Industrial Sociology

introducing

Social Stratification

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Moin Sarker 2534

Anika Tahsin 2526

Ariful Islam 2550

Sheikh Sadia 2539

Mohona

In sociology, social stratification is a concept involving the "classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions ... a relational set of inequalities with economic, social, political and ideological dimensions.“When differences lead to greater status, power or privilege for some groups over the other it is called Social Stratification.

What Is Social Stratification

Social stratification and the African influences in American slave communities

Example of Social Stratification

Example of Mayan stratification

Its another

» Social Stratification is a Characteristics of society – not just due to individual difference

» Social Stratification Persist over generation

» Social Stratification in universal but variable ( it changes)

» Social Stratification involves both inequity and beliefs

4 Fundamental principal

Three characteristics of stratified systems

1. The rankings apply to social categories of people who share a common characteristic without necessarily interacting or identifying with each other. The process of being ranked can be changed by the person being ranked.Example: The way we rank people differently by race, gender, and social class2. People's life experiences and opportunities depend on their social category. This characteristic can be changed by the amount of work a person can put into their interests.Example: The greater advantage had by the son or daughter of a king to have a successful life than the son or daughter of a minimum-wage factory worker, because the king has a greater amount of resources than the factory worker. The use of resources can influence others.3. The ranks of different social categories change slowly over time. This has occurred frequently in the United States ever since the American revolution. The U.S. constitution has been altered several times to specify rights for everyone.

1. Power 2. Prestige3. Property

It’s Based on 3 major premises

Max WeberMax Weber was strongly influenced by Marx's ideas, but rejected the possibility of effective communism, arguing that it would require an even greater level of detrimental social control and bureaucratization than capitalist society. Moreover, Weber criticized the dialectical presumption of proletariat revolt, believing it to be unlikely.

Karl MarxIn Marxist theory, the capitalist mode of production consists of two main economic parts: the substructure and the superstructure. Marx saw classes as defined by people's relationship to the means of productions in two basic ways: either they own productive property or labour for others.

Sociological overview

Sociological overview ( Cont.)

• C. Wright Mills C. Wright Mills contended that the imbalance of power in society derives

from the complete absence of countervailing powers against corporate leaders of the power elite. Mills both incorporated and revised Marxist ideas. While he shared Marx's recognition of a dominant wealthy and powerful class, Mills believed that the source for that power lay not only in the economic realm but also in the political and military arenas.

Anthropologists have found that social stratification is not the standard among all societies. John Gowdy writes, "Assumptions about human behaviour that members of market societies believe to be universal, that humans are naturally competitive and acquisitive, and that social stratification is natural, do not apply to many hunter-gatherer peoples.

Kinship-orientationAnthropologists identify egalitarian cultures as "kinship-oriented," because they appear to value social harmony more than wealth or status. These cultures are contrasted with economically oriented cultures (including states) in which status and material wealth are prized, and stratification, competition, and conflict are common. Kinship-oriented cultures actively work to prevent social hierarchies from developing because they believe that such stratification could lead to conflict and instability.

Anthropological overview

Research suggests that social stratification can cause many social problems. A comprehensive study of major world economies revealed that homicide, infant

mortality, obesity, teenage pregnancies, emotional depression, teen suicide, and prison population all correlate with higher social inequality.

Social impact

Social mobility

• Social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups in social standing social position.

• It may refer to classes, ethnic groups, or entire nations, and may measure health status, literacy, or education — but more commonly it refers to individuals or families, and their change in income (economic mobility).

• It also typically refers to vertical mobility—movement of individuals or groups up (or down) from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage; but can also refer to horizontal mobility—movement from one position to another within the same social level.

Social class

• Social class (or simply "class"), as in a class society, is a set of concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the upper, middle, and lower classes.

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