Social Studies 8Social Studies 8

Model of RomeModel of Rome

Does this look familiar?

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

1.1.During the Republic – During the Republic – TempleTemple ArchitectureArchitecture::

• Blended Etruscan & Greek Blended Etruscan & Greek featuresfeatures

• Emphasis on the front of the Emphasis on the front of the building. building.

• Example: Temple of Example: Temple of FortunaFortuna Virilis Virilis..

Temple of “Temple of “Fortuna VirilisFortuna Virilis””

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

2. CONCRETE2. CONCRETE::

•Created a revolution in Created a revolution in architectural design.architectural design.

•Create larger, heavier Create larger, heavier buildings.buildings. ** example: example: - The Sanctuary of - The Sanctuary of Fortuna PalestrinaFortuna Palestrina..

SanctuarySanctuaryof of Fortuna PalestrinaFortuna Palestrina

Model of Roman ForumModel of Roman Forum

ModelModelofof

Trajan’sTrajan’s

ForumForum

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

3. ARCH & VAULT3. ARCH & VAULT::

• Coliseum Coliseum

• Race Track – Race Track – Circus MaximusCircus Maximus

• Public BathsPublic Baths

• AmphitheatersAmphitheaters

Triumphal Triumphal Arch of TitusArch of Titus

Arch of ConstantineArch of Constantine

Barrel or Barrel or “Tunnel” Vault“Tunnel” Vault

K Windows can be Windows can be placed at any placed at any point.point.

K These vaults These vaults requirerequirebuttressing to buttressing to counter-act thecounter-act thedownward thrust downward thrust ofofweight.weight.

Groin VaultGroin Vault

K Also called a Also called a cross vault.cross vault.

K Needs less Needs less buttressing.buttressing.

Multi Groin VaultsMulti Groin VaultsK A series of groin A series of groin

vaultsvaults can have open lateral can have open lateral arches that form arches that form Clerestories. Clerestories.

K Windows that allowWindows that allow light into the interior light into the interior of churches. of churches.

K These concrete These concrete windowswindows are fireproof [an are fireproof [an important important considerationconsideration since many early since many early churches burned!] churches burned!]

Early Roman AmphitheaterEarly Roman Amphitheater

Seats about Seats about 20,00020,000

Roman TheaterRoman Theater

Theater of MarcellusTheater of Marcellus

Roman ColiseumRoman Coliseum

Roman ColiseumRoman Coliseum

Interior of the ColiseumInterior of the Coliseum

ArenaArena is Latin for the sand, coating the is Latin for the sand, coating the floorfloor that soaks up the blood of the that soaks up the blood of the combatants.combatants.

Circus MaximusCircus Maximus

300,000 seat 300,000 seat capacity!capacity!

Roman BathRoman Bathin Englandin England

CharacteristicsCharacteristics4. DOME4. DOME::

• BasilicasBasilicas - Large and relatively open - Large and relatively open space. space. - examples: - examples: ► ► PantheonPantheon ► ► early Christian churchesearly Christian churches

Cylindrical DomeCylindrical Dome

K With the dome, With the dome, thetheRomans could Romans could surpass earlier surpass earlier cultures by their cultures by their ability to span ability to span space.space.

K Light enters Light enters throughthroughthe the oculusoculus on top. on top.

The Pantheon PlansThe Pantheon Plans

The PantheonThe Pantheon

Pantheon’s DomePantheon’s Dome

The Pantheon InteriorThe Pantheon Interior

The Pantheon InteriorThe Pantheon Interior

Painting Painting byby

Giovanni Giovanni Paolo Paolo

PanniniPannini

(18c)(18c)

Innovative Engineering Innovative Engineering TechniquesTechniques

1.1. Roads – Roads – macadammacadam

2.2. AqueductsAqueducts

3.3. Arch Bridge Arch Bridge

Via AppiaVia Appia

All roads lead to All roads lead to Rome!Rome!

Roman AqueductRoman Aqueduct

Aqueduct in SegoviaAqueduct in Segovia

Roman Arch Bridge Roman Arch Bridge in Spainin Spain

Hadrian’s Wall in BritainHadrian’s Wall in Britain

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsof Roman Sculptureof Roman Sculpture1.1. Collectors and copiers of Collectors and copiers of

Greek Greek works [more idealistic]. works [more idealistic].

2.2. CategoriesCategories::

• Portrait sculpturePortrait sculpture

• StatuesStatues

• Paintings & mosaicsPaintings & mosaics

Relief sculpturesRelief sculptures

3. 3. More realism [show the More realism [show the wrinkles, wrinkles, the bulges, and ageing!] the bulges, and ageing!]

Roman Copy of Greek ArtRoman Copy of Greek Art

Original created by the Greek sculptor, Original created by the Greek sculptor, Polyclitus, 5c BCE Polyclitus, 5c BCE

Republican CoupleRepublican Couple

Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style.style.

Portraits of EmperorsPortraits of Emperors

Julius Julius CaesarCaesar

NeroNero

HadrianHadrian MarcusMarcusAureliuAureliu

ss

Mosaics on a Mosaics on a Roman Villa FloorRoman Villa Floor

Roman CitizensRoman Citizens

ColumnColumn

OfOf

TrajanTrajan

Base Relief Legionnaires Base Relief Legionnaires on Trajan’s Columnon Trajan’s Column

Roman SarcophagusRoman Sarcophagus

Marble base relief – Etruscan Marble base relief – Etruscan influence?influence?

Roman VillaRoman Villa

House in HerculaneumHouse in Herculaneum

Frescoes on aVilla’s Frescoes on aVilla’s

WallsWalls

Roman Roman CraftsCrafts

1c BCE glass 1c BCE glass bowlbowl

Ivory CameoIvory Cameo

Gold earringsGold earrings

Jefferson MemorialJefferson Memorial

Lincoln MemorialLincoln Memorial

The US Capitol BuildingThe US Capitol Building

Statue of JusticeStatue of JusticeUS Supreme Court US Supreme Court

BuildingBuilding

Federal Court Federal Court Building in NYCBuilding in NYC

Metropolitan Museum Metropolitan Museum of Artof Art

Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty

The End! The End!

Thanks for Watching!Thanks for Watching!