SOCIETY 011’ APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.

(4) Materia Medica. The candidate must present himself,in the first instance at least, in Anatomy, and Histology ;if he pass in either of these subjects he may, at thediscretion of the examiners, get credit therefor. Physiologyand Materia Medica may, at the option of the candidate,be passed at the end of the second or during the third year.

Third Professional Examination. ---Candidates are notadmitted to this examination before the end of theirfourth winter session. Every candidate is required, beforeadmission to the Third Professional Examination, to pro-duce evidence of having passed the Second ProfessionalExamination ; also, in addition to the certificates requiredfor the Second Professional Examination, certificates of

Tiaving attended - (1) a medico-chirurgical hospital foreighteen months ; (2) a midwifery hospital or maternity,including evidence of having been present at thirty labours ;11for six months ; (3) clinical instruction in Mental Diseasesat an institution recognised by the Colleges11 for threemonths ; (4) Operative Surgery, including operations on theDead Subject, not less than thirty meetings of the class ;(5) Demonstrations and Dissections, for six months ;(6) Vaccination;" (7) Practical Pathology, not less than

thirty meetings of the class ; (8) Lectures on (a) Medicinefor six months; (b) Surgery for six months ; (c) PublicHealth and Forensic Medicine for three months ; (d) Mid-wifery. including Diseases peculiar to Women and to New-htrn Children, for six months. Nos. 2, 3, and 6 may bedeferred to fifth year. Satisfactory evidence must be pro-duced of attendance in fever wards in connexion withthe hospital attendance in either the third or a subsequentyear. The fee for this examination is £9 9s.The subjects for the Third Professional Examination are

the following :-(1) Medicine; (2) Surgery ; (3) Pathology ;(4) Therapeutics; (5) Pablic Health and Forensic Medicine.A candidate must present himself, in the first instance atleast, in Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology. Should he

pass in either Medicine or Surgery he shall get credittherefor, even if he have failed in other parts of theexamination.Final Professional Examination. -Candidates are not

admissible to this examination before the end of their fifthyear of medical study. Every candidate is required beforeadmission to produce evidence—(1) of having passed theThird Professional Examination ; (2) of having attended-(a) Clinical Instruction in Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery forthree months ; (b) a midwifery hospital or maternity, if nottaken in the fourth year, for six months ; (r) Vaccination,if not taken in the third or fourth year ; (d) Clinical Instruc-tion in Mental Diseases, if not taken in the fourth year.The subjects for the Fourth Professional Examination

are the following: - (1) Medicine, including MedicalAnatomy and Mental Diseases ; (2) Surgery ; (3) OperativeSurgery and Surgical Anatomy ; (4) Ophthalmic and AuralSurgery ; (5) Midwifery, including Diseases of Women andNew-born Children ; and (6) the Theory and Practice ofVaccination. Every Candidate shall produce evidence ofhaving acted as medical clinical clerk and as surgical dresser.The fee for this examination is ;E6 6-s.

SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.

There are tbree examinations, Primary, Intermediate, and-Final. The Primary Examination is held quarterly, on thefirst Wednesday and on the Monday and ’fhursday of thesame week, in the months of January, April, July, andOctober. The Intermediate and Final Examinations areheld monthly.The Primary Examination consists of two parts. Part i.

includes Elementary Biology; Chemistry, the Principles ofthe Science which bear on the Study of Medicine ; ChemicalPhysics, including the Elementary Mechanics of Solids andFluids. Heat, Light, and Electricity ; Practical Chemistry;and Pharmacy. A synopsis indicating the range of the

(subjects in the examination will be sent with the regulationson application. Evidence of instruction in these subject3must be produced ptior to examination. Part 11. includesAnatomy, Physiology, and Histology. This examinationcannot be passed before the completion of twelve monthsPractical Anatomy with Demonstrations, and these subjectscannot be taken seperately except in the event of the candi-date having previously passEd in one. Evidence must be

