v i e w.

F i g .603 S p i n a l o r d ,M e d u l t a p i n a [ i s ,a n d s p i n a I e r v e s , n . s p i n a l e s ;the s p i n a l u r a m a t e r has b e e n o p e n e d ;v e n t r a L i ew

2

3

Nn cervicaleslc 1-c 8l

Nn. thoracicilT 1-T 121

5

6

7

8

1

2

Radix osterior(c 8)

Radlx osterior(r 1)

Duramaterspinalls

Duramaterspinalis

Radixposterior

(r 12 )

Radix osterior( L1 )

Cauda quina

Intumescentialumbosacralis

Conus medullaris

Filum erminale




en tr ic [e s Top o gr ap h y S ect i on s SpinaI ord Pathways

Fissura ediana nterior

Sulcus medianusposterior

Sulcusposterolateralis

Radix osteriorFila adicularia

Arachnoideamater spinalis

Duramater pinalis

F i 9 .604 SpinaI ord MeduLLa p i n a L i sand s p i n a l meninges eninges p ina[es ;dorsaIv iew.

Duramaterspinalis

Lig denticulatum

Dura materspinalis

Ganglia ensorianervorumspinal ium

Fig .606 a-c SpinaI e rve oo tsNn. s p i n a t e s a d i c e s ;typ icaIcourse i th in he subarachnoid p a c e .a Cerv icaL egment egmentum erv ica[eb Thorac ic egment egmentum horac icumc Lumbar egment egmentum umbate

Cauda quina

coccygeus

F i g . 6 0 5 S p i n a L c o r d e d u l . t a s p i n a I i s ;c a u d a L a r tw i t h h e c a u d a q u i n a a u d a q u i n a ;ventraI iew.

Duramater pinalis Dura materspinalis

Fissura edianaanterior

Nn lumbales

Conus medullaris

Filum erminale

Duramater pinalis





ntr ic [es Topography S e c t i o n s SpinaI ord Pathways

Sulcus medianus osterior Fasciculus racilis ). I Funiculus osterior

/ FaSclCuluS unealus,/

Radix posterior, Fi la radicularia

Substantia gelatinosaSubstantia elatinosa entralis

Canalis entralis

Fila radicularia

Columna nterior, ornu nterius

Funiculus nteriorCommissura lb a

Sulcus medianus osteriorFuniculus osterior

Columna osterior,Cornu posterius

Funiculuslateralis

Sulcus medianus osterior

Columna osterior, ornu osterius

Substantia risea

Substantia elatinosa entralis

Radixposterior

Substantia elatinosa

Substantiagelatinosa

centralis

Columna nterior,Cornu nterius

Columnaposterior,Cornuposterius

Substantia alba

Columna nterior, ornu nterius Canalis centralis

Fissura mediana anterior

F i g .609 a-d Spina t o rd , MeduLta p i n a t i s ;c ross -sec t ions ; yeLin ta in ; pprox . 00 .a Cerv icaL ar t , Pars e rv ica t i sb T h o r a c i c ar t , Pars horacrcac Lumbar par t , P a r s umbaLisd SacraI ar t , Pars acraus

Spinal cord, structure

Sulcus ntermedius osterior

Fissura ediana nterior

Commissura lba nterior tFiss medianal

anteriorb



> Brain Btood essets C ran ia I as e C ra ni aI e rv es M en in ge s Parts f he b

Functional rganisation f thespinal ord

Substantia elatinosa Nucleus arginalis

Columna osterior,Cornu posterius

Nucleus horacicus osterior

Columna ntermedia, ornu aterale

Nucleusintermediolateralis

Columna nterior,Cornu nterius

Canalis entralis(Substantia risea ntermedia entralis)

F i g . 6 1 0 S p i n a I o r d , M e d u t t a p i n a t i s ;[ a m i n a r rg a n i s a t i o n f h e g r e y m a t t e r according o i t sc y t o a r c h i t e c t u r ea c c o r d i n g o R E X E D ,9 5 2 ) , x e m p t i f ed

b y h e e n t h h o r a c ic e g m e n t T 1 0 l .F o r m a t i o n n d n u m b e r o f h e a m i n a e a r y n d i f f e r e n ts p i n a I o r d s e g m e n t s

Ganglion spirale

1 = Skin2 = Interneurons3 = Motoneuron f anterior orn4 = Motorend-plate5 = Muscle pindle

F i g . 6 11 R e f t e x e s t t h e s p i n a I o r d ;l e f t :m o n o s y n a p t i c e f e x b i n e u r o n a t , r o p r i o c e p t i v e , y o s t a t i c , . g . ,p a t e L [ a re n d o n e f t e x , c h i t l . e sendon e f l e x , t c . l ;r i g h t :p o t y s y n a p t i ce f l e x p o l y n e u r o n a t , . g . , b d o m i n a I e f l e x ,cremasteric eflex,ptantar eftex, tc.J .

t l

il l

Nucleus roprius

\

I I I t Q 2 I L l \ lr I I I I I \ l



ntric[es Topography Sect ions SpinaI ord Pathways

Fasciculus nterfascicularis+

Fasciculi ropriiposteriores

Tractuscorticospinalis

(pyramldalis)lateralis

Tractusrubrospinalis

Tractus eticulospinalis

Tractus eticulospinalis; ractus ectospinalis

Tractus estibulosoinalis edialis

Tractus orticospinalispyramidalis) nterior

Fig .612 S p i n a I ord , Medul . ta p ina t i s ;schemat ic rganisa t ion f he whi te mat te r exempt i f iedby a l o w e r cerv icaL egmentAfferen t =ascendingl a thways n b l u e ;e ffe ren t =descendingl a thways n red .* Ct in ica l te rm:

LEoHS|G srac t** CtinicaIerm: GOWER sract*** CtinicaIerm: GOLL sracr**** CtinicaIerm: BURDACH sract**x**The ctuaI xistence f hese ibres as not definitetyee n

documented

Functional rganisation f the spinal cord

Fasciculus racilis***

Fasciculus uneatus****

Tractus pinocerebellaris osterior*

Tractus pinocerebellarisanlerior**

Tractus pino-thalamicus ateralis

Tractus pinoolivaris

Tractus oinothalamicus nlerior:Tractus Dinotectalis

Fasciculi roprii nteriores

Fasciculus ongitudinalis medialis

T h e r e g i o n s n d i c a t e d b y + , + + , a n d + + + d e s i g n a t e d e s c e n d i n gc o t l a t e r a L r a c t s o f t h e p o s t e r i o r a s c i c u t i .

+ SCHULTZEcomma rac t cervicaL ar t l++ FLEOHSIG svaIbundte thoracic ar t )+++ Triangte f PHILIPPE-GON4BAULT[umbar and sacra t par ts )

t l

I,,,) A r

\ \ \ l ,

\ \ l l



Brain

of the

Btood essets C r a n i a I a s e Cranial . erves Meninges Parts f he

Gyrus ostcentralis

Gyrus ostcentralis

Fibrae halamoparietales

Lemniscus medialis

N trigeminusV]

Nuclei nervi rigemini

Decussatio emniscorum

Nucleus racilis

Fibrae halamoparietales

Thalamus

Nucleus uneatus

- Tractus pinothalamicusateralis- Tractus pinothalamicus nterior- Tractus pinoreticularis- Tractus pinotectalis- Tractus pinoolivaris

(Fasciculusanterolateralis)

N spinalis

Ganglion ensoriumnervi pinalis

Fasciculus racilis

Fasciculus uneatus

Nucleus entralis

F i g .613 P a t h w a y s o r e p i c r i t i c b t u e ) nd p r o t o p a t h i c g r e e n ) e n s i b i t i t y.

Ascending athwaysPathway or epicritic ensibitity tactite pathwayllPrec i se i ffe ren t ia t ionfpressure nd ouch)1 . n e u r o n u n c r o s s e d ]

F r o m e c e p t o r s e x t e r o c e p t o r s ]n he s k i n n d h e m u c o s a , s w e L Ls h e p e r i o s t e u m ,h e o i n t s nd h e m u s c L es p i n d l e s t c , o h e c u n e a t e n dg r a c i L e u c L e u sn h e m e d u L L ab L o n g a t a : g r a c i t en d u n e a t e a s c i c u L u sp e r i k a r y ai n h e s p i n a L a n g L i a ) :e s c e n d i n g o l L a t e r a L ss e e i g . 1 2 )

2 neuron crossed]F r o m h e m e d u t l a b [ o n g a t ac u n e a t e n d r a c i L eu c l e u s lo h e h a t a m u s m e d i a L l e m n i s c u s ,e r i k a r y an h ec u n e a t e n dg r a c i L e u c L e u s ]

3 n e u r o n u n c r o s s e d ] r o m h e h a l a m u s o h e c e r e b r a L c o r t e x ,a r t i c u t a r l yo h e p o s t c e n t r a L g y r u st h a L a m o c o r t i c a Lf i b r e s , e r i k a r y an h e h a L a m u s l

Pathway or protopathic ensibitity pain pathwayfIPain, em eratu e , generaI ressure ensa t ion)1 n e u r o n u n c r o s s e d ]

From eceptors ex te rocep tors ]f he sk inand he mucosa tc, , o he poster ior orn, aminae -V perikaryan hes p i n a L g a n g L i a )

2 neuron crossed , ome ibres ossibLyncrossed]F r o m h e p o s t e r i o r o r n o h e h a L a m u s ,n h e e t i c u L a ro r m a t i o n n d o h e m i d b r a i ne c t u m a n t e r i o r n d a t e r a Ls p i n o t h a L a m i cr a c t s , p i n o r e t i c u t a rr a c t , p i n o t e c t a l t r a c t ;e r i k a r y an h e p o s t e r i o r o l u m n l

3 n e u r o n u n c r o s s e d lF r o m h e h a L a m u s m o n g o t h e r s o t h e c e r e b r a L c o r t e x , a r t i c u L a r Lyo t h e p o s t c e n t r a L g y r u s t h a L a m o c o r t i c a Ii b r e s ,p e r i k a r y a n h e h a L a m u s )



entr ictes Topography Sect ions Spinal o rd Pathways

Pedunculus erebellaris uDerior

Vermis cerebelli


Tractus pinocerebellaris osterior

Nucleus horacicusposterior

Tractus oinocerebellaris nterior

Cornu nterius Tractus pinoolivaris

N spinalis

F i g . 6 11 P a t h w a y s or unconsc ious eep e n s i b i L i t y.

Ascending athwaysPathway or unconscious eep sensibitityIUnconsc ious ,u t precise pa t iaL i ffe ren t ia t ions a prerequisi teor movement oordinat ion y he cerebe t tum]

Via he anterior erebet lar ract'1 neuron uncrossed]From eceptors proprioceptorsln muscLes ,endons, nd he connec t ivei ssue o he nucLei f he ntermediate onea n d h e a n t e r i o r o [ u m n p e r i k a r y an h e s p i n a L a n g t i a )

2 neuron crossed]From he anterior ornwi th in he anterior pinocerebe[[arrac t of he antero[ateraLrac t o he cerebe| 'Lumia hes u p e r i o r e r e b e L L a re d u n c L ep e r i k a r y an h e n t e r m e d i a t e o n e n d h e a n t e r i o r o r n J .

Via he poster ior erebet tar rac t1 neuron uncrossed]

From nd organs proprioceptorsln muscLes ,endons, nd he connec t ivei ssue o he nuctei f he poster ior oLumna n d h e h o r a c i c u c L e u sp e r i k a r y an h e s p i n a L a n g t i a )

2. neuron uncrossed]From he poster ior ornand he horacic ucLeus i thin he poster ior pinocerebet larrac t of he a te ra I rac t ot h e c e r e b e t l u m i a h o n f o r i n r a n a h o l l r r^ d u n c [ e p e r i k a r y an h e h o r a c i c u c t e u s n d t h e b a s e f h e p o s t e r i o rc o L u n l

Pathways



Bl.ood esseIs C r a n i a I a s e CraniaI erves Meninges Parts f he

Gyrus recentralis

Fibrae corticospinales

Corpus striatum

Thalamus

Substantia igra

Nuclei ontis

Fibrae oontocerebellares

Tractus ulboreticulosoinalistc

Cornu nterius

Radix nteriorImotoria]

Thalamus

(Tractus ubrothalamicus)

Nucleus uber

(Tractus erebellorubralis)

Cerebellum, ucleus entatus

- Tractus ubrospinalis- Tractus eticulospinalis- Tractus estibulospinalis- Tractus ectospinalis

N spinalis

Fig. 615 Pathways f the motor system.* M o t o r u c t e i fc r a n i a I e r v e s

Descending athwaysT h e m o t o r y s t e m o m p r i s e s L a rg e u m b e r f n u c L e a re g i o n s n d r a c t s . h e m o t o rf i n a L p a t h "r e h e m o t o n e u r o n sD e s p i t eh e e x t r a o r d i n a r yo m p t e x i t yf h e s e i r c u i t s ,h e r a d i t i o n a L o rg a n i s a t i o ni L l em a i n t a i n e do r d i d a c t i ce a s o n sISo-ca t led l yramidaIract1 [cen t raL]euron crossed)

From he cerebraL ortex hrough he nternaL apsuLe nd he cerebra I edunc les o nterneurons i thin he anteriora n d p o s t e r i o r o I u m n [ a t e r a L c o r t i c o s p i n a L t r a c t ,n t e r i o r o r t i c o s p i n a Ir a c t , e r i k a r y an h e p r e c e n t r a L g y r u s ) .B r a n c h i n g f fo f i b r e s o h e n u c l e i f h e c r a n i a L n e r v e sc o r t i c o n u c L e a ri b r e s n d b u L b a r o r t i c o n u c t e a ri b r e s J .

2 [peripheraLleuron motor nd pa thway, -motoneurons]From he anterior orn o he motor nd pta tes f he ske te ta I uscu ta ture motoneurons, er ikaryan he anteriorn o r n J

ISo-ca t ledJ xtrapyramidaLotor ys tem1 centraL eurons crossed nd uncrossed]

From he cerebraI or tex , a r t i cuLar lyhe precentraL yrus nd he adjacen t ort icaLreas ncLudingynapses o heb a s a L g a n g I i a ,h a L a m u s ,u b t h a [ a m i c u c t e u s , ed n u c l e u s , u b s t a n t i a i g r a , e r e b e [ L u m ,t c . n d e e d b a c k o o p sot h e n t e r n e u r o n s f h e a n t e r i o r o L u m nr u b r o s p i n a L t r a c t ,e d i a L n dL a i e r a Le s t i b u t o s p i n a L t r a c t ,e t i c u L o s p i n a Lr a c t ,t e c t o s p i n a Lr a c t ) .

2. peripheraI euron motor nd pa thway, -motoneurons]From he anterior orn o he motor nd-pLates f he ske te ta I uscLes motoneurons; er ikaryan he anterior orn]



Ventrictes Topography S e c t i o n s SpinaI ord Pathways

F i g , 6 1 6 D y s f u n c t i o n a I c u t a n e o u s i n n e r v a t i o nu ec e r t a i n , r e q u e n t [ y f f e c t e d p i n a I e r v e s

to paLsy f Fig. 617 Comptete araplegiat h o r a c i c e g m e n tP a r a Ly s i s f h e c o m p L e t e o t o r

at the leveIof the eleventh

and sensory ystem.

F i g .5 1 8 P a r a l y s i s f h e r a c t s o f h e r i g h t p o s t e r i o r u n i c u t u sa t t h e L e v e l f h e e l e v e n t h h o r a c i c e g m e n t .Loss o f i n e a c t i t e e n s a t i o n s w e t I a s [ o s s o f s e n s e f p o s i t i o nand v i b r a t i o n r o u g h o u c h e n s a t i o n e m a i n s u n c t i o n a t ] .

F i g .619 H e m i p L e g i aB R o W N - S E Q U A R D ju e o d i s r u p t i o n ft h e h a L f f h e s p i n a I o r d o n h e r i g h t s i d e a t t h e e v e I f h ee L e v e n t hh o r a c i c e g m e n t .0 n t h e r i g h ts i d e i p s i L a t e r a t t y ) :oss o f m o t o r u n c t i o n i n i t i a l . t yf t a c c i d , a t e r p a s t i c l ; oss o f i n e a c t i t e e n s a t i o n s w e I L s[ o s s o f s e n s e f p o s i t i o n nd v i b r a t i o n r o u g h ouch e n s a t i o nr e m a i n s u n c t i o n a U .0 n t h e L e f t i d e c o n t r a L a t e r a t t y ) :oss of p a i n a n d e m p e r a t u r es e n s a t r o .



LacrimaI ppar

(Sulcus alpebralis uperio0

Angulus culi ateralis

Supercilium (Raphe alpebralisateralis)

Sulcus clerae

Papilla acrimalis(superior)

Tunica onjunctivapalpebrarum

Punctum acrimale: Paoillalacrimalis (superior)

Tunicaconjunctivabulbi

Carunculalacrimalis

Angulus culimedialis

Carunculalacrimalis

Plicasemilunaris

conjunctivae

Angulus culilateralis;

Commissuralateralis

palpeDrarum

Rimaparpeorarum

Citiae

Tunica onjunctivabulbi

Fornix onjunctivaeinferior

Tunica onjunctivaparpeorarum

Limbus osteriorpalpebrae

Limbus nteriorpalpebrae

Palpebra nferior(Sulcus alpebronasalis)

Angulus culimedialis; ommissura edialis

Fig.620 Eyetids,Palpebrae.

Sulcus clerae

PupillaPlica emilunarisconjunctivae

Palpebra nferiorLimbus osterior alpebrae Papilla acrimalisinferior)

Limbus nterior

Fig.621 Eye, Ocutus, nd eyel.ids, alpebrae.

Limbus nterior alpebrae Limbus osterior alpebrae

Plica emilunaris oniunctivaePunctum acrimale

Papilla acrimalis inferiooCaruncula acrimalis

Lacus acrimalis Punctum acrimale;Papilla acrimalis inferior)

F i g . 6 2 3 E y e , O c u [ u s , n d e y e t i d s , a t p e b r a e .E v e r s i o n f h e u p p e r e y e t i d e x t r o p i o n i s a t i o n Js h i n d e r e db y h e s t i f f n e s s f h e a r s u s , u t c a n b e a c i t i t a t e d i t ht h e a i d o f a s m a t l h o o k .

Eyelids

F i g . 6 2 2 E y e , O c u l u s , n d e ye l i d s , a l p e b r a e .



Musctes f he eye Eyebatl. CIptie athway TopnEraphy

lvlargo upraorbitalis Foramen up raor bit ale * I ncis ur a rontalis*Os sphenoidale, la minor

Fossa landulae acrimalis

Os rontale, roc zygomaticus

Os sphenoidale,Alamajor, acies rbitalis

Margo ateralis

Os zygomaticum, roc rontalis


Os zygomaticum, acies rbitalis

Foramen ygomaticofaciale

Fissura rbitalisnferior

Sulcus nf aorbitalisCanalis nf aorbitalis

Margo nfraorbitalis

Os rontale. ars rbitalis . acies rbitalis

Fovea trochlearis

Canalis opticus

Foramen ethmoidale posterius

Foramen ethmoidale anterius

Margo medialis

Os lacrimale

Sulcus acrimalis

Crista acrimalis nterior

Fossa sacci lacrimalis

Crista acrimalis osterior


Incisura acrimalis

Os ethmoidale, Lamina orbitalis

Os palatinum, Proc orbitalis

Foramen nfraorbitale Maxilla,Facies orbitalis

F i g . 6 2 1 0 r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;obLique i e w r o m a t e r a t .+These tructures an be present s

f o r a m i n a r n o t c h e s .

Os ethmoidale, Lamina orbitalis

Fissura rbitalis uperiorCanalis pticus

Foramina ethmoidaliaanterius et posterius

Os sphenoidale,Ala minor


Os nasale

Os lacrimale


Canalisnasolacrimalis

Facies )orbitalis I

I vaxittaCorpusmaxillae

l/argo lateralis

Foramen zygomaticoorbitale

': Fissura rbitalis uperior

Fissura rbitalisinferior

Os zygomaticum,Facies rbitalis

Alamaior I Os sphenoidaleCorpus J

pterygopalatina

Os sphenoidale,Proc

pterygoideus


Fissura terygomaxillaris

Maxilla, acies rbitalis

os patatinm orutt"'"ti""'I Proc. rbitalis

Sinus maxillaris

F i g . 6 2 5 M e d i a t w a t L , a r i e sm e d i a t i s ,n f t h o n r h i + f l r h i + r .

lateraI view.

Sinus maxillaris

Canalis nfraorbitalis

Fig.626 LateraI wa[t , Paries atera[is ,of h e o r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;m e d i a I i e w



:r rr r . , , , , ,, . i t : r i . r . at ' , r , r a , . , . r. r r r r . r r r , .

t Eye

Eyelids

M orbicularis culi,Pars alpebralis

L4 evatorlabii uperioris

alaeque asl

M orbicularis culi,Pars rbitalis

lvl. evatorlabii uperioris

M zygomaticusmtnor

M,zygomaticusmaJor

) 11 9 , 1 2 0 , 1a , c ,d ,e

5urface Skele ton Eyetids LacrimaI ppar

M procerus M,corrugator upercilii

Os nasale

Lig palpebralemediale

M orbicularis culi,Pars rbitalis

l\illevatorlabii uperiorisataeque asl

M. nasalis

M levatorlabii uperioris

M.zygomaticusmalor

M zygomaticusmtnor

M orbicularis ris,Pars marginalis lvl deDressor seDti nasi M levator nguli ris

F i g . 6 2 l F a c i a I m u s c l e s , M m . a c i e i .

M occioitofrontalis.enter rontalis lvl depressor upercilii

Glandula acrimaiis,Pars rbitalis

Tarsus uperior

(Raphe palpebralislateralis); ig

palpebrale aterale

M levator anguli oris

Fornixconjunctivae

supeflor

M levator alpebrae uperioris

Tarsus nferior

lvl obliquus uperior, endo



Saccus acrimalis


Rima alpebrarum

Fornix conjunctivaeinferior

lV1 bliquus nferior

F i g . 6 2 8 0 r b i t a L p e n i n g , d i t u s r b i t a L i s , i t h e y e l . i d s ,P a t o e b r a e .



Muscles f the eye Eyebatt 0pticpathway Topography

l/ orbicularis culi,Pars palpebralis

Facies anterior +ParPEerdv

Limbus nterior alpebrae

F i g . 6 2 9 U p p e r e y e t i d , a t p e b r a u p e r i o r ;p h o t o g r a p h f a m i c r o s c o p i c p e c i m e n ;a z a n t a r n ;s a g i t t a I e c t i o n , m a g n i f i e d .* C t i n i c a Ie r m :M E l B 0 M i a nt a n d s

Tarsus uperior

Eyelids, tructure

Tunica onjunctiva alpebrarum

Tarsus uperior

Glandulae arsales*

+ Facies posterior palpebrae

Limbusposteriorpalpebrae

M. orbicularis culi,Pars alpebralis

Glandulae arsales

Angulus culimedialis

Commissura edialispalpebrarum

Glandulae arsales

Angulus culi ateralis

Commissura ateralispalpebrarum

Rima alpebrarum

Tarsus nferior

F i g . 6 3 0 E y e l ' i d s , a t p e b r a e ;t r a n s t u c e n t pec imen l t u s t r a t i n gh e e x c r e t o r y u c t u l e so f h e a r s a I Lands ;oosterior iew.



r Eye

Lacrimal apparatus

M levator palpebraesuperioris, Tendo

Ductuli xcretorii

Septum rbitale

Glandula acrimalis. ars rbitalis

Palpebra uperior

Palpebra nterior

R. communicans um nervo ygomatico

Surface Sketeton Eyetids Lacrimal pparatu

Septum rbitale

Tarsus uperior

Lig. palpebrale mediale

Maxilla, roc rontalis

Tarsus nferior

F i g .6 3 1 0 r b i t a I o p e n i n g , d i t u s r b i t a t i s , i t h e y e l . i d s ,P a l p e b r a e , n d a c r i m a t [ a n d ,G t a n d u [ a a c r i m a [ i s .

N lacrimalis

A. lacrimalis

Fig.632 Innervation f the acrimat gLand,G t a n d u [ a a c r i m a t i s ;mediaI iew.

R. communicans um nervo ygomatico

Sutura phenozygomatica

M. rectus ateralis

N. opticus ll

Foramen ygomaticoorbitale





M obliquus uperior, rochlea

Surface Skeleton Eyel.ids l -acrimaI ppar

M obliquusnferior

l\4 rectus uperior

M rectus ateralis

M rectusmedialis

M rectus nlerior

M obliquus uperior

M. evator alpebrae uperiorisAnulus endineus ommunis

Fig . 36 Ext ra -ocu lar usc tes , m. x te rn i u tb i ;s c n e m a ;supeflor rew.

M orbitalis M levator alpebrae uperioris

Os rontale


Lacertusmusculi ecti ateralis

Os sphenoidale, Ala major

M rectus ateralis

N oculomotoriuslll, R inferior

N infraorbitalis

M obliquus uperior

N opticus ll

M rectus medialis


N opticus ll, Vagina xterna

M rectus nferior

Periorbita

F i g . 6 3 7 E x t r a - o c u [ a r u s c t e s , M m e x t e r n i u l b i ;a n t e r i o r i e w.



Muscles f the eye

Extra-ocular uscles

M rectus ateralis

M obliquus uperior,Tendo

M rectusmedialis

Tunica onjunctiva ulbi

M rectus nferior

F i g .6 3 8 E x t r a - o c u l a r usc les , M m . e x t e r n i u [ b i .

M. rectus uperior

M rectusmedialis

M.obliquus nferior

M. ectus ateralis

M rectus ateralis

M obliquus nferior

N opticus ll l

M.obliquus nlerior

Fig . 39 Ext ra -ocu[ar usc tes , m. x te rn i u tb i ;oosterior iew.

M rectus uperior

M obliquus uperior,Tendo

M. ectus nferior N opticus ll

Fig . 40 Ext ra -ocu ta r usc les , m. x te rn i u tb i ;poster ior-superioriew.



Extra-ocular uscles

M. rectus ateralis

N. opticus ll l

Os sphenoidale,

Ala major

Margo upraorbitalis

Os rontale,Proc zygomaticus

Glandula acrimalis,Pars rbitalis

M rectus ateralis, endo

Margo lateralis

M obliquus nlerior, endo


M rectus uperior


F i g , 6 11 2 E x t r a - o c u [ a r u s c L e s , mo b t i o u e i e w o m a n t e r i o r.


M rectus nferior

Fossa nfratemooralis


Fig.611 Extra-ocular usc tes , m. x te rn i u lb i ;[ateraI iew.

M rectus uoerior. endo

Surface Sketeton EyeLids Lacrimat ppa

Periorbita

M obliquus nferior

Sinusmaxillaris

M obliquus uperior, endo

M. rectusmedialis, endo


Margomedialis

M obliquus nferior

Margo nfraorbitalis

Os zygomaticum

e x t e r n i u I b i ;



M obliquussupenor,

Tendo

Extra-ocular uscles

M obliquus uperior, rochlea

Bulbus culi

M. levatorpalpebraesupenons

M levatorparpe0raesupenofls

Glandulalacrimalis,

Pars rbitalis

Corpusadrposum

orbitae

M obliquussupenor

M obliquussupeflor,Tendo

Os sphenoidale,Alamajor

M rectusmedialis

M. rectus ateralisM rectus

lateralis

M rectussupenor

l\il. evator alpebrae uperioris

M rectus uperior

M obliquus uperior

N opticus ll l

M rectus ateralis

M rectusmedialis

M rectus nferior

Lens

Bulbus culi, orpus itreum

M rectus ateralis

N opticus ll l

M. ectusmedialis

Chiasma pticum N. opticus ll l

Fig, 43 Extra-o cuLar usc tes , m. x te rn i uLbi ;suDef lortew.

F i g . 6 11 E x t r a - o c u t a r u s c l e s ,M m . e x t e r n i u t b i ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l ) ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n h r o u g h h e m i dd L e f h e o r b i t ;a n t e r i o r i e w

M. rectus uperior

lvl obliquus uperiorM levator alpebrae uperioris

Lobus rontalis, yri rbitales

Paries uperior

Paries medialis

Paries ateralis

Cellulae thmoidales

Paries nferior

Sinus maxillaris

Cavitas asi

Paries medialis

Cellulae thmoidales

Paries ateralis

Canalis pticus

Lobus emporalis

F i g . 6 4 5 E y e b a l . t , u l b u s c u L i , n d e x t r a - o c u t a r u s c t e s ,M m . e x t e r n i u t b i .m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i c m a g e M R l l ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n t h e e v e I f h e o p t i c n e r v e :s u p e f l o r r e w.



Dimensions f he eyebattlAverage a[ues ccording o the anatomic nd ophtha[mol.ogic

Macula lutea, Fovea centralisPolus osterior ulbi

Spatium ntervaginale ubarachnoidale

* CtinicaI erm: BOWMAN's embrane** C t i n i c a Ie r m : D E S o E M E T ' se m b r a n e***C t i n i c a Ie r m : c a n a I f S c H L E M M

l i terature)

R a d i u s f c u r v a t u r e f h e s c t e r aR a d i u s f c u r v a t u r e f h e c o r n e a

Power of the entire ey eI d i s t a n c e i s i o n ]P o w e r f h e c o r n e aP o w e r f h e e n s d i s t a n c e i s i o n l

I n t e r p u p i L l a r yi s t a n c e

Choroidea

1 3 . 0 m7 8 m m

59dioptres

43 dioptres19dioptres

6 1 - 6 9 m

LacrimaI ppar

Eyeball, tructure

rri"Facies nterior

[Facies posterior\

Epithelium nteriusCamera nterior ulbi

Axlsexternus ulbiVertex orneae: olus nterior ulbi

Polus nterior entisLamina imitans nterior

Lamina imitans osterior*

'''t,,'rbu"

"orn"u"Angulus ridocornealisSinus enosus clerae **

Tunica onjunctiva

CorneaReticulumrabeculare


Camera osterior ulbi

Orbiculus iliaris

Spatium erichoroideum

Fibrae ircularesl- Fibrae lM

ciliaris. meridionales /

Pars ciliarisretinae

Excavatio disci

Lamina cribrosa sclerae

Vagina xterna ervi optici

Fig.61,6 Eyebal.t, utbus cuti;schemat ic or izon ta Iec t ion t he Level f heex i t f he oot ic e rve .

E x t e r n a I u t b a r x i s ,A x i se x t e r n u s u L b iI n t e r n a I u L b a r xis ,A x i s n t e r n u s u l b iThickness f h e c o r n e aD e p t h f h e a n t e r i o r h a m b e r

Thickness f h e en sD i s t a n c e e t w e e n ens and e t i n aT h i c k n e s s f h e r e t i n a

2 4 0 m m

2 2 . 5 m m

0 5 m m3 6 m m

3 . 6m m'15 6 mm0 3 m m

PolusDosteriorlentis Ura serrala

Pars optica etinae

Camera ostrema vitrea] ulbi;Corpus itreum



Circulus rteriosusiridisminor

Blood essels f the eveball

Sinus enosus clerae*

Circulus rteriosus ridismajor

V conjunctivalis nterior

A conjunctivalisnterior

A. ciliaris nterior

Ora serrata

A. ciliaris osterioronga

V vorticosa

Lamina choroidocaoillaris

Lamina vasculosa *

V. ciliarisantenor

Vasa anguinea etinae

Choroidea

V centralis etinae

A centralis etinae

V episcleralisA episcleralis

A ciliaris osteriorongaAa ciliares osteriores reves

F i g . 5 1 7 B t o o d e s s e l s f h e e y e b a t t , uLbus cu t , .* C [ i n i c a Ie r m : a n a t o f cH L E M M* *C t i n i c a Ie r m : v e a

Layers of the eyebat[, unicae utbi

Fibrous tayer of the eyebatl, Tunica fibrosa bul.bi- C o r n e a , o r n e a p r o n o u n c e d u r v a t u r e , r a n s l u c e n t ]- S c [ e r a , c t e r a L e s s e r u r v a t u r e , p a q u e ; L u i s h - w h i t e n

i n f a n c y, e l l o w i s h - w h i t en senescenceJ

Vascular ayer of the eyeba[[, Tunica vasculosa butbi- l r i s , r i s ,w i t h h e c e n t r a I i r c u t a r p e n i n g , h e p u p i l ,

Pu piLl.a- C i t i a r y o d y,C o r p u s i t i a r e , i t h h e c i t i a r ym u s c L e ,

M c i t i a r i s ,h e c i t i a r y r o c e s s , r o c e s s u s i L i a r i s ,h ec i [ i a r y o n u L e , o n u l a i I i a r i s , i t h h e z o n u t a r i b r e s ,F i b r a e o n u L a r e s , n d h e z o n u t a r paces ,C ^ - + ; ^ - ^ ^ , , 1 - - ; ^J P o L r o 4 u r r u L o r r o

- C h o r o i d . h o r o i d e a

lnner tayer of the eyebaU, retinal, Tunica nterna butbi (Retinal- N o n v i s u a I e t i n a , a r s a e c a e t i n a e f r o m he p u p i L L a r y - i r i d i a l

m a rg i n ,M a rg o u p i t L a r i sr i d i s , o t h e o r a s e r r a t a , 0 r a e r r a t a ll r i d i a L a r t o f h e r e t i n a , a r s r i d i c a e t i n a e s i n g | . e - L a y e r e d ,h e a v i t y i g m e n t e d ) , i t i a r y a r t of h e r e t i n a , a r s i I i a r i sr e t i n a e s i n g [ e - L a y e r e d ,n p i g m e n t e d l

- 0 p t i c p a r t o f h e r e t i n a , a r s o p t i c a e t i n a e s t r a t i f i e d J1 n e u r o n : i s i o n e I t s r o d e t t s b r i q h t n e s s :

c o n e e l L s c o L o u r l2 n e u r o n : i p o L a r a n g I i o n e l [ sw i t h i n h e r e t i n a

{gangLionf h e r e t i n a , G a n g L i o ne t i n a e J3 n e u r o n : m u L t i - p o t a r angLion e I t s o p t i c a n g I i o n ,

G a n g L i o n p t i c u m i , hose ong axons o r m h e o p t i cn e r v e n d c o n t i n u e n he o p t i c r a c t



\ l

lto'n""

Stroma ridis

M sphincter upillae

Camera osterior

Camera nterior

Facies osterior, pithelium osterius

Facies nterior. oithelium nterius

Substantia roDria orneae

Sinus enosus clerae*

Angulus ridocornealis

Beticulumrabeculare

Lens,Polus anterior

M ciliaris

zonulares zonularia

-l--^---

Corpus iliareIzonur"itiu,.i.--

F i g .6 4 8 E y e b a t L , uLbus cu t i ;s c h e m a t i c o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e e v e I ft h e p u p i t .* C l i n i c a Le r m : a n a I f S c H L E M M**C [ i n i c a Ie r m : o n u [ e fZ I N N

Lens, Facies anteriorlris,Margo upillaris

Procc,ciliares

Anulus ridisminor

F i g . 6 4 9 l r i s , r i s , and p u p i t ,P u p i l . l . a ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e s c t e r a n d c o r n e a :a n t e r i o r i e w.

Beticulumrabeculare

lris,Facies nterior

Anulusiridismajor

Lacr imaI ppa

Ciliary ody nd ri s



Musctes f he eye

Margo upillaris

Lens, acies nterior

Procc. iliares

Plicae ciliares

F i g . 6 5 0 r i s , r i s ;a f te r emovaI f hecornea;anterior iew.

Anulus ridisminor

Anulus ridismajor

Reticulumrabeculare

Margo ciliaris

Pars ridica etinae

Pars ciliaris etinae

F i g . 6 5 1 r i s , r i s ;posterior iew.

Fibrae onulares: oatia onularia

Cornea, acies posterior

lris.Facies osterior

Fig . 52 l r i s , r i s ;sec t ion f Fig. 51;posterior iew.

Pars optica etinae

Orbiculus iliarisPlicae ciliares

Procc ciliares



Lacr imaI ppa

Facies nterior Polus nterior

Polus osterior

Fig .654 Lens , ens ;viewed om he equator.

Facies osterior

F i g . 6 5 3 L e n s , e n s ;anterior iew.

F i g . 6 5 5 L e n s , e n s ;o b t i q u e i e w r o m a n t e r i o r

Aequator+

Fig .656 Lens , ens ;schema f he ens bres n a neonate:v iewedrom he equator.







Muscles CIfhe eye Eyebatt ff i6rt icathwmy Topography

Vagina nterna

Vagina externa

Periorbita

Anulusendineus ommunis

Dura mater cranialis

F i g . 6 5 1 0 p t i c e r v e , . o p t i c u sl l J ;t h e p t i c a n a I a s e e n p e n e d ;viewed rom he ight .

