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Social PerceptionQ1 – 2016 / PSY110: Social Psychology / Prof. Joyce G. Davis Feb 23

2016

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Introduction

Simplicity

Innovation

Transparency

TECHNOLOGYPUZZLES SKITSMUSIC TRAVELPHOTOGRAPHY

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Look at the above image for 30 secs

Activity A

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Q: What do you see?

A. Butterfly B. Bat C. Moth D. Something Else

Activity A

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Perception

“a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something;

a mental impression”Dictionary definition from google.com

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6 or 9?

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Lines: Parallel or Divergent?

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Animated or Still?

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Young Lady or Old Lady?

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Inkblot

Activity A

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Social Perception

“The process through which we seek to know and understand other people.”

Baron, Robert A., Nyla Branscombe. Social Psychology, 13th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 09/2011.

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Non-verbal Communication

Attribution

Impression Formation

Impression Management

Social Perception – The Process

12

34

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Nonverbal Communication

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Nonverbal Communication

60% is body

language

30% is tone

90% of what you are saying is

non-verbal

HUMAN COMMUNICATON

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Nonverbal Communication

How many times have you said or written words that expressed something, but, in your heart, you meant something else?

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Nonverbal Communication

How many times have you nodded in agreement for what is being said, but your foot shook involuntarily showing complete

disapproval?

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Nonverbal Communication

• Use of eyes and facial expressions as reaction• Use of hands while talking to make a point• Understanding and using body language is necessary in

the workplace, with friends, and in close relations

Hand gestures, facial expressions, and body language, in general, take many forms and convey many meanings.

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Nonverbal Communication

Lets examine what you already know about

non-verbal communication

Activity B

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

1. What is the most expressive part of your body?A. HandsB. EyesC. ShouldersD. Face

Face can say much without you having to say a single word. If you are skeptical, optimistic, or overwhelmed, your facial expressions will show

exactly what you are thinking unless you can put on a poker face.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

2. What is the part of your body that adds important information to your face-to-face interaction?

A. Hands and upper-body movementB. EyesC. LipsD. Nose

Hands and upper-body movement can help you illustrate and reinforce a point you are trying to make with your words. Hands and upper-body

movement are essential in nonverbal communication.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

3. Crossing your arms over your chest and leaning back is a

A. Sign of friendlinessB. Sign of boredom and defianceC. Sign of cooperationD. Sign of expectation and admiration

Crossing your arm over your chest and leaning back is taken as a sign of boredom and defiance. However, if you lean slightly towards the person you

are talking to, this might be taken as a sign of interest.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

4. Attractive people, who dress nicely, tend to be seen as: A. More intelligent than unattractive peopleB. Less likable than unattractive peopleC. Less convincing than unattractive people

Attractive people are seen as more intelligent, more likable, and more persuasive than unattractive

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

5. Fiddling with your hands, swinging with your foot, and crossing and re-crossing your legs means:

A. You are ready to leaveB. You are not interested in what has been saidC. You know more than the person talkingD. All of the above

Keeping still while communicating with someone may not be easy but it indicates that you are interested and care about what they are saying and this

could bring better results.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

6. People who are nervous speak:A. FasterB. SlowerC. Normal paceD. Silent

Nonverbal communication has lot to do with the voice quality, tone, pitch and accent of the speaker.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

7. When you meet a person for the first time you can:A. Hug, shake hands, and kissB. Greet formallyC. Never touch at allD. Pat on the back

Touch is a very delicate issue and can be understood differently by people coming from different cultures.

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Nonverbal CommunicationActivity B

8 . Which is the best communication space zone between two?

A. 5 cm- 25 cmB. 25 cm- 50 cmC. 50 cm- 100 cmD. 100 cm- 150 cm

A distance of 15 cm to 25 cm is considered very intimate and should be infrequent and brief, perhaps to shake hands or pat someone on the back.