11 May be taken in either the fourth or fifth year.

produced of the candidate’s course of study. A schedule forthe Primary Examination, to be obtained of the Secretary,must be signed by the Dean of the Medical School or otherauthority. The Intermediate Examination consists of three"parts. Part I. includes the Principles and Practice ofSurgery, Surgical Pathology, and Surgical Anatomy. Part If.includes the Principles and Practice of Medicine, togetherwith Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Prescriptions ; Patho-logy and Morbid Histology ; Forensic Medicine, Hygiene,,,Theory and Practice of Vaccination ; and Mental Diseases.Part III. includes Midwifery. Gynæcology, and Diseases of’New-born Children and the Use of Obstetric Instruments andAppliances. Part III. may be postponed to the Final’Examination, and candidates may enter for Parts 1., II..,and III. together or separately. The Intermediate Examina-tion cannot be passed before the expiraticn of forty-fivemonths after registration as medical student, during whichtime not less than three winter sessions and two summersessions must have been passed at one or more of the medicalschools connected with a general hospital recognised by theCourt of Examiners. The Fina.1 Examination consists of’three Parts. Part I. includes an Examination of and WrittenReport on Surgical Cases, and Operative Manipulation aidSargical Anatomy, Instruments and Appliances. Part II.includes an Examination of and Written Report on MedicalCases and Medical Anatomy. Part III. includes Midwifery,Gynæcology, and Diseases of New-born Children, and theUse of Obstetric Instruments and Appliancex. Parts I,and 11 of this examination cannot be passed before the endof the fifth year.The course of study for the Primary Examination is.

as follows :--Elementary Biology, not less than threemonths; Chemistry and Chemical Physics, six months;.Practical Chemistry, three months; Pharmacy and Dis-pensing, three months; Anatomy, six months; PracticalAnatomy with Demonstrations, twelve months ; Physiology,six months ; Histology with Demonstrations, three months.The study of these subjects must be pursued at a MedicalSchool or at a place of instruction recognised by the Society..Evidence of having received instruction in Biology andChemistry before registration as medical student will b&admitted. Instruction in Pharmacy and Dispensing must be-given by a registered medical practitioner or by a member ofthe Pharmaceutical Society by examination or in a publichospital, infirmary, or dispensary.The course of study tor the Intermediate Examicaticn

includes attendance on the Surgical and Medical Practice(with Post-mortem Examinations) at a hospital connected with-a medical school for a period of three winter and two summarsessions ; lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery,six months ; Practical Surgery, three months ; Clinical

Surgical Lectures, nine months’ ; Dressership,12 six months;Performance of Surgical Operations on the Dead Body ;:lectures on Principles and Practice of Medicine, six months; Pathology, three months ; Clinical Medical Lectures, nine

months ; Clinical Clerkship,12 six 6months ; Forensic Medi-cine, Hygiene, and Insanity, three months ; Midwifery andGynæcology, three months ; Clinical Instruction in the same,three months ; a course of Practical Midwifery ; attendanceon twenty Midwifery cases. The course of medical studymust extend over the above-mentioned period of forty-fivemonths.The course of study for the Final Examination includes’

either attendance on the Practice of Medicine and Surgery at.a hospital or other institution recognised by the Society for a further period of twelve months, or six months as above andsix months as a pupil of a registered practitioner holding a-public medical or surgical appointment, or attendance at two’special hospitals for six months (three months at each hos..pital), and for six months at a general hospital, all such

hospitals to be recognised by the Society. Evidence shallalso be given of practical instruction in Infectious Diseases.and in Mental Diseases (at a lunatic asylum or in the wardsof an institution containirg a special ward set apart for thetreatment of mental diseases), and in any two of the followingsubjects: Ophthalmic Sargery. Laryngology with Rhirolcgyand Otology, Dermatology, Diseases of Children. These courses may be taken at a general hospital recognised by theSociety any time after the student has held the post ofDresser and Clinical Clerk. No candidate is eligible for the

12 These offices may he held at a hospital, infirmary, or dispensarywhere sufficient opportunities are afforded for the acquirement ofpractical knowledge.

605ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND.

