Socialization and Deviance Found on the Web

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Socialization andDeviance



Nature vs. Nurture



Nature vs. Nurture

What do the cases of Anna and Genie teachus about the effectsof isolation inchildhood?



What is Socialization?



Socialization

The lifelong socialexperience by whichindividuals develop

human potential andlearn patterns of their culture.



Why Socialization IsImportant

Teaches us ways to think, talk andact that are necessary for social

living. Ensures that members of society are

socialized to support the existing

social structure. Allows society to pass culture on to

the next generation.



How Much Do You Know AboutEarly Socialization and Child Care?

True or False ?

In the United States, full-day child

care often costs as much per year ascollege tuition at a public college oruniversity.



How Much Do You Know AboutEarly Socialization and Child Care?

True.

Full-day child care typically costs

between $4,000 and $10,000 perchild per year, which is as much ormore than tuition at many publiccolleges and universities.

h b



How Much Do You Know AboutEarly Socialization and ChildCare?

True or False?

The cost of child care is a major

problem for many U.S. families.



Early Socialization and ChildCare?

True.

Child care outside the home is a major

financial burden, particularly for theone out of every three families withyoung children but with an income of less than $25,000 a year.



Understanding theSocialization Process

Sigmund Freud

Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg

Carol Gilligan

George Herbert Mead with Cooley

Erik H. Erikson




In your group, make sure that eachmember understands the

contributions of the person you wereassigned.

Develop a picture that illustrates the

major contribution of that person toour understanding of humandevelopment.

Draw that picture on the board.




Form new groups so that eachperson from the board is

represented. In your new group, take turns

explaining the contributions of theperson your original group was

assigned. Explain the picture on the board.

Make sure each member understand

the contributions these people made.



In your notebook

List the major forcesthat have shaped who

you are today.



In your notebook

Draw a pie chartthat illustrates therelative importance

of those forces thathave shaped whoyou are.



Major Agents of Socialization

Family

SchoolingPeer Group

Mass Media



Agents of Socialization-Family

Family is the mostimportant agent of

socialization.

Unintentionalsocialization

Effects of class onhow parents raise

their children?



Agents of Socialization-School

Enlarges a child’s world

Our technical world expanded time here

Hidden curriculum Other effects?



School

Profound effect on child’s self image,beliefs and values – Give examples

At school, you are evaluated andcompared

Official record is kept of your school

grades and behavior How does this affect you?



School – Functionalist Persp

Schools are responsible for:

Teaching students to be productive

mbrs of society Transmission of culture

Social control and personaldevelopment

Selection, training and placement of individuals



School – Conflict perspec.

Students have different experiencesbased on social class, race, gender,neighborhood

Give examples Teaching of the hidden curriculum –

children learn to be neat, on time,quiet, wait their turn, remain

attentive Socialized for the work force

Middle class vs lower class and

expectations



Agents of Socialization-Peer group

Peers haveinterests, social

position and agein common.

Identity apart

from family andbehavior freefrom adult

supervision.



Peer groups

Functions as an agent of socialization by contributing to our

sense of belonging Freedom from parents and authority

figures

Teach what is acceptable culturally

Serve as a conduit for passing onculture

Give examples



Agents of Socialization-Mass Media

Radio, TV, Movies,Music, Magazines

TV in 98% of homes

On for 7 hours perday.

Content of TV?Violence?

Liberal Media?



Are their other Agents of

Socialization you wouldlike to discuss?

ReligionWork

Military

Prison

Clubs



Consider

How does each agent of socializationdiffer from the others?

What happens when the influence of one agent of socialization is

diminished?



Gender Role Socialization



Terms

Sex- the biological distinctionbetween female and male.

Gender- the significance that a

society attaches to biologicalcategories of female and male.Masculine and Feminine.



What are some words we

associate with eachgender?



Gender and the agents of socialization

Look back over your life andconsidered how your gender hasshaped your identity. How is your gender identity still informed

or affected by your experiences growingup?

How has your schooling played into your

understanding of what it means to be aboy or a girl?

Have you ever been ridiculed for doing orsaying something that others didn't

consider "masculine" or "feminine"?



Gender and the agents of socialization

How do each of the following informor affect your gender identity?

FamilySchool

Peers

Media

Does your behavior reinforcethese ideas?



Magazine Assignment

Discuss the magazines you read.

List the values of the magazines that

were targeted towards men and themagazines targeted towards women.

Did the magazines you looked atreinforce gender roles or not? How?

How did you feel when you lookedthrough the magazines?

Do these magazines have a positive or

negative effect in society?



Gender role stereotypes inchildren’s commercials:

Commercials with boy models onlywere found to feature more away fromhome settings.

Commercials with girl models onlywere more likely to be set in thehome.

Only boys were shown in anti-socialbehavior.

Girls in commercials show only socially

acceptable behavior.



Tough question

If we are indeed shaped bysociety, evaluate whether anunderstanding of thesocialization process makes

one more or less free.



Socialization and the LifeCourse



Are you an adult?

How do you know?

What does it mean

to be an adult?