M levator alpebraesupenofls

M rect us uperior

N opticus ll ,Pars rbitalis

A ophthalmica


M rectus ateralis

M rectus nferior

Sinus rontalis

Corpus iliare

Palpebra uperior

Lens

Camera nterior

Palpebra nferior

Bulbus culi,Camerapostrema vitrea]

F i g . 6 6 2 0 r b i t , O r b i t a ;m a g n e t i c e s o n a n c e o m o g r a p h i cm a g e M R l ) ;v e r t i c a L e c t i o n [ o n g h e o p t i c n e r v e ;v i e w e d o m he r i g h t .

N opt icusll ,Pars canalis

N opticus ll ,Pars ntracranialis

Hypophysis

Chiasma pticum

Tractus pticus

A ophthalmica

A carotis nterna,Pars erebralis

Sinus avernosus


l\4 ectus uperior


N opticus ll

M rectus nterior

Sinus phenoidalis

Sinusmaxillaris





Muscles f he eye Eyebatt Optic athway Topography

Common isual ieldVisual ieldof the ett eyeVisual ield f he ight yeProjection n the eft etinaProjection n he right etina

1 a

N. opticus ll

Chiasma pticum

Fig.554 0ptic pathway;schematic verview;su0enor r e w.The c e n t r a I i s i o n e t d has ad i s p r o p o r t i o n a t Lya rg e r o j e c t i o n e t d .

* Ptane f refraction f ight

3b

'1'1 a1 b2a2b

Bulbus culi

Ganglion ciliare

A carotis nterna, A. ophthalmica

Projection on the left calcarine cortexProiection n the rioht calcarine ortexCoriscious visual fi6ld as a result of theintegrative achievement of the brain

Ganglion ervicalesupenus

Tractus pticus

N oculomotoriusllll

Corpus geniculatumaterale

Radiatio optica

Colliculus uperior

Sulcus alcarinus

3a3b



N suoraorbitalis. medialis':

N supratrochlearis


R meningeus nterior

A ethmoidalis nterior

l\4obliquus uperior f

N nasociliaris

A ophthalmica

N frontalis

N trochlearisVl

N ophthalmicusVi1]

Canalis pticus

N opticus ll ,l

A ophthalmica

A carotis nterna

N oculomotoriuslll :

N trochlearisvl ,t

N abducens Vl] ,

R tentorius

666

Sr:rfase SketetonHyetidsl . -acrimaI ppar

a A supraorbitalis

t N suoraorbitalis. l lateralis

o [4 levator alpebrae uperioris

Glandula acrimalis,Pars orbitalis

t M rectus superior

a A lacrimalis

, N lacrimalis

o lvl rectus lateralis

, N abducens Vl ]

x N maxillaris V/2]

O A meningea edia

, N mandibularisV/3],R meningeus

, N mandibularisV/3]

r, Ganglion rigeminale

;, N trigeminus V]

,- , F i g . 6 6 5 A r t e r i e s nd n e r v e s f t h e o r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;s u 0 e n o r r e w.



Muscles f he eye Eyebatt 0ptic pathway Topography

A supraorbitalis

N supraorbitalis, . medialis

N. supratrochlearis

A. ophthalmica

M.obliquus uperior

N oculomotoriusllll,R. superior

N. opticus llla

A. ophthalmica

A carotis nterna

N oculomotoriuslll a

N trochlearis V] a

N abducens Vl]

a N supraorbitalis, . ateralis

O M levator alpebrae uperioris

Glandula acrimalis, ars rbitalis

O M. rectus uperior

a A. acrimalis

a N. acrimalis

a Ganglion iliare

a N. abducens Vl ]

a M rectus ateralis

a N nasociliaris

a N ophthalmicusV/11

a N maxillaris V/21

o N. mandibularisV/3]

o Ganglion rigeminale

o N trigeminusV]

F i g . 6 6 5 A r t e r i e s nd n e r v e s f h e o r b i t ,O r b i t a ;after removaI f the roof of the orbit :SUOeflOr teW.





Musctes

a M. evator alpebrae uperioris

a M. ectus uDerior

M obliquus uperior,Trochlea

M.obliquus uperior, endo

M obliquus uperior

R meningeus nterior

N intratrochlearis

ethmoidalis nterior

ethmoidalis nterior

A ethmoidalis osterior

N ethmoidalis osterior

M rectusmedialis

A ophthalmica

M.obliquus uperior

M levator alpebraesupeflons

M. ect us uperior )

N opticus |] a

Canalis pticus

A. ophthalmica O

N, oculomotoriusllll

a

N

a M rectus ateralis

a N. opticus ll l

a M obliquus nferior

o M rectus nferior

O N zygomaticus

aA infraorbitalis

a N infraorbitalis

t N oculomotoriuslll, R. nferior

a M rectus ateralis

a N abducens Vl ]

a N maxillaris V/2]

t N. ophthalmicusV/1]

I N. mandibularisV/3]

N abducens Vl]a , N trigeminusV]

F i g .6 6 8 A r t e r i e s n d n e r v e s f h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;a f t e r s e c t i o n f he o p t i cnerve ;suoeflor vtew. 667



t Eye

Blood yessels of the orbit

Surface 5ke[eton Eyet idsLacr imaI ppa

A supraorbitalis

A supratrochlearis

A dorsalis as iA carotis nterna

A ophthalmica

Aa ciliaresposteriores

A lacrimalis

F i g . 6 6 9 A r t e r i e s f h e o r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;[ateraI iew.

F i g . 6 7 0 a , b Va r i a t i o n s f t h e o p h t h a t m i c r t e r y, . o p h t h a t m i c a ;S U p e f l o r t e w.

V nasofrontalisV supraorbitalis

F i g . 6 7 1 Ve i n s f h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;L a t e r a I v i e w.

N opticust l l l

\A carotis nterna

Sinus avernosus

V ophthalmica uperior



Muscles f the eye Eyebal.l. 0pticpathway Topography

R communicans um nervo ygomatico

Ganglion ciliare

N maxillarislvt2l

N zygomaticus

Ganglionpterygopalatinum

R communicanscum nervo aciali

M rectus medialis

Cellulae thmoidales

F i g . 6 7 2 O r b i t ,O r b i t a ;viewed rom the right.

F i g . 6 7 3 O r b i t , r b i t a ;h o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n ;s u p e f l o r r e w.



M epicranius

Supercilia

<- M orbicularis culi a

Fornix onjunctivae uperior

Palpebra uperior

Tarsus uperior

Cornea

Ci l i a

Palpebra nleriorTarsus nferior

Fornix onjunctivaenferior

ScleraSeptum orbitale


Maxilla

Os rontale


l\4 rectus uperior

Glandula acrimalis

M rectus ateralis, endo

Bulbus oculi. Sclera

Os zygomaticum


M r ectus inferior C

N zygomaticus

(V);A infraorbitalis O

N infraorbitalis

. . .Eyebatt | 0pt icpathway Topogra

Os rontale

Periorbita

& N frontalis

t M levator alpebrae uperioris

I M, rectus uperior

a A ophthalmica

Vagina xterna ervi optici

& N opticus ll

$ M rectus nferior

a M obliquusnferior

& N infraorbitalis

Sinus maxillaris

F i g .6 7 t + 0 r b i t , O r b i t a ;v e r t i c a I e c t i o n h r o u g h h e e ye b a [ [ n d he opt ic n e r v e ;m e d i a I i e w

O A supraorbitalis

& N supraorbitalis

a l\4. bliquus uperior

I M rectusmedialis

Os ethmoidale

Meatus asi uperior



Periorbila

Sinus maxillaris

F i 9 . 6 7 5 O r b i t , 0 r b i t a ;f ron ta I ec t ion t he eveI f heanterior iew.

p o s t e r i o r a r t o f h e e y e b a [ t ;

Os frontale

levator palpebrae superioris

M rectus uperiorA ophthalmica a

N lacrimalis a

N oculomotorius l], B. superior

V ophthalmica uperior

N abducens [Vl] 3,

M rectus ateralis

N opticus ll *Os zygomaticum

N oculomotoriusllll,R inferior

$ N frontalis .', N nasociliarisM I M obliquus uperior

& N trochlearisvl

f M rectusmedialis

Meatus asi uperior

Os ethmoidale



l\4 rectus nferior

(V);A infraorbitalisO a

F i g . 6 7 6 O r b i t , O r b i t a ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n t t h e e v e I f h e m i d d t e f h e e x t r a c r a n i a I

c o u r s e f h e o p t i c nerve ;a n l e n o r t e w.

6 N infraorbitalis

Sinus maxillaris



Os emporale

Ossicula uditus

Cavitas ympani

Labyrinthus estibularis

Labyrinthus ochlearis

Membrana ympanica

Tuba uditiva

Proc mastoideus

Canales emicirculares

Stapes

Cavitas ympani

Membrana ympanica

Proc styloideus

Fig.677 Ear,Auris.

N vestibulocochlearis Vll l l

F i g . 6 7 8 M i d d L e nd n n e r e a r, A u r i sm e d i a e t n t e r n a ;section rom Fig. 677;a n t e r i o r i e w.

Tuba uditiva





nner a r

Lig.auriculare uperius


Cauda helicis

F i g .681 A u r i c u [ a rm u s c t e s , M m .a u r i c u l a r e s .

M. helicis major

M. helicis minor

M obliquus uriculae

M transversus uriculae

Lig.auriculare osterius

Fig.682 Auricutar usc les , m. u r icu ta res .



External cousticmeatus nd ympanicmembrane

Caput mallei Lig mallei uperiusRecessus pitympanicus Os emporale

l\il tensor tympani

Os emporale, ars etrosa

N cochlearis

Ductus ochlearis

Recessusepitympanicus, ar scupularis

Chordatympanr


Cartilago uriculae


lvleatus custicus xternuscartilagineus

Tragi


Cartilago uriculae

M tensor ympani,Tendo

Membrana ympanica

Bulbus uperiorvenae ugularis

Os occipitale

Articulatioatlantooccipitalis

Plicamallearis osterior

Cellulae mastoideae

Prominentiamallearis

Striamallearis

Atlas

F i g .6 8 3 E x t e r n a I cous t icm e a t u s , M e a t u s c u s t i c u s x t e r nu s ;t y m p a n i c a v i t y, a v i t a s y m p a n i , n d cochLea , o c h t e a ;f r o n t a I e c t i o n ;p o s t e r i o r i e w.

Pars laccida'

Plica mallearisanterior

Meatus custicusexternus,

(Paries osterio0

Anulusfibrocartilagineus

Parstensa

Umbomembranae

rympanrcae

F i g .6 8 4 Ty m p a n i c e m b r a n e , M e m b r a n a y m p a n i c a ;n i n q c n n i e i m e n o .

lateraI view.* C L i n i c a Le r m : H R A P N E L L ' se m b r a n e**TypicaLtyccurringeftection f ight

Inorder o obtain compLete toscopic verv iew f hec u t a n e o u s u r f a c e f h e y m p a n i c e m b r a n e , h e e x t e r n a Ia c o u s t i c e a t u s u s tb e s t r e t c h e d yp u L L i n gh e a u r i c t eupwards nd pos te r io r [y.To ac i t i t a te r ieniat ion,he ympanic embrane s usuaLtyd i v i d e dn t o o u r u a d r a n t s l - V )

F i g .6 8 5 Ty m p a n i c e m b r a n e , M e m b r a n a y m p a n i c a ;q u a d r a n t c h e m a :L a t e r a t v i e w.

T h e o n g e r i a m e t e r f h e y m p a n i c e m b r a n e n h ea d u L ts ' 1 0 - 11 m , h e h o r t e r i a m e t e rs a p p r o x m mThe ight ource haracter is t icaLLyroducest r i a n g u [ a re f l e c t i o nf L i g h t t h e u m b o n h e e g i o no f q u a d r a n t l

\a l,z-



Inner ar I PathwaysI Topography

Caput mallei

Caput tapedis

Crus anterius

Collummallei

Fig . 86 Mal teus , a t l eus ;

[ateraLview.

Fig.587 Ma[[eus, atleus;

anterior iew.

Caput mallei

Collummallei

(Facies articularis)

Manubrium allei

F i g .6 8 8 M a L t e u s , a t l e u s ;oosterior iew.

F i g . 6 9 0 n c u s , n c u s ;mediaI iew.

(Facies rticularis)

Proc. ateralis

Corpus ncudis

Crus breve

F i g . 6 8 9 I n c u s , n c u s ;lateraI iew

Proc enticularis

Crus posterius

Crusbreve

F i g . 5 9 1 S t a p e s , S t a p e s ;supeflor vrew.

Basis tapedis



> Ear

Auditory ssicles

Caput mallei

Proc lateralis

Manubrium mallei

Crus anterius

F i g . 6 i 2 A u d i t o r y s s i c t e s , s s i c u L a u d i t u s ;s u o e r o m e d i a I i e w.

F i g ,6 9 3 J o i n t s n d i g a m e n t s f h e a u d i t o r y s s i c t e s ,A r t i c u l a t i o n e s t L i g a m e n t a s s i c u [ o r u m u di t u s ;c o v e r e d i t h m u c o s a;s u o e r o m e d i a I v i e w

Overview Outer ar I Middte

Articulationcudomallearis

Corpus ncudis

Crus breve

Crus ongum

Articulatio ncudostapedialis

Crusposterius

Basis tapedis

Proc anterior

Recessus epitympanicus

Lig mallei aterale

Articulatio ncudomallearis

Lig mallei anterius

M tensor ympani, Tendo

Manubrium mallei

Membrana ympanica

Lig incudis osterius

Chorda ympani

A tympanica osterior

Articulatioincudostapedialis

l\4stapedius, endo

Membrana tapedialis

Lig anulare tapediale

Anulus brocartilagineus



Innerear I Pathways I Topography

Lig.mallei uperius

Paries egmentalis,Pars upularis

Corpus ncudis

Lig mallei aterale

Recessus membranaetympanicae uperior

Chorda ympani


Stapes

Umbomembranae ympanicae

Membrana ympanica

Paries membranaceus

Paries egmentalis, ecessus pitympanicus

Chorda ympani;Plicamallearis nterior

Manubrium allei

Fig.594 Tympanic avity, Cavitas ympani;f r o n t a I e c t i o n :anterior view.

Fig.595 WatLs f the tympanic avity, Cavitas ympani;s c h e m a o r o r i e n t a t i o n .

M. ensor ympani,Tendo

M tensortympani

Proc. ochlearilormis

Promontorium

Cavitas ympani

Canalis aroticus


Paries mastoideus

Paries abyrinthicus

-\ 4a-'



> Ear

Tympanic avity

Cellulae mastoideae

Canalis nervi acialis

Antrummastoideum

Overview 0uter ear I Middt

Fenestra estibuli


Proc cochleariformis

lmpressiotrigeminalis

Ostium ympanicumtubae auditivae

Canalis caroticus

Fossula enestrae estibuli

Promontorium

Sulcus romontorii

Fossula enestrae cochleae

Fenestra cochleae

Subiculum romontorii


Paries abyrinthicus

F i g .6 9 6 M e d i a L w a t t , a r i e s a b y r i n t h i c u s ,f h e y m p a n i c a v i t y,C a v i t a s y m p a n i ;a f t e r e m o v a I f h e [ a t e r a L a t [ a n d h e a d j a c e n t a r t s o f h ea n t e r i o r n d s u p e r i o r a t L ,t h e a c i a L a n a I nd he caro t id a n a I a v e b e e n o p e n e d ;a n t e r o L a t e r a t v i e w.

Prominentia analis semicircularis ateralisAntrummastoideumEminentia pyramidalis

Prominentia analis nervi acialis

Fenestra estibuliCanalis nervi acialis

Proc cochleariformis

Cellulaemastoideae

Pariesmastoideus

Fossa ncudis

Sinus osterior

Meatus custicusexlernus

Sinus ympani

Subiculum romontorii

Semicanalis usculitensoris ympani

lmpressiotrigeminalis

Canalis aroticus

Septum analismusculotubarii

Ostium ympanicumtubae uditivae

Sulcus romontorii

Promontorium

Cellulae ympanicae

Fossula enestrae cochleae

Sulcus ympanicus

Proc styloideusProc mastoideus

F i g . 6 9 7 M e d i a L w a t l . ,a r i e s a b y r i n t h i c u s , f h e y m p a n i c a v i t y,f - r r r i + : c + r r m n r n i .

v e r t i c a I e c t i o n L o n g h e o n g i t u d i n a I x i so f h e p e t r o u s a r t oft h e e m p o r a I o n e :a n t e r o L a t e r a Ii ew



lnnerear I PathwaysI Topography

M tensor

Proc

tympani

lvlembranaympanica Proc lenticularis

F i g ,6 9 8 L a t e r a I w a | . t , a r i e s m e m b r a n a c e u s , ft h e y m p a n i c a v i t y, a v i t a s y m p a n i ;m e d i a I i e w.

l\4alleus, roc lateralis Incisura ympanica

Spina ympanica inorCol lum al le i

Tympanic

Plica mallearis anterior

Recessus pitympanicus

Caput mallei

Lig mallei uperius

Lig incudis uperius

Corpus ncudis

Chorda ympani

Incus, rus reve

Lig incudis osterius

Fossa ncudis

Incus, rus ongum

Plicamallearis osterior

N facialis Vll]

Spina ympanica ajor

Plica mallearis anterior; Chorda ympani

M tensortympani,Tendo

Manubrium allei

M tensortympani

Stapes

Incus. roc, enticularis

Septum analismusculotubarii

Tuba auditiva

Ostium ympanicum

tubae uditivae

Canalis aroticus


Plica mallearis posterior;Chorda ympani

Manubrium mal le i

Eminentia yramidalis

Incus, rus ongum

Fossula enestrae cochleae Promontorium

M stapedius, endo Anulus ibrocartilagineus

F i g .6 9 9 Ty m p a n i c a v i t y, a v i t a s y m p a n i ;a f t e r e m o v a L f h e y m p a n i c m e m b r a n e ;[ a t e r a L v i e w.



> Ear

Auditory ube

0verview | 0uter ear I Middte

Os palatinum, aminahorizonlalis

Os sphenoidale,Ala major,

Facies emporalis

LaminamedialisI Os sphenoidale,I Proc. otervooideus

Lamina ateralis./

Lamina ateralis )L Cartilago

.. .. I tubae auditivae- Lamtna meorails

F i g .7 0 0 C a r t i t a g e fexposed t t h e base ofi n f e r i o r i e w.

Os emporale,Pars etrosa

Condylus ccipitalis

t h e a u d i t o r y u b e , C a r t i l a g o u b a e u d i t i v a e ;t h e s k u [ L ;

M uvulae


Aponeurosis palatina

Proc pterygoideus,Hamulus terygoideus

pterygoideus

Foramen acerum

Foramen ovale

M tensor veli palatini, Origo


M levator veli palatiniLamina ateralis

I Cartilaoo tubaeI auditivie

Lamina medialis,

Fossa mandibularis

Semicanalis ubae auditivae

M. levator veli palatini, Origo

F i g ,7 0 1 L e v a t o r n d e n s o r e l ip a l a t i n im u s c t e s ,M m l e v a t o r t t en s o r e L i a L a t i n i ,n d h e c a r t i l a g eo f h e a u d i t o r y u b e , C a r t i t a g o u b a e u d i t i v a e .

Cartilago tubae auditivae

Canalis aroticus. oertura xterna



Inner ar I PathwaysI Topography

M tensor ympani

M tensor ympani,Fascia

Pars ssea ubaeauditivae

Tuba uditiva

(Tendo entralis)

Tunicamucosa

Cellulae pneumaticae

F i g . 7 0 2 A u d i t o r y u b e , Tu b a u d i t i v a ;c r o s s - s e c t i o n t t h e e v e [ f h e o s s e o u s a r t :[ateraI iew.

lmpressio rigeminalis

Duramater ranialis

Duramater ranialis Ganglion rigeminale

A carotis nterna

Facies osteriorpartispetrosae

Duramater ranialis

Cartilago tubae auditivae,Lamina lateralis

Plexusvenosusforaminisovalrss emporale,

Pars petrosa

Fissuraspnenopetrosa

M tensorvelipalatini

M levator veli palatini

F i g . 7 0 3 A u d i t o r y u b e , Tu b a u d i t i v a ;cross-section t the evet of the lateraI asoecto f h e c a r t i [ a g i n o u s a r t ;lateraI iew.

N. mandibularislv/31

Foramen

ovate

Plexus enosuscarottcusinternus

Tuba uditiva

M. tensor velipalatini

Tuba uditiva,Pars artilaginea,Laminamembranacea

M levator veli palatiniecessus haryngeus

Lamina medialis

Fig.7O4 Audi toryube, uba udit iva;c ross -sec t iont he eveL f he media I spec tof he cart i taginousar t ;l a te ra Iv iew.



Ear

Bony abyrinth

F i g . 7 0 5 I n n e r e a r, A u r i s n t e r n a , n d v e s t i b u L o c o c h L e a re r v e ,N v e s t i b u t o c o c hL e a r i sV l l l ] ;c a s t s p e c i m e n r o j e c t e d n t o h e p e t r o u s a r t of h e e m p o r a I o n ei l t u s t r a t i n gt s n a t u r a L o s i t i o n ;s u p e n o r t ew

F i g . 7 0 6 I n n e r e a r, A u r i s n t e r n a , i t h h e a c i a I e r v e , N . a c i a L i sV l l ] ,and he v e s t i b u L o c o c h [ e a re r v e ,N . v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e a r i sV l l l ] ;p r o j e c t e d n t o h e p e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a I o n e ;S U D C T I O T I E W

Overview Outer ar I Middl .

Cochlea

Canalis emicircularislateralis

Canalis emicircularisposterior


Foramen vale

Foramen pinosum

Synchondrosis phenopetrosa

N facialis Vll],Ganglion eniculi

Ductus emicircularis nterior

Ductus emicircularisateralis


Ductus emicircularisosterior

N cochlearis

N vestibularis

N vestibulocochlearis Vlll]

Foramen otundum

A carotis nterna,Pars avernosa

Foramen acerum

N petrosus major

Cochlea

Porus custicusnternus

N facialis Vll]

I N. cochlearisN. vestibulo-

cochlearis Vlll]lN. vestibularis

Foramen ugulare



. : :


Foramen vale

Apex partispetrosae

Meatus custicusinternus

Synchondrosispetrooccipitalis

Sulcus inus etrosiinlerioris

Synchondrosissphenopetrosa

Sulcus ervi etrosimaJofls

Foramen acerum

Canalis aroticus

Synchondrosisspnenopetrosa

Apex partis petrosae


Bony abyrinth

Area nervi acialis

Cellulae ympanicae

Canalis semicircularisanterior

Canalis semicircularislateralis

Crus osseum commune

Canalis semicircularisposterior

Aqueductus vestibuli

Su lcus inus s igmoide i

Foramen ugulare

Semicanalis ubaeauditivae

Cavitas ympani

Cochlea



Fenestra estibuli

Canalis semicircularisanterior

F i g . 7 0 7 a , B o n y a b y r i n t h , a b y r i n t h u s s s e us ;

h o t l o w e d u t o f h e p e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a I o n ea P o s t e r i o r - s u p e r i o r i e wb S u p e r i o r i e w* 0pening f h ep o s t e r i o ra n a L i c u L u s

Canalis piralismodioli Tractus piralis oraminosus

Scala vestibuli Area estibularissupeflorupula cochleae

Laminamodioli

Modioluscocnteae

Canalisspiralis

cochleae

Canalislong i tud ina l i s

modioli

Cristatransversaamtna

spirallssecunoana

Lamtnaspiralisossea

Scalatympani

Tractus piralisforaminosus

Areavestibularisinferior

Foramensrngulare

Fundus eatusacusticinterni Area cochleariseatus

acusticusInternus


Fundusmeatusacustici nterni

F i g . 7 0 8 S p i r a I a n a Icocn eae ;opened l o n g h e a x i ss u p e f l o r r e w

o f h e c o c h t e a , a n a L i s p i r a t i s

o f h e m o d i o l u s ;

F i g . 7 0 9 I n t e r n a I a c o u s t i c e a t u s , M e a t u sacus t icus n t e r n u s , n d u n d u s f h e n t e r n a Ia c o u s t i cm e a t u s , u n d u s m e a t u s c u s t i c i n t e r n i ;a f t e r p a r t i a L e m o v a L f h e p o s t e r i o r a [ t ;m e d i a L v i e w.



Ampulla ssea nterio r

Macula ribrosa uperior

Canalis semicircularis nterior

Crus sseum ommune

Crista ransversa

Area cochlearis

Crus sseum implex

Canalis emicircularis osterior

Canalis emicircularisateralis

Ampulla ssea osterior

Cupula ochleae

Vestibulumabyrinthi

Hamulus aminaespiralis

Lamina piralis ssea

Lamina sDiralis ecundaria

Cochlea Vestibulumabyrinthi

Macula cribrosa media Fenestra cochleae

F i g . 7 1 O B o n y L a b y r i n t h ,abyr in thu s sseus ;t h e o s s e o u s i n i n g f he membranous a b y r i n t h as beenh o l l o w e d u t o f he p e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a l o n e ;o b t i q u e i e w r o m p o s t e r i o r.

Canalis emicircularis nterior

Crus s seum ommuneAmpulla ssea nter ior

Ampulla ssea ateralis


Canalis emicircularisposterior

Ampulla ssea osterior Basis cochleae

Fenestra cochleae Fenestra estibuli

Fig .711 Bony L a b y r i n t h ,a b y r i n t h u s sseus ;the osseous i n i n g f he membranous a b y r i n t h a s b e e nh o l t o w e d u t o f h e p e t r o u s a r t of h e e m p o r a L o n e ;[ a t e r a L v i e w.

Fenestra vestibuliCrista estibuli sphencus

Lamina spiralis ossea

Recessus llipticusScala vestibuli

Scala ympani

Lamina modio l i

Macula cribrosa media

Ampulla ssea osterior

Recessus ochlearis

Fossula enestrae cochleae Crista fenestrae cochleae

F i g . 7 1 2 B o n y L a b y r i n t h ,a b y r i n t h u s s s e u s ;c a v i t i e s a v e b e e n h o t l o w e d u t :a n t e r o [ a t e r a L v i e w.



Nn ampullares ateralis t anterior

Saccus endolymphaticus

F i g . 7 11 M e m b r a n o u s a b y r i n t h ,overvtew

Membranous abvrinth


Fenestra estibuli

Os emporale, ars etrosa,Facies osterior artis etrosae

Utriculus Ampul lamembranaceaanterior

Ampul lamembranacealateralis

Crusmembranaceumcommune

Ductussemici rcular is

Ductusendolymphaticus

Ductussemicircularislateralis

Crusmembranaceumsrmplex

Ampul lamemoranacea

Crusmembranaceumcommune

Caecumvestibulare

Ductussemicircularislateralis

Canal issemicircularis

Ductussemicircularispostenor

N utr icular is

N saccular is

N utriculo-ampul lar is

Du tu scochlearis

N cochlearis

N vestibularis

Ductus cochlearis Sacculus estibularis

F i g . 7 1 3 Ve s t i b u l o c o ch L e a r e r v e ,N v e s t i b u L o c o ch L e a r i sV l l l ] , n d m e m b r a n o u s a b y r i n t h , abyr in thus embranaceus ;s e m i - s c h e m a t i c v e r v i e w.p o s t e r i o r ie w

ampul l a r i sposterior

Utriculus

Sacculusvestibularis

Cupulacocnleae

Caecumcupu ar e

Ductuscochlearis

Scalavestibuli

Ductusreuntens

Scala ympani

Ductus ndolymphaticus

Dura mater.-.................-

cranialis

Ampulla membranaceaposterioranaliculus ochleae

L a b y r i n t h u s e m b r a n a c e u s ;



> Ear

Cochlea

Scala ympani

Ductus ochlearis

Ductus ochlearis

Ductus ochlearis,Paries xternus

Striavascularis

Organum pirale*,Membrana eticularis

Prominentia piralis

Sulcus piralis xternus

Crista asilaris

Ductus ochlearis,Paries ympanicus

Lamina asilaris

Middt

Lamina piralis ssea

Cupula ochleae

Caecum estibulare

Ductus euniens

Cavitas ympaniNn.ampullares nterior tlateralis

N saccularis

N ampullaris osterior

Canalis emicircularis nterior

Ductus emicircularislateralis


Ampulla embranacealateralis

N utricularis

Amoulla embranacea

Scala estibuli

Ductus ochlearis,Paries estibularis**

Membrana ectoria

Sulcus piralis nternus

Labium imbi estibulare

Lamina piralis ssea

(R.nervi ochlearis)

Ganglion pirale ochleae

Limbus piralis

Labium imbi ympanicum

Scala ympani

antenor

Utriculus

Sacculus estibularis


F i g .7 1 5 Ve s t i b u t o c o c h l e a r e r v e ,N. v e s t i b u l o c o c h L e a r i sV l l l ] ,and membranous a b y r i n t h , abyr in thus embranaceus ;s u p e n o r r e w.

Fig.716 Cochlea , och lea , i th he spiraIorgan,Organum pira [e .* C[inicaLerm: organ of c0RTl+ *C [ i n i c a le r m : R E | S S N E R ' se m b r a n e





M i d d t

.1loo

Colliculusnferior

Nucleus emnisci ateralis

Nuclei ochleares

: ; : :' . . : . i i

N cochlearis

Corpus geniculatum mediale

Nuclei olivares

Nucleus corporis rapezoidei

Nuclei nervi oculomotorii

Nucleus nervi rochlearis

Fasciculus ongitudinalismedialis

Nucleus nervi abducentis

Nuclei estibulares

Nucleus racilis

Nucleus uneatus

(Nucleus entraliscolumnae osterioris)

(Nuclei ornus nteriorismusculorum olli)

F i g . 7 1 8 H e a r i n g .P r i m a r y u c t e i : u r p t e ; e m a i n i n g u c t e i :D r o w n .The c h a i n f h e a u d i t o r y s s i ct e s m p I i fe st h e a m p t i t u d e f he sound waves h y s i c a [ Ly

F i g . 7 1 9 C o n t r o l f e q u i t i b r i u m n ds t a b i t i s a t i o n f h e v i s u a I e t d .A ff e r e n t i b r e s r i g i n a t e n h e m u s c L e s ft h e e y e , h e e q u i L i b r i u mr g a n n d h em u s c L e s f h e n e c k ; e f f e r e n t bresm o d u l a t e h e m u s c l e s f he eye and hebody. he c e r e b e L t u m l a y s p r e d o m i n a n tr o t e n h i s c o o r d i n a t i o n .



Auditory nd equilibrium athway

Colliculusinferior

Auditory athway

3 .

n e u r o n : i p o L a r e I L sn h e s p i r a I o c h [ e a rgangtion. f te rex i t ing he smat [ aperturesof t h e f o r a m i n o u s p i r a Lr a c t w i t h i n h e

internaI cous t ic ea tus , he ibres orm hecochlear erve nd unitewith he vest ibuLarnerve t the f toorof the internaL cous t icmeatus o orm he vest ibutocochLearerve[Vl l l ] . ibres rom he basaI ochlear artst raverse o the ooster ior ochtear ucLeusand hose rom he apicaL ar t s e rmina tei n h e a n t e r i o r o c h L e a ru c L e u sn e u r o n :M u t t i - p o L a ra n g L i o n e L L s f t h ecochlear uc te i he ibres rom he anteriorcoch tear uc leus ass main tywithin hetrapezoid ody o he oppos i te ide nd ormthe La te ra I emnicus , h ichprovides con-nect ion o he nfe r io r oLLicutusfew bresjo in he a te ra I emniscus f he same ideTheaxons f he poster ior ochLear uc teuscross superf iciaLLyo the rhomboid ossaa n d e n t e r h e [ a t e r a L e m n i s c u s f t h eo p p o s i t e i d e .or 4 neuron: rom he inferior o t [ icu[usconnect ions remade i th he mediaI en ic -u ate bodyo r 5 n e u r o n : h e a c o u s t i c a d i a t i o n o n -n e c t s t h e m e d i a L g e n i c u L a t e o d y t oHESCHL's ransverse qvrus and wi thWERNICKE'sentre n heiemoorat obe

(Tractusvestibulothalamicus)

Fasciculuslongitudinalismedialis

Ganglionvestibulare

Labyrinthusvestibularis

N vestibulo-cochlearis Vlll],N vestibularis

n""'"?,oil,Yi-'--

mediale

Lemniscus ateralis

N vestibulo-cochlearis Vlll],N cochlearis

Nucleuscochlearis osterior

Nucleus ochlearis nterior

Nucleus orporis rapezoidei

5i?;lil,,Auditorvathwav;

Equitibriumathway

1 n e u r o n : i p o L a r e L t sn h e e s t i b u L a r an -g L i o n . h e i rn e u r i t e s a s s h e n f e r i o r n dsuperior est ibular reas o orm he ves t ib -u t a r n e r v e a t t h e f l o o r o f t h e i n t e r n a Lacous t icmeatus , h ich ogether i th thecochLear erve hen forms he vest ibuLo-cochLear erve Vl l l ]These ibres ermina tea t h e v e s t i b u t a r u c L e in h e a t e r a L n g l eof he Loor f he homboid ossaa n d u b s e q u e n t e u r o n s : i b r e s r i g i n a t i n gi n t h e L a t e r a Le s t i b u L a ru c L e u sO f t f f n S 'nuc leus l raverse i thin he ateraLvest ib-u L o s p i n a L t r a c to h e a n t e r i o r o l u m n f h es p i n a I o r d .F i b r e s r i g i n a t i n gn h e s u p e r i o r e s t i b u t a rnucleus nucleus f BECHTEREW),he mediaL

ves t ibu ta r uc leus SCHwnfsfs

nuc teus] sw e L L s t h e i n f e r i o r e s t i b u L a r u c L e u s{RoLLERnucLeus}raverse o the cere-b e t L u m n d c o n n e c t o t h e m o t o r u c [ e i ft h e c r a n i a L e r v e s l l , Va n d V l ,m o s t l y i at h e m e d i a t o n g i t u d i n a La s c i c u L u sT h em e d i a L v e s t i b u t a ru c L e u s n d h e n f e -r io rves t ibuLaruc leus end ibres tong hem e d i a L v e s t i b u l o s p i n a Ir a c t o h e a n t e r i o rc o L u m n f h e s p i n a I o r d

2

Ganglion piralecocnteae

Labyrinthuscochlearis

Thalamus -=\

Nucleusnervioculomotorii

Nucleusnerui rochlearis

Nucleus estibularissupenor

Nucleus estibularislateralis

Nucleusvestibularisnferior

Nucleusnerui bducentis

Nucleusvestibularis medialis

Nucleus cuneatus

Fig.721 Equil . ibrium athway;OVETVIEW.+ C o n n e c t i o n s o t h e c e r e b e l t u m



M i d d [

N auricularis osterior N facialis)

Nerves n the petrous art of the emporal one

Chorda ympani

N tympanicusPlexus ympanicus

N caroticotympanicusPlexus aroticus nternus)N facialis Vll]

N petrosus ajor

N petrosus inor

Ganglion nferius lX )

A carotis nterna

N. glossopharyngeus lX l

R auricularis N vagus) N vagus [X]

N facialis Vll] Chorda ympani

F i g . 7 2 2 F a c i a L e r v e , N . a c i a l . i sV l l ] ;g t o s s o p h a r y n g e a I e r v e ,N . gLossopharyngeus l X la n d vagus n e r v e ,N . vagus Xl ;t h e p e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a l o n e h a s b e e n p a r t t y e c t i o n e d ;t h e n e r v e s r e t t u s t r a t e d r a n s L u c e n t L v :a n t e r i o r i e w.

Crura tapedis M tensor ympani, endo N facialis Vll],Gen icu lum Proc cochleariformis

N petrosus major

Ductus semicircularis ateralis


Membrana stapedialis

Eminentia pyramidalis

l\4 stapedius, endo

Caput tapedis

N facialis Vll]

I\4 ensor ympani

Semicanalis usculitensoris ympani

Septum canalismusculotubarii

Semicanalis ubae auditivae

Promontorium

N tympanicus

Cavitas ympani

Sinus ympani

F i g . 7 2 3 F a c i a L e r v e , N . a c i a t i s V l l ] , n d y m p a n i c a v i t y, a v i t a s y m p a n i ;v e r t i c a L e c t i o n t o n g h e o n g i t u d i n a t x isof h ep e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a I o n e ;t h e a c i a L a n a I a s b e e n p e n e d :a n t e r i o r i e w.




N maxillaris V/21

N, petrosus ajor

N, ophthalmicusV/1]a

Ganglion geniculi a

Ganglion rigeminale

N oculomotoriuslll a

A carotis nterna

N. rigeminusV]O

N. acialis Vll]o

N abducens Vllo

N. vestibulocochlearisVlll]a

StapesN glossopharyngeusIXl o

N. vagus X]o

N. accessorius Xl]a

Sinus ransversus Canalisnervl

facialis

Sinus ransversus

a N mandibularisV/3]

Chorda ympani

Mal leus

Proc. mastoideus

a R. digastricus

o M stylohyoideus

o R stylohyoideus

O M. digastricus, enter osterior


N facialis Vll]a

Fig.72l. FaciaI erve, N. faciatis Vll] ,within he petrousp a r t of h e e m p o r a [ o n e , s t e m p o r a t e , a rs p e t r o s a ;t h e p e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a I o n e a s w e [ [ a s h e a c i a lcanaI nd he ympa nic av i ty ave een p a r t i a l t y p e n e d ;oosterior iew.

