Social Organization_Caste of Honeybee-Moog 2013

8/11/2019 Social Organization_Caste of Honeybee-Moog 2013

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SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

HONEYBEE

APIS MELLIFERA


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Social Organization

The honey bee is a social insectthat can survive only as amember of a community or

colony. The colony inhabits an enclosed

cavity, its nest.

Domesticated colonies are keptin artificial containers, usuallywooden boxes, known as hives.


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Eusociality

1). There is cooperative brood-care

2). There is an overlapping of generations so

that the group (the colony) will sustain for a

while, allowing offspring assist parents during

their life, and

3). That there is a reproductive division of labor,

i.e. not every individual reproduces equally in

the group


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II: Caste of the Honey Bee
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/DOCUMENTATION/DSC00520.JPG


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Life Cycle of Honeybee

Worker Bee


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Life CycleQueen bee


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Life Cycle - Drone


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II: Worker Bee

Clean the comb

Produce Royal Jelly

Make wax to build comb & repairthe hive.

Store Nectar

Defend the hive

Gather nectar, pollen, water, andpropolis.

They ventilate, cool & heat the hive.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/basic%20bee%20biology2.ppt


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II: Queen Bee

The queen lays about 1200 eggs perday, about 200,000 per season.

This is necessary since a colony needs to

have 40 to 50 thousand bees at its peak.

7


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Normal Egg Position


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II: Drones (Male Bee)

Their main purpose is to

mate with a virgin queen.

Die upon mating, or areexpelled from the hive as

rainy season approaches.

Their presence indicateabundance.


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FOOD SHARING

Trophallaxis or food sharing behavior, the

other bees regurgitate a drop of nectar.

This food-sharing is also the basis of thechemical communication in the hive -

pheromones, especially the 'queen

substance', are transmitted around thehive in this way.


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III. An Apiary

Good Forage

Collection of Colonies

Clean Water

Wind Breaks

Secured


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Apiary Layout

1.5 feet above ground

No heavy shade or damp area

Not too close each other No evening light on entrance

Good water source

Good access


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The Honey Bee

Dance Language

f


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For honey bees, finding nectar is

essential to survival.


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Karl von Frisch, 1886-1982

Austrian, began work in1919

Trained European honeybees,Apis mellifera, tofeeders

First believed bees usedflower scents or otherodors to find food sources

Began to pay close

attention to dancesperformed by returningforagers

Dances very precise, withvarying tempo and

direction


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von Frisch described the dances

1. Round dance

When food source is

< 50 m from hive


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angle b/w vertical& waggle run =

angle b/w sun

& food source

Waggle dance

Figure-8 portion

resets position of dancer


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http://www.extension.org/pages/Dance_Language_of_the_Honey_Bee

If she waggles at an angle 60degrees to the left of

upward the food source may

be found 60 degrees to the

left of the sun.

Photo: Bill Tietjen, Bellarmine University
http://www.extension.org/pages/Dance_Language_of_the_Honey_Beehttp://www.extension.org/pages/Dance_Language_of_the_Honey_Bee


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And thats not all

By moving feeder todifferent angles and

locations, von Frisch found:

Number of waggles per runcorrelates with distance to

food source (more= farther)Dance tempo (slower=farther)

The duration of the dance

(longer= better food)

Other bees follow the dancer(audience)

SCOUT: finds new foodsources & dances

RECRUITS: follow dances &

then forage


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In summary, von Frisch was

proposing the waggle dance says

1) DIRECTION:

- Angle of waggle run

2) DISTANCE:

- Number of waggles per run

- Dance tempo (# of circuits per unit time)

3) QUALITY:

- The duration of the dance (total waggle runs)

4) TASTE AND SMELL:

- Dancer gives free samples

*** ROUND DANCE- only for nearby sources, detailed info

not provided


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Lets Keep the Bees

Dancing

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Social Organization_Caste of Honeybee-Moog 2013

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