“The Rise and Fall of theAmerican Teenager”

Consider what itmeans to be ateenager and howthis conceptdeveloped.



Deviance



Before we get startedyou should be familiarwith the concept of cognitive dissidence.



cognitive dissidence

When presented with information thatdoes not fit with your understanding,you have two choices:

1) Change the way you think

2) Dismiss the new information



cognitive dissidence

Changing the way you think can bepainful, but that is not enough reasonto refuse to do it.

let’s proceed…



Keep in mind this question

How does the sociologicalexplanation of deviancediffer from the common

sense notion that badpeople do bad things?



What is Deviance?



Deviance

The recognizedviolation of cultural norms.



What are the SocialFoundations of Deviance?



Social Foundations of Deviance

Deviance varies according tocultural norms.





People become deviant asothers define them that way





People become deviant as othersdefine them that way

Both rule making and rulebreaking involves power.

S l F i l



Structural FunctionalAnalysis of Deviance

Emile Durkheim

Robert Merton

St t l F ti l



Structural FunctionalAnalysis- Durkheim

What functions does deviance serve?

St t l F ti l



Structural FunctionalAnalysis- Durkheim

What functions does deviance serve?

Affirms cultural norms and values.

Responding to deviance clarifiesmoral boundaries.

Responding to deviance promotes

social unity.Deviance can encourage social

change.



Structural Functional Analysis-Merton’s Structural Strain Theory

Societies have "goals"guiding how life ought tobe.

Society also instructs usas to the correct “means” to achieve those goals.

The scope and character

of deviance depends onhow well society providesthe institutionalizedmeans to achieve cultural

goals

M t ’ St t l St i



Merton’s Structural StrainTheory

"Success is a journey, not a

destination."

Describe the goalof the American

Dream and thelegitimate means to achieve that

goal.

M t ’ St t l St i



Merton’s Structural StrainTheory

"Success is a journey, not a

destination."

Let’s say thatmaking $$$ is

a goal of theAmerican

Dream.

Merton’s Structural Strain




Theory- Conformity

Conformity-pursuing

conventionalgoals throughapproved means.

How does thisapply to the goalof makingmoney?

C f it Bill L b h



Conformity- Bill Lumberghfrom “Office Space”



Conformity is the onlymodel that is not deviant




Merton s Structural Strain

Theory- Innovation

Innovation- usingunconventional

means to achievea culturallyapproved goal.

How does thisapply to the goalof making money?

Inno ation Pete Gibbons



Innovation- Peter Gibbonsfrom “Office Space”




Merton s Structural Strain

Theory- Ritualism

Ritualism-abandon cultural

goals but continueto act out theapproved means.

How does thisapply to the goalof making money?

Ritualism Milton Waddams



Ritualism- Milton Waddamsfrom “Office Space”




Merton’s Structural StrainTheory- Retreatism

Retreatism-reject both

cultural goals andapproved means. “drop out”

How does thisapply to the goalof makingmoney?




Merton s Structural StrainTheory- Rebellion

Rebellion- rebelsgo beyondretreatism byadvocating radicalalternatives to theexisting social

order. How does this

apply to the goalof making money?




Merton s Structural StrainTheory

Goals Means

Conformity Accept Accept

Innovation Accept Reject

Ritualism Reject Accept

Retreatism Reject Reject

Rebellion Replace Replace

Apply Merton’s Structural



Apply Merton s StructuralStrain Theory to school.

Goals Means

Conformity Accept Accept

Innovation Accept Reject

Ritualism Reject Accept

Retreatism Reject Reject

Rebellion Replace Replace

Symbolic Interaction



Symbolic InteractionAnalysis of Deviance

Labeling Theory

Sutherland’s Differential AssociationTheory

Hirshi’s Control Theory




Symbolic InteractionAnalysis- Labeling Theory

The assertion that deviance andconformity result, not only from whatpeople do, but from how othersrespond to those actions.

The same behavior may be defined indifferent ways.

Are you deviant if you speed but don’tget caught?




Symbolic InteractionAnalysis- Labeling Theory

Primary deviance

Secondary Deviance

Stigma

Retrospective Labeling

Medicalization of DevianceSignificance?

S I Analysis Sutherland’s



S.I. Analysis- Sutherland sDifferential Association

A person’s tendency towardsconformity or deviance depends

upon relative contact withothers who encourageconventional behavior versus

those who do not.

S I Analysis Hirshi’s



S.I. Analysis- Hirshi sControl Theory

Everyone finds some deviancetempting but there are four types

of social control:

S I Analysis Hirshi’s




Everyone finds some deviancetempting but there are four types

of social control:Attachment

Commitment

Involvement

Belief

S I Analysis- Hirshi’s




Everyone finds some deviancetempting but there are four types of social control:

Attachment

Commitment

Involvement

Belief

Apply this explanation to the Central

Bucks 40 Assets Program



Social Conflict Analysis

Deviance and Power

Deviance and Capitalism

White-Collar Crime

In your notebook summarize the



major principles of each topic andapply this theory to school:

Deviance and Power

Deviance and Capitalism

White-Collar Crime

Social Conflict- Deviance



Social Conflict- Devianceand Power

Norms reflect the interests of the rich and powerful

The powerful have the resourcesto resist deviant labels

Belief that laws are good andnatural masks their politicalcharacter.

