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SOCIAL STUDIESSTUDY GUIDE

This test will cover the American Revolution; causes, effects, battles, and important people. If you study this well, you will make a very good grade!

The test will be WEDNESDAY, DEC. 3!

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The American Revolution

Trace the events that shaped the revolutionary movement in America, including the French & Indian War, British Imperial Policy that led to the 1765 Stamp Act, the slogan “no taxation without representation,” the activities of the Sons of Liberty, and the Boston Tea Party.

[SS4H4 a]

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The French & Indian War (1754-1763) This war was fought by Great Britain and France, and both wanted

control of the area between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains.

France lost, and gave Britain all the land it had in North America.

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King George III King George III didn’t want

British colonists moving to the new British lands west of the Appalachians, so he drew a line down the map and ordered them not to cross it. This was called the Proclamation Line of 1763.

Many colonists ignored him, however, and moved past the mountains anyway. They wanted the king to mind his own business in Britain.

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Wars are very expensive!

Britain decided to make the 13 colonies pay back the costs of the French & Indian War. To do this, they put lots of taxes on things the colonists used.

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There were three main taxes that the British put on the 13 colonies: Sugar Act: added a tax

on sugar.

Stamp Act: required a government stamp tax on newspapers, books, legal papers.

Townshend Acts: taxed tea, glass, paint.

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Fair? Depends who you ask. The colonists said no, that

they were taxed but didn’t have any votes in the British Parliament in London. They said this was ‘taxation without representation,’ and it was very unfair.

The British thought yes, it was fair, because they had fought and defended the 13 colonies against the French. They thought the colonists should pay the taxes and be thankful.

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“Sons of Liber-TEA” To make sure the colonists

paid the taxes, Britain sent thousands of soldiers to the colonies. These were the redcoats!

A secret club soon formed to prevent the British from getting their taxes. This was the Sons of Liberty. Because of the tax on tea, the Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians, snuck onto a British tea ship in Boston Harbor, and dumped all the tea overboard, ruining $1 million worth of British tea! This was the Boston Tea Party.

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Lexington: The First Battle The British were enraged. King

George sent more soldiers to Boston, where the colonists were training to fight. After the Boston Massacre, a group of British soldiers marched to Lexington and Concord, MA, to control that area...

…but Paul Revere, a member of the Sons of Liberty, got there first! He warned the Minutemen that the British were coming, and when the British got there, the battle started.

The battle of Lexington-Concord was the FIRST BATTLE of the American Revolution, and is known as the “shot heard around the world.”

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The Declaration of Independence While the battles were being fought,

leaders of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia, PA, to discuss separating from Britain.

Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration, which said the colonies were now the United States of America, and that everyone has a right to:– Life– Liberty, and– The pursuit of happiness

Then all the members signed it. John Hancock signed his name so large so the King wouldn’t have to use his reading glasses to see it!

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George Washington at Trenton and Valley Forge Then, the Continental

Congress picked George Washington, a hero from the French and Indian War, to lead the Continental Army.

Washington’s army had been defeated in many places, and had to retreat from New York. They crossed the icy Delaware River, defeated the Hessians at Trenton, NJ, and spent the rest of that harsh winter at Valley Forge, PA.

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Battle of Saratoga: the turning point The British marched

south from Canada to get to New York City. They were stopped by the colonial armies and defeated at Saratoga, NY. This was the turning point when the Americans started to win, and France joined their side.

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Benedict Arnold: American Traitor Benedict Arnold was

one of George Washington’s best generals, but he wanted more, and a British spy offered him money and a higher military rank to trade sides. He did, and he became a general for the British! His name is still used today as a synonym for ‘traitor.’

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Yorktown: Washington vs Cornwallis

The Battle of Yorktown was the last major battle of the American Revolution.

The French were a major help in defeating the British. The British Army was surrounded by the Americans, and the French Navy kept the British Navy from bringing in new supplies.

General Charles Cornwallis surrendered, and the war ended.

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Treaty of Paris makes it official:

The British and Americans met in Paris, France, to discuss the way Britain would give up land in North America.

Britain gave the U.S. all the land between the Appalachians and Mississippi River. It gave Florida back to Spain. Britain was allowed to keep Canada.

Look at the painting…did you know the British were so embarrassed over losing that they refused to sit for the artist?

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Review: Important People of the American Revolution

Match these names with the mini-biographies on the next slides:

George Washington George III

Benedict Arnold Thomas Jefferson

Benjamin Franklin Patrick Henry

John Adams

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Who Am I? I was the king of Great Britain during the

French and Indian War; then I drew the Proclamation Line, set taxes on the colonists, and sent my redcoats to make the colonists do what I told them. Who am I? ________________

I was a colonial leader from Philadelphia, Penn. I helped with the Declaration of Independence, but I’m BEST known as an inventor. Who am I? ________________

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Who am I? I was a Massachusetts lawyer who

defended the redcoats after the Boston Massacre. I signed the Declaration of Independence, and later became the second president of the United States.

Who am I? ________________

I was a politician from Virginia who felt like an American, not a British colonist, and said “give me liberty, or give me death!”

Who am I? ______________

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Who Am I? I was a leader in the French and Indian

War, and later became the general in charge of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Many years later, a became the very first president of the United States. (I’m also on the quarter and $1 bill!)

Who am I? _____________

I was a tall, red-headed lawyer from Virginia. I wrote the Declaration of Independence, and later became the third president of the United States. (I’m also on the nickel and $2 bill!)

Who am I? ______________

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Who Am I? I don’t have many friends

these days, because I was a general in the Continental Army, but I changed sides and fought for the British Army. Nobody on either side really trusts me or wants to be around me; I guess that’s the reason I’m on my own slide.

Who am I? _________________ is my name, and I’m the most famous _______ in history!

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Events of the War:Match the event to the phrase.

Lexington The turning point.

Bunker Hill The last major battle.

Trenton Camped-out the awful winter.

Valley Forge The first major battle.

Saratoga Beat Hessians on Christmas.

Yorktown “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

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Congratulations! You have completed Level 5!

Level 6 will include: The Articles of

Confederation U.S.Constitution Bill of Rights Branches of

government How laws are made