A distance of 25cm to 50cm is good for close friends’ conversation.

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Nonverbal Communication

Summary of your score:7 – 8: Excellent communicator 6 : Good communicator3 – 5: Learn some more non-verbal communication0 – 2: Improve your non-verbal skills

Activity B

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Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84OT0NLlqfM 2:47 mins

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AttributionKelly’s Covariation ModelKelley believed that there were three types of causal information which influenced our judgments.

Low factors: Internal attribution | High factors: External attribution

Consensus the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar situation

Distinctiveness the extent to which the person behaves in the same way in similar situations.

Consistency the extent to which the person behaves like this every time the situation occurs.

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AttributionExample of Kelly’s Covariation Model

Low factors: Internal attribution | High factors: External attribution

Consensus: Alison smokes a cigarette when she goes out for a meal with her friend. If her friend smokes, her behavior is high in consensus. If only Alison smokes it is low.Distinctiveness: If Alison only smokes when she is out with friends, her behavior is high in distinctiveness. If she smokes at any time or place, distinctiveness is low.Consistency: If Alison only smokes when she is out with friends, consistency is high. If she only smokes on one special occasion, consistency is low.

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Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jg-O7f_1Ngc 2:32 mins

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Impression Formation

Most people are concerned with making good first impressions on others because they believe that these impressions will

exert lasting effects

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Impression Formation

First impressions are formed very quickly and even if based on limited information,

can be somewhat accurate

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Impression Formation

Many techniques are used for this purpose, but most fall under two major headings:

• self-enhancement: efforts to boost one’s appeal to others•other-enhancement: efforts to induce

positive moods or reactions in others

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Impression ManagementImpression Management refers to the

activity of controlling information in order to steer other’s opinions

The goal is for one to present themselves the way in which they would like to be

thought of by the individual or the group they are interacting with

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Impression Management: Tactics

Ingratiation Intimidation Self Promotion

Exemplification Supplication

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People are very possessive about their

perception

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Image Sources• http://searchfedrick.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/0/9/38098211/9219177_orig.jpg

• http://mentalhealthandhappiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/perception1.jpg

• http://www.slideshare.net/iclaudius/verbs-of-perception

• https://www.google.com/search?q=perception&espv=2&biw=1600&bih=775&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUgO-DoLbKAhXBXR4KHY99DRgQsAQIaQ#imgrc=sRC6NhFAXhZFcM%3A

• http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/0/128/30526/leighwells1.jpg

• http://a1925.phobos.apple.com/us/r1000/018/Purple/39/61/5d/mzl.pxdjgvae.png

• http://mercercognitivepsychology.pbworks.com/f/1353889995/optical_illusions_15.jpg

• http://www.vth.biz/driver/sites/vth.biz/files/blogimages/trickold.jpg

• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CZAYLQXYy-4/UQDGHNAlXNI/AAAAAAAABd0/rig_SoVDaO0/s1600/cafewall.jpgs

• https://up.metropol247.co.uk/082011/1312299875_2099753669.jpeg

• http://www.onesweetwriter.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Screen-Shot-2012-06-10-at-10.05.29-PM.png

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References• Baron, Robert A., Nyla Branscombe. Social Psychology, 13th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 09/2011.

• http://www.ccis.edu/courses/psyc101a/Major%20Perspectives%20in%20Psychology.htm

• http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/a/perspectives.htm

• http://advancedlifeskills.com/blog/how-your-beliefs-create-your-reality-part-1/

• http://johnstepper.com/2013/10/26/the-five-monkeys-experiment-with-a-new-lesson/

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0344qRfAOtA

• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140825115534-60304459-test-your-nonverbal-communication-skills-learn-to-hear-what-is-not-being-said

• http://www.simplypsychology.org/attribution-theory.html

• http://www.slideshare.net/sk_prince/impression-managementperception-of-self-image-behaviour

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QUESTIONS / COMMENTS?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME