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general education recognised by the Royal Colleges. Eachcandidate before receiving his diplomas must produce aregistrar’s certificate or other satisfactory evidence that hehas attained the age of 21 years.Preliminary Examination.-The subjects for examination

are identical with those prescribed for the PreliminaryExamination by the General Council of Medical Educationand Registration.

Professional Examinations.Every candidate is required to pass four Professional

Examinations-at the end of the first, second, third, andfifth years respectively of his professional studies. No can-didate shall be admitted to the Final or Qualifying Examina-tion within three months of his rejection at the Final orQualifying Examination by any other Licensing body. Allexaminations shall be conducted as far as possible by demon-stration of objects placed before the candidates.

First Professional Examination.-Every candidate is re-

quired, before admission to the First Professional Exami-nation, to produce evidence-(1) of having parsed in the

subjects of the Preliminary Examination ; and (2) of havingattended a course of-(a) lectures on Theoretical Chemistry,winter course; (b) Practical Chemistry, three months’summer or winter course ; (c) Elementary Biology ; and (d)Physics. The fee for this examination is £15 15s.The subjects of the First Professional Examination are

the following :-1. (a) Chemistry ; (b) Physics. 2. Ele-mentary Biology. The fee is .B15 15s.

Second Professional Examination.-Candidates are notadmissible to this examination before the end of their secondwinter session. Every candidate is required, before admissionto the Second Professional Examination, to produce evidenceof having passed the First Professional Examination, andcertificates of having attended-(1) Demonstrations andDissections, two courses of six months ; (2) Practical His-tology for three months ; (3) Lectures on (a) Anatomy forsix months ; (b) Physiology for six months.The subjects of the Second Professional Examination are

the follow ng :-1. Anatomy ; (2) Histology ; (3) (a)Physiology ; (b) Physiology. Anatomy, and Histology. Thefee for this examination is .BIO 10s.

Third Professional Examination.-Candidates are notadmitted to this examination before the end of their thirdwinter session. Every candidate is required, before admis-sion to the Third Professional Examination, to produceevidence of having passed the Second Professional Examina-tion, and, in addition to the certificates required for theSecond Professional Examination, certificates of havingattended-(a) Pathology ; (1) Systematic, (2). Practical,three months each ; (b) Materia Medica, Pharmacy, andTherapeutics ; (e) Forensic Medicine and Public Health forthree months; (d) Surgery for six months; (e) Midwifery,including Diseases peculiar to Women and to Naw-bornChildren, for six months. Satisfactory evidence must beproduced of attendance in fever wards in connexion withthe hospital attendance in either the third or a subsequentyear.The subjects for the Third Professional Examination are

the following :-(1) Pathology ; (2) Materia Meaica, Phar-macy, and Therapeutics ; (3) Public Health and Hygiene.The fee for this examination is .69 9s.Final Professional Examination.-Candidates may take one

or two sections of this examination at the end of the third

year but cannot complete it till the expiry of four yearsfrom the passing the First Professional Examination. Everycandidate is required before admission to produce evidence (1)of having passed the Third Professional Examination ; (2)of having attended-(a) at a General Hcspital for 27 montbs ;(b) Clinical Instruction in Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery forthree months ; (e) a Midwifery Hospital or Maternity; (d)Vaccination ; (e) Clinical Instruction in Mental Diseases, ifnot taken in the fourth year.The subjects for the Fourth Professional Examina’ion are

the following:-(1) Medicine, including Fevers, MentalDiseases, and Diseases of Children ; (2) Surgery, includingOperative Surgery and Ophthalmic Surgery ; (3) Midwifery,including Diseases of Women and New-born Children andVaccination. Every candidate shall produce evidence ofhaving acted as medical clinical clerk and as surgical dresser.Candidates may present tbemselves for examination in allthe subjects of the Final Examination at the same time or incertain groups of subjects. The fee for this examination is.66 6s. Farther particulars can be obtained on applicationto the Secretary of the Committee of Management, RoyalCollege of Physician f, Dublin.

SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.There are two examinations-Primary and Final. The

Final examination is divided into Section I. and Section II.The Primary examination is held quarterly, on the firstWednesday and on the Monday and Thursday of the sameweek, in the months of January, April, July, and October.Final examinations are held monthly.The Primary examination consists of two parts. Part I.

Elementary Biology ; Chemistry, Chemical Physics, includingthe Elementary Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, Heat, Light,and Electricity; Practical Chemistry; and Materia Medicaand Pharmacy. A synopsis indicating the range of the sub-jects in the examination will be sent with the regulationson application. Evidence of instruction in these subjectsmust be produced prior to examination. Part II. includesAnatomy, Physiology, and Histology. This examinationcannot be passed before the completion of twelve months’Practical Anatomy with Demonstrations, and these subjectscannot be taken separately except in the event of the candi-date having previously passed in one. Evidence must be

produced ot the candidate’s course of study. A schedule forthe Primary examination, to be obtained of the Secretary,must be signed by the Dean of the Medical School or

other authority. Section I. of the Final examinationconsists of three parts. Part I. includes the Principlesar.d Practice of Surgery, Surgical Pathology, and Sur-gical Anatomy, Operative Manipulation, Instruments,and Appliances. Part II. includes the Principlesand Practice of Medicine, Pharmacology, Pathologyand Morbid Histology; Forensic Medicine, Hygiene,Theory and Practice of Vaccination; and Mental Diseases.Part III. includes Midwifery, Gynaecology, and Diseases ofNew-born Children and the Use of Obstetric Instruments and

Appliances. Section I. of the Final examination cannotbe passed before the expiration of 45 months afterregistration as medical student, during which time notless than three winter sessions and two summer sessionsmust have been passed at one or more of the medicalschools connected with a general hospital recognised bythe Society. Section II. of the Final examination con-sists of two Parts. Part 1. Clinical Surgery; Part II.Clinical Medicine and Medical Anatomy. Section II. cannotbe passed before the end of the fifth year.The course of study for the Primary examination is

as follows :-Elementary Biology, not less than threemonths ; Chemistry and Chemical Physics, six months;Practical Chemistry, three months; Pharmacy and Dis-pensing, three months; Anatomy, six months; PracticalAnatomy with Demonstrations, twelve months ; Physiology,six months ; Histology with Demonstrations, three months.The study of these subjects must be pursued at a MedicalSchool recognised by the Society. Instruction in Pharmacyand Dispensing must be given by a registered medicalpractitioner or by a member of the PharmaceuticalSociety by examination or in a public hospital, infirmary,or dispensary.The course of study for the Final examination, Section I.,

includes attendance on the Surgical and Medical Practice(wirh Post-mortem Examinations) at a hospital connected witha medical school for a period of one winter and one summersession ; lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery,six months ; Practical Surgery, three months ; ClinicalSurgical Lectures, nine months ; 5 Dressership, six months ;Performance of Surgical Operations on the Dead Body ;lectures on Principles and Practice of Medicine, six months ; ;Pathology, three months ; Clinical Medical Lectures, ninemonths; Clinical Clerkship,5 six months ; Forensic Medi-cine, Hygiene, and Insanity, three months ; Midwifery andGynæcology, three months; Clinical Instruction in the same,three tronths ; a - course of Practical Mid mif ery ; attendanceon 20 Mdwifery cases. The course of medical study mustextend over the above-mentioned period of 45 months.

Fhe course of study for the Final examination Section II.includes either attendance on the Practice of Medicineand Surgery at a hospital or other institution recognisedby the Society for a further period of 12 months,or six months as above and six months as a pupilof a registered practitioner holding a public medicalor surgical appointment, or attendance at two specialhospitals for six months (three months at each hos-

pital), and for six months at a general hospital, all buch

hospitals to be recognised by the Society. Evidence shall

5 These offices must be held at a hospital, or other institutionrecognised by the society.

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also be given of practical instruction in Infectious Diseasesand in Mental Diseases (at a lunatic asylum or in the wardsof an institution containing a special ward set apart for thetreatment of mental diseases), and in any two of thefollowing subjects : Ophthalmic Surgery, Laryngologywith Rhinology and Otology, Dermatology, and Diseasesof Children. No candidate is eligible for the Finalexamination who has not completed the curriculum pre-scribed by the Society, in evidence of which a schedule,to be obtained of the Secretary, must be produced, signed bythe Dean of the Medical School or other authority. Prior toSection II. of the Final examination the candidate mustproduce certificates: (1) of being 21 years of age; (2)of moral character; (3) of the course of medical study ;and (4) of proficiency in vaccination signed by a teacherauthorised by the Local Government Board. Candidatesintending to present themselves for examination are requiredto give 14 days’ notice. A form for this purpose will besent on application.The fee for the Licence is 20 guineas. The examination

offices are open from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M. ; on Saturdaysfrom 10 A.M. to 1 P.M. All letters should be addressed tothe Secretary, Court of Examiners, Society of Apothecariesof London, Blackfriars, E.C.

APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND.The Licence of this Hall is granted to students who can

present certificates of having fully completed the course ofstudy as laid down in the curriculum. The diploma of theApothecaries’ Hall of Ireland entitles the holder to beregistered as a practitioner in medicine, surgery, and mid-wifery, also with the privileges of the Apothecary Licence.There are four professional examinations, the total fees in con-nexion with which amount to 21 guineas. Ladies are eligiblefor the diploma. Candidates already on the Register willreceive the diploma of the Hall upon passing an examinationin the subjects which are not covered by their previousqualifications and on paying a fee of 10 guineas. Ifmedicine or surgery be required two guineas extra will becharged.The fees payable for each examination are as follows :-

first professional, £5 5s. ; ; second, £5 5s. third, e5 5s. ;final examination, .66 6s. If a candidate gives three cleardays’ notice of inability to attend he may present himself atthe ensuing examination without any further fee. A candi-date is allowed for each professional examination which hehas completed at any other licensing body except the final. Ifhe has passed only in some of the subjects in a given exami-nation he has to pay the whole of the fee for that examina-tion. The fees for re-examination are for each subject.61 Is., excepting in the subjects of chemistry, pharmacy,surgery, medicine, second anatomy, and ophthalmology, the fees for which are two guineas each. The fee for the finalalone is £15 15s. when the other examinations have beentaken elsewhere. All examination fees are to be lodged inthe Sackville-street Branch of the Royal Bank of Ireland tothe credit of the Examination Committee. Applications andschedules, together with bank receipt for the fee. must belodged with the Registrar, Apothecaries’ Hall, 40, Mary-street, Dublin, 14 clear days before the first day ofexamination.

There are four examinations-first, second, third, andfinal. The first three are held quarterly on the third Mondayin January, April, July, and October ; there are only two finals, in January and July. The first examination includesbiology, physics, theoretical and practical chemistry, withan examination at the bench. Pharmacy is put down in thisexamination, but it may be taken at any of the first threeexaminations. Candidates holding a Pharmaceutical licenceare exempt from this subject. Osteology (first anatomy) is also a subject of the first professional examination. Thesubjects for the second professional are anatomy of thewhole body (the examination in this subject is practical),materia medica and therapeutics, physiology and practical histology. The third examination consists of pathology,materia medica if not taken at second examination, medicaljurisprudence, and hygiene. The final examination includesmedicine, oral and clinical surgery, including operations,clinical and oral, clinical ophthalmic surgery, midwifery,and gynaecology. Written papers are required on all thesesubjects.

