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SOC SCI 11
Philippine History with Philippine Constitution and Governance
Pre-colonial (Traditional) Philippines
Civilization the complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, moral, law, custom, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society
Common Traits Hospitality Close family ties Respect for elders Naturally fatalistic Loyalty to a friend or benefactor sensitive Naturally curious Regionalistic cooperative
Early Customs and Practices Clothing – Kangan and bahag; baro/camisa
and saya, patadyong, tapis House – made up of wood, bamboo, and nipa
palm Social classes – (i) nobles (ii) freemen (iii)
slaves The position of women – women as equal of
men Language – more than a hundred, eight of
which may be considered as major languages
Foreign Influences Hinduization Sinification Islamization
Nation as an Imagined Community
Benedict Anderson
Imagined Community 1983 IMAGINED - the members of even the smallest
nations will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion
COMMUNITY - regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings
Coming of the West
Crusade Crusaders tasted different spices that cannot
easily be bought in Europe Venice and Goa merchants – the only
merchants who had good relations with the Sultan of Egypt
Portuguese and Spaniards weren’t able to join the trading system
They tried to find other countries rich in spice
Pope Alexander VI Portugal – African route (East) Spain – India (West) 1943 – Papal Line of Demarcation –
(i) West – Spain (ii) Portugal
Magellan The king of Portugal didn’t offer help to
Magellan He went to King Charles I of Spain 20 September 1519 5 ships, 235 men 1519 – Guam 1521 – Samar Sebastian de Cano – to Moluccas – November
1521 8 September 1522 – Spain Victoria (the only ship left)
Spanish Colonization and Colonial System
Aims of Spanish Colonization (3Gs)
God – chief policy of converting the natives to Christianity
Gold – arose out of the keen struggle among imperialist European nations to control the fabulous spices of Mullucas
Glory – enhance fame and prestige of Spain By acquiring the Philippines, Spain became the first global empire in modern times. King Phillip II was the first monarch in history to boast with justifiable pride that the sun never set on Spanish territory, for when it rose in Madrid, it was still early afternoon of the preceding day in Manila.
Colonial System Encomienda System Polo y Servicios
Awakening More than 100 revolts against Spain Lakan Dula, Raha Sulayman, Magat Salamat,
Agustin de Legaspi, Magalat, Bankaw, Tamblot, Sumoroy, Maniago, Malong, Dagohoy, Silang, Palaris, Apolinario dela Cruz
Causes of Revolts Against Spain Economic – agrarian disputes with the friars
who grabbed the lands of the natives (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna)
Religious – Spanish religious bigotry; some wanted to go back to the worship of their ancestral gods (Igorot, Tamblot, Bankaw, Tapar, Apolinario dela Cruz)
Historical Factors of National Awakening Opening of the Philippines to the World Emergence of the enlightened middle class Spanish Revolution of 1868 Opening of the Suez Canal Secularization Movement Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
Opening of the Philippines to the World Prior to 1834, with the exception of Manila-
Mexico contact (1656-1821), the Philippines was virtually isolated by Spain from world influence i.e. foreign books (and ideas) were banned!
Emergence of the enlightened middle class Were able to send their children to school
(UST, Ateneo, Letran, Santa Isabel, Santa Catalina, La Concordia)
Rizal, del Pilar, Paterno, Ponce
Spanish Revolution of 1868
Resulted to the triumph of liberalism in Spain Led to the restoration of Philippine
representation in the Philippines
Opening of the Suez Canal
17 November 1869 Shortened the sailing distance between
Barcelona and Manila Facilitated travel and communication
Influx of Liberal Ideas Enlightened ideas of Rouseau (Social
Contract), Candide (Voltaire) Filipino intellectuals imbibed the liberal ideas
read
GOMBURZA’s martyrdom Cavite Mutiny of 1872 El Fili – Rizal’s tribute to the Martyrs
Spread of Nationalism
The Propaganda Movement Since 1872, matters went from bad to worse in
the Philippines– deportation of Filipino leaders to the Spanish penal colonies, persecution of innocent intellectuals etc.)
Publicity to expose to the Spanish nation and the world the anomalies of Spanish rule in the Philippines
Propagandist – not revolutionaries who advocated a bloody revolution against Spain, they were reformist who desired only reforms for the better government and for the welfare of their oppressed people
The Propagandists Triumvirate – Rizal (Laguna); del Pilar
(Bulacan); Lopez Jaena (Iloilo) Mariano Ponce – Medical student, historian,
folklorist Antonio Luna – pharmacist, essayist Pedro Paterno – doctor of law Jomapa – linguist and essayist Isabelo delos Reyes – folklorist, historian Apolinario Mabini – lawyer and political prisoner Juan Luna FR Hidalgo
Supporters of the Propaganda Movement Ferdinand Blumentritt – Austrian scholar Miguel Morayta – Spanish historian, Rizal’s
professor at Universidad de Madrid Francisco Pi y Margal – Spanish statesman
and former President of the first Spanish Republic
Reforms Advocated by the Propaganda Movement Restoration of Philippine representation in the
Spanish Cortes Equality before the law Filipinization or secularization Establishment of a public school system,
without friar supervision, with qualified teachers receiving good salaries
Creation of vocational schools of arts and trades in the capital towns of the provinces
La Solidaridad Organ of the Propaganda (lived for almost
seven years) MH Del Pilar – Plaridel Rizal – Laong Laan Mariano Ponce – Naning, Tigbalang, Kalipulako Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog
Ten Commandments of the Friars Thou shalt worship and love the friars above all. Thou shalt not cheat them of their stipends. Thou shalt sanctify the friars, Sundays or holidays. Thou shall pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy
father and mother. Thou shouldst not die if thou hast not the money to
pay for thine internment. Thou shalt not covet his wife. Thou shalt not steal with him. Thou shalt not accuse him even if thou be called a liar. Though shalt not refuse him your wife. Thou shalt not deny him your property.
Enemies of the propaganda movement Fray Miguel Lucio Bustamante – wrote the
malicious book in Tagalog language ‘Si Tandang Basio Maconat’ (1885) – asserted that the Filipinos are stupid and incapable of attaining high culture; hence, they should be happy to love in ignorance
Father Jose Rodriguez and Salvador Font – attackers of Rizal’s ‘Noli Me Tangere’
KATIPUNAN Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan on the
very night that the news of Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan leaked out.
7 July 1892 – Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodata Arellano and a few others
Objectives1.Moral – good manners, hygiene, good moral,
etc.2.Political – separation of the Philippines from
Spain3.Civic – defense of the poor and oppressed