Canaliculi emicirculares

Cochlea

N lacialis VllJ

Sinus igmoideus

Fig.725 Lateral projection f the inner ear.

V jugularisnterna



> Ear

Petrous art of the emporal one, maging

Cochlea Apex partispetrosae

Os occipitale,Cl ivus Caputmandibulae

Porus custicusnternus Cellulae mastoideae

Canalis emicircularis osterior Cavitas ympani;Ossicula uditus

Tuba uditiva Apex partispetrosaeCavitas ympani; ssicula uditus


Cellulae mastoideae

Canalis emicircularisateralis

Cochlea Fissurapekooccipitalis

Os occipitale, livus


Canalis emicircularis osterior

F i g . 7 2 6 a , b P e t r o u s a r t o f h e e m p o r a I o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a [ e , a r s p e t r o s a ;h i g h - r e s o l u t i o n o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c o r i z o n t a I e c t i o n s H R C T ) ;inferiorview.a T h r o u g h h e a t e r a l e m i c i r c u L a ra n a t ,

C a n a [ i s e m i c i r c u t a r i s a t e r a t i sb I n f e r i o r o t h e a t e r a I e m i c r r c u [ a r a n a t ,

C a n a l i s e m i c i r c u [ a r i sa t e r a I i s

F i g . 7 2 7 a , b E a r, A u r i s ;h i g h - r e s o t u t i o n o m p u t e d o m o g r a p h i c r o n t a l e c t i o n s H R C T J ;a n t e r i o r i e w.a T h r o u g h h e b a s e o f h e c o c h l e ab Throuqh h e e x t e r n a I c o u s t i cm e a t u s



A

A b d o m e n , 6Abduct io Art lcu[a t io oxael 10A-ce[[s 9Achi t tes endon ef lex 34 6AcromioclavicuLaroint s Art icu-

Lat io cromioclavicuLar isAcromion 120, 60, 162-1 5 ,

179-184,226ADAMKIEWICZ,r tery of 344Adduct io Art icu[a t io oxael 10Adenohypophysis 79, 95Adhesio nter tha amica 27 ,

295-29 , 302, 31 1, 317, 320, 328,334,337

A d i t u s- L a r y n g i s 0 4 , 3 0-

o r b i t a L i s 5 4A e q u a t o r 6 2 , 3 6 6At a- cr is tae a[[ i 40- [obut i ent raLis 03-304- major 31r, 2 , 46, 53-57, 6 , 353,

358, 61 377 38 8- m i n o r 3 4 , 0 , 5 4 - 5 7 , 3 5 3- nasi 86- o s s i s t i u m 3 4 0- v o m e r i s 5 0 , 13 6

Alveous[- i- d e n t a t e s 5 , 10 6- hippocampi 14-315, 28-329,

334-335A m i c u L u m L i v a r e 09Ampul[a- c a n a L i c u t ia c r i m a t i s 57- membranacea nter ior 393-395- - la tera t is 393-394- - p o s t e r i o r 9 3 , 3 9 5- ossea nter ior 392- - [a tera t is 92- - poster ior 39 2

A n g u u s ( - i J- a c r o m i i 1 60- i n f e r i o r 6 0 , 8 3- i r rdocorneat is 62, 64- Latera t is 60- mandibulae 45, 60-62, 7- o c u L ia t e r a L i s 5 2 , 3 5 5- - m e d i a t i s 5 2 , 5 5- s p h e n o i d a I i s 4- s u p e r i o r 6 0 , 8 3- venosus 23

Ansa- cervicat is 5 , 84, 164-11+9,51 ,

228,273, 7, T9-T10- t i n g u a L i s 44- s u b c l a v i a 7 , 1 5 3- t e n d i n i s M d i g a s t r i c u s i 0 6

Antebrachium -3 , 157 158, 169 ,179 192, 194-198,236,238-241

- cross-sect ion 54- f a s c i a 1 7 8- i n n e r v a t i o n ,e g m e n t a [ 1 6- M R r 2 5 4 - 2 5 5- m u s c l e s 1 8 0 - 1 8 1 , 9 2 - 1 9 3 ,

198-204, 3 1 T35- t ransverse ect ion 255-256

Antevers io Art icuLat iooxael 10A n t i h e t i x 8 0Ant i t ragus 38 0Antrum mastoideum 86

A n u L u s- f ibrocar t i tagineus 82, 84-385,

387- i r id ismajor 364-365- - m i n o r 3 6 4 - 3 6 5- t e n d i n e u s o m m u n i s 58 ,

3 6 0 - 3 6 1 , 3 6 9 , T 5 7- tympanicus 6-47

A n u s 1 4Aorta 149- a b d o m i n a t i s P a r s b d o m i n a t i s

ao ta e- a s c e n d e n s P a r s s c e n d e n s

aor tae- descendens Pars descendens

ao tae- thoracica Pars horacica

aor tae

Ape tu a- c a n a I i c u [ ie s t i b u I i 9- externa anal icut i ochleae 9- - canal is arot ic i 43, 264,388- i n t e r n a a n a [ i s a ro t i c i 1 , 26 5- Latera t is 98-299, 10-31 , 33 7- m e d i a n a 7 6 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2 , 1 0 - 3 1 ,

337- p i r i f o r m i s 3 , 4 6 , 5 2- s i n u s r o n t a L i s 1- - c n h o n n i r l : l i < q 1 6 A

- t h o r a c i s u p e r i o r 4 9Apex- l C o r n u o s t e r i u s ) 4 5- c u s p i d i s 4- L i n g u a e 0 3, 0 7 - 1 0 8- par t is pet rosae 59,278-279,

3 9 1 , 0 0 , 5 7- r a d i c i s e n t i s 94

A p o n e u r o s r s- d o r s a t i s 1 ,2 49- [ i n g u a e 0 4- m u s c u t i i c i p i t i s r a c h i i1 7 8 ,

1 9-1 0 , 194,204,232,238, 40- paLat ina 88- palmaris 178, 206, 243, 249-250

Apparatus acr imal is 35 7Appendix ermiformis 1 , 1 6-17Aqueduct f SYLVTUSAqueductus

m e s e n c e p h a l iAqued c tus- mesencephat i 87, 95, 97,

302, 310-3 1 1. 317, 320, 323-32/\328, 35-337

- vest ibuI i 91Arac noid a- m a t e r r a n i a t i s 1 6 - 11 7 , 2 61 ,

278,282-283,326,330- - spinal is 34 3Arcus- a l v e o [ a r i sM a n d i b u t a j 0 - 6 1- anter ior t tant is 45, 42- aor tae 18, 22, 27, 121, 136, 53,

2 7 2 , 3 4 4- c a r t i l a g i n i sr i c o i d e a e 1 8 ,

122-126, 129, 136- c o s t a L i s 7 9- denta l is nfer ior 93- - s u p e r i o r 3- d u c t u s h o r a c i c i 3- patatogLossus 2, 102-103- p a l a t o p h a r y n g e u s 2 ,1 0 2 - 1 0 3 ,

136, 39, 14 1- pafmaris rofundus 23,242,245

Arcuspalmaris- - s u p e r f i c i a t i s 2 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 L 4 ,

250- superci l iar is 8- v e n o s u s u g u t a r i s 1 8 , 3 6 , 4 3 ,

148,229- ver tebrae 42- zygomat icus 3, 42-43, 3 , 64 ,

72-73,83,91 100, 13 7Area{-ael- cochlear is 91-392- hypothatamica atera t is 29 5- nervi acia l is 39 1- post rema 29 9- pretecta t is 70- s t r ia ta 37 0- subcatlosa 295, 318, 326,

334-335

- vest ibutar is 99- - i n f e r i o r 91- - s u p e r i o r 9 1

A r m ,m u s c t e s 8 5 - 1 9 1 , 2 9 - T 3 0Arter ia -ae- a tveo[ar is nfer ior 69, 71, , 2-84,

109 111, 16-117 25 8- - super ior os ter ior 74, 83- angutar is 74, 80, 82-8/ . , 58- a u r i c u L a r i so s t e r i o r 9 , 4 ,

8 2 - 8 4 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 5 , 2 5 8- - profunda 83- axi t tar is 18, 118, 46-147, 52 ,

21 , 223, 226, 228, 232-233- basiLaris 258-259, 27 , 27 , 283,

29 4-295, 02, 1 -320, 24, 27 ,337 3/.4

- b r a c h i a t i s 8 , 7 0 , 2 3 , 2 7232 235, 238 240, 252-25 4

- - superf ic ia l i s 37- buccat is 4 , 82-gL, 25 8- cat tosomarginaLis 59,281,294,

326,331 334- c a r o t i s o m m u n i s 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 ,

7 3 - 7 , 7 7 8 4 , 11 5 , 1 8 , 21 ,133- 134, 1 0-1 41, 144-155, 228,258-259 27 1 27 2

- - e x t e r n a 8 - 1 9 , 7 4 , 8 2 - 8 3 , 8 5 ,11 , 1 3 4 , 4 0 , 4 - 1 4 7 , 5 1 ,258-259

- - i n t e r n a 1 8 - 1 9 , 1 , 1 , 4 3 , 6 7 , 6 9 ,74, 82, 85, 101, 1 9 , 140-141,1 6- 1 ,7, 258-259, 262,26 ,265, 27 27 2, 27 27 9,283, 95, 1 -320, 37-338,369 37 ,376-377 389-390,398-399, 57

- - - a n g i o g r a p h y 2 5 9- - - A P - r a d i o g r a p h 2 5 9- - - D S A 2 5 9- centraLes nterota tera les 94 ,

3 1 9^ ^ + ^ - ^ - ^ l ; - l ^ - a l O

- - n n c r o r n m a d i : l e < ? 1 9

- centraLisetinae 16, 63, 68 ,37 0

- cerebri nterior 59,276-278,312, 18-321, 26, 30-337

- - media 59,278,294,318-321325-326, 29 332,336, 38-339

- - posterior 59,277-278,294-295,318,20-321,327-328,334-338,370

lndex

Arteria[-ae]- cervical is scendens 45-147,

152, 154-155,344- - profunda 152-153- - superf ic ia[ is 45-147,152- c h o r o i d e a n t e r i o r 1 8 - 3 ' 1 9 ,

321,370- ci [ iar is{-es] 70,374- - anter ior 363- - poster ior( -es l 76- - - b r e v e s 3 6 3- - - t o n g a 3 6 3- ci rcumflexa umeri anter ior

2 2 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 3 2- - - p o s t e r i o r 2 3 , 2 2 7 , 2 2 9 ,

2 3 1 - 2 3 2 , 2 3 5- - i t i u m r o f u n d a 9- - s c a p u l a e 2 7 , 2 3 5-

col ica ext ra 19- - m e d i a 1 9- - s i n i s t r a 9- col la tera t is edia 22 3- - radia l is 223,234-235,

238-241- - u tnar is nfer ior 223,233-235,

238-241- - - s u p e r i o r 2 2 3 , 2 3 3 ,

238-240,253- c o m i t a n s e r v im e d i a n i 2 3 , 2 3 9- c o m m u n i c a n s n t e r i o r 7 8 ,

3 1 8 - 3 2 0 , 3 2 6 , 3 3 6- - p o s t e r i o r 5 9 , 2 7 8 , 3 1 8 - 3 1 9 ,

327 336-338- conjunct ival is nter ior 36 3- c o r o n a r i a e 9- digi ta tes orsaLes 46, 50- - patmares ommunes 223,

242-244,250,257- - - propr iae 223,242-246,

250,257- d o r s a t i s a s i 8 5 , 3 7 4 , 3 7 6- - p e d i s 8- e p i g a s t r i c an f e r i o r 9- episc lera t is 63- e t h m o i d a l i s n t e r i o r 1 , 6 5 ,

3 7 2 , 3 7 4 - 3 7- - posterior 374-376- facia[ is 19, 68, 4 , 81-85,

1 0 9 - 1 0 , 11 6 - 1 8 ,1 4 0 , 4 6 - 1 4 9 ,1 5 1 , 2 5 8

- f e m o r a [ i s 8- f i b u t a r i s 8- f rontobasaLisateraLis '18- - m e d i a t i s 1 8 , 3 2 1- gast r ica inis t ra 19-

g t u t e a n f e r i o r 9- - s u p e r i o r 9- h e p a t i c a o m m u n i s 9- hypophysia t isnfer ior 295- - super ior 29 5- i l e a l e s 9- i t e o c o t i c a 9- i t i a c a o m m u n i s 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 , 2 7- - externa 18-19,22- - in terna 18-19,22- i t i o l u m b a t i s 9- i n f e r i o r a n t e r i o r c e r e b e t t i5 9 ,

278,318-319- - poster iorcerebet t i 59 .278,

3 1 8 - 3 1 9- infraorbi ta l i s 4 , 83-84, 58,

2 6 4 , 3 1 5 , 3 7 8

l ltnoexThe numbers efer o he page numbers

The numbers with ,T" refer o the numbers f he ables n he separate ookle t nctosed n Vo[ume



Index

Arteria[-ae]- i n s u [ a r e s 9 4- intercosta[ is l -es l os ter iores

152,344- -

s u p r e m a 1 5 2- i n t e r o s s e a n t e r i o r 2 3 , 2 3 9 ,21+1, 48, 250

- - c o m m u n i s 8 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 9- - p o s t e r i o r 9 7 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 ,

2 50- - TecuTrens 23,240-2L1- i n t r a m u s c u t a r i s 1- in t rasepta t is 1- j e j u n a L e s 9- [abiaI is nfer ior 74, 25 8- - super ior 74, 25 8- tabyr inthi 41, 265, 78, 1 -31- [ a c r i m a l i s 1 6 , 5 6 , 7 2 - 3 7 / + ,

37 6- [aryngea nfer ior 130- - s u p e r i o r 0 8 , 1 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,

1 3 0 - 1 3 1 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 7 , 1 4 1 ,144-146,151

- [ i e n a L i s A r t e r i a p L e n i c a- [ i n g u a [ i s 9 , 4 , 2 , 8 4 - 8 5 , 1 0 ,

113-117 134, 40, 145, 51 25 8- [umbales 22- masseter ica 3, 85- m a x i L L a r i s9 , 6 9 , 7 4 , 8 3 - 8 5 , 58- meningea media 41,43,74,

83-84, 58, 264-265, 69, 7 ,278, 280,372

- - p o s t e r i o r 1 , 4 3 , 1 4 0 ,2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 8

- m e s e n c e p h a l i c a e 1 9- mesenter ica nfer ior 18-19,22,

2 7- - s u p e r i o r 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 , 2 7- metacarpales orsates 246, 48,

2 5 0- - p a t m a r e s 4 2 , 2 4 5 , 2 5 0 , 2 5 7-

n a s o p a l a t i n a 13- n u t r i c i a- obtura tor ia 19- occipi ta l i s 9 , 74, 82-84, 109,

1 ,1 1 +/+,46 1 +7, 59- - m e d i a l i s 2 9 - 3 3 0- ophthaLmica \ , 258-259, 65,

267 2 7 , 2 7 - 2 7 9 , 3 6 9 - 3 7 8- ovar ica 18- p a l a t i n a { - a e Js c e n d e n s 4 , 8 4 ,

1 1 3 , 1 3 0 , 1 4 0- - d e s c e n d e n s 4 , 5 8- - m a j o r 4 3 , 1 0 2 , 11 3 , 2 6 4- - minores 26 4- p a n c r e a t i c o d u o d e n a t i sn f e r i o r

1 9- par ie ta t is os ter ior 28 1- per ica l tosa 94, 12, 20,

326-327, 329 330, 334-335- p h a r y n g e a s c e n d e n s 9 , 4 1 ,

43,140,258- p o n t i s 31 9- p o p t i t e a 8- pr inceps ot l ic is 223, 42-243,

2 4 5 , 2 4 8- p r o f u n d a r a c h i i1 8 , 2 2 3 , 2 2 7 ,

232-235,252-253- - f e m o r i s 1 8- - l i n g u a e 1 3 , 1 1 5- p u d e n d a n t e r n a 1 9- p u L m o n a L i s2- radiaLis 8, 170, 23, 36 ,

238-240, 242, 244-246, 248,255-256

- - i n d i c i s 2 3 , 2 4 2 - 2 4 3- r a d i c u t a r i s a g n a 34 4

Arterial-ael- r e c t a t i s e d i a 1 9- - s u p e r i o r 9- TecuTTensadiaLis 23, 38-240- -

u lnar is 223,235,239-241- r e n a t i s 8 , 2 2 , 2 7- s a c r a L i sa t e r a L i s 9- - m e d i a n a 9- s c a p u t a r i s d e s c e n d e n s 5 2- s i g m o i d e a e 9- sphenopala t ina 4, 8L, 25 8- s p i n a L i s n t e r i o r 1 , 3 ,

264-265, 318-319 3LL- - la tera l is 34 4- - poster ior 34 4- s p L e n i c a 9

- s u b c l a v i a 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 , 7 7 , 2 1 , 4 1 ,144-147 149, 152-153,226-229

- s u b f a s c i a t i s 1- subt ingual is 4 , 113-115, 3/ +- submental is 4 , 83-84, 110,

145-1/+7,258- subscapu[ar is 27, 32- su[c i ent raLis 81- - postcentra l is 81- - precentra l is 81- s u p e r i o r e r e b e t t i 7 8 , 1 8 - 3 1 9 ,

337- supraorbi ta l i s 1 , 11 , 258,

372-37 ,376,378- suprascapu[ar is 4 , 1 46-1 7,

1 5 2 , 2 7 2 2 9 , 2 3 5- suprat rochlear is 2-83, 258,

3 7 4 , 3 7 6- t e m p o r a t i s 7- - m e d i a 7 4 , 8 3 - 8 5- - profunda nter ior 74, 25 8- - - poster ior 74,83-84,258- - superf ic iaI is 9, 68,73-7 ,

8 0 - 8 5 , 9 , 2 58-

t e s t i c u L a r i s 8- t h a [ a m o t u b e r a t i s 1 9- t h o r a c i c a n t e r n a 1 9 , 4 6 - 1 4 8 ,

1 2 - 1 3- - l a t e r a l i s 4 7 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 9- - s u p e r i o r 2 7 , 2 2 9- thoTacoacromiatis 44-1 7, 223,

226-228- thoracodorsal is 27 22 8- thyroidea nfer ior 130,133,

139-141 146-147 15 2- - s u p e r i o r 9 , 7 4 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 5 ,

1 3-1 4 , 136, 40, / . /+-1471 4 9 , 1 5 1 , 1 4 ,25 8

- t i b i a t i s n t e r i o r 18- - p o s t e r i o r 8- t ransversa ol l i 144-145,149,

152,228-229- - f a c i e i7 / + , 8 3 , 11 6 , 2 5 8- t u b e r i s i n e r e i 1 9- t y m p a n i c a n t e r i o r 3- - poster ior 38 4- utnar is 18, 170, 11, 23,

238 210, 242-215, 248 2 49,255-256

- u m b i t i c a t i s 9 , 2- ver tebra t is [ -es l 9, 41, 43, 69 ,

1 9 , 133, 46, 52-155, 28,258-259, 26 -265, 27 , 283, 302,3 1 8 - 3 2 0 , 3 3 7 , 3 4 4

- v e s i c a t i sn f e r i o r 9- zygomat icoorbi ta t i s 4, 82-83

Arter i s- b r a i n 1 8- h a n d 2 4 2 , 2 4 6- head 258-259

Arteries- of ADAMKIEWICZArter ia adic-

u l a n s m a g n a- < v c f a m i . c i r e r r l : r i o n l R

-u p p e r i m b 2 2 3Arter ioLa(-ael

- m a c u t a r i s n f e r i o r 6 7- - s u p e r i o r 6 7- m e d i a t i s e t i nae 67- n a s a l i s e t i n a e n f e r i o r 6 7- - - s u p e r i o r 3 6 7- t e m p o r a I i s e t i n a e n f e r i o r 6 7- - - s u p e r i o r 3 6 7

A r t i c u L a t i o { - n e s l- a c r o m i o c L a v i c u L a r i s8 ,1 6 0 ,

162,165,182-183,T23- a t t a n t o a x i a t i s e d i a n a 2

- + l - ^ + ^ ^ ^ - i ^ :+ - l i - t o t o ( r o , , ( u u L L , P, ( o u J r u z

- carpi 174- c a r p o m e t a c a r p a L i s ( - e s l58 ,

17 , T23- - p o t t i c i s 7 2 - 1 7 L , I 2 3- c a r t i l a g i n e a- c i n g u l i e c t o r a t i s 5 8 , 2 3- c o n o i d e a 0- c o x a e 1 0- c r i c o a r y t e n o i d e a 2 2 , 3 1- c r i c o t h y r o i d e a 2 5- c u b i t i 1 5 8 , 1 6 8 , T 2 3- - A P - r a d i o g r a p h 7 0- - f r o n t a I s e c t i o n 7 0- - l a t e r a t r a d i o g r a p h 7 0

- - ^ i l + ^ l ^ ^ - r : ^ ^ 1 7 n - 5 d 9 r r ( o r

- c y t i n d r i c a 0- d i g i t i1 7 5 , 2 3- humeri 9 , 158, 62-16/ . ,

1 3-1 4 , T2 3- - A P - r a d i o g r a p h 6 5- - c T 1 6 5- - jo intcavi ty, t ructure 9- - s e c t i o n in he s c a p u [ a r l a n e l

9 , 1 6 4- h u m e r o r a d i a t i s 5 8 , 2 3- h u m e r o u t n a r i s 5 8 , 2 3- incudomaLLear is 84- i n c u d o s t a p e d i a t i s8 4- i n t e r p h a [ a n g e a e anus 175 ,

210,T23- - - d i s t a l e s 1 , 1 5 8 , 7 5- - - p r o x i m a l e s 5 8 , 7 5- m a n u s 1 7 3- m e d i o c a r p a t i s 5 8 , 7 4 , f 2 3- m e m b r i u p e r i o r i s 2 3- - - t i b e r i T 2 3- m e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g e a [ - a e l58 ,

1 7 3 , 7 5 , 2 0 72 1 3 , 23- - p o t t i c i s 7 2 , 1 7 5- o s s i c u l o r u m u d i t u s 8 4- o v o i d e a 0- p t a n a 1 0 , 2 3- radiocarpat is 58, 7 , 250, 23- r a d i o u t n a r i s i s t a t i s 5 8 , 6 9 ,

173-17 ,, 04, 256, 23- - p r o x i m a L i s 5 8 , 1 6 9 , 2 5 4 , I 2 3- s e t t a r i s 0 , 2 3- s p h e r o i d e a 0 , 2 3- s ternocLavicutar is 59-1 0 , T2 3- synoviaLis- t e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s 2 - 6 3 ,

6 5 - 6 6 , 2 - 7 3 , 8 3- - t o m o g r a p h y 5- t r o c h o i d e a 0 , 2 3

Associa t ion reas- a u d i t i o n 9 1- m o t o r i c i t y 9 1- sensorysystem 91- v i s i o n 9 1

Associa t ion e[[s 347Associa t ion racts 306A t t a s 1 2 1 , 1 3 6 , 3 4 4 , 3 8 2A t r i u m-

cordis ext rum 22- - s i n i s t r u m 2A u d i t i o n 9 6. - associa t ion rea 291- project ion rea 291

Audi tory rgan 394, T5 7Audi tory athway 39 7Auricu[a 379-380Auris 379- interna 379,390- m e d i a 3 7 9

Axes of he human body 1Axilta 227-229Axi[[aryossa Fossa xi tLar isAxis 45- e x t e r n u s u t b i 3 6 2- i n t e r n u s u [ b i 3 52- {Lensl 36 6- Longi tudinal isArt icuLat iooxael

1 0- of ro ta t ion, oint 11- o p t i c u s 6 2- sagi t ta[ is Art icu[a t io oxael 10- t ransversat is Art icuLat iooxael

1 0

B

B a s a I a n g t i a 0 9Base of he sku[[.- external surlace L2- - contents 26 4- - Foramina 43,26L- internaI urface 40, 27 8- - c o n t e n t s 1- - F o r a m i n a 1 ,26 5

B a s i s- c o c h l e a e 9 2- lCornu poster ius l 45- crani i externa 42- - - F o r a m i n a L 3 , 2 6 4- - in terna 40-41,278- - - F o r a m i n a 2 6 5- m a n d i b u l a e 0- o s s i s m e t a c a r p i 7 1 , 1 7 6 , 2 5 0- pha[angis Manusl 171-172,175- s tapedis 383-384B - c e [ [ sB I C H ATf a t p a d C o r p u s d i p o -

s u m b u c c a eB fu cat i- a o r t a e 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2- c a r o t i d i s 4 , 11 5 , 1 3 4B [ i n d p o t D i s c u s e r v i p t i c iBody, urface , roject ion f n ter-

n a Io r g a n s 1 - 1B o n e s- of he hand 172- of he skuL[ 34-35, 8, 46- tubular bone, t ructure 7BoTALLoduct , igament Ductus

ar ter iosusBoWN4ANmembrane Lamina

I i m i t a n s n t e r i o rBrachium 2-3, 157 158, 161 ,

1 5-1 7 , 1 9-1 1 , 230, 233-234- arteries 223,235- coLLicut infer ior is 298-299- - super ior is 298-299,370- cross-sect ion 52- f a s c i a 7 8- i n n e r v a t i o n ,e g m e n t a [ 1 6



Brachium- tymphat ics 24- N4Rt 52-253- musctes 179-192, 94-198,

200 20 4, 206-21 , T29-T30- nerves 232,235- t ransverse ect ion 25 3- vesse[s 23 2B r a i n E n c e p h a t o nBrainstem 286, 293, 298-299, 32 0B r e g m a 36B r o n c h i r i n c i p a t e s 4B R O W N - S E o U A R D ' se m i p l e g i a 51B u t b u s l - i l- a o r t a e 1 9

n r r i n i t : l i c a a ?

- i n f e r i o r e n a e u g u t a r i s11 0 - 1 4 1 , 1 4 5 , 2 2 9

- l M e d u L L ab t o n g a t a ) 8 4- ocuti 323-324, 359, 361 364,

369-37 37 4,377 37 8- - M R t3 6 1- otfactor ius 8 , 27 , 283, 286,

292, 318, 337 r57- s u p e r i o r e n a e u g u t a r i s 1 ,140-1 1 , 260, 264-265, 82

B U R D A C Ht r a c t s F a s c i c u L u sc u n e a t u s

B u r s a l - a e l- b i c i p i t o r a d i a t i s6 8 , 7 0 , 9 5 ,

T29- infrahyoidea 24, 29, 13 2- m u s c u t i o r a c o b r a c h i a l i s

1 3-1 4- subacromiat is 63-164,

1 3-1 4- s u b c u t a n e a t e c r a n i 7 0 , 7 8- s u b d e t t o i d e a 8 3 , 9 1- s u b t e n d i n e a u s c u t i u b s c a p u -

t a r i s 1 6 2 , 8 4 , 1 8- synoviaLis 62

cC a e c u m 1 4- cupulare 39 3- vest ibutare 93-394

Calcaneus , eveLopmentC a L c a r v i s 3 1 3 - 3 1 6 , 2 9 , 3 3 - 3 3 4CaLvar ia 9 , 26 1Ca[x 5C a m e r a- a n t e r i o r u t b i 3 6 2 , 3 6 4- poster ior utbi 362, 64- p o s t r e m a u t b i3 6 2 , 3 6 9- vi t rea Camera ost rema uIbi

Canal f ScHLEN4MSinus enosussc erae

C a n a t i c u t u s l - i i

- cochteae 93- [ a c r i m a t i s ( - e s ] 53- - i n f e r i o r 5 7- - s u p e r i o r 57- m a s t o i d e u s 2 , 2 6 4

C a a i [ - e s l- a n a l i s 4- carot icus 41-43, 9, 264-265.

2 7 8 , 3 8 5 - 3 8 9 , 3 9 1- carpi 209, 19,249- c e n t r a L i s0 2 . 3 1 0 - 3 1

345-346- condylar is 0-42, 64-265- d i p t o i c i 6 1- i n c i s i v u s 8 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 7 , 11 3- i n f r a o r b i t a t i s 4 - 5 5 , 0 0 ,

268-269.353

Canalisl es l- [ o n g r t u d i n a t i so d i o t i 9 1- m a n d i b u t a e 9 - 1 0 0- m u s c u l o t u b a r i u s 9- n a s o t a c r i m a L i s2 , 3 5 3- n e r v i a c i a l i s 7 0 , 3 8 6 , 3 9 1 ,

398-399, 57- - h y p o g l o s s i 8 . L 0 - 4 3 , 6 2 .

264-265, 273, 278, T5 7- n u t r i c i u s- opt icus 40-41, 4-55, 7 , 265,

2 7 8 , 3 5 3 , 3 6 13 6 9 3 7 2 , 3 7 5 , 3 7 7T57

- p a t a t i n u s a j o r 5 5- pterygoideus 5-56- r a d i c i s e n t i s 94- s e m i c i r c u l a r i s l - e s l7 9 , 3 9 9- - anter ior 390-392,394- - ta teraLis 90-392,394,398,

40 0- - p o s t e r i o r 9 0 - 3 9 3 , 4 0 0- s p i r a t i s c o c h t e a e 9 1- - m o d i o t i 9 1

- uLnocarpat is 49C A N N 0 N - B 0 H Mo i n tT5 7C a p i t u l u m u m e r i 1 6 1 , 6 8 , 7 0Ca su a- ar t icu[ar is Art icuta t io t tantoax-

ia l is a teraLis j 1- - (Art icula t io ar -

p o m e t a c a r p a t i s o t t i c i s l 7 3- - ( A r t i c u t a t i ou b i t i l1 68- - [ A r t i c u [ a t i ou m e r i l9 ,

1 6 2 - 1 6 3 , 1 8 3 - 1 8 4- - ( A r t i c u [ a t i on t e r p h a l a n g e a

0 r s t a U s i I- - [Art icuLat io etacarpopha-

t a n g e a l 7 3 , 7 5 , 0 7 , 1 3- - lArt icuta t ioadiou[nar is rs -

ta t i s l '169,173,20L- - lArt icula t io ternoctavicuLar is]

1 5 9- - l A r t i c u t a t i oe m p o r o m a n d i b u -

tar is l 62-63, 6-61, 72-73- - . r ; . ^ . n / t 6 h n i d o r l ? ?

- - c r i c o t h y r o i d e a 2 3 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7- externa 294, 308-309, 326-328,

'1'1) -2't /,

- extrema 29 , 308-309, 326-328,332-334

- interna 277, 9 / . , 96 , 07 309,31 -31 , 321, 25-329, 31 335,337-338, 50

- - o r g a n i s a t i o n 08- tent is 36 6C a p u t - 3 , 6 , 3 2 , 1 3 6- b r e v e l M b i c e p s b r a c h i i l 78 ,

182-184,1 6, 188-1 90, 232-233,r29

- c o m m u n e M m f t e x o r e s l 7 0 ,

19 -198

- h u m e r a t e M f l e x o r a r p i t -n a r i s ] 1 8 6 , 9 2 , 2 4 0 , f 3 1

- - (M flexorpoLLicisongus]1 9 7 1 3 2

- - (M p r o n a t o r t e r e s ) 7 0 , 1 8 6 ,192, 204, T31

- h u m e r i 1 6 1 , 1 6 4 - 1 6 5- humerouLnare 86, 92, 95, f31

3 2 0 , 3 3 7 , - i n f e r i u s 7 , 6 9- la tera[e M tr iceps brachi iJ

1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 8 3 , 8 5 , 8 7 - 1 8 8 , 91 ,200-201, 221, 234, 252, 130

- [ o n g u m M b i c e p s r a c h i i )162-1 5, 182-184, 6 , 1 8-1 1 ,2 3 2 , r 2 9

Caput ongum- - {M t r i c e p s r a c h i i l 6 3 - 1 6 4 ,

178-179, 3-1 0 , 232-234,2 5 2 , r 3 0

- m a l l e i 3 8 2 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7- mandibutae 5, 60-61, 3 ,

65-67,400- m e d i a t e M t r i c e p s r a c h i i J 7 0 ,

178-179, 85, 87 191, 194-196,1 8, 200 202, 232-234, 38, 52,T3 0

- (Nucteus audatus l 294,298,3 0 8 - 3 0 9 , 1 3 , 1 5 - 3 1 7 , 2 3 ,3 2 5 - 3 2 7 , 3 3 1 - 3 3 5 , 3 3 7

- o b t i q u u m M a d d u c t o r o t t i c i s )20s , 209, 36

- phatangis Vanusl 171-172,175- profundum M flexorpol l ic is

brevis l 205, 07, 209, 57.T24,T3 6

- radia[e 192, 95, 97, 39, I31- radii 167, 170, 197, 25 4

- s t a p e d i s 8 3 , 3 9 8- superf ic ia te 07, 09, 45, 57,T 2 4 , T 3 6

- s u p e r i u s 7 , 9- t ransversum M adductor ot t i -

c is l 205, 07-209,136- uLnae 6 , 172, 7 , 178, 03, 10- ulnare M flexor arpi ulnar is l

186, 192,240, T3 1- - [ M p r o n a t o r e r e s ] 1 7 0 , 8 6 ,

1 9 2 , 9 7 2 0 4 , 2 3 9 , 1 3 1Cardiovascutar ys tem- ar ter ies 18- overview 18,20,23- veins 20C a r p a I o in t- d i s t a t s A r t i c u t a t i o

med oca pa is- proximaI Art icuLat ioadio-

ca pa rsC a r p a I u n n e l 2 56Carpometacarpat oint of he

t h u m b A r t i c u t a t i o a r -pometacarpaLis o[[ ic is

CarpometacarpaI oints l -Vs Ar-t icu[a t iones arpometacarpates

Carpus 1 8 , 25 6- tTansverse ect ion 25 6C a r t i L a g i n o u so i n t 9Ca t i Lag - nes J- a t a r i s ( - e s l a j o r 6 9 , 8 6 - 8 8 , 36- - m i n o r e s 6- a r t i c u t a r i s , 9- arytenoidea 22-128, 31, 15 4- a u r i c u L a e 9 , 8 0 , 8 2- cornicula ta 22-123, 25-128,

139

- c o s t a t i s 59- c r i c o i d e a 1 4 , 1 8 , 2 2 , 2 7 ,1 3 3 , 1 5 4 , 1 5 6

- c u n e i f o r m i s 2 7 , 1 3 9- epigLot t ica 5 , 104, 22-12/+,

129, 133, 13 6- Laryngis 22-123,125- meatus cust ic i 38 0- nas i 86- - accessor iae 6- - [ a t e r a I i s 6 , 8 8 , 0 9- sept i nas i 86-87- t h y r o i d e a 0 4, 0 8 , 1 4 - 11 5 ,

118, 122-127 129-134, 36-137139, 19, 54, 56

- t racheates 23-124, 26-127,129, 132-134, 137, 15 6

Index

Ca titago[ nes)- t r i t icea 123,126-127- tubae audi t ivae 1 1 388-389Ca u ncu[a- Lacr imal is 52,357- s u b l i n g u a l i s 11 - 11 2 , 1 4C a d a- equina 24,340-344- hel ic is 380-381- ( N u c t e u s a u d a t u s l 9 4 , 3 0 9 ,

3 16 - 3 1 7 3 2 7 3 2 9 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 5 .338-339

c a u d a I i s = i n f e r i o r lCavi tas(tesJ- a r t i c u L a r i s A r t i c u t a t i oc u b i t i ]

17 0- - ( A r t i c u t a t i ou m e r i i 9 , 1 6 5- conchae 80- coronae 94- dent is 94- gLenoidat is 60, 64-165, 84- infragtot t ica 29, 33- m e d u l l a r i s , 1 7 5

- nasi 14, 51, 54, 62, 69, 88, 91 ,1 9 , 61

- or is 14,92,102-103- - p r o p r i a 1 4 , 1 0 3- p h a r y n g i s 3 1- synovia t is 1- tympani 101,379,382, 85-387,

391,394,398, 00C a v u m e p t i e L t u c i d i1 5 , 3 1 7 , 3 3 1CeLIua- ethmoidales 44-45, 53-54, 68,

89, 11 , 323, 58, 61, 377 37 8- - anter iores 8, 90-91, 57- - m e d i a e 0- - poster iores 0-91,T57- mastoideae 4-45, 01, 82,

386, 400, 57- pneumat icae 89- t y m p a n i c a e 8 6 , 3 9 1C e m e n t u m 4Centrum emiova[e 93, 12Cerebet topont in angLe 7 -27 1,

T57Cerebet tum 5, 284, 86, 02-305,

307, 1 , 324, 328,335, 40, 50,39 6

CerebraI emispheres 89- c o r t i c a t a r e a s 9 1- gyri 287,289-290- sulci 287,289Cerebru m 24-25, 285 28 6, 288,

