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Social Activism

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Social Activism. Chapter 22 & 23. 1960’s Timeline. 1959Fidel Castro seized power in Cuba 1960 Pres. Kennedy elected 1961Berlin Wall built in Germany 1963 March on Washington 1963 South Vietnamese government overthrown 1963 JFK Assassinated 1963 Equal Pay Act passed by Congress - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Social Activism Chapter 22 & 23
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Page 1: Social Activism

Social ActivismChapter 22 & 23

Page 2: Social Activism

1960’s Timeline 1959 Fidel Castro seized power in Cuba 1960 Pres. Kennedy elected 1961 Berlin Wall built in Germany 1963 March on Washington 1963 South Vietnamese government overthrown 1963 JFK Assassinated 1963 Equal Pay Act passed by Congress 1964 Pres. Johnson elected 1965 La Huelga – grape strike 1966 Black Panther Party begins 1966 Gandhi becomes Prime Minister of India 1967 6 Day War Israel v. many Arab nations 1968 Kerner Commission releases report 1968 N. Korea takes a U.S. Navy ship – crew released 1

year later 1968 American Indian Movement organized 1968 Pres. Nixon elected 1973 U.S. forces negotiate a peace treaty in Vietnam 1975 N. Vietnamese capture S. Vietnamese capital (Saigon)

Page 3: Social Activism

Section 1

Page 4: Social Activism

WHAT IS…

Page 5: Social Activism

Non-ViolenceSit-ins:

Led to DEsegregation (combining) of lunch counters and restaurants

March through BirminghamIncreased public support for Civil Rights

Freedom RidesLed to Interstate Commerce Commission

strengthening desegregation regulationsMontgomery Bus Boycott

Desegregation of busses

Page 6: Social Activism

Protests for EqualityAlbany, Georgia

All protesters were arrested quietly and with nonviolence

Met nonviolence with nonviolenceThis is NOT successful!!

– Civil Rights needs strong reactionsBirmingham, Alabama

Police attacked protesters – Leads to support from public

Protesters arrestedAll over television – Civil Rights got more support!!

Page 7: Social Activism

Civil Rights BillCivil Rights needed

FEDERAL LAWS – ENFORCED BY – FEDERAL GOV.

In order to achieve this, organizers led THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON

Held in Washington D.C.King spoke “I have a dream…” (click to hear speech)

Civil Rights Act of 1964 PASSED – Banned discrimination in employment on basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Page 8: Social Activism

Section 2

Page 9: Social Activism

Trying to Get Voting RightsMississippi- was the focus state because of

prior voting registration problemsAfrican Americans were forced to pass

difficult literacy testsIn McComb, MS only 24 new African

Americans became registered votersJailings, beatings, and murders scarred the

voting process

Page 10: Social Activism

Freedom Summer24th amendment: banned the payment of

poll taxes (only for national elections)New strategy: bring white volunteers to

help African Americans registerVolunteers came from colleges in the NorthGave hope of a more united effortShockingly 3 of the volunteers end up

murdered!1600 more voters became registered in MS

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Freedom Summer

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Turn to page 658

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Selma and Voting Rights ActSelma, Alabama: voters attempting to

register were beaten then arrestedA protest march was organized from

Selma to Montgomery- police were ordered to attack the marchers

Americans started to show support for the marchers

Lyndon Johnson pushed the Voting Rights Bill through quickly

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Voting Rights Act of 1965Put the whole registration process under

federal controlMississippi-African Americans registered

59%Alabama- 57%

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Section 3

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Role of Malcolm XAfrican Americans started to question the

non-violence approachMalcolm X was a Nation of Islam ministerCalled for Black Freedom “by any means

necessary”Opposite method of MLK, but similar

goalsHe later changed his beliefs after a

pilgrimage to MeccaWas murdered in 1965

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New MovementsBlack Power- called for black separatismBlack Panther Party- started by Bobby Seale

and Huey NewtonPanthers promoted self defense, carried

firearms around, dressed in blackMany gun battles with the police.

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Results of the New MovementMLK continued marches in ChicagoMuch more violence in American citiesWatts Riots- started with an arrest, ended

with 33 deaths, injuries, and 4,000 arrestedKerner Commission- created by President

Johnson to investigate the violenceFindings- white racism, was responsible for

the tensions that led to the riots

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Watts Riots: August 1965

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Martin Luther King Jr.•Assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN

•by James Earl Ray

•Shocked African American neighborhoods broke out in outrage and riots.