Candidates who desire to obtain the Letters Testimonialof the Apothecaries’ Hall in Ireland must before proceeding

to the final examination produce evidence of having beenregistered as medical students for 57 months, also of havingattended courses of instruction as follows :-one course each(winter course of six months) of the following: anatomy(lecture), chemistry (theoretical), midwifery, practice ofmedicine, physiology or institutes of medicine, surgery,dissections, two courses of six months each. Courses ofthree months: materia medica, medical jurisprudence,chemistry (practical), practical physiology and histology,operative surgery, physics, clinical ophthalmology, biology,clinical instruction in mental disease, pathology, and vacci-nation. Medico-chirurgical hospital, 27 months to be dis-tributed, at the student’s own discretion, over the last fouryears of his study. The candidate may substitute for ninemonths in this hospital attendance six months as a residentpupil. He will be required to present a certificate of havingtaken notes of at least six medical and surgical casesrecorded under the supervision respectively of a physicianand surgeon of his hospital. Three months’ study of fever-which may be included in his 27 months’ hospital attendance-in a hospital containing fever wards, and having takennotes of five cases of fever—viz., either typhus fever, typhoidfever, scarlet fever, small-pox, or measles. Six monthspractical midwifery and diseases of women during thewinter or summer of the third or the fourth year at arecognised lying-in hospital or maternity. Three months’practical pharmacy in a recognised clinical hcspital or arecognised school of pharmacy, or a year in the compound-ing department of a licentiate apothecary or a pharmaceuticalchemist. Each candidate before receiving his diploma mustproduce evidence that he has attained the age of 21 years.Each candidate must produce evidence of having beforeentering on medical studies passed a preliminary examinationin general education recognised by the General MedicalCouncil and of having been registered by that Council as astudent in medicine. Certificates of medical study will notbe recognised if the commencement of the course to whichthe certificate refers dates more than 15 days prior to suchregistration, except in the subjects of physics or biology.This registration is not undertaken by the Hall, but thestudent must apply to the Registrar of the General MedicalCouncil that he may be so entered. The details of thecourse of education required and syllabus of the examina-tions will be supplied on application to the Registrar at40, Mary-street, Dublin.

UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS.British and other practitioners holding registrable quali-

fications are admitted to the examination for the Doctorateof the University of Brussels without further curriculum.It is essentially a practitioner’s examination and is separatefrom that intended for the Belgian students who take up themedical curriculum of the University. The fees are-For matri-culation, &8 12s. ; for 1st Part, £4 8s. ; for 2nd Part, f.4 4s. ;for 3rd Part, £4 8s. ; for legalisation of diploma, 8s.-total,.f:22. Candidates who have paid in advance the fees for thethree examinations, and are unsuccessful in the first, recoverthe fees paid for the second and third ; those who fail in thesecond recover the fees paid for the third examination.Unsuccessful candidates are allowed to come up again threemonths after rejection on payment of examination fees only,provided this second appearance be in the course of the sameacademical year (October lst to June 30th), otherwise theymust renew the payment of the matriculation fee of £8 12s.There are three examinations, viz.-1st Part : General Medi-cine ; Pathology and Morbid Anatomy ; General Therapeutics;Materia Medica and Pharmacology ; Special Therapeuticsand Mental Diseases. 2nd Part : Surgery ; Midwifery;Hygiene; and Medical Jurisprudence. 3rd Part : ClinicaJexamination in Medicine at the Hospital ; Clinical Surgicalexamination ; examination in Midwifery. consisting of ob-stetrical operations on the mannequin (doll and modd ofpelvis) ; examination in Operative Surgery, consisting ofsome of the usual operations on the dead subject, such a3Amputation, Ligature of an Artery, &c. ; Regional Anatomyon the Dead Body, with Dissections; and Ophthalmology.The first and second parts are theoretical and the third ismainly practical and clinical. The time required for thethree examinations seldom exceeds ten days, and is usuallyless. Candidates have the option of passing each partseparately or of taking the three together, and the latter isthe usual course ; also of demanding a written examinationon payment of an additional fee of one guinea for each part,