340, 70Cervix- {Cornu oster ius l 45- c T 1 3 5- d e n t i s 9 4- s a n e c k

C h i a s m a p t i c u m2 7 - 2 7 7 , 7 9 ,286 287, 292-293, 295, 297, 302,31 1, 31 8, 320, 323-324, 327, 361,369-371, T57

C h o a n a 3 , 4 7 , 9 3 , 1 3 9Chord -ae]- o b l i q u a 6 8 - 1 6 9 , 1 9 2- tympani 8/+, 69 270, 275, 382,

384-385, 87, 98-399, 57Choroidea 362-364,368C i t i a3 5 2 , 5 5 , 3 7 8C i n g u t u m- lLereDrumi Uo- m e m b r i n f e r i o r i s C i n g u t u m

pe[vicum- - s u p e r i o r i s C i n g u t u m ec -

toraLe



Index

Cingulum Commissura Corpusl-ora) Crista[-aeJ- p e c t o r a t e , 1 5 8 , 6 0 - l F o r n i x l 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 3 3 , 3 3 7 - c i l i a r e 6 2 - 3 6 5 , 3 6 9 - t u b e r c u t i a j o r i s 1 6 1 - 1 6 2- pelvicum 6 - habenularum 95,306,317,337 - clavicutae 59 - - minor is 161-162C i r c u l a t i o n - t a t e r a t i s a t p e b r a r u m 5 2 , 3 5 5 - { F o r n i x l 9 2 - 2 9 5 , 3 1 5 - 3 1 6 , 3 2 0 . - v e s t i b u t i 9 2-

foela l 22-

medial is a lpebrarum 52, 55 327,332-

zygomat icoatveolar is 9, 53- postnata l 2 - poster ior 295,298,306,317, - genicuta tum atera le 297-299, Crus{-ra l 2-3 ,384Circulus 320,334,337 307,328,335,370-371,f57 - anter ius Capsuta nternal 296,- a r t e r i o s u s e r e b r i W t L L t S l7 8 , C o m m i s s u r a l r a c t s 306 - - m e d i a l e 9 7 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 8 , 3 3 5 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 , 3 2 6 , 3 3 3 - 3 3 5 , 3 3 8

318-319 Computed omography CTl , houl- 370,396-397 - - (StapesJ 83-384- - i r i d i sm a j o r 3 6 3 d e r o i n t 1 6 5 - h u m e r i 7 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 , 1 8 4 , - a n t i h e t i c i s 8 0- - - m i n o r 3 6 3 C o n c h a ( - a e ) 1 9 0 - b r e v e 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7C i r c u m f e r e n t i a - a u r i c u l a e 8 0 - i n c u d i s 8 3 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7 - c e r e b r i 7 7 , 2 9 7 , 3 0 1 , 3 3 6- a r t i c u l a r i s l R a d i u s l 6 7 - 1 6 9 - n a s a l i s i n f e r i o r 4 , 4 4 , 5 1 - 5 2 , - l i n g u a e 0 3 , 1 0 7 - [ F o r n i x ] 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 3 0 2 , 3 1 3 - 3 1 7 ,- - lu tnal 166 54,68,87-88, 0 ,116-117,139, - mamil lare 286-287,292-293, 323,328-329,331-332,337-338C i s t e r n a 3 5 7 2 9 5 , 2 9 7 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 9 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 , 3 2 7 , h e l i c i s 8 0- a m b i e n s 7 7 , 2 8 3 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 , - - m e d i a 3 4 , , 4 , 5 1 , 5 L , 6 8 , 3 3 6 - 3 3 7 , 3 7 0 - l a t e r a t e { C a r t i l a g o a t a r i s m a j o r l

3 3 4 - T 7 , f 5 7 8 7 - 8 8 , 0 , 1 0 9 , 3 9 , 7 8 , T 5 7 - m a n d i b u l a e 4 , 4 4 - 4 5 , 6 0 - 6 1 8 6 , 8 8- c e r e b e l t o m e d u t l a r i s8 3 , 3 11 , 3 2 4 - - s u p e r i o r 1 , 8 8 , 5 7 - m a x i L L a e53 - l o n g u m 3 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7- c h i a s m a t i c a 8 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 11 , 3 3 6 - s p h e n o i d a t i s 6 - m e d u l l a r e e r e b e t t i 0 5 - m e d i a t e C a r t i l a g o l a r i sm a j o r l- chyt i 23 Conduct ion naesthes ia , inger - (Nucleus audatus] 94,296, 85-87- fossae atera l is erebr i 283, 251 298,314-317,327-328,331,338 - membranaceum ommune

326-329,332-336, 38-339 Condytus - (Os hyoideum) 15,92,105-107, 39 3- i n t e r p e d u n c u l a r i s 8 3 , 2 9 5 , 3 11 , - h u m e r i 1 6 1 1 2 6 , 1 3 2 - - s i m p l e x 9 3

3 2 3 , 3 2 7 , T 5 7 - o c c i p i t a t i s 5 , L 2 - 4 3 , 1 3 7 , 3 8 8 - ( O s p h e n o i d a t e J 0 - 5 1 , 5 5 - 5 6 , - o s s e u m o m m u n e 9 2- l a m i n a e e r m i n a l i s 2 6 C o n e e t t s 3 6 3 , 3 7 0 6 2 , 1 3 6 , 3 5 3 - - s i m p L e x 9 2- p e r i c a [ [ o s a 11 , 3 2 6 , 3 2 8 - 3 2 9 , C o n f t u e n s i n u u m 2 6 0 , 6 2 , 2 7 6 , - o s s i sm e t a c a r p i 7 1 - p o s t e r i u s C a p s u [ an t e r n a ] 9 6 ,

332,334-335 311,322 - phalangis Vanusl 171-172,257 308,333-335- p o n t i s 3 2 7 C o n i o t o m y 18 - p i n e a l e G [ a n d u l a inea l i s - - ( S t a p e s ) 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 9 8- pontocerebet tar is 83,294,311, Connexus nter tendinei 10-211 - radi i 167-168,203 Cryptae onsi t lares 03

3 2 7 , f 5 7 C o n u s - s t r i a t u m 3 5 0 C u b i t a 5 8- q u a d r i g e m i n a t i s 29 - e t a s t i c u s 2 4 - 1 2 5 , 1 2 9 , 1 3 3 - t r a p e z o i d e u m 9 7 C u t m e n 0 2 - 3 0 4Claust rum 294,308-309,326-328, - medul lar is 340,342-3L3 - ulnae 166,168,203 Cuneus 290,292,331-333

3 3 2 - 3 3 5 , 3 3 9 C o r 1 6 - 1 8 , 2 0 , 3 0 - u n g u i s 3 1 C u p u t a o c h t e a e 9 1 - 3 9 4C t a v i c l e C l a v i c u l a C o r i u m D e r m i s - v e r t e b r a e 3 5 , 5 4 - 1 5 5 C u s p i s e n t i s 9 4CtavicuLa , 105, 118-120, 35, Cornea 359, 362-365,378,f57 - vi t reum 361-362 Cutaneous nnervat ion

1 L / + , 1 4 7 , 1 4 9 , 1 5 2 , 1 5 5 , 1 5 8 - 1 6 0 , o r n u C o r t e x - h e a d 7 91 6 2 - 1 6 5 , 1 7 8 - 1 8 0 , ' 1 8 2 - 1 8 3 , 1 8 5 , a n t e r i u s M e d u t t a p i n a t i s ) - c e r e b e l t i 0 5 - n e c k 7 9189-190,226 345-346,349-350 - cerebr i 261 - segmentat , pper imb 216

- dextra 135 - fronta le 277,293-294,296,298, - tent is 366 Cutaneous erves , pper LimbC t a w h a n d , u l n a r n e r v e a l s y2 2 0 3 1 0 - 3 11 , 3 1 3 , 3 1 5- 3 1 7 , 3 2 0 - 3 2 1 , o r t i c a l a r e a s 2 1 6 - 2 1 7C L E L A N D Si g a m e n t 4 9 - 2 5 0 3 2 3 , 3 2 6 - 3 2 7 , 3 3 1 - 3 3 4 , 3 3 7 - c e r e b r a l e m i s p h e r e s 9 1 C u t i s 3 1 , 2 5 2 , 2 5 6 , 2 6 1

Cti tor is 1-

infer ius Car t i tago hyroideal-

funct ional ccording o FOERSTER Cymba onchae 80Ctivus 40, 51, 62, 138-139, 00, f57 122-123, 26-127 130 291Cochlea 79,382,390-392,391+, - la tera te l t ledul ta pinat is l Costa t -ae] ,135,147,149,

3 9 9 - 4 0 0 3 4 5 - 3 4 6 1 5 2 - 1 5 3 , 1 5 5 , 2 2 9 , 3 1 , 0 , 3 4 2 DC o l L i c u t u s [ - i J - m a l u s 6 7 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 8 , 111 , 11 3 , C r a n i a l e r v e s 5 - 2 6 , 2 6 6 ,- [ C a r t i t a g o a r y t e n o i d e a )2 2 1 2 3 , 1 2 6 - 1 2 7 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 2 , 1 3 7 - 1 3 9 , 2 7 6 - 2 7 7 , 3 0 1 , T 5 5 , T 5 7 D e c i d u o u s t e e t h 7 - 9 8- f a c i a t i s 9 9 , 3 11 1 4 1 - f i b r e u a l i t i e s 5 6 D e c l i v e 0 2 - 3 0 4- i n f e r i o r 7 6 , 2 9 6 , 2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , 3 2 9 , - m i n u s 9 2 , 1 0 5 - 1 0 8 , 1 2 3 , - n u c l e i 0 0 - 3 0 1 D e c u s s a t i o ( - n e s l

336,396-397,f57 126-127,132 - - motor 350 - Lemniscorum 48- s u p e r i o r 7 6 , 2 8 7 , 2 9 6 - 2 9 9 , 3 29 , - o c c i p i t a t e 9 4 , 2 9 6 , 3 1 0 - 3 11 , c r a n i a t i s { = s u p e r i o r J - p e d u n c u t o r u m c e r e b e t L a r i u m

3 3 5 , 3 7 0 - 3 7 1 3 1 3 - 3 1 6 , 3 2 3 , 3 2 9 , 3 33 - 3 3 4 , 3 3 8 r a n i u m , 3 3 - 3 4 , 3 6 - 3 8 , 4 4 - 4 7 s u p e r i o r u m 0 2 , 3 0 5Cot tum 2-3, 6 ,32,136,11+8-11,9 , - poster ius Medut ta pinat is ) Cremaster ic ef lex 346 - pyramidum 286,307,309,31+2

154-156 345-3L6 Cris ta{-ael Deep ensibi l i ty, nconscious 49- a n a t o m i c u m 61 - s u p e r i u s C a r t i t a g oh y r o i d e a ) - a m p u t t a r i s 9 5 D E I T E R S 'u c l e u s 9 7- c h i r u r g i c u m 6 1 , 1 8 3 , 1 9 1 1 2 2 - 1 2 7 , 1 3 0 , 1 3 2 , 1 3 9 - a r c u a l a 2 2 D e n s l - t e s J- mal le i 383,387 - temporate 277,293-29L, - bas i tar is 94 - axis 44-45,324- m a n d i b u t a e 1 , 6 3 3 0 9 - 3 11 , 3 1 4 - 3 1 5 , 3 2 3 - 3 2 5 , - c o n c h a L i s { M a x i t t a l9 - c a n i n u s 3 - 9 5 , 9 7 , 9 9 - 1 0 0 , 1 0 2 ,- r a d i i 1 6 7 - 1 7 0 3 2 7 - 3 2 9 , 3 3 5 - 3 3 6 , 3 3 8 - 3 3 9 - e t h m o i d a t i s 9 ,51 11 2- scapulae 1 0 , 1 5 Corona - fenest rae ochleae 92 - decidui 46, 61 94-95,98-99C o t o n 1 6 - 1 7 - c l i n i c a 4 - f r o n t a l i s 9 - 4 0 - i n c i s i v i 4 , 9 3 - 9 5 , 9 7 , 9 9 - 1 0 A ,- a s c e n d e n s 4 - d e n t i s 94 - g a t t i 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 4 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 4 1 0 2 , 11 2 , 1 5 6- d e s c e n d e n s 4 - r a d i a t a 3 0 - i n f r a t e m p o r a l i s 2 , 5 6 , 6 6 - m o l a r i s ( - e s l 4 , 6 8 , 9 3 - 9 5 ,- s i g m o i d e u m 4 C o r o n a r y l a n e f r o n t a l t a n e - L a c r i m a t i sn t e r i o r 4 9 , 5 1 + - 5 5 , 9 7 - 1 0 0 , 1 0 2 , 11 2 , 11 6 - 11 7- t r a n s v e r s u m 4 C o r p u s l - o r a l 3 5 3 - - l l l 9 3 , 9 9 , 1 0 2 , 11 2C o l u m n a l - a e l - a d i p o s u m u c c a e 0 , 7 2 , 0 9 , - - p o s t e r i o r 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3 - p e r m a n e n t e s 4 - 9 9- anter ior 345-3/ .6 117 - muscut i upinator is 66 - premotares 3,97,99-100,102,- f F o r n i x ] 9 2 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 9 , - - o r b i t a e 11 6 , 3 5 4 , 3 6 1 , 3 6 9 , - n a s a l i s M a x i [ L a l7 11 2

3 1 5 - 3 1 7 , 3 2 3 , 3 2 7 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 5 3 7 2 , 3 7 8 - - [ 0 s p a t a t i n u m ) 8 - s e r o t i n u s D e n s m o l a r i s l l- in termedia 45-3t6 - - preepiglot t icum 23-124, - occipi ta l i sexterna 7 Dent inum 94- p o s t e r i o r 4 5 - 3 4 6 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 , 1 3 6 - - i n t e r n a 0 , 5 7 D e r m a t o m e s 1 6- v e r t e b r a t i s - a m y g d a l o i d e u m 9 2 - 2 9 4 , 3 2 7 , - s p h e n o i d a l i s 0 , 5 6 D e r m i s 26 1Commissura 336,338 - supraepicondytar is a tera t is DESCEN4ET'sembrane Lamina- a t b a n t e r i o r 45 - c a l l o s u m 7 6 , 2 8 7 - 2 8 8 , 1 6 1 , 1 7 0 , 2 5 3 L i m r t a n s o s t e r i o r- a n t e r i o r 7 6 , 2 9 2 - 2 9 3 , 2 9 5 , 29 8 , 2 9 2 - 2 9 5 , 2 9 8 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 6 - 3 0 7 , 3 0 9 , - m e d r a l i s 6 1 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0 D e s m o d o n t i u m s e r i o d o n t i u m

3 0 2 , 3 0 6 , 3 11 , 3 1 7 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 . 3 2 7 , 3 1 2 , 3 1 4 - 3 1 7 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 L - 3 2 9 , - s u p r a m a s t o i d e a 8 D i a p h r a g m a 6 - 1 7 , T 7334-335,337-338,345 331-334,337 - t ransversa 91-392 - sel lae 279



D i a p h y s i s- ( R a d i u s l 7 7- ( U t n a l1 77Diencephalon 84, 88, 97Digest ive ract , overview 14D i g i t u s M a n u s ) 1 5 8- a n u [ a n s 5 7 , 7 1- m e d i u s 1 5 7 , 1 7 1 , 2 5 7- m i n i m u s 5 7 , 7 1- pr imus s Pot tex- q u a r t u s D i g i t u s n u [ a r i s- q u i n t u s D i g i t u s i n i m u s- s e c u n d u s l n d e x- t e r t i u s D i g i t u s e d i u sD I P d i s t a t n t e r p h a L a n g e a Io i n t l

17 5D i p t o e 9 , 4 5 , 2 6 1 , 2 8 0D sc s- ar t icu[ar is Art icuta t ioadiout-

n a r i s i s t a [ i s l 4- - lArt icuta t io ternoclavicutar is l

1 5 9- - (Art icula t ioemporomandibu-

tar isJ 63-67, 3- in terver tebra[ is 53- nerviopt ic i 362,367dis ta t 93-94d i s t a I i sD v i s i o n e s- d o r s a L e sP t e x u s r a c h i a t i s l 1 4- ventraLes Ptexus rachia t is l

21 4DorsaL poneurosis 57dorsal is 1D o r s u m 3- [ inguae 92. 102-103, 07, 13,

14 1- m a n u s 4 , 1 5 7 , 2 4 7 - 2 4 8- - c u r a n e o u s n n e r v a u o n , eg -

m e n t a L 5 1- p e d i s 4 - 5- s e l l a e 3 8 , 0 , 5 0 , 6 , 2 , 2 7 9Ductu[ i xcre tor i i Gtanduta

t a c n m a t r s t c 6 - J c /Ductus( us l- ar ter iosus BorALLo] 2- cochlear is 82, 93-395- d e f e r e n s 5- endolymphat icus 93- lymphat icus exter 23- n a s o l a c r i m a t i s 8 , 3 5 7- parot ideus 8, 70, 72-73, 0 ,

1 0 9 - 1 1 0 , 1 1 6 , 1 3 7- reuniens 393-394- s e m i c i r c u l a r i s n t e r i o r 9 0 ,

393-395- - [ a t e r a I i s 9 0 , 9 3 - 3 9 5 , 3 9 8- - p o s t e r i o r 9 0 , 9 3 , 3 9 5- s u b t i n g u a t i s { - e s ia j o r 111 , 11 4- - m i n o r e s 111 , 11 / +

- s u b m a n d i b u t a r i s 1 0 - 1 1 1 , 1 1 ' ,116-117

- thoracicus 3 , 22 9- utr iculosaccu[ar is 93- venosus ARANTIus]2D u o d e n u m 4 , 1 6Dura mater- crania l is 116-117, 61 262,

278-281,369, 89, 93, Ts 7- spinaI is 136, 54, 42-343

E

E a r 3 79Ear-eye-ptane 3ELbowoint Articutatioubit i

E m i n e n t i a- arcuata 38, 59- cot ta tera l is 14, 35-336, 39- c r u c i f o r m i s 7- h y p o t h e n a r i s H y p o t h e n a r- mediatis 298-299- p y r a m i d a l i s 8 6 - 3 8 7 , 3 9 8- t h e n a r i s T h e n a rE n a m e t u m 4EncephaLon 82,284, 23-32L.

327,332,340,370- a r t e r l e s 1 8- development 84- frontaI ec t ion 326-329- h o r i z o n t a t s e c t i o n 3 0 - 3 3 1 ,

333-336- m e d i a n e c t i o n 3 7- MRr 323-325- sagi t taI ec t ion 337-339- v e n t r i c t e 1 0Endocr ine rgans 30E p e n d y m u m 1 3 , 3 1 5 - 3 1 6Epicon yLus

- l a t e r a l i s H u m e r u s l 6 1 , 6 8 ,170, 78-179, 5 , 1 7, 196, 198,200-203, 31,234,241

- m e d i a l i s H u m e r u s l 5 7 , 1 6 1 ,1 8 , 1 0 , 1 7 8 , 1 8 6 - 1 8 7 , 1 9 - 1 0 ,19 -195, 197 198, 233, 238-21+0

Epicr i t ic ensibi t i ty, a thways f s< a n < i h i l i h r a n i r r i i i r

E p i d e r m i s 1 , 26 1E p i d i d y m i s 5EpigLot t is 03, 26-128, 30, 39,

1 4 1 , 1 5 6E p i p h a r y n x 3 9E p i p h y s e a t l a t e , u m e r u sEp p hys s- d i s t a l i s- - [ R a d i u s ] 7 7- - ( U t n a l 7 7- proximal isE p i t e n d i n e u m 1E p i t h e t i u m- anter ius Corneal 62,364- poster ius Corneal 64E p o n y c h i u m 1E q u i L i b r i u m- contro[ 39 6- pathway 39 7- - afferent /efferent 96E t h m o i d a I o n e 0 s e t h m o i d a t eExcavat io isc i 362, 68Extensio Art icu[a t io oxael T3 9Extra-ocu[ar usctes 358-361- t ' /Rt 361ExtrapyramidaI otor sys tem 350Extremita t , bere , muscles 20 4Extremitas- acromiat is 159, 62-163

- d i s t a [ i s H u m e r u s l- p r o x i m a t i sH u m e r u s )- s t e r n a t i s 5 9Ey e- s O c u L u s { - i lEyebat t 62-364- d i m e n s i o n s 6 2- layers 363

F

Facia[muscles 70-72, 54, 1 , 57Facies- anter ior Corneai 64- - ( l r i s l 362,364- - {Lensl 362,364-366

Facies nterior- - l M a x i t t a ) 9- - p a t p e b r a e 5 5- - par t i s pet rosae 0- - [ R a d i u s ) 6 7 - 1 6 9 , 1 9 7- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 6 9- a n t e r o l a t e r a t i sH u m e r u s ] 6 1- a n t e r o m e d i a l i sH u m e r u s ] 61- a r t i c u l a r i s c r o m i a t i s 5 9- - arytenoidea 22- - c a r p a l i s 6 7 , 1 6 9 , 1 7 4- - c t a v i c u [ a r i s 6 0 , 1 6 4- - ( l n c u s l 8 3- - l M a t t e u s l 8 3- - s t e r n a L i s 5 9- - thyroidea 122,124,126- c e r e b r a t i s 0 s s p h e n o i d a t e l 6- - [0s emporate) 9- contactus 4- costa t is ScapuLal 60- dis ta t i s 94- externa 0s ronta te] 48- i n f e r i o r i n g u a e 0 4 , 0 8 , 11 2

- i n f r a t e m p o r a [ i s 9- in terna 0s ronta te] 50, 55- l a t e r a L i sR a d i u s l 6 7 , 69- [ i n g u a L i s 4- maxiLLar is0s sphenoidate l 6- m e d i a t i s e m i s p h e r i i e r e b r i

320- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 9- m e s i a l i s 4- nasa[ is MaxiLtal 9- o r b i t a L i sM a x i L [ a l9 , 3 5 3- - [0s ronta le] 48,353- - lOs sphenoidate l 4, 51 ' -56,

35 3- - [Os ygomat icuml 4, 35 3- poster ior Corneal 64-365- - l H u m e r u s l 6 1- - llris] 362,364-365- - [Lens) 362,366- - patpebrae 55

c o o r o j- -P d r u 5 P s l r v J o c r v / , w /

- - { R a d i u s j 6 7 , 1 6 9- - l S c a p u t a ) 6 0- - [ U t n a ]1 6 6 , 1 6 9- temporal is Os ronta te] 8- - ( O s p h e n o i d a t e l 6 , 3 8 8- - { O s e m p o r a t e l 8- ves t ibular is 4Fatx erebr i 116-117,261, 7 ,

294,321,325, 57Fascia 11- a n t e b r a c h i i 7 8 , 8 5 , 8 9 - 1 9 1 ,

1 9 9 2 0 1 2 0 2 , 2 0 6 , 2 11 . 2 3 8 , 2 4 3 ,249 254,256

- a r m 1 7 8- a x i t t a r i s 2 4 , 2 2 7- brachii 178,225, 238, 252-253

- cervicaLis 0-72, 109-110,118-1 9 , 1 3-1 4, 136, +3, 56- cLavipectora l is 26- i n f r a s p i n a t a 7 9 , 1 8 5- m a s s e t e r i c a 0 9 - 1 0 , 1 9- n e c k 1 1 9- p a r o t i d e a 1 , 10 9- p e c t o r a [ i s 8 4- p h a r y n g o b a s i l a r i s 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 4 1- temporal is 72FasciaI ompar tments f he hand

249F a s c i c u l u s { - i l- anterola tera l is 48- cuneatus 298-299, 345, 347 34 8- graci[is 298-299, 1+5,47 31'8- in terfascicutar is 47

lndex

Fasciculus[-i]- [a tera l is PLexus rachiaLisJ 5,

214-215,226,232- [ o n g i t u d i n a t i sn f e r i o r 06- - m e d i a t i s 0 2 , 3 0 5 , 0 9 , 3 4 7 ,

396-397- - s u p e r i o r 0 6- m a m i l l o t e g m e n t a t i s 9 5- mamiLtotha[amicus 92, 95 ,

309, 35- media[ is Plexus rachia[ is l 5,

1 7 21 4-215, 226, 232- m u s c u L a r i s a c c e s s o r i u s 3 8- poster ior Ptexus rachia t is ] 5,

2 1 / , - 2 1 5 , 2 6 , 2 3 2- propr i i n ter iores 47- - la tera les 34 7- - poster iores 47- septomarginat is 47- t ransvers i 06,243- u n c i n a t u s 0 6Fast ig ium 02F e m u r 2 - 3 , 6 , 3 0 8-

developmentFenest ra- cochleae 86,392-393- v e s t i b u t i 8 6 , 9 1 - 3 9 3Fi ae- aTcuatae erebr i 30 6- ci rcu[ares 52- cor t iconucteares 70, 9 , 350- - b u t b i 3 50- cor t icore t iculares 96, 08- c o r t i c o r u b r a l e s 9 6 , 3 0 8- cor t icospinaLes 96, 07-308,

35 0- cor t icothaLamicae 96, 08- m e r i d i o n a l e s 6 2- o c c i p i t o p o n t i n a e0 7- ot ivospinaLes 47- par ie tooccipi topont inae 96- p a r i e t o p o n t i n a e 07- pontocerebel lares 50- t e m p o r o p o n t i n a e 9 6 , 3 0 7- thatamopar ie ta les 9 , 348- zonu[ares 63-365Fibrocar t i lago asat is 27 9F i b r o u so i n t 9F i b u l a- developmentf i b u L a r i sF r t u m t - a t- offactor ia ll 266,I57- r a d i c u t a r i aN s p i n a t i s l 8 6 ,

343,31,5- terminale 342-343Fimbria hippoca mpi 292-293.

31 -31 , 328-329. 33-335,33 8

FinaImotor path 35 0

Fi ge r- s D i g i t u s ( - i )- c o n d u c t i o n n a e s t h e s i a 51- j o i n t s A r t i c u t a t i o ( - n e s Ji g i t iFissu a -ae)- ant i t ragohet ic ina 80- cerebet t i 05- hor izonta[ is CerebeLtum] 97 ,

303-301*- [ongi tudina[ is erebr i 282.

285-288, 293, 309, 31 2, 316, 323,326-336

- m e d i a n a n t e r i o r M e d u t l a b -tongata) 86

- - - [ M e d u t t a s p i n a t i s l342-343,345

- nodutof[occutar is 03



Index

Fissura[ ae ]- orbi taI is nfer ior 34,42-43

53-54, 64,27 , 353, 56, 60- - super ior 34, 40- /+144,5/+,

56-57 265,267 268,274,278,3 5 3 , 3 5 8 , 5 7

- p e t r o o c c i p i t a [ i s0 , 3 9 9- petrosquamosa 0, 58- petrotympanica 8-59- posterola tera[ is 04- pr ima 302-303- pterygomaxi[ar is 53- s e c u n d a 0 2 - 3 0 3- sphenopetrosa 1, 43, 64-265,

2 7 9 38 9- t e l o d i e n c e p h a L i c a17- t ransversa erebr i 33 2- tympanomastoidea 8F L E C H S I G ,v a t u n d t e f s F a s c i -

- , , 1 , , ^ ^ ^ ^ r ^ * ^ - - : - ^ r ^L u ( u r J E P r U I t d t g i l r d U 5

FLECHSIG'sract S TractuSs p i n o c e r e b e l t a r i so s t e r i o r

Ftexio Art icuta t io oxael 1

Flocculus 86, 93, 98, 03-304,309,329

Fo[ium ermis 302-303F o l l i c u t ii n g u a t e s 1 3F o n t i c u t u s- anlerior 46-47- mastoideus 6-47- poster ior 46-47- s p h e n o i d a l i s 6F o r a m e n ( - i n a l- a tveolar ia 9, 53- a p i c i s e n t i s 9 4- caecum inguae 38, 40,103-101- c r i b r o s a 8 , 4 0 , 4 8 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 7 ,

265,278- e t h m o i d a t e n t e r i u s 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3- - p o s t e r i u s 4 - 5 5 , 3 5 3- incis ivum 38, 42-43, 52, 26 4- i n f r a o r b i t a L e4 , 6 , 5 4 , 7 9 , 1 ,

268-269,353, 60- interventr icutae 260, 27 , 284,

292-293, 95, 98, 02, 1 _3 1,31 , 31 -31 , 320, 22,327, 33 ,33 7

- ;ugulare 40-43, 40,264-265,271 213, 278,390-391 r5 7

- lacerum 40-43, 6L-265, 78 ,388, 390-39

- t inguate '1- m a g n u m 4 0 - / 1 3 , 7 57 262 ,

264-265,278, 57- m a n d i b u L a e 0 - 6 1 , 3 ,1 0 6- mastoideum 7 38, L0,L2 ,

58-59, 26 4- mentale 34-35, 6 , 60-61, 0,

9 3 , 9 9 - 1 0 0 , 0 6 , 2 6 9- N40NR0 Foramen nterventr ic-

utare- nutr ic ium 159, 166-167, 87- ovale 22, 40-43, 53, 57, 264-265,

269, 7 , 27 , 388-39 , 57- pa[a t inaminora 43, 52,93,264- pata t inum majus /+2-43,52,93,

102,264- par ie ta te 6-38- rotundum 40-41, 5-57,

264-265, 268, 27 , 278, 390, 57- s i n g u l a r e 9 1- s p h e n o p a L a t i n u m 1 , 5 , 7- spinosum 40-L3, 53, 57 ,

26/+-265, 69 278, 39 0- s tylomastoideum 2-43, 9,

101, 61, 70, 86, 399, 57- supraorbi ta te 4, 46,35 3

Foramenl-inal- zygomat icofacia te 3-54, 53- z y g o m a t i c o o r b i t a t e5 , 5 3 , 3 5 6Fo ceps-

major 306, 31, 33- m i n o r 3 0 6 , 3 1 , 3 4FoTearm- s A n t e b r a c h i u m- m u s c L e s A n t e b r a c h i u m ,

musctesFormat io et icutar is 45, 1+8Fornix 276, 292-295, 298, 302, 309,

313-317 320,323-325,327 329 ,331 335, 337-338

- c o n j u n c t i v a en f e r i o r 5 2 , 3 5 4 ,3 5 7 , 3 7 8

- - super ior 354,357,378- s a c c i a c r i m a t i s 5 7Fossa ael- a x i [ [ a r i s 5 7 - 1 8 ,2 2 7 22 9- c a n i n a 9- cerebeLLaris 7- c o r o n o i d e a 6 1 , 1 7 0- c r a n i i n t e r i o r 1- - m e d i a 4 1 , 2 7 7 , f 5 7- - p o s t e r i o r 1 , T 5 7- c u b i t a t i s- digas t r ica 0-61- g l a nduLaea c r i m a t i s 8 , 3 5 3- h y p o p h y s i a [ i s 0 , 5 , 5 0 , 7 , 2 ,

27 9- incis iva 7- i n c u d i s 8 6 - 3 8 7- infraclavicutar is 78, 28- i n f r a s p i n a t a 6 0- inf a temporaI is 3, 53, 36 0- interpeduncutar is 86-287, 02 ,

3 0 9 , 2 5 , 3 6- l u g u t a r i s 2 ,5 9- lateralis cerebri 287-288,290,

314,325-326-

mandibular is 2, 45,58-59, 63 ,6 5 - 6 7 , 3 8 8- o t e c r a n i 6 1 , 1 7 0- popLi tea- p t e r y g o i d e a 8 ,5 6 , 8 7- p t e r y g o p a L a t i n a3 , 5 , 3 5 3- r a d i a t i s 6 1- rhomboidea 98-299, 02, 42,

397- s a c c i a c r i m a t i s 3 , 3 5 3- s c a p h o i d e a 6- subarcuata 0, 59- s u b s c a p u [ a r i s 6 0- s u p r a c t a v i c u t a r i s i n o r 3 2 ,

11 9- s u p r a s p i n a t a 6 0- s u p r a t o n s i t t a r i s 03- t r i a n g u l a r i s 8 0Fossuta l -aeJ

- fenest rae ochteae 86-387,392

- - v e s t i b u t i 8 6- pet rosa 42, 59- tonsi [ [ares Tonsi t ta a ta t ina)

1 0 3Fovea a eJ- a r t i c u t a r i s 6 7- c e n t r a t i s 6 2 , 3 6 7- inferior 299- o b t o n g a 2 2- pterygoidea 0- s u b t i n g u a t i s 0 - 6 1- s u b m a n d i b u t a r i s 0 - 6 1- super ior 29 9- t r i a n g u t a r i s 2 2- t rochLear is 53

Foveota[-ae] 67- granu[ares 9- c r r n r : m o : + i r r 6 Q

F r e n u t u m-

[ i n g u a e 0 4 , 1 0 8 , 11 2- v e l im e d u t t a r i s u p e r i o r i s298-299,305, 36

Frons 33FrontaI one 0s f ronta leFronta l lane 1Fundus- m e a t u s c u s t i c in t e r n i 91

T57- o c u t i 3 6 7F u n i c u [ u s- a n t e r i o r 4 5- la tera t is Medut ta btongata]

299- - ( M e d u t t a p i n a t i s l 4 5- poster ior 328,345- - palsy 35 1

GGalea poneurot ica 0-73,

116-117 261,280GALEN,ein f s Vena magna

cereDrlG a n g t i o n [ - i a J- c e r v i c a l e e d i u m 2 7 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,

147,153-151- - s u p e r i u s 7 , 4 1 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,

1 7 2 7 4 - 2 7 5- cervicothoracicum 7, 133,

140-1/ ,1 , 53- ciLiare 9, 267 268, 27 ,

370-371 373-374,377 T5 7- c o e t i a c u m 7 - 2 8- G A S S F R i a nGa ng l ion r i g e m i -

na e-

g e n i c u [ i 0 1 , 7 0 , 3 9 0 , 9 9- tmpar 27- i n f e r i u s N g L o s s o p h a r y n g e u s l

1 4 0 , 2 7 1 , 3 9 8- - lN v a g u s l 11 0 - 1 / + 1 , 2 7 2- [ u m b a [ r a 7- m e s e n t e r i c u m n f e r i u s 8- - s u p e r i u s 8- o p t i c u m 6 3 , 7 0 , 5 7- ot icum 269, 71, 75, 57- pelvica 27- pterygopa[at inum 01, 68, 74,

377 J57- r e t i n a e 6 3 , 3 7 0- sacralia 27- s e n s o Ti a e r v o r u m pina l i um

26, 3 40, 312-343, 3 48-3 49cervicat ium 40lumbai lum 340,344s a c r a L i u m 4 0

- s p i n a [ e 4 2- s p i r a l e o c h t e a e 7 1 , 3 9 4 , 3 9 7- s te t ta tum Gangl ion ervi -

c0tno acr um- s u b m a n d i b u t a r e 9 , 4 ,11 A ,

114, 69,275, 57- s u p e r i u s N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u s )

27 - 2 7 2- - [ N v a g u s J 4 0 , 2 7 2- s y m p a t h i c u m c c e s s o r i u m 14 7- t h o r a c i c a 7- t r i g e m i n a t e 9 ,1 0 1 , 6 7 - 2 6 9 ,

2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 2 7 72 7 9 , 8 6 , 3 7 2 - 3 7 3 ,385, 89, 399, 57

- t r u n c i y m p a t h i c i 6- ves t ibulare 71, 395, 97

G A S S E R i a na n g t i o n G a n g t i o ntr igem na e

G a s t e r 4 , 6 - 1 7 , 3 0G e n i c u L u me r v i a c i a t i s 9 8

Genu- { C a p s u t an t e r n a i 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 ,327,333-334

- ( C o r p u s a [ [ o s u m l 7 6 , 2 9 2 ,3 0 6 - 3 0 7 , 1 3 , 1 5 - 3 1 7 , 2 0 , 3 2 4 ,332-333, 37

Gingiva 3 , 111-112, 57Gingtymi 23G t a b e t t a 8G a d a -ae]- b u l b o u r e t h r a t i s 5- Labia les 2- [ a c r i m a L i s 1 6 - 11 7 , 6 8 , 7 4 ,

354, 56-357, 60-361, 72-374,377 378, T5 7

- [ a r y n g e a l e s 3 1- Linguales 04, 114,f57- nasates 7 , T5 7- pata t inae 02,f57- p a r a t h y r o i d e an f e r i o r 0 , 130 ,

1 3 3 , 1 3 8 - 1 3 9 , 1 4 1- - s u p e r i o r 0 , 1 3 0 , 3 8- parot idea 4, 69-70, 2 , 77, 80 ,

1 9-1 1 , 118, 120, 38-139, 2 ,1 4 8 - 1 / 1 9 , 1 5 1 ,5 7

- - a c c e s s o r i a 8 , 7 2 , 1 0 9 - 11 0- n h : r v n n o : l o < l ? a - 1 ? a

- p ineaLis 0, 27 , 295, 297-299,301 302, 31 6-317, 20, 329, 34,337

- pi tu i tar ia Hypophysis- s a t i v a r i a e a j o r e s 4 ,11 0 , 11 4- - m i n o r e s 7 5- s u b l i n g u a [ i s 4 , 4 , 11 0 - 111 ,

114-117 275, 57- s u b m a n d i b u t a r i s 4 ,6 8 , 7 2 ,

1 0 - 1 ,1 1 4 , 1 8 , 3 8 - 1 3 9 ,

144-146, 48, 51 275,157- suprarena[ is 0- tarsa les 35 5- thyroidea 16,30, 77, 114-115,

11 8 , 2 0 , 3 0 , 3 2 - 1 3 5 , 3 8 ,140-1 +1, 45-1 ,6, 1 9, 156

- v e s i c u L o s a 5Gtobus at t idus 94- [ateratis 29 , 308-309, 321, 334,

3 3 8- media[ is 294, 08-309, 27,334,

33 8G l o m u s- c a r o t i c u m 7 1- c h o r o i d e u m 1 3 , 1 5 , 2 1 , 3 8G n a t h i o n 3G0LL'sract s Fasciculus rac i t i sGoWER'sract s Tractus pinocere-

beLLarisnter iorG r a n u t a t i o n e s r a c h n o i d e a e 6 1 ,

280-282,311GRAYSoN'sigament 249-250GSA generat omat ic fferenceJ

2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6GSE general omat ic fferencel

300-30 T56GUYoN,oge de s Loge de GUYONGVA generaI isceraI fferenceJ

2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6GVE generaI isceraI fference]

271+-275,300-301,56G y r u s [ - i ]- a m b i e n s 3 6- angu[ar is 285, 89 290, 329,

3 3 1- breves nsutae 28 9



Gyrus(-i)- cerebraI emispheres 87 ,

289-290- c e r e b r i 6 1- cinguti287 288, 90, 92, 07 ,

3 1 - 3 1 3 , 1 ,3 2 4 - 3 3 5 ,3 7- dentatus 92-293, 14 ,

3 2 8 - 3 2 9 , 3 3 5- fasciotaris 92-293, 1 -313- frontaLisnferior 289-291,

325-328,332-335- - medius 85,289-290,312,

325-328,330,332- - superior 85,289-290,309,

312,325-328, 30-33 337- insuLae 09,325-327- tingualis 87, 29,335-336- [ o n g u sn s u t a e 89- o c c i p i t a t e s3 1 - 3 3 3 ,35- occipitotempora[isateraLis

286-287, 9 , 327 329, 3- - medialis 87,290,315,

327-329

- orbitales 86-287, 90, 26,3 3 6 , 6 1 , 7 0- p a r a h i p p o c a m p a t i s8 6 - 2 8 8 ,

290, 9 , 314-31 , 325, 27 329,3 3 4 - 3 3 6 , 3 3 8 - 3 3 9

- paraterminaLis90, 95, 26,3 3 5 , 3 3 7

- postcentralis 85, 89 29 ,312,328-332,348

- precentraIis 70, 85, 89-291,307 312,328, 30-332, 50

- rectus 287, 92, 26, 36-337- supramarg na is 285, 89 290,

329-330- temporatisnlerior 87,

289-290,325-329- - medius 289-290,327-329,

333-335- - superior 89-290,325-329,

332-335- - transversus nterior 91

H

H a b e n u l a 34H a m u [ u s- l r m i n r o c n i r r l i c ? 4 2

- o s s i s a m a t i 1 7 1 - 1 7 3 , 1 7 6 , 2 11- p t e r y g o i d e u s 8 , 4 2 , 5 0 - 5 1 . 3 ,

55-56, 2 , 67 87 92, 102, 1373 88

H a n d M a n u sH e a d 3 2 , 1 36- arteries 258-259- cutaneous nnervat ion 9- r e g i o n s 2-

veins 260H e L i x 8 0H e m i p L e g i aB R o w N - s E o u A R D l5 1H e m i s p h e r i u m- cerebe[[ i 83, 86, 93, 97,

303-304, 09, 1 , 320,329,336-339

- (Cerebrumj 40H e p a r 4 , 1 6 - 1 7 , 2 2HESCHL'sransverse yrus 39 7H i a t u s- canal is ervi pet ros i major is /mi-

n o r i s 2 7 8- m a x i t t a r i s 1- o e s o p h a g e u s 72- s e m i l u n a r i s 0- v e n a e e p h a t i c a e 84

H i [ u m- nucLei enta t i 30 5- - o t ivar is nfer ior is 30 9Hippocampus 9 , 313-31 , 323,

325, 27, 33-336, 38-339HumeroradiaLoint s Art icula t ro

h u m e r o r a d i a [ i sH u m e r o u t n a ro i n t A r t i c u l a t r o

hu me o uLna isH u m e r u s , 1 5 8 , 6 1 , 6 3 - 1 6 1 - ,

168, 170, 182-184,204, 38,252-253

- o n i n h w < o r l n l r t o < 7

- growth pta tes 7Hyoid one Os hyoideumH y p o n y c h i u m 1Hypopharynx 39Hypophysis 0 , 262, 78-27 , 283,

286, 302, 320, 323-324, 327, 337,369

Hypothatamus 30, 295, 302, 320,327 334-337

- overview 95

Hypothenar 57, 80, 06, 49,256, 38

I

I t e u m 4 , 1 6l m p r e s s i o [ - n e s l- gyrorum 40- [ i g a m e n t i o s t o c l a v i c u t a r i s ' ]9- t r i g e m i n a t l s 8 6 , 8 9I n c i s u r a l - a e J- a n t e r i o r 8 0- c a r t i L a g i n i se a t u s c u s t i c i 8 0- f r o n t a t i s 8 , 5 4 , 3 5 3- i n t e r a r y t e n o i d e a 2 8 , 3 0 , 3 9 ,

14 1- inter t ragica 80- j u g u t a r i s 0 s o c c i p i t a t e l 7- [acr imal is 9, 35 3- m a n d i b u t a e 0 , 6 5- mastoidea 7 , 42, 58-59- nasal is 49- par ie taLis 8-59- preoccipitatis 288-290- pterygoidea 6- r a d i a [ i s 6 6 , 1 6 8- s c a p u t a e 6 0 , 1 6 2- s p h e n o p a l a t i n a 9- supraorbi ta[ is 8 , 35 4- thyroidea nfer ior 122- - superior 122-123,125-126- t rochLear is 66, 68-170- tympanica 87- u l n a r i s 16 7I n c u s 7 9 , 3 8 3 , 3 8 7I n d e x 5 7 , 7 1

lndusium riseum 312, 1 , 328,332-333I n f r a - n d u p r a h y o i d u s c t e s

1 5 - 1 7 , 11 , 1 0 , T9 -T1I n f u n d i b u [ u mH y p o p h y s i s )

2 7 - 2 7 7 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 , 2 8 9 , 2 9 7320 ,323

l n i o n 7Innervat ion f musctes , pper imb

2 05I n s e r t i o n f m u s c [ e s l n s e r t i o ] 1Insula[-aej 84, 94, 08, 1 -31 ,

318, 323 321,, 328, 332 33 4,338-339

- pancreat icae 0l n t o r n r l e r n c r r l o ? a A

l n t e r n a I a r 3 9 0

lnterneurons 46I n t e r p h a t a n g e a to i n t s A r t i c u l a -

t i o n e s n t e r p h a t a n g e a el n t e s t i n u m 0- c r a s s u m 14

- t e n u e 1 4 , 7l n t i m a 9l n t u m e s c e n t i a- cervicat is 40,342- [umbosacrat is 1+0,42lr is 352,362-365l s t h m u s- a o r t a e 1 9- faucium 102,f57- g [ a n d u t a e h y r o i d e a e 1 5 , 1 2 9 ,

1 3 2 - 1 3 4 , 1 3 6 , 1 4 8 , 1 5 5- gyr ic inguLi 87,290,33/ .

J

J e j u n u m 4 , 1 6J o i n t , r u e 9

J u g m [ - a J- a lveo[ar ia Maxi t ta] 9- s p h e n o i d a [ e 7

Juncturae ynovia tes

L

LABBE,ein f s VEIN fLABBEL a b i u m- infer ius 92,103-104- L i m b iy m p a n i c u m 94- - ves t ibutare 94- m a j u s u d e n d i 5- m i n u s u d e n d i 5- s u p e r i u s 2 ,10 3

L A D T U M- ar t icutare- gtenoidale 64-1 5 , 18 4La y r i t h- b o n y 3 9 1 - 3 9 2- membranous 93-394La yr i th s- cochLear is 79,397- e t h m o i d a L i s 8- m e m b r a n a c e u s 9 3 - 3 9 4- osseus 391-392- vest ibular is 79, 95, 97Lacer tus muscut i ec t iLatera l is 58| - - - i - ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^ - - + . . - 2 E ?L d L r r r r r d t d P P d r d ( u r u J l

L a c r i m a I l a n d G [ a n d u L a[ a r i m a l s

Lacu ae aterales 261, 280-281Lacus acr imat is 52, 35 7L a m n a - a e ]- a f f i x a 9 8 , 1 3 , 1 5 - 3 1 7 , 2 1 ,

3 2 8 , 3 3 1-

a t b a e 30 5- anter ior Vagina uscu[ i ect ia b d o m i n i s l 79

- b a s i t a r i s 94- c a r t i t a g i n i sr i c o i d e a e 22

124-125, 129, 131, 136- choroidocapi l tar is 63- cr ibrosa 38, 40-41,48, 0-51,

87 265,r57- - sc lerae 362,368- dextra Car t i lago hyroideal

1 2 2 - 1 2 4 , 1 2 7 , 1 3 2- episc[era[ is 68- externa 39, L5,261, 28 0- fusca clerae 36 8- hor izonta t is 2, 47, 50-52, 3,

38 8

lndex

Lamina[-ae]- in terna 39, 45, 261, 80- la tera[ is Car t i tago ubae audi t i -

vael 388-389- - l P r o c p t e r y g o i d e u s ) 8 , 4 2 ,

50, 52, 55-56, 2, 137,388- L i m i t a n s n t e r i o r 6 2- - p o s t e r i o r 6 2- m e d i a t i s C a r t i t a g ou b a e u d i t i -

vael 388-389- - (Proc pterygoideusl 8 , 42 ,

5 0 - 5 2 , 5 6 , 2 , 9 2 , 3 8 8- medut lar is a teraLis Nucleus

tent i formis l 09, 27,33 4- - m e d i a t i s N u c l e u s e n t i f o r m i s l

309 327 33 4- membranacea 89- modiol i 391-392- o r b i t a l i s 3 - 5 5 , 3 5 3- p e r p e n d i c u [ a r i s0 s e t h m o i d a t e ]

38, 48, 2 ,87- - l O s p a l a t i n u m l 9 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 4- pret racheaLis 18-119, 33-134,

1 3 6- p r e v e r t e b r a l i s 1 9 , 3 3 , 3 6- s inis t ra Car t i tago hyroideaJ

1 2 2 - 1 2 3 , 2 6 - 1 2 7 , 3 0 - 1 1 , 1 7- s p i r a l i s s s e a 3 9 1 - 3 9 2 , 3 9 4- - secundar ia 91-392- superf ic ia t i s Fascia ervicaLisJ

7 0 - 7 2 , 0 9 - 11 0 , 1 9 ,1 3 3 , 3 6 ,1 5 6

- - {Fascia emporaLis l 2- t e c t i 3 0 2 , 3 0 5- terminal is 27 , 292, 95, 02,

320, 327 334-337- t r a g i 3 8 0- vascutosa 63Laminar rganisa t ion f REXED

346LaryngeaI uscles Larynx,

musctesLaryngopharynx 39Laryngoscopy 28Larynx 14, 11/+-115, 23-124, 27 ,

129 132, 13/.,141- a r t e r i e s 3 0- [aryngoscopy 28- m u s c l e s 1 2 5 , f , 1 5 7- nerves 13 0Latera t entr ic les . Ventr icutus

la teraLis[a tera t is 1Layers f he eyebat t 63- externa[ 36 3- i n t e r n a l 6 3- middLe 63Lemn cus- [a tera t is 48,397- m e d i a t i s 4 8

Lens 361366,

36 9L e v e r r m , m u s c l e s 1 1L i g a m e n t- of CLELAND 49-250- of GRAYSoN 49-250L i g a m e n t u [ - a l- acromioctavicutare 62-1 4 ,

184- anutare l - ia) 23-121 '- - radi i 168-170,203- - s tapedia te 84- aur icu[are oster ius 81- - s u p e r i u s 8 1- c a r p i a d i a t u m 7 3- carpometacarpa[ ia orsa t ia 173,

203- - p a t m a r i a 7 3 , 11



Index

Ligamentum[-aJ- coLLatera le(- ia l- - [Art icuta t io etacarpopha-

t a n g e a l 7 3 , 7 5 , 2 1 3- - c a r p i a d i a t e

7 4- - - u t n a r e 1 7 4- - radia te 168,170,203-204- - u t n a r e 1 6 8 , 7 0- c o n o i d e u m 6 2 , 6 4 , 8 3 - 1 8 4- coracoacromiale 62-1 4,

182-184- coracoctavicutare 62, 64, 83 ,

1 8 9- coracohumerale 62-1 4 , 18 4- c o s t o c l a v i c u t a r e 5 9 , 8 6- cr icoarytenoideum 22-125- cr icopharyngeum 23-124- c r i c o t h y r o i d e u m e d i a n u m 1 ,

123-124, 26, 129, 32, 134, 36 ,1 5 6

- cr icot rachea[e 23, 33- dent icuta tum 43- g t e n o h u m e r a [ en f e r i u s 6 2- - m e d i u m 6 2- - s u p e r i u s 6 2- hyoepigtot t icum 24,126, 29 ,

1 3 6 , 1 5 6- incudis os ter ius 384,387- - s u p e r i u s 8 4 , 8 7- intercarpaLe{- ia lorsa[ ia 17 3- - in terosseum 74- i n t e r c t a v i c u L a r e1 8 , 3 6 , 5 9- [a teraLe Art icula t ioemporo-

m a n d i b u t a r i s l 2 - 7 3- L o n g i t u d i n a [ en t e r i u s 3 6 , 53- - p o s t e r i u s 3 6- mat te i n ter ius 38 4- - la tera te 384-385- - super ius 382, 384-385, 87- m a n u s 1 7 3- m e t a c a r p a t e [ - i a ]o r s a t i a 7 3- - in terossea 74- - palmaria 173,249- - t ransversum rofundum 17 3- - - s u p e r f i c i a l e 2 4 3- o s s i c u l o r u m u d i t u s 8 4- p a l m a r i a 7 3 , 1 7 5- patpebra[e atera le 354,356- - m e d i a [ e 0 , 7 2 , 3 5 4 , 3 5 6 - 3 5 7- p i s o h a m a t u m 73- pisometacarpate 73- pterygospina[e 2- q u a d r a t u m 7 0- radiocarpa[e orsate 17 3- - p a t m a r e 73- s p h e n o m a n d i b u l a r e 2 , 7 , 5 ,

9 2 , 1 3 8- s ternoclavicutare nter ius 159- s ternocosta te adia tum 15 9- s t y t o h y o i d e u m 2 ,1 0 5 - 1 0 6 , 0 8 ,

119-120, 7-1 8- s tylomandibutare 2, 92, 139- thyroepiglot t icum 24, 29,

136- thyrohyoideum atera le 123, 12 6- - m e d i a n u m 1 8 , 1 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 1 2 9 ,

1 3 2 , 1 3 6 , 1 5 6- t ransversum tLant is 36- - scaputae nfer ius 23 5- - - super ius 162,182-183,

1 9 , 23 5- t r a p e z o i d e u m 6 2 , 6 / . ,

1 3-1 4- ulnocarpa[e a[mare 17 3- v e s t i b u t a r e 2 4 , 1 3 3- v o c a [ e 2 2 , 2 1 + - 1 2 5 ,3 1 , 3 3 ,

15 4

L i m b- lower, p iphyseaI Lates- - oss i f ica t ion entres 8- - synostos is-

u p p e r 15 8- - a r t e r i e s 2 3 , 2 3 5- - cutaneous nnervat ion, eg -

m e n t a l 2 1 6- - c u t a n e o u s e r v e s 1 6 - 2 1 7- - f a s c i a 17 8- - j o i n t s 1 5 8 , T 2 3- - tymphat ics 24- - N4Rt 52- - muscles 179,182-187,

189 192, 19 -198, 00-213- - neTves 15,232,235- - o r i g i n s n d n s e r t i o n s f m u s -

ctes 1 6-1 7 , 192, 98- - oss i f ica t ion entres 8- - synostos is- - vesseLs 32L i m b u s- a n t e r i o r a t p e b r a e 5 2 , 5 5- c o r n e a e 6 2- p o s t e r i o r a l p e b r a e 5 2 , 3 5 5- s p i r a t i s 94L r m e n- i n s u l a e 8 9- nasi 88L i n e f a c t i o n , u s c t e s 1L i e a a e J- axi t tar is nter ior 1- - poster ior 1- e p i p h y s i a t i s , 9- i n n o m i n a t a 4- m e d i a n a n t e r i o r1- - poster ior 1- m e d i o c L a v i c u t a r i s ' l- mylohyoidea 0-62- nucha[ is nfer ior 37, 42- - superior 37,L2-

obLiquaCart i lago hyroidea)1 2 2 , 1 2 6- - [ M a n d i b u t a l 0- paras ternaLis- paraver tebraI is- scapu[ar is- s ternat is 1- t e m p o r a l i s n f e r i o r 5 - 3 6- - s u p e r i o r 5 - 3 6- t r a p e z o i d a 5 9Lingua 68, 91, 103-104, 07 ,

112-117 134, 39,324- i n n e r v a t i o n 0 3- t a s t e u a L i t i e s 0 3Ling a- cerebel t i 98, 02-305- m a n d i b u t a e 0 - 6 2- sphenoidat is 0, 56-57, 90L i q u o r p a c e s , n n e r 3 1L o b u t u s l - i l- aur icuLae 80- biventer 303-304- centralis 295, 302-304- g r a c i t i s 0 3- p a r a c e n t r a t i s 90- par ie ta t is nfer ior 285, 89-290,

329 331- - superior 285,289-290,329- q u a d r a n g u t a r i s n t e r i o r 0 3- - poster ior 30 3- semiLunar is nfer ior 303-304- - super ior 303-304- s imptex 30 3Lobusl- anter ior HypophysisJ Adeno-

hypop ysi

Lobus(- i )- cerebet t i n ter ior 302-303- - poster ior 302-303- cerebr i 288-

dexterGtanduta

hyroidea)114 ,132,134,138

- f loccu[onodutar is 86, 02-303- frontafis 284, 288-289, 310, 36 1- i n f e r i o r u L m o n i s 4- i n s u l a r i s l n s u L a- t i m b i c u s 8 8- m e d i u s u t m o n i s e x t r i 14- occipitatis 28/', 288-289, 292,

3 1 0- parietaLis 284, 288-289,

309-3- poster ior Hypophysis l . Neuro-

hypop ys i- pyramidat is 14, 32- s inis ter GLandutahyroideaJ

115, 1 1 , 120, 132-134, 13 8- s u p e r i o r u t m o n i s 4- temporalis 28/,, 288-289,

3 0 9 - 3 1 0 , 3 1 8 , 3 6 1Locus aeruleus 29 9Loge de GUYON 49,256L o n g i t u d i n a Ix i s 1L u n u t a 1Lymphat ic ys tem, verview 3Lymphat ics- arm 224- axilla 224

M

M a c u l a- c r i b r o s a e d i a 39 2- - s u p e r i o r 9 2- tutea 362, 67MaLleus 79, 83, 87, 99

Mandibu[a , 34-35, 6-47, 60-61,64, 66, 68,84,92-93,99 10/+,1 6-1 8 , 113, 119-120, 5-1 6,1 3 8

- p a n o r a m i c a d i o g r a p h y 00M a n u b r i u m- m a t [ e i 8 3 - 3 8 5 , 3 8 7- s t e r n i ' 1 3 5 - 1 3 6 , 5 2 , 5 9Manus 2-3 , 158, 171, 7 , 205-213,

242-248,250, 257- A P - r a d i o g r a p h 7 - 1 7 7- a r t e r i e s L 2 , 2 4 6- b o n e s 1 72- fasciaI ompar tments 49- j o i n t s 17 3- [ i g a m e n t s 7 3- musctes 206-207, 09 210,

T37-T38- nerves 246- o r i g i n s n d n s e r t i o n s f m u s -

ctes 205- tendon heaths 20 8- - d o r s a l 21 1M a r g o- a n t e r i o r R a d i u s l 6 7 , 6 9- - { U L n a l 6 9- c i t i a r i s 6 5- f r o n t a t i s 0 s s p h e n o i d a t e J 7- gingivat is 4- inferola tera l is 90, 26- inferomediat is 90, 26- infraorbi taLisMaxi t ta j49- - l 0 r b i t a ) 4 , 3 5 3 , 3 6 0- i n s u [ a r i s l n s u t a- i n t e r o s s e u s R a d i u s J 6 7 , 6 9- - l U t n a l 1 6 6 , 1 6 9

Margo- lacr imal is 1r 9- [ a m b d o i d e u s 6 , 5 7- l a t e r a [ i s H u m e r u s ] 6 1- -

(0rbi ta j 353, 36 0- - [ S c a p u t a l 6 0 , 6 5- t i b e r U n g u i s J 1- t i n g u a e 0 3- mastoideus 7- m e d i a l i s H u m e r u s l 6 1- - [ O r b i t a ] 5 3 , 3 6 0- - l S c a p u t a ) 6 0 , 1 8 3- occipi ta l i s Os empora[eJ 8-59- par ie ta l is Os ronta te l 48- - l 0 s s p h e n o i d a t e l 6 - 5 7

- p o s t e r i o r R a d i u s l 6 7 , 6 9- - [ U t n a l1 6 6 , 1 6 9- pupi t [ar is 64-365- s p h e n o i d a L i s 8 - 5 9- s q u a m o s u s Os p h e n o i d a t e l

56-57- super ior Cerebruml 290,326- - par t i s pet rosae 40,59,91- - I S c a p u t a l 60* s u p r a o r b i t a [ i s0 r b i t a ] 5 3 , 3 6 0- - lOs rontaLe) 4 ,44,48- zygomat icus 6M a t r i x n g u i s 1Maxi t ta34, 38, 42, 46-47, 49-55,

68, 86-88, 0 , 93, 98-99, 1 3,I09, 11 , 1 6 , 56, 264,353356-357,378

- p a n o r a m i c a d i o g r a p h y 0 0M a x i t t a r yi n u s 52M e a t u s- a c u s t i c u s x t e r n u s 2 , 4 4 - 4 5 ,

5 8 - 5 9 , 5 , 3 , 5 , 1 0 0 , 6 4 , 3 7 9 ,381-382, 85-387, 00, 57

- - - c a r t i l a g i n e u s 3 , 3 8 2- - i n t e r n u s 8 , 4 1 , 2 6 5 , 2 7 0 - 2 7 1 ,

391 r57- n a s i n f e r i o r / + , 5 4 , 8 7 , 9 0 , 1 0 9 ,3 57

- - m e d i u s 4 4 ,90- - s u p e r i o r / 1 , 9 0 , 1 0 9 , 3 7 8m e d i a t i sM e d i a n a g i t t a I t a n e 1Medu[[a- cervicat is 7 -275, T5 7- oblongata 5, 27, 41, 26/ ' -265,

27 1, 21 , 283-284, 286, 293, 29 ,305, 07, 10, 20, 328, 37, 340,31+2,3L8,I57

- oss ium lava 7- - rubra 7- s p i n a t i s L - 2 5 , 1 , 5 4 - 1 5 5 ,

264-265, 276, 284, 286, 29 , 302,309, 31 , 324, 40, 42-347

- - pathways, fferent 348-349- - - e f f e r e n t 3 5 0- - reflexes 3116- - segments 34 6- - c t r l l . t l , r o e o l l r n ; r 1 / , ' 7

N 4 E l B 0 M i a n[ a n d s G [ a n d u t a eta sa es

M e m b r a n a- f ibrosa Capsuta r t icuLar isJ ,

1 6 8- i n t e r o s s e a n t e b r a c h i i 6 9 , 1 9 2 ,

198, 203 201+,207, 241, 248, 250,2 55

- q u a d r a n g u t a r i s 3 3- re t icutar is 94- s t a p e d i a l i s 8 4 , 3 9 8- synovia[ is Capsuta r t icular is l

9



Membrana MuscLe[sl- tec tor ia Ductus ochLear is l 94 - prever tebra l 21, I12- thyrohyoidea 2 ,107-108, - s ingle ead 11

11 / + - 11 5 , 1 2 3 - 1 2 4 , 1 2 6 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 4 , t e n d o n 111 3 7 - t y p e s 1 1

- tympanica 79,382,384-385, - unipennate 1

MuscuLus(-il- c o r r u g a t o r u p e r c i l i i 0 , 7 2 - 7 3 ,

3 5 4 , 1- cr icoarytenoideus atera t is

125-127,133,r6- - p o s t e r i o r 2 5 - 1 2 7 , 1 3 0 - 1 3 1 ,

1 6 1 , r 6- c r i c o t h y r o i d e u s1 4 - 1 5 , 1 8 ,

125-127 132-134, 137 T6- def toideus 18, 20,144-1 7,

157 165, 78-191 222,225 22 , 228, 32 23 , 24 r 25 ,r2 7

- - a t rophy, x i t [ary erve patsy22 2

- depressor ngu[ i r i s 70-73,1 0 9 , 1 3 7 , T 1

- - tabi i nfer ior is 70-73,I1- - s e p t i a s i 7 0 , 3 5 4 , 1- - superci t i i 0-73,354,f l- d igas t r icus 68, 2-73, 4 , 92 ,

1 0 5 - 1 0 6 , 1 0 - 1 1 , 111 + ,1 6 - 1 2 0 ,137 1 41, 144-1 6, 1 48-151, 399,

19 T57- d i g i t o r u m a n u s 3 0 8- - pedis 308- d o r s i 13- epicranius 0-73, 0, 1 2 , 378,

T 1- e Te c t o r s p i n a e 35- extensor{-es l 55- - c a r p i a d i a l i s r e v i s 1 7 0 ,

1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 8 1 , 8 5 - 1 8 7 , 8 9 ,19 192, 19 , 198-203, 10,23 , 238, 1 ,0_241, 46 ,25/ , -256,r24-I25, 33

[ongus 170, 178-181,1 5- 1 7 , 189-192,194-203,210,234,21,0-241, 46, 253 256,r24-r25,T33

- - - u L n a r i s 7 8 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 7 ,198-203, 05, 1 , 2/+1,255-256, 24-125, 34

- - digit iminimi178, 98-202,210,241255-257r25, 34

- - d i g i t o r u m 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 7 ,191 198-203,210-212,240-2/,1, 4 , 249 250,255-257rzL-r25, 34

- - indicis 98-199,202-203,213,256,r24-r25,35

- - p o t I i c i sr e v i s 7 8 - 1 7 9 ,9 5 ,1 8 203, 1 , 238, 41, 1,6,248, 5 257, 21+-T5,T3 5

- - - l o n g u s 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 9 8 - 2 0 0,202-203,210,241,246,248,250,255-257r24-r25,r35

-externi uLbi 58-361- f a c i e i 0 - 7 3 , 3 7 , 3 0 8 , 3 5 4

- f a u c i u m 08- f t e x o r { - e s ln t e b r a c h i i70

196-197233,240- - c a r p i a d i a t i s 7 8 - 1 8 0 ,8 6 ,

1 2_1 7, 20 ,_205,09, 1 ,238-239,244-245,249,254-256,r24-r25, 31

- - - u t n a r i s 78 , 8 0 , 8 6 ,192-198,200-205,207 208, 20, 38-21+0,244-245, t8,254-256,r24-r25,r31

- - d i g i t i i n i m i r e v i sM a n u s l205, 07 209, 24-T 5, 31,T3 8

lndex

Musc u us[- ] flexor[-esJ- - d i g r t o r u mM a n u s } 4 5 , 2 5 6- - - p r o f u n d u s 1 , 1 8 0 , 8 7 ,

192-193, 97 198,207,209,211,213, 239-240,

249-250, 255-257T24-T25,r32

- - - s u p e r f i c i a L i s8 0 , 1 8 6 - 1 8 7 ,192-198,205,207 209,211,213, 238-239,219-250,254-257r 2 4 - r 2 5 , r 3 1 - r 3 2

- - pol t ic is revis 175, 196,205,207 209 , 244-245, 257r 2 4 - r 2 5 , r 3 6

- - - L o n g u s 7 5 , 1 7 9 , 1 9 2 - 1 9 7 ,205,207 209,211,238-239 , 245, 255-257 ,r24-r25,T32

- f u s i f o r m i s 1- genioglossus 7 , 92, 101, ,

1 0 5 - 1 0 8 , 1 0 - 1 1 , 11 3 - 11 7 , 3 4 ,1 3 6 , 1 5 6 , T 2 , r 5 7

- geniohyoideus7, 92,

104-108,11 0 - 1 1 , 11 3 - 11 7 , 3 5 , 5 6 , 9

- h e t i c i s a j o r 3 8 1- - m i n o r 3 81- hyogtossus 92, 107-108,

110-1 1 , 113-1 5 , 118, 31, , 37 ,1 +8-149, 51,12, r5 7

- infrahyoidei 4-1 5, T7- infraspinatus 63,165, 81-184,

187 191 205,r24-r25, 28- intercosta tes xterni 182, 13- - in terni 182,f13- interossei Manusl T21r-T25- - dorsates 179,181,203,205,

207, 209 21 2, 245-246, 248,250, 257 126, r37

- - pafmares 205,207,209,212-21 3, 245, 250, 257, 37

- intersectus 1

- Laryngis 25-127,308- ta t iss imus ors i 157,179,

1 1 1 83, 1 5-1 7 , 225, 227 228,2 3 2 , T 2 4

- levatorangul i r i s 70,72-73,137 354, 11

- - tabi i uper ior is 70-73,137,?70,354,r1

alaeque as i 70-73,137,354,11

- - palpebrae uper ior is116-117,267, 54, 56, 58,360-361, 369, 372-375, 378,T5 7

- - s c a p u l a e 7 , 8 0 , 11 8 ,120-121 142-1/+3, 1,6, 50,154-1 5 , 182-183,187,17,r24

- -veI i

pa[a t in i92,137-139388-389, 3 , T5 7

- [ i n g u a e 1 0 4 ,1 0 7 - 1 0 8 , 3 0 8 , 2 ,r57

- L o n g i s s i m u sa p i t i s 2 1- [ongi tudinal isnfer ior 104,

107 108,r2- - s u p e r i o r 0 4 , T 2- [ongus api t i s 92, 118, 21, 153,

r7,112,r24- - cot t i 121,133-134,153- '155,

T7.r12-r13,r24- lumbricaLesManus] 06-209,

21 -21 , 245-2/+6,49 250, 57 ,T2L,r37

- masseter 1,, 6-70, 2-73, 0,83,109- '10, 16-120,r4

387,157M e m b r u m- i n f e r i u s - 3 , 6- s u p e r i u s - 3 , 6 , 5 8Meninges 61,264-265- o f h e s p i n a I o r d M e n i n g e s

sp na es- spinales 34 3MesencephaLon 84,288, 97 298,

370mesia t 93-94M e s o p h a r y n x 39M e s o t e n d i n e u m 1 , 11 , 5 7MetacarpaLia Ossa metacarpiM e t a c a r p o p h a [ a n g e a lo i n t I s l- s Art icuta t iones e tacarpopha-

t a n g e a e-

o f h e h u m b A r t i c u t a t i om e t a c a r p o p h a t a n g e a o t l i c i sMetacarpus 8- cross-sect ion 57M e t a p h y s i s- d i s t a [ i s H u m e r u s J- p r o x i m a l i sH u m e r u s lMetathalamus 97-298MetencephaLon 84M o d i o l u s o c h t e a e 9 1Monkey and, Median erve patsy

21 9N4onosynapt icef lex 34 6M0NR0, oramen f s Foramen

interve t r i u a emotoneuron f anter ior orn 34 6Motorend pathway 35 0M o t o r n d - p l a t e 4 6 , 5 0Motor ic i ty.- associa t ion rea 291- pathways 50- projection area 291MRI magnet ic esonance omo-

g r a p h i c m a g e l- Antebrachium 54- arm 252- B r a c h i u m 5 2- brain 324- Encephalon 323-324- forearm 254Muscte pindte 34 6M u s c [ e I s l- a r m 1 8 5 - 1 9 1 , 2 9 - T 3 0- axis of ro ta t ion 11- b i p e n n a t e 1- C a p u t 11- d o u b t e - b e L Ly1-

d o u b [ e - h e a d e d 1- fascia 1 1- forearm 192,198- hand 206-207- - o r i g i n n d n s e r t i o n s 05- inser t io 1 1- larynx 125- lever arm 1 1- l i n e f a c t i o n 11- m u t t i - b e t t y 1- m u L t i - h e a d e d 1- - f l a t 1 1- o f m a s t i c a t i o n 0 , 7 2 , 7 4- - f rontaI ec t ion 67-68- - hor izontaI ec t ions 69- O r i g o 1- para t te l ibres 1 1

- upper imb 182-187,189-192,194-198,200-213

- - o r g i n s a n d n s e r t i o n s1 6-1 7 , 192, 98

- Venter 11- with endinous ntersect ions 1M u s c u L u s l - i l- a b d o m l n i s 2 , 3 0 8- a b d u c t o r i g i t im i n i m i M a n u s l

205,207 209,245,257 , T24-r25,T3 8

- - p o t t i c i s b r e v i s 0 5 , 2 0 7 - 2 0 9 ,24/1-246, 25, 13 6

- - - longus 118-179,194-196,1 8-203, 09.238,241246,248,250,255-257T24-r25,r35

-a d d u c t o r o t t i c i s 9 , 0 5 ,208-209, 214-246, 248, 25 7T 2 4 - r 2 5 , r 3 6

- anconeus 178-179, 81, 87,191, 98, 00-203, 34,241,254,r24, r30

- antebrachi i 08- a n t i t r a g i c u s 8 1- a r t i c u [ a r i s u b i t i1 8 6 - 1 8 7 , 98- a r y t e n o i d e u s b l i q u u s 2 5 - 1 2 7 ,

1 3 0 - 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 4 1 , r 6- - t ransversus 25-127,129,

1 3 1 , 1 4 1 , 1 5 6 , r 6- a u r i c u l a r i s l - e s l 8 1 , 5 7- - a n t e r i o r 1 , T 1- - p o s t e r i o r 1 , T 1- - s u p e r i o r 1 , 11 9 , I 1- b i c e p s 1- - brachi i 157,162-165,

168-17 , 178-1 80, 182-186,188- 1 2, 1 9 ,-19 7, 200, 204,218,232-234,238-240,252-254, zL-T25, T29

- b i v e n t e r 1- brachia t is 1, 170, 78-180,

185-192, 191+-191200-201 218,233 23 4, 238 240, 252-?5 ,r24-r25,r29

- brachi i 30 8- b r a c h i o r a d i a l i s 5 7 , 7 0 ,

1 8- ' t 1 , 1 5-1 7 , 189 19 219 4-202, 20 4-205, 207, 233 23 4,238-241 253-256, r24-r25,T33

- buccinator 68,70, 72-73, 2 , 92 ,102, 09, 116, 37 r1

- b u L b i 0 8 , 3 5 8 - 3 6 1- -

M R t 3 6 1- c a p i t i s 2 - 1 3- chondrogtossus 07, 2- c i t iar is 27 , 362-364,f51- c i n g u L ie c t o r a t i s 08- cot t i 1 -1 3, 1 1 , 1 0 , 30 8- const r ic tor haryngis nfer ior

73, 1 8, 11 , 114, 18, 120, 311 3 3 , 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 4 0 , 5 4 , 5 6 , 5

- - - m e d i u s 0 7 - 1 0 8 . 1 1 3 , 1 3 1 ,1 7-1 8 , 1 0 , 1 6 , T5

- - - super ior 102,107-108,1 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 , 1 4 7 ,156,T5

- c o r a c o b r a c h i a L i s6 5 , 8 2 - 1 8 4 ,186, 1 8-1 90, 218,232-233,252,T24-r25. r29



Index

Musculusl-il- m a s t i c a t o r i i 4 , 6 8 , 7 0 , 7 2 - 7 3 ,

30 8- - f rontaL ect ion 67-68- - h o r i z o n t a l s e c t i o n s 9 , 1 0 9- m e m b r i n f e r i o r i s 2 - 1 3 , 0 8- - s u p e r i o r i s 2 - 1 3- mentaLis 0-73, 137,T1- m u t t i f i d u s e r v i c i s 54- m y l o h y o i d e u s 7 - 6 8 , 7 7 , 9 2

1 0 4 - 1 0 6 , 1 0 - 1 1 , 11 3 - 111 r ,116-120, 136-137. 145- 1 6,1 4 8 - 1 4 9 , 1 5 1 , 5 6 , 9 ,T57

