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MEDICAL

SOCIOLOGY-1DR. PRIYANKA DEVGUN

 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPTT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

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Importance of sociology in

medicine

• Disease cannot be treated in isolation.

• Human health behaviour, his social beliefs,customs, his living conditions- all affect thecourse, severity, outcome and recurrence of thedisease.

 – eg ippi in muslims in UP.•  To learn to look at the diseased person as an

animate entity in the matrix of society.

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1. Political sciences

2. Economics

3. Sociology 

4. Psychology 

5.  Anthropology BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES

Comprises of 

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Political sciences

• Systems of governance

 – Democracy 

 –  Autocracy/Dictatorship

 – Monarchy 

 – Oligarchy 

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Economics

• Capitalist

• Socialist

• Mixed

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Sociology

• Sociology is the study of society .

 – It is a social science — a term with which it issometimes synonymous —  which uses  variousmethods of empirical investigation and criticalanalysis to develop and refine a body of knowledgeabout human social activity, often with the goal of applying such knowledge to the pursuit of social

 welfare. – Subject matter ranges from the micro level of agency  

and interaction to the macro level of systems andsocial structures.

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Society

a group of people who have lived long enoughto become organized and consider themselves

a unit and more or less distinct from other

human units

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 Anthropology

• It is the study of humanity in 4 aspects

 – Physically 

 – Socially 

 – Culturally 

 –  Archeologically 

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Psychology

• It is the study of mind and behaviour.

• Both have a bearing on the health of theindividuals.

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 Various ways of classifying society

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• Patrilineal – The family is known by the father’s name. 

 – Sons perceived important to carry on the family 

name. – Property inherited by the male descendents only.

• Matrilineal

 – The family is known by the mother’s name.  –  All features same but applicable to female

descendents.

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Patrilineal: tracing descent through the

men only

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Matrilineal:tracing descent through

 women only

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• Patriarchy 

 – Male is considered head of the family.

 – Main decision maker for the unit.

• Matriarchy 

 – Female is considered head of the family.

 – Female is the main decider.

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• Patrilocal

 – Post marriage the bride moves to the house of thegroom

• Matrilocal

 – Post marriage the groom moves to the house of thebride.

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 Various ways of classifying matrimony 

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• Monogamy  –  The partners in the marriage remain conjugally 

aligned to each other throughout their lives.

• Serial monogamy - Partners marry and subsequently divorce before

getting married again.

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• Polygamy 

 – Polygamy/polygyny- one male simultaneously 

having conjugal relations and offsprings by multiplefemale partners.

 – Historically, the basis for polygamy lies in the

practice of slavery and political alliances.

 – Still practised in muslims, negroes and eskimoes.

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• Polyandry- female maintaining conjugal relationsand bearing offsprings by multiple partners.

 – Can be fraternal or non fraternal.

 – Practised by  polynesians, tibetians, malays, singhalese.

 – historically.,basis lies in small land holdings which

are not meant to be divided further.

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• Companionate matrimony (DINK)

 – Marriage of two individuals on the understanding that as long as there are no children, the marriagecan be dissolved simply by mutual consent.

 – No alimony 

 – No division of property. Each partner takes back  what he/she brought in to the marriage.

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• Experimental matrimony/ cohabitation

 –  Also called live in relationship.

 – Cohabit with the view to legally wed in case provecompatible.

 – Standing uncertain in the court of law.

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