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Section 4

Page 22: Social Activism

Organizations in TroubleFollowing MLK’s death, the SCLC lacked a

dominant leaderSCLC and the Black Panthers attempted to

unite: again lack of leadership made this unsuccessful

Nation of Islam survived through the leadership of Elijah Muhammed

Page 23: Social Activism

Busing and Affirmative ActionBuses were court ordered to pick up African

American students and send them to white schools across town.

Many white Americans protested this ruling, most notably in Boston

Affirmative Action: the act of giving preference to minorities and women in admission and hiring

Page 24: Social Activism

Successes!!Thurgood Marshall became a Supreme

Court Justice (1st African American)6.5 million African Americans voted for

Jimmy Carter in 197616 members in the House of RepresentativesMore African Americans were business

owners and college enrollments were up.

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Chapter 23Sec. 1

Women’s Rights

Page 26: Social Activism

Section 1 Notes Pg. 676

The Feminine Mystique Pointed out many women felt dissatisfied with

their lives Inspired many to seek career opportunities and

fair treatment in the workplace

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The Government helped Equal Pay Act

Illegal to pay female workers less than male

Presidents Commission on the Status of Women Investigated lives of women

Title VII Outlawed sexual discrimination in

employment

Equal Employment Opportunity commission Ensured employers followed Title VII

Page 28: Social Activism

Women’s Movement Tactics Pg. 679

Established Women’s rights groups NOW

?? National Women’s Political Caucus

??

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Page 30: Social Activism

Success / Setbacks of Movement

Gains – Educational Amendments Act / Roe v. Wade / Increase in female politicians

Setbacks – ERA / Opposition from conservative activists

Page 31: Social Activism

Chapter 23

Section 2 Notes

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The Chicano Movement

Mexican American movement for equal rights Movement started with migrant workers going

on strike for higher wages National Farm Workers Association (NFWA)

led by Cesar Chavez joined the strike by Filipino grape harvesters

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La Huelga: The Delano Grape Strike

Strike started on Sept. 16, 1965 March was done to promote Americans

to NOT buy grapes because workers were treated UNFAIRLY

Chavez helped the effort to collect donations of money and food

Chavez led a 300 mile march to

Sacramento, CA Strike lasted until 1970, workers signed

new contracts.

Page 34: Social Activism

United Farm Workers

Workers union that merged with NFWA Goal was gain more workers rights for

Mexican Americans Included non-Hispanic members too.

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Brown Berets

Similar to the Black Panthers but for Latinos Mexican American Activist group:1967 They were upset about police brutality

against them Leader: Carlos Munoz

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Crusade for Justice

Founded by Rodolfo Gonzales Promoted Mexican American nationalism Offered community services, newspaper,

legal aid, and a school

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Mexican American Youth Organization

MAYO: founded 1967 by Jose Angel Gutierrez

Occurred in Texas Revolved around youth issues in schools

resulting in protests and walkouts

Page 38: Social Activism

La Raza Unida Party

A Chicano political party started by Jose Angel Gutierrez

Helped Mexican Americans gain city council positions in Texas cities

RUP later expanded to other states

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Chapter 23

Section 3 Notes

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Red Power Pg. 689American Indian Movement (AIM)

Activists demanded Called for self-determination Repayment for illegally seized land Renewal of Indian culture

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Americans w/ Disabilities gained success w/ TV

Now – public facilities are available for people with disabilities…HOW? 1960 – Tax dollars went to facilities that were

unavailable to people with disabilities.

Rehabilitation Act passed –

No discrimination in jobs,

education or housing Education for All Handicapped

Children Act – schools must provide education to all children

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Senior & Children Move

Seniors AARP – Goal to eliminated

mandatory retirement Congress passed Older Americans

Act

Children• Children’s Bill of Rights – rights

designed specifically for children• Children’s Defense Fund – goal was

to solve problems faced by large groups of US kids

Page 43: Social Activism

College Students Move – Section 4 Pg. 694

Cause to Protest Generation Gap Vietnam War Desire to create

new social order Civil Rights

violations Policies limited

freedom of speech


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