- nasat is 70-73, 5/1 , 1- o b t i q u u s u r i c u l a e 8 1- - e x t e r n u s b d o m i n i s 7 9 , 1 8 2 ,

22 5- - i n f e r i o r 5 4 , 5 7 - 3 6 0 , 3 7 5 ,

378,r57- - s u p e r i o r 1 6 - 11 7 , 2 6 7 , 3 5 4 ,

358-361, 72-375, 78, 57- occipi tofronta l is 0-73, 0, 1 2,

354,T1

- ocul i , nnervat ion 67- o m o h y o i d e u s 7 , 1 0 5 , 1 0 , 14 ,118-120, 37, 143-1 0, 1 4-1 5 ,182-183, 186-187 189 228-229T 1 0

- o p p o n e n s i g i t im i n i m i M a n u s )205, 07 209, 257, 24,T38

- - pol ic is 205,207-209,245-246, 57, 24-T 5 , 36

- o r b i c u [ a r i s c u t i 6 9 - 7 3 , 8 0 , 0 9 ,270, 54-355, 57,378, 1

- - o r i s 7 0 - 7 3 , 8 2 , 9 2 , 1 3 7 , 1 5 6,270, 354, 1

- o r b i t a t i s 5 8- pata t i 30 8- pala toglossus 02-103,

1 7 - 1 8 , 11 3 , 1 2 , r 5 7- p a t a t o p h a r y n g e u s 0 2 - 1 0 3 , 41 ,

T5,T5 7- patmaris revis 206, 238, 43,

r24 , r38- - longus 1 8, 1 0 , 186,

192- 197, 204, 20 , 238-239,249, 54-256,r24, r31

- p e c t o r a t i s a j o r 1 1 8 , 2 0 ,144-149, 78-1 0, 1 2-1 3,1 5 - 1 7 , 1 8 9 , 9 1 , 2 5 - 2 2 9232-233,124,r26

- - minor 118, 1/15-147,182-183,1 6 ,1 9 - 1 0 , 2 8 - 2 2 9 , 3 2 ,r 2 4 , T 2 6

- p e n n a t u s 1- p h a r y n g i s 1 , 1 7 - 1 8 , 0 8- p t a n u s 1- p o p t i t e u s 4 1- procerus 70-72, 137, 54, 1- pronator uadratus 192-197,

20 , 207, 238-239, 245, 250, 256,f2/1 , I32

- - teres 170,179-180,186,192-193, 5-1 8, 2n2-20/+,219,238-240,254-255,r24-T25,r31

- pterygoideus atera t is 64-67,69, 83-84, 2 , 109, 38, 4

- - m e d i a l i s 4 , 6 6 - 6 7 , 6 9 , 8 3 , 9 2 ,1 1 0 - 1 1 1 , 1 3 8 - 1 3 9 , T 4

- rect i 30 8- r e c t u s b d o m i n i s 8 2- - c a p i t i s n t e r i o r 1 1 ,T7 ,

r12- - - t a t e r a t i s 1 2 1- - i n f e r i o r 1 6 - 11 7 , 2 6 7 ,

358-361, 69,375, 78, 57

Musculus[-iJ ectus- - L a t e r a l i s 1 6 - 11 7 , 2 6 7 , 3 5 6 ,

358-362, 69,372-375,377 378, r5 7

- - m e d i a t i s 1 6 - 11 7 , 2 6 7 ,358-362, 7 4-375, 77 378,r57

- - s u p e r i o r 1 6 - 11 7 , 3 5 8 - 3 6 1 ,369 372-375,378, 57

- r h o m b o i d e u s a j o r 1 8 3 , 8 7 ,T24

- - minor 183, 87, f2/1- r i s o r i u s 0 - 7 2 , 0 9 , f 1- s a t p i n g o p h a r y n g e u s 4 1 , 5- s c a t e n u s n t e r i o r 7 , l1 8 ,

120-121, 133, 144-1 45, 1 7, 1 50 ,1 5 3 - 1 5 5 , 1 8 2 , 2 2 9 , T 1 1

- - medius 77 118, 20-121 3 , 1 0 , 153-1 5 , 182,229,1 7 T 11

- - p o s t e r i o r 2 0 - 1 2 1 , 1 5 0 , 53 ,1 5 5 , 1 8 2 , T 1 1

- s e m i p e n n a t u s 1

- s e m i s p i n a t i s a p i t i s 1 , 1 2 0 , 5 4- serra tus nter ior 179, 82-183,1 8 6 , 2 5 , 2 2 72 2 9 , 1 2 4

- sphincter upi l lae 274,362,364

- s p i n a L i s 5 4- s p l e n i u s ap i t t s 1 , 7 7 , 8 1 ,

120-121, 143-144, 146, 150, 15/,- - c e r v i c i s 1 8 , 1 5 4- s tapedius 84,387, 98, T5 7- s ternoc[eidomastoideus 0-73,

77 81 8 2 , 9 2 , 1 0 9 , 1 8 - 1 2 1 , 3 3 ,1/ ,2-1 6, 148-151, 54-155, 79182, 186-187 228-229 T8,157

- s t e r n o h y o i d e u s 7 ,1 0 5 , 0 8 ,11 0 , 11 4 , 1 - 1 0 . 1 3 3 , 1 3 7 , 1 4 4 ,1 7 , 1 9 , 1 4-1 5 , 187, 28, 10

- s t e r n o t h y r o i d e u s 0 5 , 1 4 , ' 1 8 ,'133,136, 4 / . , 7 , 154-155, 28 ,T 1 0

- s tyloglossus 2, 107 108, 110,11 -1 1 , 119, 137 138,T2,T5 7

- s t y t o h y o i d e u s 3 , 9 2 , 0 6 , 1 0 ,114, 18-120, 7-1 8 , 145, 148,1 5 1 , 3 9 9 , T 9 , T 5 7

- s t y l o p h a r y n g e u s 2 ,1 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,120, 37-138, 0 , T5,T5 7

- subctavius 1 , 1 2-1 3 ,186-187 189 226,229,232, 24,r26

- subscapu[ar is 62-163, 65 ,182-181, 86, 89 190, 232,r24-r26

- supinator 170, 192-193,1 5-1 9 , 202-204,238-241 254,T24-r25,T35

- s u p r a h y o i d e i 0 6

- supraspinatus 55, 62-164,182-187 189, 24-r25, r27

- temporal is 64, 66-69,73, 0 ,1 0 9 , 11 6 , r 4

- temporopar ie ta t is 0-72, f 1- t e n s o r y m p a n i 1 0 1 , 8 2 ,

384-385, 87, 89, 98, T5 7- - v e t i a t a t i n i 2 , 1 3 7 , 1 4 1 ,

388-389, 3, T5 7- t e r e s m a j o r 1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 1 1 83 ,

1 5- 1 7 , 189, 9 , 227, 32-23/+,r24-T25,T28

- - m i n o r 1 6 3 , 1 7 9 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 3 - 1 8 4 ,187 191, 2L-T25, 28

- t h o r a c i s 2 , 3 0 8- thyroarytenoideus 26-121

130-13 ' , ]T6

Musculus{- i l- thyrohyoideus 7 , 92, 105,

1 0 7 - 1 0 8 , 1 0 , 1 4 , 8 , 1 2 0 , 3 3 ,137 149, 1 4 , T1 0

- t r a g i c u s 8 1- tTansversus ur icuLae 81- - t i n g u a e 0 4 , 2- - m e n t i T 1- t rapezius 71, 77, 80-82, 118,

120, 42-1 3 , '145, 8 , 1 0,1 4 - 1 5 , 1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 8 1 , 8 3 ,1 5-1 7 , 190, 29, 7 , 57

- r r i . 6 ^ . h r . . h i ; 1 q ? 1 A a- 1 a 4 ,

1 7 0 , 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 8 1 , 8 3 - 1 9 1 ,194-196, 198, 200-202,221232-234 238 241 252-253T24-r25, T30

- uvufae 102,141,388, 3, T5 7- v e r t i c a L i si n g u a e 0 4- vesicae r inar iae 30 8- v o c a t i s 2 7 , 3 1 , 3 3 , 6- zygomat icus a jor 69-72.92,

109, 37 270,354, 1

- - m i n o r 7 0 - 7 2 , 1 3 7 , 2 7 0 , 3 5 4 ,T 1

Myelencephaton 84

N

Nares 86N a s a I a v i t y 1 , 8N a s i o n 3Nasopharynx 39Neck 32, 136, 48-149, 54-156- s a Cervix- c T 1 3 5- c u t a n e o u s n n e r v a t i o n 9- f a s c i a 11 9- r e g i o n s 2NeTVes- hand 246- u p p e r i m b 2 1 5Nervous ys tem- a u t o n o m o u s 8- - f u n c t i o n s 9- centra l 24- p e r i p h e r a t 4Nervusl- abducens Vll 25,41, 7 ,

265-267 27 6-279, 83,286, 93 ,301, 1 , 337, 372-375, 78, 99,T 5 5 , 5 7

- a c c e s s o r i u s X l ]2 5 , 1 , 0 - 8 1 ,1L0-147 149-151, 64-266, 73,27 ,278,283, 86, 93,298,3013 1 8 , 3 3 7 3 4 2 , 3 9 9 , 8 ,T 1 , T55 ,r57

- a lveolar is l -esJnfer ior 67,69,79,82-85, 01, 09, 11

11 - 11 7 2 6 9 , 2 7 5- - super iores 101,268- a m p u t t a r i s 9 5- - anter ior 271,393-395- - la tera l is 271,393-395- - poster ior 393-395- anales nfer iores 6- annococcygei 6- a u r i c u L a r i s a g n u s 2 5 , 0 - 8 ' 1 ,

1 4 2 - 1 f i , 1 7- - poster ior 78,82,84-85,142,

11 5 , 2 7 0 - 2 7 , 3 9 8- aur icutotemporal is 9 85, 269,

275, 57- axiffar is 25, 21 4-215, 17, 222,

227 231 233-235,r24, r27 r2 8- - palsy 222

Nervus[-i] xi[Laris- - s t ructuTe, egmenta[ 22- - J u P P r y i l , Y

- buccaLis 9, 82-85, 269, 27 5- c a n a L i s t e r y g o i d e i 0 1 , 2 7 4 , 3 9 8- cardiacus ervicat is nler ior 27- - - m e d i u s 2 7 , 1 4 0 , 1 4 7- - - s u p e r i o r 7 , 11 + 0 , 11 , 7- carot icotympanicus 98- c a r o t i c u s n t e r n u s 0 1 , 1 4 0 , 3 7 4- cervicales 24, 26, 82, 145-11+6,

299,342- ci t iares 361*- - b r e v e s 6 7 , 2 7 4 , 3 7 4- - longi 268,374- coccygeus 21+, 6, 342-343- cochlear is 71, 82, 90,

393-394, 96-397,r57- crania[es 5 , 266, 27 -277, 86,

30 0- - N u c t e i 0 0 - 3 0 1- - - generaI omat ic fference

[ G S A ) 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6

^ ^ - ^ . : - - r r ^ - - - ^ r G S E I) u i l r d u l t r i l s r r i l L r I

300-30visceraI fferenceGVA]300-30 T56vic rore l o ffo ronco lG\ / t r1

300-30 T56- - - m o t o r 3 5 0

^ ^ ^ ^ : I : ^ - ^ - ^ + i ^ ^ I I ^ -- - - Spec r i l c somaI tc -a l l e rencel s s A j 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 1 0 5 6

viscera l -aference SVAI3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6viscera[-efference SVEI3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6

- cutaneus ntebrachi i a tera t is178, 21 5, 21 7 21 8, 230, 233 23 6,2 4 3 , 2 5 6

- - - media l is 25,178,214-215,217 2 2 0 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 2 , 3 6 ,253,I2/.

- - - p o s t e r i o r 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 1 ,230 231, 23 -23 , 2 46 24 7

- - b r a c h i i a t e r a L i sn f e r i o r 1 5 ,217 231,234-235

s u p e r i o r 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 2 ,2 3 1 , 2 3 4

- - - media t is 25,178,214-215,2 1 7 2 2 0 , 2 9 - 2 3 2 , 3 6 ,253,r24

- - - p o s t e r i o r 7 8 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,221,231,234-236

- - femoris a tera l is 6- - - p o s t e r i o r 2 6- digi ta tes orsa les N radia t is l

2 1 7 2 4 6 - 2 4 72 5 7- - - lN u t n a r i s l 1 7- - patmares ommunes N me-

d i a n u s J 1 , 2 1 7 2 1 + 4lN u l n a r i s j 1 5 , 1 7 , 2 / + 4- - - p r o p r i i N m e d i a n u s ] 1 5 ,

217 2/+/+-246,49,257lN u L n a r i s l 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,2 4 3 - 2 4 4 , 2 4 6

- d o r s a l i s c a p u L a e 5 , 2 1 4 , f 1 7r24

- e thmoidat is n ter ior 82-83,268,37 +-375

- - poster ior 268,374-375- faciaLisVll l 25, 27-29 41 69,

78, 82-85, 101, 1 , 143-1 4 ,264-266, 69-270, 74-278,283,286, 93, 99, 01, 09, 1 , 337,387, 90, 98-399, 1 , T55,T5 7

- - motor por t ion, rganisa t ron270



Ne vus(- fa cialis IVl]- - patsy 78- - - per ipheral /centra l 70- femorat is 26- f i b u t a r i s o m m u n i s 6- f ontaLis ,1 ,79,265, 68,278,

3 7 2 , 3 7 8 , r 5 7- geni tofemoraLis 6- g[ossopharyngeus lX]25 ,

2 7 - 2 9 , 1 , 0 1 , 0 3 , 1 3 , 3 0 ,1 3 9 - 111 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 6 , 2 7 2 7 5 - 2 7 ,278, 83, 286, 93, 99, 01, 09,318, 37,342, 398-399, 55,T5 7

- g t u t e u s n f e r i o r 6- - s u p e r i o r 6- hypogast r icus 7- hypogtossus xl l l 25,41,73,84,

11 0 - 1 1 , 11 3 - 1 5 , 1 3 / + , 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,1 4 5 - 1 4 9 , 5 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 6 , 7 3 , 2 7 ,278, 86, 293, 99, 01, 1 , 337,342,12, r55, r57

- i t iohypogast r icus 6- i l i o i n g u i n a L i s6

- infraorbi ta l i s 8, 73, 79, 81-85,101 116-117 264, 268,27 ,3 5 6 - 3 5 8 , 3 7 8

- infra t rochtear is 2-85, 26 837 4-375

- i n t e r c o s t a L i s4 - 2 6 , 1 4 , 17 ,225 227 228 , 340

- intercostobrachiaLis 5, 14 71 7 8 , 1 7 2 2 7 23 0

- i n t e r m e d i u s 0 ' 1 , 8 6 , 0 9- i n t e r o s s e u s n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r

215, 239,255,r32- - - poster ior 241,268,255- i s c h i a d i c u s 6- j u g u t a r i s 40- [acr ima[ is 41,265, 68, 27 8

356, 72-37 , 377 378, r5 7- [aryngeus ecurrens 27, 130,

1 3 3 , 4 1 , 4 7 , 4 9 , 5 5 , 7 2 , r- - s u p e r i o r 0 8 , 1 4 - 1 1 5 ,

130- 1 31 134, 137 140-1 11 4 6 , 1 5 1 , 2 7 2 , T 6

- Lingual is 7 , 69, 79, 83-85,10 1 10 3 , 1 0 9 - 111 , 1 3 - 1 5 , 9 ,2 6 9 - 2 7 0 , 2 7 5 , T 5 7

- [umbates 24-26, /+2-343- m a n d i b u L a r i sV l 3 lL 1 , 7 9 , 8 4 ,

1 0 1 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 6 9 , 7 2 7 5 ,277 27 9, 286, 7 -373, 75, 389,3 9 9 , 5 5 , 5 7

- masseter icus 9, 82-85, 69, 4- m a x i L L a r i sV l 2 l 1 r 1, 7 9 , 1 0 1 , 1 3 9 ,

2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 6 8 , 2 7 , 2 7 7 2 7 9 , 2 8 6 ,372-373,375,377 399, T55,T5 7

- meatus cus t ic i x terni 83-84- medianus 25, 170, 78, 04, 11,

21 -21 , 21 , 21 -220, 229, 33,

238 21+0, 43 244, 249, 252-257,124, 31 r32, T36-T37- - p a l s y 2 1 9- - s t n r c t r r r e e om c n t a l 1 9- - c r r n n l v i n n a r e a c ) 1 9

- m e n t a l i s 9 , 1 - 8 3 , 5 , 1 0 1 ,269

- m u s c u t i e n s o r i s y m p a n i 75- - - v e l ip a t a t i n i 7 5 , T 3- m u s c u t o c u t a n e u s 5 ,1 7 8 , 9 0 ,

21 *-21 , 21 218, 229 230.232-236,243, 52, 254,256, T24,r29

- - s t r u c t u r e , e g m e n t a [ 1 8- - < r r n n l w i n n a r a t c ) 1 4

- mylohyoideus 9 , 83-85,1 4 5 - 1 4 7 . 1 5 1 , 2 6 9 . 1 9

Nervusl-il- nasociLiar is 1 , 265, 67 268,

2 7 , 2 7 , 3 7 - 3 7 , 3 7 , T5 7- nasopaLat inus 8, 264, 68, 7- obtura tor ius 6- o c c i p i t a l i s a j o r 7 9 , 1 - 8 2 .

142-144,147- - minor 25,80-82,142-145,

1 4 7 1 7- ocuLomotor iusl l l ) 25,21-29,

41 67 265-267 27 , 27 6-279283-284,286, 93, 97 301,318,327, 337 338, 358, 37 1 37 5, 37 8,399, 55, T5 7

- o t f a c t o r i il l 2 5 , 1 8 8 , 2 6 5 , 2 7 8 ,T55,T5 7

- o p h t h a t m i c u sV l l l L 1 , 7 9 , 1 0 1268, 7 , 27 , 27 , 286, 7 -37 ,399,T55,T5 7

- opt icus l l l 25,1 ,167-68,101,1 1 , 2 6 2 , 2 6 5 - 2 6 6 , 2 7 - 2 7 9 2 8 3 ,286, 92, 295, 97, 1 , 323, 337,356, 58-361, 68-378, 55, T5 7

- p a t a t i n u s l - i l a j o r 7 9 , 1 0 2 , 11 3 ,264, 68, 57

- - minores 113,261+,268,274,f57- p e c t o r a t i s a t e r a l i s 1 4 , T 2 4 ,

r26- - m e d i a l i s 4 7 , 2 1 4 , 2 2 6 , T 2 6- n a t r ^ c ' , < m r i n r l ' 1 1 l l 1

264-265, 27 , 27 , 27 8, 390,398-399, 57

- - m i n o r 4 1 , 1 0 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 1 ,2 7 5 , 2 7 8 , 3 9 8 , 5 7

- - p r o f u n d u s | , 1 0 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 ,27/+

- pharyngeus 68,274- phrenicus 25, 145-147, 49 ,

153-1 5 , 21 , 228, 7, 21- - a c c e s s o r i u s 53- pterygoideus atera t is 4 ,269, 4- - media l is 269,389,f4- p u d e n d u s 6- radiaLis 5, 170, 178, 04,

2 L - 2 1 .21 ,2 2 1 , 2 9 2 3 6238-241 246-248, 252-256, 24,T30,T33-T35

- - palsy 221- - s t T U c t u r e ,e g m e n t a [ 2 1- - supptying reas 221- saccuLar is 71, 393-395- sacra tes 4 , 26, 342,f22- spinales 26, 154-155, 14, 40,

31,2-344,349-350- - p a l s i e s 5 1- s p L a n c h n i c iu m b a t e s 7- - pelvici 27-28- - sacra les 27- splanchnicus a jor 26-27- - minor 27

- s t a p e d i u s 7 0- subctavius 5, 21 , 24 , 126- subcostaI is 6- s u b l i n g u a t i s 1 4 - 11 5- s u b s c a p u t a r i s 5 , 1 , n 2 , f 2 4 ,

T 2 6 , T 2 8- supracLavicu[ares 5, 81- - i n t e r m e d i i 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ,

r7- - la tera tes 142-143,217,225,

2 2 9 - 2 3 1 , r 7- - m e d i a t e s 4 2 - 1 4 3 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 ,

r7- s u p r a o r b i t a l i s9 - 8 1 , 3 , 5 ,

11 , 268 269, 7 - 37 , 37- suprascaputaris 5,147, 82,

214, 29 232,235, 24, 27 r28

Nervus[- ]- suprat rochtear is 9, 81-85, 268,

372-373- temporates rofundi 79,83-84,

2 6 9 , T 4- thoracrc i /1-26, 17, 27 228,

3 11 0 , 3 4 2 ,1 5 , 19 -T20- t h o r a c i c u so n g u s 2 5 , 1 4 7 , 2 1 4 ,

227 2 2 9 , 1 7 r 24- thoracodorsat is 5, 1 7 , 21 ,

227 228,232, 18,T24,T2 8- t i b i a t i s 6- t ransversus ot t i 25, 81 ,

142-1 43, T7- t r i g e m i n u s V l 2 5 , 6 7 , 7 9 , 1 0 1 ,

2 6 6 - 2 6 927 - 2 7 7 2 8 3 , 2 8 6 , 2 9 3 ,297, 299, 01, 1 , 322, 48 ,372-375,399, 55,T5 7

- - e x i t o i n t s f h e c u t a n e o u sbranches 26 9

- t rochlear is lYl 25,67,265-267,276-27 9, 286, 293, 298 299, 301,337, 72-37 , 378, T55,T5 7

- t y m p a n i c u s 0 1 , 7 1 , 9 8 , 5 7- ulnar is 25, 170, 11, 14-215,217 219, 229 232-235, 238-241243-245, 247, 249, 252-256, 24,T31 T32,T36-T38

- - patsy 220- - s t ructure , egmenta[ 20- - supplying reas 22 0- utr icutar is 271, 93-395- u t r i c u t o a m p u L L a r i s9 3- v a g u s x ] 2 5 , 2 7 2 9 , 4 1 6 9 , 7 3 ,

8 3 - 8 4 , 0 1 , 0 3 , 3 3 , 3 9 - 1 / 11 ,11,/,-1 7 149, 151 154-155,228,26/ , -266,2t2-273, 7 , 278,283,286,293,299,301 309, 31 , 337,342,398-399, 55,T5 7

- vest ibutar is 7 ,390, 93-395,397 T57

- v e s t i b u t o c o c h L e a r i sV l l l ]2 5 , r 1 ,2 6 5 - 2 6 6 , 2 7 12 7 - 2 7 8 , 8 3 , 2 8 6 ,293, 99, 01, 09, 318, 37, 79,390,393-394, 97,399, 55, 57

- zygomaticus 82, 264, 268-269,27 ,, 356, 375, 377 378, T57

Neu of i rae- a s s o c i a t i o n i s 0 6- commissurales 06- p r o j e c t i o n i s 0 7Neurohypophysis 79, 95N o d u L u s l - i j- {Cerebet tumJ 02-305- l y m p h o i d e i h a r y n g e a l e s 39N o d u s l - i j- t y m p h o i d e u s { - i lb d o m i n i s a r i -

e ta les 23- - - v i s c e r a l e s 2 3- - a x i t t a r i s ( - e s ) 3 , 2 2 4 , 2 2 9

- - - c e n t r a l e s 2 2 9- - - L a t e r a t e s 2 2 9- - - s u p e r f i c i a t e s 2 2 5- - b u c c i n a t o r i i6 , 1 5 0- - c a p i t i s 6- - cervicales nter iores 3 , 136,

22 9profundi 76,229< r r n a r f i r i a l o c ? ? 9

- - - f a t e r a l e s 3 , 7 6 - 7 7 , 2 2 9profundi nfer iores 77 ,150, 55,229

- s u p e r i o r e s 7 ,1 50 ,15 4

s u p e r f i c i a L e s 4 3 , 5 0 ,22 9

- - - m e d i a l e s T 6

lndex

Nodus[ Iym hoideusl cervi ales- - - p r o f u n d i T 6

infer iores 7super iores 7

- - - s u p e r f i c i a L e s T 6- - cervic is 76- - cubi ta les 22 4- - d p l t n n a e t n r a l a < ) 1 9

- - f a c i a t e s 6 , 1 5 0- - i n g u i n a L e s 3- - in tercosta tes 29- - j u g u t o d i g a s t r i c u s 5 0- - j u g u l o o m o h y o i d e u s 5 0- - m a s t o i d e i 6 , 1 5 0- - o c c i p i t a L e s6 , 1 5 0- - parot idei rofundi 77- - - c r r n o r f i r i a l p c 7 A 1 5 0

- - pectora les 29- - n o l v i < n : r i o t : l o c ? ?

- - - v i s c e r a t e s 2 3- - re t ropharyngeates 7- - s u b m a n d i b u t a r e s 8 ,7 6 ,11 0 ,

1 5 0

- - s u b m e n t a l e s 7 , 1 5 0- - subscapuLares 29- - thyroidei 77Nose- car t i lage 86- skete ton 6N u c [ e u s { - i ]- accessor ius ervioculomotor t t

274, 300-301 T57- a m b i g u u s 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 7- anter ior[ -es l ypothatami 95- - thalami 296,309- arcuat i 295- caudatus 294, 296, 98,

308-309, 313-3 1 7, 323, 326-329,331 335, 337-339

- centra t is o tumnae oster ior is396

- - l M e d u t t a p i n a t i s ) 4 8- c e n t r o m e d i a n u s 96- cerebet t i 05- c o c h L e a r i s ( - e s l0 1 , 9 6- - anter ior 397,T57- - p o s t e r i o r 0 0 , 3 9 7 , 5 7- cornus nter ior is musculorum

cotLi 96- corpor is enicula t i a tera[ is 29 6- - - m e d i a t i s 2 9 6- - m a m i l l a r i s 9 5- - trapezoidei 396-397- cuneatus 348,396-397- d e n t a t u s 0 5 , 2 9 , 3 8 , 3 5 0- dorsal is l -es l ypothalami 95- - n e r v i v a g i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7- - thalami 29 6- d o r s o m e d i a L i s 9 5- embol i formis NucLeus nter-

posi tus nter ior- fas t ig i i30 5- gtobosus Nucleus nterposi tus

poste or- g r a c i t i s 4 8 , 3 9 6- intermediola tera l is 46- i n t e r p o s i t u s n t e r i o r 0 5- - poster ior 30 5- inters t i t ia t i s 97- Lemnisci a teraLis 96-397- L e n t i f o r m i s0 9 , 3 2 5- Lent is 66- m a r g i n a L i sM e d u t t a p i n a t i s l

316- m e d i a t e s 9 6- m e d i a n i 9 6- - thalami 309



lndex

Nucteusl - i j Ol iva 273, 286,328-329,T57 )s(-sa l Pala tum 113,T5 7- m e s e n c e p h a t i c u s e r v i r i g e m i n i O p e r c u l u m t - a l 8 9 - m a n u s 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 - d u r u m 4 3 - 4 5 , 5 2 , 8 8 , 9 2 , 0 0 ,

3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7 - f r o n t a L e 8 4 , 2 8 9 - m e t a c a r p i , 1 5 8 , 1 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 1 0 2- metathatami 96 - par ie ta te 84,289 174-176,203,210,246,249-250, - mol te 67,88,92, 00,102-103,-

m o t o r i u s e r v i r i g e m i n i-

t e m p o r a t e 8 4 2 5 7 1 3 6 , 1 3 9 , 1 5 6300-301, 57 Opt ic erve Nervus pt icus - - devetopment - osseum 93- n e r v i a b d u c e n t l s 0 0 - 3 0 1 , O r a s e r r a t a 6 2 - 3 6 5 - - p o L l i c i s 7 5 P a t m a 5 , 1 5 7 , 2 4 3 - 2 4 5

396-397,f57 oral 93-94 - metatars i 6 - cutaneous nnervat ion, egmen-- - a c c e s s o r i i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7 O r a l c a v i t y 2 , 1 0 2 - 1 0 3 - - d e v e l o p m e n t t a t 2 5 1- - fac ia l is 270, 00-301, 57 Orbiculus i t iar is 362, 65 - nasale 34-36, 8 , 45-46, +8, Palmar aponeurosis Aponeuro-- - h y p o g t o s s i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 7 O r b i t O r b i t a 5 0 - 5 1 , 1 - - 5 5 , 8 6 , 8 8 , 3 6 , s i s p a l m a r i s- - o c u t o m o t o r i i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , O r b i t a 3 - 5 5 , 9 0 - 9 1 , 0 0 , 3 5 3 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 p a l m a r i s

396-397,f57 372-375,377-378 - naviculare , evetopment Patpebral -ael 52,354-355- - t r i g e m i n i 4 8 - a r t e r i e s 7 6 - o c c i p i t a t e 6 - L 0 , 4 2 , / ' 6 - 4 7 , 5 1 , - i n f e r i o r 5 2 , 3 5 6 , 3 6 9 , 3 7 8- - t r o c h t e a r i s 0 0 - 3 0 1 , - f r o n t a l s e c t i o n 7 8 5 7 , 1 2 1 , 1 3 6 , 2 6 1 * -2 6 5 , 3 1 0 , 3 11 4 , s u p e r i o r 5 2 , 3 5 6 , 3 6 9 , 3 7 8

396-397,f57 - MRI 369 382,400 Pats ies- o f B E C H T E R E W9 7 - v e i n s 376 - p a l a t i n u m 8 , + 2 , 4 7 , 4 9 - 5 5 ,3 , - h e m i p t e g i aB R O W N - S E Q U A R D ]- of DEITERS97 - ver t ica l ec t ion 378 264, 53-354, 88 351- ot ivar is ( -es l 96 Organ fcoRTl Organum pira te - par ie ta le 34-40,42,1 '6-47,55, - median erve 219- - i n f e r i o r 0 9 , 3 9 7 O r g a n u m l - a l 2 6 1 , 2 6 1 - 2 6 5 - N e r v i p i n a t e s 5 1- - s u p e r l o r 9 7 - g e n i t a l i ae m i n i n a x t e r n a 5 - p i s r f o r m e 7 1 - 1 7 3 , 1 7 6 , 2 0 7 , - p a r a p l e g i a , o m p l e t e 5 1- parafascicutar is 96 - - - in terna 15 209,244,249 - radia l nerve 221- p a r a v e n t r i c u l a r e s 9 5 - - m a s c u l i n a e x t e r n a 5 - - d e v e t o p m e n t - t r a c t s o f t h e p o s t e r i o r f u n i c u t u s- p o n t i n u s e r v i r i g e m i n i - - - i n t e r n a 15 - s a c r u m 6 , 3 4 2 3 5 1

300-301 - spira te 394,157 - scaphoideum 71-174,176-177, Pancreas 1+,6- p o n t i s 3 5 0 - u r i n a r i a 5 2 0 5 P a n n i c u l u s a d i p os u s 1- poster ior ypothatami 95-296 Orienta t ion ines - - devel .opment Papi l la l -ae)- p r e o p t i c i 9 5 - h u m a n o d y 1 - s e s a m o i d e a M a n u s l 7 1 - 1 7 3 , - c o n i c a e 0 3- propr ius CoLumna oster ior) 46 - of he human body 1 175-176 - ductus parot idei 112- pulvinares 96 Origins nd nser t ions f muscles - sphenoidaLe 1+,38,40,42, - f l i formes 103- r e t i c u t a r e s 9 6 - h a n d 2 0 5 4 6 - 4 1 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 7 , 6 2 , 1 3 6 , - f o l i a t a e 0 3 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 8- r u b e r 2 7 6 , 2 9 5 , 2 9 7 , 3 0 1 , 3 28 , - u p p e r t i m b 1 8 6 - 1 8 7 , 1 9 2 , 1 9 8 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 9 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 , 3 5 6 , 3 5 8 , f u n g i f o r m e s 03

3 3 5 - 3 3 6 , 5 0 O r i g o 3 6 0 - 3 6 1 , 7 7 , 3 8 8 - i n c i s i v a 2- s a t i v a t o r i u sn f e r i o r 7 5 , - m u s c t e s 1 - s u r u r a L r a 7 - l a c r i m a t i s 5 7

3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7 - s c a p u l a r i s { M a t i s s i m u s d o r s i l - t a r s i 6 - - i n f e r i o r 3 5 2- - s u p e r i o r 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 1 8 7 - t e m p o r a t e 4 , 3 7 - 3 8 , 4 0 , 4 2 , 4 4 , - - s u p e r i o r 5 2

T57 Oropharynx 39 46-1+7,53-55,58-59,62,65-66, - mammaria 224,227- s e n s o r i u s r i n c i p a l i s e r v i O s l - s a ) 5 4 1 4 0 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 3 7 9 - 38 0 , 3 8 2 , - v a t t a t a e 0 3 , 0 7 , 1 3 , 3 0 , 3 9

t r i g e m i n i 0 0 - c a p i t a t u m 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , 3 8 8 - 3 8 9 , 9 3 , 9 9 - 4 0 0 P a r a n a s a l i n u s e s 8 - 9 ' 1- s o t i t a r i u s 0 0 - 3 0 1 , T 5 7 2 11 , 2 5 0 , 2 5 6 - t r a p e z i u m 7 1 - 1 7 2 , 1 7 4 , P a r a p h a r y n g e a l s p ac e 4 0 - 1 4 1- s p i n a L i s n e r v i t r i g e m i n i - - d e v e L o p m e n t 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , 2 1 0 - 2 11, 2 5 6 P a r a p l e g i a , c o m p l et e 5 1

300-301, 57-

carpi 6 , 158,172- -

devetopment Parasympathet ic ervous ys tem- - - v a g i T57 - c o c c y g i s , 3 1 , 2 - t r a p e z o i d e u m 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 2 7- s u b t h a l a m i c u s 0 9 , 3 5 0 - c o x a e 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , 2 11 , 2 5 6 P a r i e s- s u p r a c h i a s m a t i c u s 2 9 5 - - d e v e t o p m e n t - - d e v e t o p m e n t - c a r o t i c u s 3 8 5- s u p r a o p t i c u s 9 5 - c r a n i i3 4 - 3 8 , 4 6 - t r i q u e t r u m 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , - e x t e r n u s 9 4- t e g m e n t a t e s 95 - c u b o i d e u m , e v e t o p m e n t 2 5 6 - i n f e r i o r 0 , 3 6 1- t h a t a m i 0 9 - c u n e i f o r m en t e r m e d i u m , e v e l - - - d e v e t o p m e n t - j u g u t a r i s 85- t h o r a c i c u s p o s t e r i o r 4 6 , 3 4 9 o p m e n t - z y g o m a t l c u m 1 + , 4 2 , 4 6 , 5 3 - 5 4 , - l a b y r i n t h i c u s 8 5 - 3 8 6- t u b e r a l e s 9 5 - - [ a t e r a [ , d e v e l o p m e n t 6 3 , 6 6 , 9 1 , 2 6 4 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 , 3 6 0 , - L a t e r a t i s 5 3 , 3 6 1- ventra l is l -esJ 96,309 - - media t , evetopment 378 - mastoideus 85-386- - a n t e r i o r 9 6 - d i g i t o r u m M a n u s l , 1 5 8 , 1 7 2 O s s e o u s j o i n t - m e d i a t i s 5 3 , 3 6 1- - in termedius 96 - - - development Ossicuta udi tus 379, 84, 00 - membranaceus Cavi tas ympa-- - posterola tera t is 96 - - (Pes l 6 Ossi f ica t ion entres ni l 385, 87- - n ^ c r A r ^ m A . f i r l i c ? a A - _ _ d e v e l o p m e n t S _ u p p e r / l o w e r l i m b 8 _ - l T r a c h e a ) 2 4 , 1 2 6 _ 1 2 7 , 1 2 9 ,- ventromedial is ypothalami 95 - ethmoidate 4-35, 8 , 40, 48, Ost ium 133,141- v e s t i b u t a r i s l - e s i 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 5 , 6 2 , 8 7 , 9 0 , 2 6 5 , - p h a r y n g e u m t u b a e a u d i t i v a e 8 , - p o s t e r i o r I M e a t u s a c u s t i c u s e x -

396-397 353, 78 136,139,11+1 ternusl 382- - i n f e r i o r 0 0 , 3 9 7 , T 5 7 - f r o n t a t e 4 - 3 6 , 3 8 - 1 ' 0 , L 2 , - t y m p a n i c u m t u b a e a u d i t i v a e - s u p e r i o r 6 1- - la tera l is 300, 97,T57 45-48, 50-51, 4-55, 8 , 385-387 - tegmentat is 85- - m e d i a L i s 0 0 , 9 7 , 5 7 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 3 5 3 , 3 5 6 , 5 8 , 3 6 0 , 3 7 8 O v a [ u n d t e f F L E c H S I G F a s c i c u - - t y m p a n i c u s 94- - s u p e r i o r 0 0 , 3 9 7 , 5 7 - h a m a t u m 1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , l u s s e p t o m a r g i n a l i s - v e s t i b u l a r r s 9 4