Social Conflict- Deviance



Social Conflict- Devianceand Capitalism

People who threaten the property of others are prime candidates fordeviant labels.

People who cannot or will not workare labeled deviant.

People who resist authority are

labeled as deviant. People who challenge the capitalist

status quo are likely to be labeled

deviant

Social Conflict- White Collar



Social Conflict White CollarCrimes

Crimes committed by persons of high social position in the course of

their occupations.More likely to be tried in civil court

rather than criminal court.

If convicted of criminal crimes theyare less likely to go to jail.

l f CC h S



Prevalence of WCC in the US

1. Credit CardFraud

2. Embezzlement-State

3. Income Tax

Fraud 4. Corporate Crime

5. Mail Fraud-

Federal

6. Computer Fraud

7. Bank Fraud-Federal

8. Embezzlement-Federal

9. DefraudingInsurer

10. False

Advertising

Social Conflict- White Collar



Social Conflict White CollarCrimes

The American businesscommunity lost $50 billion in

1980 to white-collar crime. Thiswas nearly 10 times more thanthe monetary value of all forms of street crime.

Can also cause murder byneglect- pollution, product safet

Recently…



y



caption: Where our lying cheating stealing



caption: Where our lying, cheating, stealingexecutives will most likely end up serving.

Deviance and Social



Deviance and SocialDiversity

Deviance and Gender

Whether people define a situation asdeviance-and, if so, whose deviance itis- depends on the sex of both theaudience and the actors.

Hate Crimes- a criminal act against a

person or property by an offendermotivated by racial or other bias.

Should there be federal hate-crimes

legislation?



Crime and the CriminalJustice System

Crime is the violation of statuesenacted into criminal law by alocality, state or the federal

government.The Criminal Justice System issociety’s formal response to

crime



Crime

Components of Crime

act and intent

Types of Crime

against the person

against propertyvictimless crime



Criminals

According to the DOJ, the number of d lt i th ti l l ti



adults in the correctional population

is increasing.

According to the Bureau of Justice



According to the Bureau of JusticeStatistics, on June 30, 2001…

1,965,495 prisoners were underFederal or State jurisdiction.

472 prison inmates per 100,000U.S. residents -- up from 292 atyearend 1990.



The United

States hasmore

people inprison than

any othercountry inthe World.



What is the profile of anaverage “street” criminal?

According to the Bureau of Justice



According to the Bureau of JusticeStatistics, on June 30, 2001…

4,848 sentenced black maleinmates per 100,000 black males

in the United StatesCompared to 1,668 sentenced

Hispanic male inmates per100,000 Hispanic males and

705 white male inmates per

100 000 white males



Since 1989 there have been more

federal drug cases than other cases.



Race and drug crimes

13 percent of regular drug users inthis country are black.

62.7 percent of drug offenders sent toprison in 1996 were black, while 36.7percent were white.

Nearly twice as many blacks are being

imprisoned for drug offenses than arewhites, even though there are fivetimes more white drug users thanblack ones.

How can you explain the



How can you explain the

link between race andcriminal prosecution?



Race and drug crimes

Amount of powder cocaine needed totrigger a federal 5-year mandatoryminimum sentence: 500 grams

Amount of crack cocaine needed totrigger a federal 5-year mandatoryminimum sentence: 5 grams

Blacks as percent of those arrested oncrack charges: about 90

Whites as percent of those arrested on

powder cocaine charges: 75



The Death Penalty



Since the death penalty was reinstated by theSupreme Court in 1976, white inmates havemade up the majority of those under sentence

of death.



However, adisproportionate

number of blacks aresentenced to death.



Crime in a Global



Perspective

Violent Crime in the UnitedStates is about five timesof the rate in Europe.

Explanations

Individuality

Gun Ownership

The United States Leads the World in



The United States Leads the World in

Firearm Violence

In 1998, 30,708 people in theUnited States died from firearm-

related deaths. In 1996, handguns were used to

murder 2 people in New Zealand,

15 in Japan, 30 in Great Britain,106 in Canada and 9,390 in theUnited States.



The Criminal JusticeSystem



Reasons for Punishment

Retribution

Deterrence

Rehabilitation

Societal Protection



“The Prison Paradox”

Paradox- a statement thatseems to contradict itself or conflicts with common

sense but contains thetruth.



“The Prison Paradox”

Explain the title of this article.

What does the author suggest

about the effectiveness of prisonand the best ways to deal withcrime?



Punishment

How effective is punishment?

Criminal recidivism

Punishment-



Criminal Recidivism

The US should focus more on



The US should focus more onpunishment than rehabilitationof criminals.

StronglyDisagree

StronglyAgree

SomewhatDisagree

SomewhatAgree

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Socialization and Deviance Found on the Web

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