2 11 , 2 5 6 O v a r i e s 5 , 3 0 P a r o t i d l a n d . G l a n d u t a a r o t i d e a- - d e v e t o p m e n t S P a r s

0 - h y o i d e u m 5 , 6 7 , 7 3 , 9 2 , 1 0 0 , - a b d o m i n a l i s o r t a e 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 2 ,1 0 4 - 1 0 9 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 3 - 1 1 5 , 1 1 8 , 1 2 0 , P 2 7

Oath and, median erve patsy 219 123-121 ' ,126-127,129-130, - - lDuctus horacicusl 3O b e x 2 9 9 , 3 4 2 1 3 2 - 1 3 4 , 1 3 6 - 1 3 9 , 1 , 1 , 1 / + 9 , 1 5 1 , A C C H l O N l a nr a n u l a t i o n s G r a n - - - l M p e c t o r a t i s a j o r J 7 9 , f 2 6O c c i p i t a t o n e 0 s o c c i p i t a l e 1 5 6 u l a t i o n e s r a c h n o i d e a e - a c r o m i a l i s 6 5 , 8 8 , 2 6 - 2 2 7 ,t - lcc iput 6 - Incae 37 Pain pathways sensibi l i ty, ro to- T2 70cutus l - i l 352 - incis ivum 47, 52 pathic - a lveolar is 0O e s o p h a g u s 4 , 1 6 , 1 3 3 , 1 3 6 - 1 3 8 , - i n t e r p a r i e t a l e 7 P a l a t e 13 - a n t e r i o r C o m m i s s u r a n t e r i o r l

1 4 0 - 1 4 1 , 1 5 5 - l a c r i m a t e 4 - 3 5 , 5 0 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 5 , - h a r d 5 2 , 1 0 2 2 9 3 , 3 0 6O t e c r a n o n 5 7 , 1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 7 0 , 353 - m u s c t e s 3 - - ( D o r s u m ingu ae l 1 3

1 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 1 8 5 , 1 9 1 , 2 0 0 - 2 0 2 , 2 3 1 , l o n g a 7 - o s s e o u s 3 - - t l i g c o l l a t e r a l e l n a r e ] 6 82 3 4 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 0 - 2 4 1 - l u n a t u m 1 7 1 - 1 7 4 , 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , 2 5 0 - s o f t 1 0 2 - - l l o b u s q u a d r a n g u l a r i s a n t e r i -

Olfactory athway T57 - - devetopment Pata t ine one 0s pala t inum or] 303



Pars- a r y e p i g t o t t i c a 2 6 - 1 2 7 , 6- a s c e n d e n s o r t a e 1 8 - 1 9 , 2 7 ,

119,344- at lant rca 52- b u c c o p h a r y n g e a 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 5- caeca e t inae 36 3- c a n a t i s 6 9- car t iLagineaTuba udi t ival 89- cavernosa 258-259, 277 279,

2 9 5 , 3 9 0- centra[ is Ventr iculus atera t is l

294, 09 31 1, 31 -31 , 325327 329,33 1 332, 33 7

- c e r a t o p h a r y n g e a 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,1 7-1 8 , T5

- cerebrat is 59, 77 279, 295,319,369

- cervicat is A carot is nternal259

- - (Columna er tebrat is l- - (Ductus horacicusl 3 ,229- - [ M e d u L t ap i n a L i s )L 2 , 3 4 5-

c h o n d r o p h a r y n g e a 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,11 3 , 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 5- c i I i a r i se t i n a e 6 2 - 3 6 3 , 3 6 5- c l a v i c u t a r i sM d e t t o i d e u s l 65 ,

188, 26, 27- - lM p e c t o r a t i s a j o r ) 11 8 ,

145-146, 78, 86-187 226,T2 6

- c o m p a c t a S u b s t a n t i a i g r a ]2 9 7 30 9

- c r i c o p h a r y n g e a 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 5- c u p u [ a r i s 8 2 , 8 5- d e s c e n d e n s o r t a e 1 , 141 34 4- dis taI is AdenohypophysisJ 79- d u r a l i s 3 42- f t a c c i d a 8 2- q l o s s o p h a r y n g e a 0 7 - 1 0 8 ,

1 7- 1 8 , T5- i n f e r i o rN v e s t i b u t o c o c h t e a r i s l

27 1- infraclavicular is 46-1 '7 ,

21 -21 , 227 228, T28,T30-T36- i n s u [ a r i s 1 8 - 3 1 9 , 2 6- i n t e r c a r t i [ a g i n e a2 8 , 3 1- i n t e r m e d i a A d e n o h y p o p h y s i s l

2 79- i n t e r m e m b r a n a c e a 2 8 , 3 1- int racrania t is A, er tebraI is ]

152- - { N o p t i c u s l 69- i n t r a L a m i n a r i s6 8- i r id ica e t inae 363-365- L a b i a L i s0 ,1 3 7 , 5 6 , r 1- [ a r y n g e a h a r y n g i s 4 , 1 3 9 , 3 2 4- la tera[ is 0s occipi ta te l 6-47,

5 7- [ i b e r a F o r n i x J 9 2 , 3 2 7

- - membri nfer ior is 6- - - s u p e r i o r i s , 1 5 8- [umbat is Cotumna er tebral is ]

6- - {Medut ta pina[ is ]342,345- m a r g i n a L i s 0 , 3 5 3 - 3 5 4 , 1- m y l o p h a r y n g e a 3 7 - 1 3 8 , 5- nasaLis 0s ronta[e] 8- - p h a r y n g i s 4 , 1 3 9 , 3 2 / 1- nervosa 36 8- o b t i q u a 2 6 , 1 3 7 , f 6- o p e r c u t a r i s 8 9- opt ica e t inae 362-363,365,368- orat is haryngis 14, 139,32/+- o r b i t a L i sG [ a n d u t aa c r i m a t i s J

3 5 4 , 5 5 , 6 0 - 3 6 1 , 7 2 - 3 7 4- - lGyrus rontaLisnfer ior l 28 9

Pars orbitalis- - [ M o r b i c u l a r i s c u t i ]7 0 - 7 2 ,

3 5 4 , 1- - l N o p t i c u s ) 6 9- - IOs ronta[e) 4, 45,48,54,353- ossea ubae audi t ivae 89- p a t p e b r a I i sG t a n d u t a a c r i m a [ i s ]

35 6- - {M o r b i c u t a r i s o c u t i l 0 - 7 2 ,

354-355, 1- parasympathica 7-29- par ie ta t is Stra tum ynovia[e) 1- p a t e n s 1 9- petrosa A carot is nternal 259,

26 4- - (Ostemporale l 0-41,44,

L6-47, 58, 265, 382, 388-389,3 9 3 , 3 9 9 - 4 0 0

- p o s t c o m m u n i c a l i sA c e r e b r ranter ior l 277 27 8, 31 320, 32 6

- - [A cerebr i os ter ior l 278,3 1 8 - 3 1 9

- p o s t e r i o r C o m m i s s u r a n t e r i o r l

293,306- - [ D o r s u m i n g u a e ) 0 3 , 41- - tLig . ot ta teraLe Lnarel 68- n a c t l : m i n : r i c l A R

- p r e c o m m u n i c a t i sA c e r e b r i n -ter ior i 278, 18-319, 26

- - [A cerebr i os ter ior l 278,318-319,327

- p r e [ a m i n a r i s 68- prever tebraI is 46-1 7 , 15 2- profunda M masseter] 68, 73 ,

r4- pterygopharyngea37-138,5- r e c t a 1 2 6 , 3 7 , 6- re t icu[ar is 97- sacra t is 34 5- sphenoidat is 94, 18-319- s p i n a t i s M d e t t o i d e u s J 6 5 ,

188,r27- squamosa 38, 40, 6-47, 5L-55,

58-59, 80- s ternocostaLis 20, 26, 26- s u p e r f i c i a t i sG [ a n d u [ a

p a r o t i d e a l 09- - lM masseter) 64,68-69,73,

r4- super ior N vest ibutocochtear is )

2 7 1- supraclavicutar is 18, 1 4,

1 9- 1 0 , 21 1-215, 28, 17 I 18- supratarsa l is 52- sympathica 7-29- iarsa t is 35 2- tecta Fornixj 292-293,327- tendinea Stra tum ynoviate) 1- tensa 38 2- thoracica of tae 18-19,22,27,

27 2- - { C o t u m n a e r t e b r a t i s l- - ( D u c t u s t h o r a c i c u s ) 3- - (Medut ta pinaI is ) 1+2,345- t h y r o e p i g t o t t i c a2 6 - 1 2 7 , 6- t h y r o p h a r y n g e a 0 8 , 3 3 ,

1 7-1 8, T5- t r a n s v e r s a r i a 5 2 - 1 5 3- t r i a n g u [ a r i s 8 9- tuberal is AdenohypophysisJ 79- t y m p a n i c a 7 ,5 8 , 3 8 0PateLLa- devetopmentPatel[ar eflex 346Pathways- afferent 347-349- efferent 347.350

P e d u n c u t u s [ - i l- cerebeffar is nfer ior 276,

298-299,319- - m e d i u s 2 7 0 - 2 7 1 , 2 7 6 ,

2 9 8 - 2 9 9 , 3 0 4 , 3 0 7 . 3 0 9 ,328-329 337-338

- - super ior 276,298-299,304-305, 29,349

- cerebr i 276-277, 86-287,29 6-299 30 1 307, 309 323, 325,336, 70, T5 7

- f toccut i 298,304Petvis 2, 6- r e n a l i s 15P e n i s 5P e r i c r a n i u m 2 - 7 3P e r i o d o n t i u m 4Per iorbi ta 58, 60, 369, 78P e r i o s t e u m , 1 5 4 , 2 5 7Pes 2-3- h i p p o c a m p i 9 3 , 0 9 , 1 4 - 3 1 5 ,

33 6P e t i o t u s p i g t o t t i d i s 2 2 - 1 2 4

Pha a x[ ges l- d i s t a t i s [ - e s ]M a n u s j 1 , 1 5 8 ,1 7 1 1 7 2 , 7 5 - 1 7 , 2 5 0

- m e d i a l - a e )M a n u s l 1 , 1 5 8 ,171-172,175-176,250

- p r o x i m a [ i s l - e s ]M a n u s l 1 5 8 ,17 172, 175-17 , 249 25 0

PharyngeaL onstr ic tors nd eva-tors s pharyngeaI usctes

PharyngeaI uscles T5Pharynx 1 , 124, 36, 39 1 41, 57- i n n e r v a t i o n ,e n s i b l e 3 9- m u s c t e s 3 8 , 5PHILIPPE-G0MBAULT,r iangte f

31 7Pia mater- crania t is 261, 78, 83- s p i n a L i s 4 5P I P p r o x i m a tn t e r p h a [ a n g e a Io i n t l

17 5Pi tui tary Land HypophysisPlacenta 2P [ a n e s- h u m a n o d y 1- o f h e h u m a n o d y 1Planta 5PLantar poneurosis Aponeuro-

s is ptantar isPLantar ef tex 34 6p [ a n t a r i sP L a n u m- fronta te Art icuta t ro oxaeJ 0- m e d i a n u m 6 0- sagi t ta[e Art icuta t io oxae] 10- s c a p u t a r e 6 0- t ransversum Art coxael 10Platysma 67 68, 70-71, 0 ,

1 0 9 - 1 , 1 1 - 11 7 , 1 9 , 3 7 ,142-143, 46, 54, r1P l a r r r : n e r i e t : l i c 1 5 1 ?

Ptexu- a o r t i c u s b d o m i n a t i s 7- bas i lar is 262-263, 9 +-295- brachiaLis 4-25, 118, 1 3-1 7 ,

1 9- 1 0 , 155, 1 4-215, 27 228,1 11, 17, 24, r28, T30-T36

- - branches T2 4^ . , ^ - t . , i ^ ^ ^ - ^ - - T a t - > u P P r y i l 1 9

- cardiacus 27,272- carot icus 274-275- - c o m m u n i s 4 0 - 1 4 1- - i n t e r n u s 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 8 ,

39 8- c a v e r n o s u s 7 . 1 09

lndex

PIexus- cervica[ is 4-25, 9 , 144,

146-1 9 , 1 , 273, 8, T1 -T1 ,r 1 7 , T 2 1 , r 5 7

- - branches T7- - muscte nnervat ion 7- - c r r n n l , , i n n r r o r < T 7

- choroideus entr icu[ i a tera t is2 9 4 , 11 , 1 3 , 1 - 3 1 , 3 2 1 ,327 329, 33 1 335, 337-339, 70

- - - quar t i 276,286,293,298,3 0 2 , 0 5 , 0 9 , 1 ' 1 , 1 8 , 3 7

- - - ter t i i 276,294-295,302,3 11 , 3 1 - 3 1 73 2 0 ,327 328,337

- c o c c y g e u s 4 , 2 6 , T 4 0- c o e [ i a c u s 7- denta t is nfer ior 85, 101,269- - s u p e r i o r 0 1- hypogast r icus nfer ior 27- - s u p e r i o r 7

i ^ + - ^ ^ - - ^ + : t^ , , - o l, , , ( o P o , w u u q u r e '

- [ u m b a t i s 4 , 2 6

- [umbosacraLis 6- lymphat icus x i t tar is 22 4- mesentericus nferior 27- - s u p e r i o r 7- oesophageus 7,272- o p h t h a t m i c u s 57- pharyngeus N gLossopharyn-

geusl T3- - (N vagusl T8- pterygoideus 5, 85, 26 0- p u l m o n a l i s N v a g u s l 2 7 2- renat is 27- sacralis 24,26- t h y r o i d e u sm p a r 1 33 , 4 9- t y m p a n i c u s 7 1 , 2 7 5 , 3 9 8 , 5 7- v a s a L i s e r m a t i s 1- - e p i f a s c i a I i s 1- - s u b c u t a n e u s 1- - s u b d e r m a t i s 1- venosus anal is ervi hypogtoss i

1 , 1 , 2 6 4 - 2 6 5- - c a r o t i c u s i n t e r n u s 1 ,

261+-265,278,389- - f o r a m i n i s v a t i s 1 ,2 6 0 ,

263-265,278,389- - p h a r y n g e u s 3 1- - v e r t e b r a t i sn t e r n u s 1 ,1 5 4 ,

264-265Pt i a ae l- aryepigLot t ica 28, 39, 41- a x i l t a r i s n t e r i o r 1 57- - poster ior 15 7- ci t iares 36 5- f imbria ta 104, 08, 112, 11,- g t o s s o e p i g t o t t i c aa t e r a l i s ' 1 0 3- - m e d i a n a 0 3- i r id is 364-365

- l a c r i m a L i s 5 7- mat tear is n ter ior 382, 385, 87- - posterior 382,387- n e r v i a r y n g e i u p e r i o r i s 3 9 ,

1 / + 1- p a t a t i n a e t r a n s v e r s a e 02- petroc[ inoidea nter ior

2 7 6 - 2 7 7 , r 5 7- - poster ior T5 7- pharyngoepigtot t ica 39- s a t p i n g o p a t a t i n a 3 6 , 3 9- s a L p i n g o p h a r y n g e a0 3 , 3 6 ,

139, 41- semitunar is onjunct ivae 52,

3 5 7- s u b I n g u a t i s 1 2 , 11 4- t r i a n g u t a r i s 0 3



Index

Plica(-ael Processusl-usl Radio-ulnar oint Ramus(-i) nterior- v e s t i b u l a r i s 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 , - t e m p o r a t i s 6 - p r o x i m a t s A r t i c u l a t i o r a d i o u l - - - [ N a u r i c u l a r i s m a g n u s ) 42

136 - t ransversus 21,153 nar is proximat is - - [N cervicat is ) 45-146- v o c a L i s 2 7 - 1 2 9 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 3 6 - u n c i n a t u s ( O s e t h m o i d a L e J1 R a d i u s , 1 5 8 , 1 6 7 - 1 7 0 , 1 7 2 - 1 74 , - - [ N c u t a n e u s a n t e b r a c h i i

P o i n t o f C A N N O N - B O H M57-

v a g i n a t i s { 0 s s p h e n o i d a l e )6 1 7 6 - 1 7 7 , 1 7 9 , 1 9 7 , 2 0 0 - 2 0 4 , 2 0 7 , m e d i a l i s ] 11 , 2 3 0 , 2 3 6Pot tex 157,171 - vocal is 122,121-125,131 210,250,254-256 - - (Sulcus atera l is l 28 9Potus - zygomat icus Maxi t ta l42,48,52, - development - ascendens SuLcus atera t is ] 89- a n t e r i o r B u t b u s c u l i l3 6 2 55 - l l e n s l 3 o o - a u r l c u l a r i sN v a g u s ) 3 - 8 5 ,- - { L e n s f3 6 2 , 3 6 L , 3 6 6 - - f O s f r o n t a l e l 4 , 4 8 - 1 ' 9 , 3 5 3 , R a d i x ( - c e s ] 11 + 0 , 2 6 4 , 2 7 2 , 3 9 8- f r o n t a l i s 8 5 - 2 8 9 , 2 9 2 , 3 1 2 , 3 6 0 - a n t e r i o r N s p i n a l i s ) 5 , 2 9 9 , - b r o n c h i a l e sN v a g u s l 2 7 2

3 3 3 - 3 3 4 - - [ O s t e m p o r a l e ) , 2 , 5 8 - 5 9 , 6 2 , 3 L 1 , 3 5 0 - b u c c a t e s 8 , 8 0 , 11 6 , 2 7 0- occipi ta l i s 85-289,292,312, 66 - ct in ica 94 - calcar inus 70

333-334 Project ion reas - crania tes 73,299,f57 - cardiaci ervicates nfer iores- p o s t e r i o r B u L b u s c u t i l362 - a u d i t i o n 9 1 - d e n t i s 9 4 2 7 2- - l l e n s l 3 6 2 , 3 6 6 - m o t o r i c i t y 9 1 - f a c i a l i s l N a n a l i s p t e r y g o i d ei ) - - - s u p e r i o r e s 3 3 , 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 ,- temporal is 284,286-287,289, - sensory ys tem 291 398 1/+7,272

314,326 - vis ion 291 - infer ior Ansa ervical is ] 5 , - - thoracic i N vagusl 272Polysynapt ic ef lex 346 Project ion racts 307 145,273 - carpal is orsa l is A radia l is lP o n s 2 5 , 2 7 , 2 6 7 - 2 6 8 , 2 1 0 - 2 7 2 , P r o m i n e n t i a - l a t e r a l i s N m e d i a n u s ] 1 5 2 4 6 , 2 4 8

254,286,293-295,297,299, - canal is facia l is 86 - - (Tractusopt icus l 70 - - - (A utnar is l 223,238-239,3 0 1 - 3 0 2 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 0 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 4 - 3 2 5 , - s e m i c i r c u L a r i sa t e r a t i s 8 6 - [ i n g u a e 0 3 - 1 0 4 , 0 7 , 111 , 11 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 8327-328,337-338,342,3/ '4 ,T57 - laryngea 122,132,148 129-130,139 - - palmaris A radia t is l 223,

P o r u s - m a t t e a r i s 8 2 - m e d i a l i s N m e d i a n u s l 1 5 2 4 2 , 2 L 5- a c u s t i c u s e x t e r n u s 5 , 4 3 , - s p i r a t i s 9 4 - - l Tr a c t u s o p t i c u s ) 70 - - - (A u l n a r i s l 2 3 , 2 4 2 , 2 4 5

6 2 - 6 3 , 1 3 7 , 3 8 2 , 0 0 P r o m o n t o r i u m C a v i t a sy m p a n i l - m o t o r i a a n t e r i o r N s p i n a t i s ) - c h i a s m a t i c u s 1 9- - i n t e r n u s 8 , 4 0 , 5 9 , 6 5 , 2 7 8 , 3 8 5 - 3 8 7 , 3 9 8 - - lN t r i g e m i n u s l 0 1 , 6 8 , 2 7 7 , - c h o r o i d e u s o s t e r i o r 21

390,400, 57 Pronat io Art icula t io ubi t i ]T23 286,299 - clavicutar is A thoracoacromi-Poster ior uniculus , a tsy f he Prosencephalon 84 - nervoTum ervical ium 41 a t is l 226

351 Prosta ta 15 - - coccygeorum 41 - coel iac i N vagusl 272P r e c u n e u s 9 0 , 3 2 9 , 3 3 1 - 3 3 2 P r o t u b e r a n t i a - - l u m b a l i u m 4 1 - c o t t i8 1 , 11 0 , 1 4 3 - 1 4 4 , 2 7 0P r o c e s s u s l - u s j - m e n t a t i s 5 . 6 0 . 1 0 6 - - s a c r a l i u m 4 1 - c o m m u n i c a n s [ - t e s j 4 2- a L v e o t a r i sM a x i t l a l 4 , 4 9 , - o c c i p i t a t i sx t e r n a 7 - 3 8 , 4 2 - - t h o r a c i c o r u m 4 1 - - c u m g a n g t i o i l i a r i 2 6 8

5 4 - 5 5 , 9 3 - - i n t e r n a 0 , 5 7 - p a r a s y m p a t h i c aG a n g l i o n i l - - - c u m n e r v o a c i a t i 7 7- a n t e r i o r l M a t t e u s l 8 3 - 3 8 4 p r o x i m a l i s i a r e ) 2 6 7 , 2 7 4 , 3 7 4 - - c u m n e r v o g t o s s o p h a r y n g e o- c i l i a r e s 6 3 - 3 6 5 P t e r y g o p a l a t i n eo s s a 53 - - lGang l i on t i c u m ]2 7 5 2 1 0 , 2 7 2- c l i n o i d e u s n t e r i o r 0 , 4 5 , P u t m o 1 6 - 1 7 - - lGang l i on t e r y g o p a l a t i n u m ] - - c u m n e T v o a c r i m a t i 6 8

56-57,278-279 - dexter 14 274 - - cum nervo utnar i 215,244- - m e d i u s 5 7 , 2 7 9 - s i n i s t e r 4 - - I G a n g l i o n s u b m a n d i b u t a r e l - - c u m n e T v o v a g o 7 0- - p o s t e r i o r 0 , 4 5 , 5 6 - 5 7 , 2 7 8 P u t p a 2 7 5 - - c u m n e r v o z y g o m a t i c o 68 ,- c o c h l e a r i f o r m i s 8 5 - 3 8 7 , 3 9 8 - c o r o n a l i s 4 - - lN t r i g e m i n u s l 0 1 3 5 6 , 3 7 7 , f 5 7- c o n d y t a r i s 0 - 6 2 , 6 5 , 8 3 , 9 1 , - d e n t i s 9 4 - p o s t e r i o r l N p i n a l i s l 6 , 2 9 9 , - - c u m p l e x u t y m p a n i c o 70

100, 109-

radicular is 4 342-343,31,5- -

cum ramo auricular i ervi- coracoideus 60,162-165, Putvinar thatami 96-299,322,329 - sensor ia Gangl ion i l iare l274, vagi 2711 8 3 - 1 8 4 , 1 8 9 P u n c t u m ( - a l 3 7 4 - - [ N s p i n a l i s l 6

- c o r o n o r d e u s l N 4 a n d r b u t a l0 - 6 3 , - l a c r i m a l i a 5 2 , 3 5 7 - - l G a n g l r o n o t i c u m ]75 - - ( Tr u n c u s s y m p a t h i c u s l 7 .65, 83, 91 - nervosum T7 - - [Gangl ion terygopala t inuml 14 7

- - l U t n a l 1 6 6 , 1 6 8 - 1 7 0 P u p i t t a 5 2 , 3 5 9 , 3 6 3 - 3 6 5 2 7 1 - - u L n a r i s 1 7- ethmoidal is 1 Putamen 294,308-309,326-328, - - fGangl ion ubmandibutare l - cr icothyroideusA thyroidea u-- f r o n t a t i s M a x i t t a l 4 , 4 6 , 4 9 - 5 0 , 3 3 2 - 3 3 5 , 3 8 - 3 3 9 2 7 5 p e r i o r l 1 36

8 6 , 5 3 , 5 6 - 3 5 7 P y r a m i d r a c t 3 0 7 , 0 9 , 5 0 - - lN t r i g e m i n u s J 1 , 2 6 7 - 2 6 8 , - - (V h y r o i d e a u p e r i o r l 36- - [ O s y g o m a t i c u m ] 1 , 3 5 3 P y r a m i s 2 7 7 , 2 8 6 , 2 9 9 , 3 7 4 - c u t a n e u s ( - i lA c i r c u m f l e x a- i n t r a j u g u [ a r i s0 s o c c i p i t a [ e J 7 - m e d u I t a e b [ o n g a t a e 6 7 , 2 8 6 , - s p i n a l e s 6 4 - 2 6 5 , 2 7 3 , 2 7 6 , 2 9 9, h u m e r i o s t e r i o r ) 3 1- - l O s t e m p o r a l e ] 9 2 9 9 , 3 0 7 , T 5 7 3 0 1 , T 5 7 - - a n t e r i o r e s ( N n h o r a c i c i l 6- jugutar is 40. 57 - vermis 302-30L - super ior Ansa ervical is l 5 , - - - pectora les N intercosta l is l- l a t e r a t i s l M a l l e u s l 8 3 - 3 8 4 , 3 8 7 11 , 4 - 1 4 5 , 1 4 7 - 1 4 9 , 2 7 3 , 1 7 1 4 8 , 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 8- l e n t i c u t a r i s 8 3 , 8 7 - s y m p a t h i c aG a n g t i o n i t i a r e l - - l a t e r a l e s N n t h o r a c i c i ] 5 ,- mastoideus 7 ,42-44,58-59, Q 274,374 340

6 3 , 1 0 5 , 1 0 9 , 1 2 1 , 1 3 7 . 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 , - - l G a n g t i o n o t i c u m j 75 - - - p e c t o r a l e s { N n t e r c o s t a l i s l3 7 9 - 3 8 0 , 8 6 , 9 9 Q u a d r a n g u l a r p a c e 1 8 3 , 8 9 , - - f G a n g l i o n t e r y g o p a l a t i n u m l 2 1 7 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 - 2 2 8

- m u s c u l a r i s 2 2 , 1 2 5 1 9 1 2 7 4 - - p o s t e r i o r e s { N n h o r a c i c i ]- o r b i t a t i s 3 , 5 , 53 - - lGang l i on u b m a n d i b u l a r e ) 2 1 7- pata t inus 8,42, '7 ,L9-52,54, 275 - - lV circumflexa umeri poste-

8 7 , 9 0 , 9 3 R - - [ N t r i g e m i n u s l 0 1 r i o r l 2 3 1- poster ior Car t i lago ept i nas i ) - - lPtexus arot icus nternusl - del to ideus A.profunda rachi i l

87 radia l is 1 267 234- pterygoideus 8,42,47,50-53, Radia t io t -nes l Ramus(- i l - - [A thoracoacromial is ) 1+/+,226

55-56,62,92, 37, 53,388 - acust ica 296,307-308,397 - acromiat is A thoracoacromi- - dentaLes A atveotar is uper ior- p y r a m i d a t i s 2 , 5 2 - 5 3 , 9 3 , 3 5 3 - c o r p o r i s a t t o s i 0 9 , 3 2 6 , 3 3 0 a l i s l 1 4 7 , 2 6 , 2 2 8 p o s t e r i o r ) 3- s p i n o s u s 5 ,1 3 5 , 5 4 - 1 5 5 - o p t i c a 2 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 , 3 3 - 3 3 5 , - a l v e o l a r e s u p e r i o r e s n t e r i o r e s - d i g a s t r i c u s 2 , 8 1 + , 3 9 9 , T 9- s t y f o i d e u s [ O s m e t a c a r p i l7 1 3 7 0 - 3 7 1 1 0 1 - d o r s a l i s [ N l n a r i s ] 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,- - l O s t e m p o r a t e l 5 , 3 7 - 3 8 , 4 2 , - t h a l a m i 2 9 6 - - - m e d i i 1 0 1 2 3 6 , 2 3 8 - 2 3 9 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 7 , 2 5 6

5 8 - 5 9 , 6 2 - 6 3 , 6 9 , 7 3 , 9 2 , 1 0 5 , - a n t e r i o r e s 2 9 6 , 3 0 8 - - - p o s t e r i o r e s 3 3 - 8 4 , - e x t e r n u s ( N c c e s s o r i u s l1 0 8 - 1 0 9 , 11 9 , 1 3 7 - 1 4 0 , - - c e n t r a l e s 9 6 , 3 0 7 - 3 0 8 1 0 1 - 1 0 2 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 , 2 7 33 7 9 - 3 8 0 , 3 8 6 - - p o s t e r i o r e s 96 - a n t e r i o r l A o [ a t e r a t i s a d i a t i s ] - - lN l a r y n g e u s s u p e r i o r ] 1 ' 0

- - radi i 157,167,169,172-174 Radio-ulnar jo int 235,239-240 - femoral is 26, T4 0- - u l n a e 1 5 7 , 1 6 6 , 1 7 2 - 1 7 4 , 1 76 , - d i s t a t s A r t i c u t a t i o r a d i o u t n a r i s - - lA r e c u r r e n s u l n a r i s l 2 3 , - f r o n t a l i s l Am e n i n g e a m e d i a ]

178,207 dis ta t is 2L0 258,280



Ramus[-iJ ronta[is- - [ A . emporat is uperf ic ia t i s l

6 7 - 6 8 , 7 4 , 8 2 , 8 5 , 2 5 8- - posteromediat is 30- - [V. emporat is uperf ic ia t i s l

68- g a n g L i o n a r e sG a n g t i o n t i c u m l

27 5- - lGangt ion terygopata t inum)

268,27 , T5 7- - { G a n g t i o nu b m a n d i b u t a r e J

269,275- - lGangt iong terygopata t inuml

r57- - [ R a d i x e n s o r i a , . r i g e m i -

n u s l 1 0 1- gastrici anteriores 27 2- geni ta t i s 26- g t a n d u t a r i s a n t e r i o r 1 5 , 1 3 / r- g y r i n g u t a r i s 8 1- hepat ic i 27 2- h y p o t h a t a m i c u s 19- infer ior{-es lN. ocutomotor ius l

267 358,37 4-375,378- - lN t r a n s v e r s u s c o t t i l 42- infrahyoideus 44- intergangt ionares 3- internus N. accessor ius)

1/ ,0-141,273- - ( N t a r y n g e u s s u p e r i o r l 11 5 ,

1 0-1 1 134, 14 0- - lTruncus erviaccessor i i )

14 1- intes t inates N vagus) 27 2- la tera[ is N supraorbi ta t i s l

82-83, s , 11 , 268, 72-373- [ inguates N faciaLisJ 70- - l N . g l o s s o p h a r y n g e u s l 1 3 ,

130,271- - lN. hypogtossusl 73- - l N . i n g u a L i s )6 9- mammari i a tera tes 27-228- mandibulae 4, 44-45, 0-63,

65, 69,73,85,92, 106, 0- m a r g i n a t i s a n d i b u L a r i s 8 , 0 ,

1 5 1 27 0- mastoideus A occipi ta t i s ) 4,

1 4 7- m e d i a t i s N s u p r a o r b i t a t i s )

82-83, 5 , 11 , 268, 72-373- meningeus nter ior A. eth-

moroaUs nlef lof l J 1,37 4-375

- - { N m a n d i b u t a r i s l 1 ,264-265,268,278,372

- - lN maxiLLaris) 69,372- - lN vagus) 264-265,272- - lTruncus spinat is ) 6- mentat is 74, 83- muscutares N. spinat is l 211r- -

[Plexus rachia t is l 24- - [Plexus ervicaLis] 7- muscul i ty topharyngei 7 '1 , 5- nasates oster iores nfer iores

27 4- - - super iores atera les 268,

27 4mediales 268,271r

- nasal is xternus N. ethmoidal isanter ior l 82-83

- nervi ochtear is 94- - o c u t o m o t o r i i 19- occipi ta t i s [ -es lA aur icutar is

poster ior) 4- - [A occipi ta t i s l 4- oesophageales N laryngeus

recurrensl JU

Ramus[- iJ- orbi ta l i s A. meningea medial

41 26 5- - [Gangt ion terygopata t inuml

268,27- p a t m a r i s N m e d i a n u s l 17 ,

236, 238-239, 243-24 , 256- - l N . u t n a r i s l 1 5 , 2 1 7 , 2 3 6 ,

238,243-245- - profundus 42,244-245- - s u p e r f i c i a t i s 2 3 , 2 3 9 , 2 4 2 ,

244-246- pancreat ic i N vagus) 27 2- paracentra l is 81- p a r i e t a t i s A .m e n i n g e a e d i a J

258,280- - IA occipi ta t i s edia t is l 33 0- - [A temporat is uperf ic ia t i s )

74,82-85,258- par ie tooccipi ta l i s 81- pectorates 225-226, 22 8- perforansl - tes l A. adia t is ]

248- -

[A thoracica nternal 148- - [Vthoracica nterna] 14 8- per identa les A .alveotar is upe-

r ior poster ior l 83- pharyngeates A thyroidea nfe-

r ior l 140- - [A. hyroidea uper ior l 140- - [N gtossopharyngeusl 40 ,

2 7 1 , r 5- - { N . v a g u s l 4 0 , 2 7 2 , 1 0 0 5 , T 5- poster ior A.col ta tera l is adia l isJ

23 5- - lA. ecurrens Lnar is l 23 ,

240- - [ N a u r i c u t a r i s m a g n u s ] 42- - [ N .c u t a n e u s n t e b r a c h i i e -

d i a t i s l 3 0 , 3 6- - [N thoracicus] 17,340- - [Sutcus ateraLis] 89,330- - lTruncus . spinat is l 26- precuneatis 281, 329 330- profundus A transversa ol t i l

144-145- - [ N .m e d i a n u s l 2 0- - [N radia t is l 204,215,

238-241,248- - lN. utnar is l 215,244-245,

T36,T3 8- pubicus A epigast r ica nfer ior l

1 9- renates N. vagusJ 72- s inus arot ic i 27 1- spinat is [ -es l A intercosta t is

poster ior l 34 4- - {A ver tebrat is j 44- splenic i N. vagusl 272- s ternocle idomastoideus A oc -

c i p i t a t i s l 4 , 14 6- - lA thyroideasuper ior l 1+ 5- s tyLohyoideus 2,399,T9- superf ic iaLisA transversa o[[ i l

144-145,229- - [ N m e d i a n u s l 20- - { N r a d i a t i s l 7 8 , 2 1 5 , 2 1 7 ,

221, 36, 38-2/+1, 46-247,256

- - lN utnar is l 215,244-245,138- s u p e r i o r { - e s lN .o c u t o m o t o r i u s l

267,373-37 ,378- - [ N t r a n s v e r s u s c o t t i l 42- suprahyoideus 44- t e m p o r a t e s N . a c i a L i s J 8 , 7 8 ,

80,270- tentor ius 268,372

Ramus[-i]- terminatesA cerebri edial

294,332- thyroideusN hypogtossusl 73- tonsit tarisl-eslA. atatina

a s c e n 0 e n s l I r J , r J U- - [ N g t o s s o p h a r y n g e u s l 1 3 ,

130,271- t racheales A thyroidea nfer ior]

1 3 0- t rapezius Plexus ervicaLis l 5- v e n t r a t e s N . p i n a t i s l 1 4 , I 1 2- z y g o m a t i c i 8 , 7 8 , 8 0 , 1 6 , 2 7 0- zygomaticofac iatis 2, 268- zygomat icotemporat is 2, 26 8Ra h e- mytohyoidea 06- pata t i 10 2- palpebral is a teraLis 52, 54,

35 6- pharyngis 13 8- pterygomandibutar is 2, 102,

137

Recessu- ar t icu[ar is- axi l tar is 162, 64, 83- cochlear is 92- et t ip t icus 92- epi tympanicus 82, 81+-385, 87- infundibut i 95, 02, 1 1, 317,

3 2 7 3 3 6- Latera l is entr icut i uar t i 304,

3 1 1- membranae ympanicae uper i -

o r 3 8 5- p h a r y n g e u s 8 , 1 3 6 , 3 9 , 3 8 9- pinea[ is 295, 11, 17, 34- pir i formis 128, 131, 41, 54- sacci formis Art icu[a t ioadiout-

nar is dis ta t i s j 25 6- spher icus 39 2- supraopt icus 95, 11, 17, 27,

33 6- suprapineal is 95, 97, 11,

31 , 33 3- t r i a n g u t a r i s 1 7 , 3 2 7R e c t u m 4 , 1 6 - 1 7RefIexes- Achi t tes endon ef tex 34 6- cremaster ic ef lex 34 6- monosynapt ic ef ex 346- patet[ar eftex 346- pLantar ef lex 346- poLysynaptic eflex 346- spinal ord 346- superf ic ia l bdominaLef lex 346Reg ol nes l- abdominal is a tera l is 4- a n a l i s 5- a n t e b r a c h i i n t e r i o r - 5 , 1 5 7 ,

236,238-239- - poster ior 4-5 ,157,236,241- a x i t l a r i s - 5 , 1 5 7- b r a c h i i nt e r i o r , 1 5 7 , 2 3 0

l5 t - t J J

F v v r ei r v r

234-235- buccat is 2- calcanea Catx- c a p i t i s 2- cervicat is l -es l 2- - anter ior 4 ,32, 42, /+4- - l a t e r a t i s , 3 2 , 1 4 2 - 1 4 7- - p o s t e r i o r , 3 2- corpor is 4- 5- crur is anter ior 4- 5- - poster ior 4- 5

Regio[-nesl- cubi ta t i s n t er ior 4 ,230,21+0- - poster ior 5 , 231- d e t t o i d e a - 5 , 3 2 , 1 5 7- epigas t r ica- femoris nter ior 4- - poster ior 5- frontatis 32- genus nter ior 4- - poster ior 5- gluteal is 5- hypochondr iaca- i n f r a m a m m a r i a- infraorbi ta l i s 2

i ^ i - ^ - - - ^ , , t ^ - :- E i l i l r d r L d P U r o r r r J

- i n g u i n a l i s- L u m b a t i s- m a m m a r i a- mental is 32- nasal is 32- o c c i p i t a t i s , 3 2- olfactor ia T5 7- oral is 32-

orbi ta l i s 32- par ie ta l is , 32- pectora t is- pres ternat is- p u b i c a- sacra l is 5- scaputar is , 235- s ternocte idomastoidea ,

J Z- surae 5- temporat is 2- u m b i t i c a [ i s- urogeni ta t i s- ver tebra t is- zygomat ica 2Reg o ns- of he head 32- - deep, esse ls nd nerves 81- - [atera[, essets and nerves 80- of he human body r- of he neck 32, 80-81f{t t55Ntt ( memorane Hanes

vesti u a isR e n 1 5 - 1 7 , 3 0Respira tory ract , overview 14Rete- acromia[e 226-227, 231, 23 5- articu[are cubiti 215, 234-235,

241- carpate orsa le 241,246,248,

250- - palmare 25 0- venosum orsate manus 247Ret icutum rabecutare 62,

364-365Ret ina 117, 62-3$,f57- vessets 36 7

R e t i n a c u [ u m- muscutorum xtensorumlManusl 178-1 9 , 19 , 200-203,210-21 , 241, 246, 248, 25 6

- - fLexorumManusl 180,207 209 , 21 1 243-245249-250,256

Retrovers io Art icuta t io oxae]1 0

Rhombencephaton 84Rhomboid ossa 299R i m a- gtottidis 128, 131, 13 3- o r i s 1 4- palpebrarum 52, 54-355- vest ibut i 13 3Rod e t ls 363,370



Index

R0LAND0,issure f , Sutcus f 289R0LLER'sucteus 39 7RoSENTHALvein s Vena asaLisRostrum-

[ C o r p u s a [ L o s u m l 9 2 , 2 9 5 ,302, 06, 13, 1 -31 , 320, 326,334,337

- sphenoida[e 6Rotat io- [ A r t i c u t a t i ou m e r i lT2 3- externa Art icula t io oxae] 1- interna Art icu[a t io oxaeJ 0Rotator uff 1 63, 182, 18 4

5

Saccu us- l a r y n g i s 3 1 , 1 3 3- vest ibu[ar is 93-394Sa c s- endolymphat icus 93- [acr imat is 54, 57- v e s t i b u l a r i s S a c c u l u s v e s t i b u -

lar isSagi t ta t x is 1Sagi t taI [ane 1Sal ivary tands , major s Gtandul .ae

sat ivar iae a joresSca a- tympani 391-394- vest ibuLi 91-394Scalenus muscles 1 18, 120-121,

T 1Scapha 38 0S c a p u t a , 1 5 5 , 5 8 , 6 0 , 6 4 - 1 6 5S c a p u t a r t a n e 16 0S c H L E M M ,a n a I f s S i n u s e n o -

sus scLeraeSCHULTZEcomma ract s Fasci -

cu[us nterfascicular is

scHWALBE nucLeus 97Sctera 362-364, 78, 57S c r o t u m 5Segments f he spinaL ord 341S e g m e n t u m t - a J- cervicalia 341-343- coccygea 41- lumbaLia 41-343- medu[[ae pinat is 34 1- sacra l ia 34 1- thoracica 341-343Set ta urc ica 38, 57,88, 27 9S e m i c a n a [ i s- m u s c u t i e n s o r i s y m p a n i 8 6 ,

389, 39 8- tubae udi t ivae 88-389, 91,398

Sensibi t i ty- d e e p , n c o n s c i o u s 4 9- epicr i t ic pathways f epicr i t ic

sensibi t i ty l 48- protopathic pathways f proto-pathic ensibi t i ty l 48

Sensory e[[s Cris ta mput tar is l3 95

Sensory ys tem- associa t ion rea 2i1- n rn io r t inn a roz 191

S e p t u m- c a n a [ i s u s c u l o t u b a r i i 8 6 - 3 8 7 ,

389, 98- intermuscu[are 1- - b r a c h i i a t e r a t e 7 8 - 1 7 9 , 85 ,

187, 1 91, 200-202, 234, 2s 2- - - m e d i a t e 7 0 , 1 7 8 , 1 8 7 ,

1 9-1 0, 194-198,219-220,232,238,240,252-253

Septum- interventr icutare 2- [ i n g u a e 0 4 , 1 0 8 , 11 4- n a s i 4 4 , 6 8 - 6 9 , 7 , 9 0 - 9 1 , 0 0 ,

1 1 6 - 1 1 7 , 1 3 5 , 1 3 9- - o s s e u m 3 4 , 4 6 , 5 0 , 6 2- orbi ta[e 356, 37 8- peLLucidum 7 , 292, 95, 298,

309, 3 15-31 7, 320, 323-32733 '1-333, 37

- s i n u u m p h e n o i d a L i u m 79S h o u l d e r i r d l e C i n g u t u m ec -

tora eS h o u t d e r o i n t A r t i c u l a t i ou m e r iS h o u L d e r u s c t e s 8 2 - 1 8 L ,

T26-r28S h o u t d e r e g i o n- ar ter ies 235- nerves 23 5SHRAPNELL'sembrane PaTs

f ta c daS i n u s- carot icus 58, I57- cavernosus 60, 62-263, 77 ,

2 7 9 , 3 6 9 , r 5 7- durae matr is 262-263- frontaf is 38, 44-45, 50-51, 4 ,

8 7 - 9 1 , 11 6 , 3 6 9- - development 0- in tercaveTnosul- i l 262-263,

2 7 9 , 2 9 5- - a n t e r i o r 7 9- - poster ior 27 9- m a r g i n a t i s 1 , 6 2 - 2 6 5- maxi t tar is 44-45, 49,52,54-55,

6 8 - 6 9 , 8 - 9 1 , 0 0 - 1 0 1 , 0 9 , 1 6 ,324,353,357, 60-361, 69, 378,r57

- - devetopment 0- occipi ta t i s 62-263, 78- paranasales 11+, 8-91- petrosus

nfer ior 41, 262-265- - super ior 262-263- poster ior 38 6- rectus 260, 262-263, 276, 31 1- sagi t ta t i s nfer ior 260, 62, 7 ,

294,321- - super ior 116-117,260-263,

276, 280-281, 29 , 31 1, 321- s igmoideus 1, 140-141, 60 ,

262-265,278,399- s p h e n o i d a t i s 8 , 4 5 , 0 - 5 1 , 5 5 ,

6 2 , 8 7 8 9 , 9 1, 1 3 6 , 2 7 9 , 3 2 4 , 3 6 9 ,r57

- sphenopar ie ta t is 60, 62-263- t ransversus 40-1 1 , 262-263,

399- t y m p a n i 8 6 , 3 9 8- valvulae 1- venosus clerae 362-364

Siphon arot lcum 25 9Skete taI uscles , verview 12-13Skete ton- bone marrow, aematopoie t ic ,

d i s t r i b u t i o n- osseous oints , a tpableSkin , t ructure 31S k u L L 3 - 3 8 , 4 4 - 4 7S p a t i u m l - a l- a x i t t a r e a t e r a t e 8 3 , 8 9 , 9 1- - m e d i a l e 8 3 , 8 9 , 9 1- e p i d u r a l e 3 6 , 1 5 L- intervagina[e ubarachnoidaLe

362,368- la teropharyngeum 40-141- o e s o p h a g o t r a c h e a L e2 9 , 3 6- per ichoroideum 62

Spat ium(-a) Stroma ridis 364- r e t r o o e s o p h a g e u m 36 S t r u m a o d o s a 3 5- r e t r o p h a r y n g e u m 3 6 S u b a r a c h n o i d p a c e 1- s u b a r a c h n o i d e u m 1 6 , 1 5 L , 2 6 1 , S u b c u t i s 1

2 7 8 , 3 11 , 3 2 5 S u b i c u l u m r o m o n t o r i i 8 6- z o n u l a r i a 6 3 - 3 6 5 S u b i n t i m aS p h e n o i d a t o n e O s s p h e n o i d a [ eS p i n a l - a e l- h e t i c i s 8 0- m e n t a t i s 0 - 6 1- - s u p e r i o r 0 6- nasal is 48- - anter ior 34-35,1 ,1 , ,L9,51-52,

8 7- - poster ior 1 ,2 ,49-52- o s s i s p h e n o i d a t i s 0 , 4 2 , 3 ,

5 6 , 2 , 8 8- p a l a t i n a e 2- scapu[ae 160, 62-163,

178-179, 2-1 3- suprameat ica 8- t y m p a n i c a a j o r 3 8 7- - m i n o r 3 8 7

S p i n a l o r d- s M e d u [ [ a p i n a [ i s- reflexes 346- segments 34 1SpinaL erves Nervusl - i ] p inatesS p l e e n S p l e nS p l e n 1 6 - 1 7Sptenium 27 , 287, 92-293, 95,

306-307, 1 , 320, 21,332-333,3 3 7 , 3 7 0

S q u a m a- frontatis 31+-35, 7 48,50, 55,353- occipi ta t i s 8 ,46-47SSA specifc somat ic fference]

3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6Stapes 379, 82-383, 85, 87,

393, 39 9S T E N S E N ' sS T E N 0 N I u c t D u c t u s

pa ot deuSternoctavicu[aroint s Art icuta t io

s te noc[avi u a i sSternum 6Stra tum- basale 31- c o r n e u m 1- - { s t r i c t u e n s u l 3 1- f i b r o s u m C a p s u t a r t i c u t a r i s ]

M e m b r a n a b r o s a- - [ Va g i n ae n d i n i s ] 11 , 2 1 3- g e r m i n a t i v u m 1- g r a n u l o s u m C e r e b e t t u m l 05- - { C u t i s l 1- l u c i d u m 1- molecutare Cerebel tuml 05- nervosum 362,368- papiLLare 1- p i g m e n t o s u m 6 2 , 3 6 8

- re t icutare 1- s p i n o s u m 1- synovia te Capsuta r t icutar is ]

Membrana ynovia t is- - l Va g i n a t e n d i n i s l1 , 2 1 3Str ia ae J- Longi tudinat isa tera l is 293, 12,

32 8- - medial is 293,312,328- mat tear is 38 2- m e d u [ [ a r i s ( - e s lh a t a m i 295 ,

327-328- - v e n t r i c u t i u a r t i 2 9 9 , 3 11- olfactor ia a tera t is 86- t e r m i n a t i s 9 8 , 1 3 , 1 5 - 3 1 7 ,

3 2 7 3 2 8 , 3 3 1 3 32- vascular is 94

S u b m a n d r b u t a r [ a n d G l a n d u t asu bma d buLa is

Su s ta ti a- a t b a 2 6 1 , 3 1 5 , 3 2 9 , 3 4 5- compacta 7- gelatinosa 345-346- - centraLis 45- g r i s e a 3 1 , 3 2 9 , 4 5- - centra l is 29 7- - in termedia entra t is 34 6- tent is 36 6- nigra 27 -277, 87, 97, 09,

3 3 6 , 3 5 0- perfora ta nter ior 286,297- - poster ior 287,295,297,318- propr ia orneae 36 4- - sc lerae 36 8

- s p o n g i o s aS u t c u s ( - i l- anterola tera l is 42,345, 57- - [Medut ta btongata] 73- a r t e r i a e e n i n g e a e e d i a e

27 8- - t e m p o r a t i s e d i a e 5 8- ar ter ios i 38-40, 56, 59- butbopont inus 02- catcar inus 87 288, 291 292,

307, 313, 320,323-324,329333-334, 37-338, 70-37

- caroticus 1+0, 6-57, 278- centraLis Cerebruml 281,-285,

289-290,307, 1 , 312,320,324,330-332, 37-339

- - insulae 28 9- cerebral emispheres 87,289- cingu[ i 285, 88, 92, 26, 31,

337- c i r c u L a r i sn s u t a e 8 9 , 3 2 6- collateratis 287 288, 314-31 5,

334-336- corpor is a t tos i 307, 32 6- fronta t is nfer ior 28 5- - super ior 28 5- hippocampatis 287 288,

3 1 4 - 3 1 5 , 3 3 5 - 3 3 6- hypotha[amicus 95, 17, 320,

328, 35- i n f r a o r b i t a t i s 9 ,5 3 - 5 5 , 3 5 3- intermedius oster ior 299, 45- inter tubercutar is 1 1 62, 1 5- intraparietatis 285, 289 290- [acr ima[ is Maxi t taJ 9- - [0s tacr imate i 53- la teraLis 88-290, 09-310, 26 ,

328, 33 0- [ imi tans 299-300- lunatus 289,332-334- m e d i a n u s i n g u a e 0 3- - poster ior Medut ta btongata}

299_300, 31,2_343, 1,5- - {Ventr icutus uar tus l

298-299 311- m u s c u t i ubc l av i i 5 9- m y t o h y o i d e u s 0 , 6 2- nervipet ros i major is 40, 39 1- - - m i n o r i s 4 0- - r a d i a l i s 6 1 , 9 1- - u l n a r i s 1 6 1 , 1 7 0- occipi to temporat is 87- oLfactorius 86-287- orbitales 286-287



Sutcusl il- p a t a t i n u s l - i l 2- - major 93- p a t p e b r a L i su p e r i o r 5 2- n r l n o h r n n r < r l i < ' 1 6 ?

- par ie tooccipi ta t i s 85, 88-290,292, 07, 20, 329, 31 332, 33 7

- postcentratis 285, 289 29 0- posterolateratis 299, 342-343,

345,T5 7- n roronf ra l i c lQq 19 ,9

- pfechiasmat icus 7, 27 9- promontor i i 86- re t root ivar is 7 1-272, 57- sclerae 35 2- s i n u s e t r o s i n f e r i o r i s 0 , 3 9 1- - - s u p e r i o r i s 4 0- - sagi t ta t i s uper ior is 39-1 '0- - s i g m o i d e i 0 s o c c i p i t a t e J 7 ,

278- - - (0s emporate) 8 , 40, 59 ,

390-39- - t ransvers i 8 , /+0,57-

spira l is xternus 39 4- - in ternus 39 4- subparietalis 329, 331 332- temporatis nterior 286-287,

289- - super ior 285,289,329,

332-335- t e r m i n a l i s L i n g u a J 0 3 , 4 1- tubae audi t ivae 6- tympanicus 86- venosi 39Sutcus f ROLAND0 89Superci t ium 52,378Superf c iaL bdominaI ef ex 346Su inat io- l A r t i c u [ a t i ou b i t i lT 23- lArt icu[a t ioatotarsa t is ] 39S u p p o r t i n g e [ [ s C r i s t a m -

puLtar isJ 95Surface natomy- in he emale 2-3- in he mate 2-3

Sutu a- coronat is 4-36, 38-39, 5-47,

26 1- e t h m o i d o t a c r i m a l i s5- f r o n t a l i s 6 - 4 7 , 11 7- frontotacr imal is 4-35- frontomaxi t tar is 4, 54, 86- f r o n t o n a s a l i s 4 ,5 0 , 8 6- frontozygomat ica 4-35, 1 , 11 7- i n c i s i v a 2- in termaxi[Lar is 4- in ternasat is 4- [acr imomaxi[[ar is 5- lambdoidea 5-39, 4-46- nasomaxi l tar is 4-35, 6-

occipi ta l i s ransversa 7 , 47- occipi tomastoidea 5, 37, 40- p a l a t i n a e d i a n a 2 , 5 2 , 9 3- - t r a n s v e Ts a 2 , 4 9 , 5 2 , 8 7- pata tomaxiLLaris3- p a r i e t o m a s t o i d e a 5 , 3 7- sagi t ta t i s 6-37, 4 , 47, 26 1- sphenofronta l is 1r-35,40, 5- sphenopar ie ta l is 4- s p h e n o s q u a m o s a 5 , 4 0- sphenozygomat ica 4-35, 56- s q u a m o s a 5 , 3 7 - 3 8- temporozygomat ica 5- vomeromaxi t tar is 7- zygomat icofronta t is 1r- zygomat icomaxi[ tar is 4-35,

53-54. 11

SVA specif ic isceraI fferenceJ3 0 0 - 3 0 1 , 5 6

SVE specif ic isceraI fference]2 7 4 - 2 7 5 , 3 0 0 - 3 0 1 ,5 6

SYLVIUS,queduct f s Aqueductusmese ce ha i

SYLVlanissure SuLcus atera l isI C e r e b r u m ]

Sympathet ic ervous ys tem 27Sympathet ic runk s Truncus

sym arn usSymphysis- m a n d i b u L a e 6 , 1- m a n u b r i o s t e r n a t i s 5 9

Synchondrosis- p e t r o o c c i p i t a t i s3 8 - 1 3 9 , 91- sphenopetrosa 90-391SyndesmosisSynostos isSystema- nervosum entra[e 24- - p e r i p h e r i c u m 4

T

Ta n a- choroidea 98,317- fornic is 293,316-317- t h a t a m i ' i 7

Tatus , evelopmentTapetum 306, 13, 329, 31 332,

33 8Ta su s- infer ior 351--356, 78- s u p e r i o r 5 4 - 3 5 6 , 7 8

Tectum 33 7- mesencephal i 67, 87, 95,

297, 302, 320, 323-324, 335-336,348,370,T57

Teeth , ermanent 96-97Tegmen- tympani 40 0- ventr icut i uar t i 304-305

Tegmentum mesencephat i 87,295, 297, 302, 323, 328, 335-337

Tela- choroidea entr icut i uar t i 29 8- - - ter t i i 295,302,315-317,

320-321,327 329,332-333, 37

- s u b c u t a n e a 5 4 , 2 5 6T o l o n r o n h e l n n ? A l

Temporal one Os emporateTe m p o r o m a n d i b u t a ro i n t A r t i c u -

l a t i o e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i sTendo{- ines l 1- i n t e r m e d i u s 5 1

Te n d o n h e a t h s , a n d 1 1 , 20 8Tentor ium erebeLt i 62, 7 , 321,

r57Test is 1 , 30Thatamus 284, 92, 9 4-29 , 298,

302, 308, 31 6-317 320,322-325,327 328, 332-334,337-338, 48,3 5 0 , 3 9 7

- cor t icaI roject ion 96- nucle i 296

T h e n a r 1 5 7 , 8 0 , 0 6 , 1 3 , 4 9 ,256

- muscles T3 6Thoracic per ture pper 149Thorax 2 , 6T h y m u s 0Thyroid ar t i lage Car t i [ago hy -

rotoeaThyroid tand GLandutahyroidea

Ti b i a 6- development

t i b i a L i sTongue- s L r n g u a- m u s c l e s M u s c u t u s [ - i li nguae

Tonsi t a ae J- cerebelli 286, 302-305, 320,329- [ i n g u a l i s 0 3 , 1 3- pata t ina 92, 102-103, 08,113 ,

1 3 0 , 1 3 6 , 1 3 9 , 1 4 1 , r 5 7- pharyngea 8, 92, 136, 39, 41 ,

1 5 6Toru- levator ius 36, 39- m a n d i b u [ a r i s 0- tubar ius 88, 92, 139, 41

Trachea 14, 115, 18-119, 24 ,126-127 129 130, 132-136, 138,141, 47 155

Tracheotomy 18- l o w e r 11 8- u p p e r 1 1 8

Tracts- o f e p i c r i t l c e n s i b i t i t y s e n s i b i [ -i ty,epicr i t ic

- ot protopathic ensibi [ i ty sen-s ibiLi ty, ro topathic

Tractus- butboret icutospinat is 50- cerebet torubrat is 28, 50- c o r t i c o s p i n a t i sn t e r i o r 0 7 ,

31 '7 , 50- - la tera l is 307,347,350- f ontopontinus 296, 307 3O g- hypothatamohypophysia t is 95- olfactor ius 8, 27 , 283, 86,

292,318,326,370- opt icus 27 , 292, 296-297, 99,

307, 09, 27, 336, 69 37 1, 57- paraventr iculohyPoPhYsiat is

295- pyramidal is 07, 09, 28- re t icutospina[ is 47,35 0- rubrospinat is 47,35 0- rubrothalamicus 50- spinocerebet tar is nter ior 3117,

349- - poster ior 347,349- spinoot ivar is 47 34 9- spinoret icu[ar is 48- spinotecta l is 47-348- s p i n o t h a [ a m i c u sn t e r i o r

347-348- - lateralis 3/.7-348- spira l is oraminosus 91,397- supraopt icohypophysia t is 95- t e c t o s p i n a t i s 4 7 , 3 5 0- v e s t i b u l o s p i n a t i s5 0 , 3 9 7- - l a t e r a l i s 5 0 , 3 9 7- -

media t is 347,350,397- vest ibulotha[amicus 97Tr a g u s 8 0 , 3 8 2Transverse xis 1Transverse lane 1TriangLe f PHILIPPE-GoMBAULT47Tr i a n g u t a r p a c e 1 8 3 , 8 9 , 9 1Tr i g o n u m- carot icum 32- clavipectora le , 225-226- co[[a tera le 13-316, 34, 38- femoris 4- h a b e n u t a r e 9 8- [emnisci a tera l is 98- muscuLare omotracheate] 2- nervi hypogloss i 99- - vagi 299

lndex

Trigonum- olfactor ium 287, 92, 97- omoclavicu[are 2, 11 9- submandibutare 2, 15 1- s u b m e n t a t e 2

Troc Le a- h u m e r i 1 6 1 , 1 6 8 , 1 7 0- { M o b [ i q u u s u p e r i o r l 5 8 , 3 6 1 ,

3 75T r u n c u s l - i l - 3 , 6 , 2 5- brachiocephat icus 8-19, 2 ,

121, 36, 41, 152-153, 72- bronchomedia tinalis 23, 229- cerebri 24,302- coel iacus 8-19, 2, 27- - b r a n c h e s 9- (Corpus a[[osum] 7 , 292,

29 , 298, 06-307, 09, 1 -31 ,3 2 0 , 3 2 / + - 3 2 8 , 3 3 1 , 3 3 7

- costocervicat ts 19,1 2- encephati 284, 286, 293,

298-299,320- i n f e r i o r 5 , 1 5 3 , 2 1 4-

intes t ina[ is 3- jugutar is 23,133,229- t u m b a t i s 3- [umbosacral is 6- m e d i u s 2 5 , 1 5 3 , 2 1 4- nerviaccessor i i / '1 ,273- - s p i n a t i s 6 , 3 4 4- p u [ m o n a t i s 2- subctavius 3 , 22 9- super ior 144-145, 53, 14- sympathicus 7 29, 41 ,

140-1 ,1, 47, 153-15/1- thyrocervicat is 9, 141, 46-147,

152-153,228, , ^ ^ ^ r - ^ ^ + ^ . i ^ . 1 a a aa v o 9 o u J

- - poslerior 27,272Tuba- a u d i t i v a 0 1 , 3 7 9 , 3 8 7 , 8 9 , 00- u t e r i n a 15

Tu b e r- cinereum 286-287, 297, 37 0- fronta le 36,46, /+8- maxi t lae 1r 9- parietate 35-36, 1,6-1'7- vermis 302-304

TubercuLum(-al- a n t e r i u s h a l a m i 2 9 8- - {Vertebra ervical is l 21- ar t icutare 2, 58-59, 3 , 65-66,

1 0 0- aur icutare 80- carot icum Tuberculum n-

t e r i u s- c o n o i d e u m 5 9- cornicu[atum 29, 36, 39, 41- cuneatum 27 , 298-299,f57- cuneiforme 126-127, 29, 36 ,

139, 14 1- dent is 94- d o r s a t e 6 7 , 1 7 4- e p i g t o t t i c u m 2 7- graci [e 276,298-299- infragtenoidate 60,162, 65- j u g u [ a r e 7- majus 161-163, 65, 18 4- m e n t a t e 0 , 10 6- m i n u s 1 6 1 , 1 6 5- o s s i s c a p h o i d e i 7 1 , 1 7 6- - t r a p e z i i 7 1 - 1 7 2- pharyngeum 2- poster ius Vertebra ervical is ]

45- set tae 40, 57- s u p r a g l e n o i d a t e 60

ii.iirii rl .i

I .rrlrl



Tuberculum[-a]- thyroideum nfer ius 108, 22- - super ius 122

Tube osi a s -tes- det to idea 61- masseter ica 0,62- phalangis is ta l i s Manusl

1 7 1 7 2 , 2 11- pterygoidea 60-62,66- radii 167-170- u l n a e 1 6 6 , 6 8 - 1 6 9

Tubu[ar one t ructure 7Tun ca- conjunct iva utbi 352,357,

359-360,362- - palpebrarum 52,355- fibrosa butbi 363- interna utbi 363- mucosa larynx) 13 1- - l inguae 104, 30- - o r i s 9 3 , 1 0 7 - 1 0 8- - lPharynx) 24- - l s rnus maxt l lans l J5 /

- - lTrachea) 29- muscular is Oesophagus) 38 ,14 1

- vascutosa utbi 363Tympanic avity 382, 385-387, 39 9- watts 385

Tympanicmembrane . Membranatympani

Types of muscles 11

U

Utna6, 158, 66, 68-170,172-17 , 176-177200-202,20/+,207,209-210,253-256

- developmentUtnar ana[ 56u[narisUmbomembranaeympanicae

382, 85Uncus 86-288, 90, 92,314, 36 ,

Upper rms. Ar mUpper horacic perture 49Ureter 5Urethra- f e m i n i n a 5- m a s c u t i n a 5Urinary nd enitaIract- in he emale, verview 5- in he ma[e, verview 5Uterus 5Utriculus 93-394Uvea .Lamina ascuLosaUvu[a- patatina 2,102, 13, 39

- vermis 302-304

V

Va g i n a l - a e l 5- c o m m u n i s e n d i n u m u s c u L o -

rum f lexorum 208, 21- externa erviopt ic i 358,362,

368-369, 78- interna ervi opt ic i 368-369- muscu[ i ec t i abdominis 179,

225- nervi optici 265,T57- processus tytoidei 9- synovia t is ig i torummanus 208- - t e n d i n i s , 1 1

Vagina[-ae]- t e n d i n i s d i g i t iM a n u s l 1 , 1 8 0 ,

208,211,246,257- - intertubercularis 162-164,

1 8 2 - 1 8 3 , 1 9 0- - muscu[ i bductor is ol l ic is

tongi 207-208, 11,2/+6- - - extensor is arpiutnar is

211d i g i t im i n i m i 21 1digi torum 211,246indicis 211,246potticis brevis 207 208,211, 2t+6- t o n g i2 11 , 2 / + 6 , 2 5 7

- - - f texor is arpi adia l is207 208,211,2t+6

pot t ic is ongi 175,207-208,211,257

- tendinum muscutorum xtenso-rum 211,246

carpi adia t ium 21 '246

Va[[ecuta- cerebe[[i 304- epigtot t ica 30

VaLLum nguis 31Vatvulae enosae 21Vasl-a)- tymphat icuml-a l 3- - profunda 31- - superf ic ia l ia 1 ,150,22/+- sanguinea et inae 363,367

Veinls l- head 260- of GALEN. Vena magna erebr i- of LABBE 60- systemic i rcula t ion 0

Ve[um- meduttare nterius 276,299,

304-305- - super ius 276,295,298-299,

302, 304-305, 29- pala t inum . Pata tum mo[[e

Vena[-ae]- a tveotar is nfer ior 1 1 -1 1- anastomot ica uper ior 281- angu[ar is 75,260,376- anterior septi peltucidi 321-322,

326,333- aur icutar is os ter ior 142-144- axi[ [ar is20, 146-148, 24 ,

LZ I -ZZY

- azygos 20-21- basatis 60,294,322- basilica 0,178, 21+, 30, 32,

236-237 247 252-25/+, 56- brachiates 0, 27,229,

252-254- brachiocephaLica28- - dextra 0-21,77,141,149,

t c J- - sinistra 0-21,121,136,141,

1/+6-147149,1 3- cava nferior 0-22- - s u p e r i o r 0 - 2 2 , 1 2 1 , 11 + 1 , 11 + 9 ,

153- centra[isetinae 11 , 363, 68- cephalica 0, 18, 44-149, 78 ,

22/+-226,28 231,23 , 2 +7 ,252-25t+,256

- cerebri 294- cervicalisrofunda 5, 3- - superficiatis 48- choroideanferior 22- - superior 22- cit iaris nterior 63

Vena[-aeJ- c i rcumftexa umeri poster ior

2 2 7 2 31- - scaputae 27-

col ica ext ra 21- - m e d i a 2 1- - s in is t ra 21- comitans ervihypogloss i 5 ,

1 14- conjunct ival is nter ior 36 3- diptoicae 61- - f ronta les 75, 26 1- - occipi ta les 5 , 26 1- - temporates n ter iores 75 ,

z d l- - - poster iores75,261- emissar ia l -ae l ondytar is 1 ,

75,264- - frontatis 26 0- - mastoidea 5 , 26 0- - occipi ta l i s 60- - parietalis 75,260-261- episc[era[ is 63- faciaLis 9 , 75, 82,85, 109-1 0 ,

116, 18, 1t+3-1/+5,48-1t+9, 51 ,260,376

- femoral is 20- fronta tes 28 1- gast r ica 21- gast roomentat is 1- hemiazygos 1- - accessor ia 1- hepat icae 0-22- i te i 21- iliaca communis 20-22- - externa 20-21- - in terna 20-21- i t ioLumbat is 1- inferiores cerebri 294- infraorbi ta[ is 78- intercapi tu[ares Manus] 24 7-

intercosta lesoster iores

1- interna cerebri 260,294,31 6-317 321 322, 328-329 333

- interossea oster ior 19 7- int ramuscutar is 1- in l ra<pnta la< ?1

- jejunates 1- j u g u t a r i s 35- - anterior 0,118,133,143,

148-149,155,229- - e x t e r n a 0 , 7 5 , 8 0 - 8 2 ,10 ,

119, 35, /+2-149, 51 ,154-155,229

- - interna 0-21,23,69,73,75,77, 118, 33, t+0, /+/+,146-151, 5/+-155,260

- Labiatisnferior 5- - superior 5- tabyrinthi '1, 65- lacrimalis 76- laryngea uperior 08,114,131,

1 3 7 , 1 4 1- [ateraLisentricu[iateralis 22- [inguaLis15-116, 34- [umbaLis{-esJ1- - ascendens 1- magna e r e b r i 6 0 , 2 6 2 , 2 7 6 ,

302, 1 1,316-317,320-322,329,334,337,370

- maxiLLaris9, 5, 5- media rofunda erebri 94

3 22- - superficiatis erebri 81,29/+,

326- mediana ntebrachii 30 ,

236-237

Venalael mediana- - basitica 236-237- - cephat ica 37- - cubi t i 20 ,170,178,230,

236-237,254- meningea media 263- mesenter ica nfer ior 20-21- - super ior 20-21- nasofronta l is 5 ,376- occipitatis 75, 142-11+/+,

148-149,260,281- ophthatmica nlerior 260,264- - super ior 41,260,263,265,

278,376,378- ovar ica 20-21- parietales 281 282, 291+- pharyngeae 5, 14 0- phrenica nfer ior 21- popt i tea 0- por tae hepat is 20-21- portales hypophysiates 95- profundal-ae) erebr i 32 2- - fac ie i 85- - femoris 20- - l i n g u a e 1 5- recta l is uper ior 21- renal is 20-21- re t romandibular is 5, 82,85,

110, 1 43-1 +6, 48-1 49, 151, 26 0- sacra l is mediana 21- saphena magna 20- - parva 20- s igmoideae 1- spl.enica 0-21- subclavia 20-21, 23, 77, 118,

121, 41, 45, 49,226- subfascia l is 1- subt ingual is 10, 14-115- submentat is 5 , 82, 85, 110 ,

145,148- subscapular is 27-

superiores cerebri 260,262,281-282,294- supraorbi ta t i s 76- suprarena[ is 1- suprascapu[ar is 29- supratrochlearis 75- temporal is media 82, 85- - s u p e r f i c i a t i s 8 , 7 5 , 8 5 , 0 9- tes t icutar is 0-21- tha[amostr ia ta uper ior 260,

29 , 31 3 3 17, 321 322, 328-329,331 333, 33 7

- thoracica nterna 20, 148-149,1 5 3

- - la tera l is 147,227-229- thoracoacromiat is 45, 48

tt a- thoracodorsalis 227 22 8- thoracoepigas t r icae 47 ,

224-225,227-228- thymicae 14 9- thyroidea nfer ior 136, 139,

147-149, 55- - media 133,149- - s u p e r i o r 5 , 11 0 , 3 3 , 3 6 ,

145,147-149- t ib ia les n ter iores 0- - posteriores 20- t ransversa ot t i 81, 143,

148-149,229- umbil ica l is 2- ver tebra l is 133, 153, 55- vorticosa 363

Venous inuses . S inus duraematr is

Venous atves 21



Venter- anterior 68, 72-73, 77, 81+, 06,

11 - 1 1 , 11 4 , 1 - 1 7 , 1 9 1 2 0 ,137, 144-146, 11+8-1 1 T9, T5 7

- frontalis 70-73, 354,I1- i n f e r i o r 0 5 , 1 8 - 1 2 0 , 4 / + - 1 / + 6 ,

1 8, 1 0 , 1 2-1 3 , 186, 89,228,T 1 0

- occipi ta t i s 1-73, 142, 1- p o s t e r i o r 3 ,1 0 5 - 1 0 6 , 1 0 ,

118-120, 137 1 41, 399, T9, T5 7- s u p e r i o r 0 5 , 1 0 , 1 4 , 1 9 - 1 2 0 ,

144, 46-147 150,229,110Ventr ic te ts l Ventr icu[us[- i ]Ventr icu us[- i- cordis exter 22- - s in is ter 22- e n c e p h a l i 1 0 - 3 11- laryngis 104, 127, 29, 31

I J J

- lateratis 77, 93-294, 9 , 298,309, 1 , 313-317, 20-321323-329,33133 9

- -w a t t s 1 3

Ventriculus[-i]- q u a r t u s 7 6 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 5 , 1 0 - 3 1 ,

320,324,329,337- tertius 27 6, 29 4-295, 298, 302,

3 0 9 - 3 1 , 3 1 6 - 3 1 7 , 2 0 , 2 3 - 3 2 5 ,327-328,333-334, 36

Venu[a- macu[ar is nfer ior 36 7- - super ior 35 7- medial is e t inae 36 7- nasat is e t inae nfer ior 36 7- - - s u p e r i o r 3 6 7- temporat is e t inae nfer ior 36 7- - - s u p e r i o r 3 6 7

Vermis erebet t i 7 , 286,297 298, 302-303, 1 , 31 -31 ,320, 323 324, 329, 33 +-337349-350

Vertebrae- cervicates 133-13/+, 52-151+- coccygeae . 0s coccygis- l h n r e e i r a o 1 q ? 1 6 q

VertebraI anaI . Canat is er te-

braLis

Vertex 36- corneae 36 2

Vesica- b i L i a r i s 1 r , 7 2 2- fe t tea . Vesica i l iar is- u r i n a r i a 5 , 2 2

vest ibutar 3-94Vest ibutum- Labyr inthi 92- laryngis 129,133- n a s i 1 4 , 8 8 , 3 6- o r i s 1 4 , 0 3 - 1 0 4

Vibr issae 2Vi n c u [ u m l - a l- breve 20 9- tonga 209- tendinum 209,213

Viscerocranium 4Vision- association rea 291- projection area 291

VisuaI ie td , tabi [ isa t ion 96Visual a thway 37 1-

btood uppty 37 0

VocaI igament Ligamentumvocate

Vota s. PalmaVomer 34, 38, 42, +7, 0, 54, 62, 87,

26 4

wWERNICKE'sentre 397wlLLIS, i rc le f s Circutus r ter io-

sus cerebr iWris t s . CarpusWrist-drop, adial nerve patsy 221Yellow pot s. Macula utea

zZon a- ciLiaris 362-364- ZINNI Zonu[a i [ iar is

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Sobotta - Atlas of Humna Anatomy - Head Neck Upper Limb - Vol 1_2

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