Final Examination who has not completed the curriculumprescribed by the Society, in evidence of which a Echedule,to be obtained of the Secretary, must be produced, signed bythe Dean of the Medical School or other authority. Prior tothe Final Examination the candidate must produce certifi-cates : (1) of being twenty-one years of age ; (2) of moralcharacter; (3) of the cjurse of medical study ; and (4) ofproficiency in vaccination Figned by a teacher authorised bythe Local Government Board. Candidates intending to

present themselves for examination are required to givefourteen days’ notice. A form for this purpose will be sent.en application. "The fee for the three examinations is 15 guineas, or 5

guineas for each examination, except in the case of personsholding a foreign diploma, who are required to pay the entirefee of 15 guineas, The Secretary to the Examiners attendsat the H-tll of the Society, Blaokfriars, E.C., from 10 to12 o’clock daily.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND ANDTHE APOTHECARIES’ HALL OF IRELAND.13

Every candidate for the Conjoint Diplomas of the Royal!College of Surgeons and Apothecaries’ Hall must produceevidence—(a) of having, before entering on medical studies,passed a Preliminary Examination in General Education re-- cognised by the General Medical Council ; and (b) of havingbeen registered by that Council as a Student in Medicine.Certificates of medical study will mt be recognised if the.commencement of the course to which the certificate refers- dates more than fifteen days prior to such registration. Thisregistration is not undertaken by the corporations ; but thestudent must apply to the Medical Registrar, 35, Dawson-street, Dublin, in order that he may be so entered. No feeis payable for registration. Every candidate for the Conjoint!Diplomas is required to pass a Preliminary Examination as,prescribed by the Medical Council and four ProfessionalExaminations. Mechanics and Physics will in future form aportion of the first year’s professional study. All examina-tions in general education recognised by the General MedicaltCouncil are accepted by the College of Surgeons andApothecaries’ Hall.

Sessional Medical Examinations.-The Examinations willbe held in Janaary, April, July, and October of each year,unless otherwise appointed by the committee of management,beginning with the First Examination.

First Examination.-Candidates are required, before admis-sion to the First Professional Examination, to produce evi-dence : 1. Of having been registered by the Medical Councilas medical students at least six months before examination.;2. Of having attended (a) Damonstrations and Dissections,(b) Chemistry, (e) Physics (winter courses, six months),(d) Practical Chemistry, (e) Biology (summer courses,three months), (f) Practical Pharmacy for three months inthe Compounding Department of a Clinical Hospital or a.School of Pharmacy, or in the Compounding Establishmentof a Licentiate Apothecary. A candidate may take thisexamination as a whole at one time or in four parts, but the’examination in Anatomy not earlier than the end of his first’winter session. Fee for First Examination, .65 5s. 14

Second Examination.-Candidates must produce evidenceof having passed the First Professional Examination ; alsocertificates of having subsequently attended-(a)15 a Medico.Chirurgical Hospital and of having taken notes of at least’three Medical cases and three Surgical cases, or a certificateof Clinical Clerkship ; (b) the following courses of Lectures :- (1) Practical Anatomy ; (2) Demonstrations and Dissections;(3) Physiology (winter courses. six months) ; (4) MateriaMedica (or in third year) ; (5) Practical Histology (summercourses, three months).

13 By agreement between the Corporations this conjoint scheme wasclosed for new entries on June 30th, 1895. Students who entered beforethat date are allowed to complete their examinations.

14 Reduction of examination fees : The total fees for the diplomas ofL.R.C.S.I. and L.A.H. will in future be £26 5s.—i.e., £5 5s. fur each ofthe first three examinations and £10 10s. for the final. Candidates whocommenced study under any previous scheme to this will be entitled tocredit for the fees which they have already paid to either the Collegeof Surgeons or the Apothecaries’ Hall. as against the amount of thefees for the respective examinations as above stated; but in case theyhave not passed with either body previous examinations under thisscheme they must pay the fees whien would have accrued to that bodyif they had done so.

15 The student is required to attend a Medico-Chirurgical Hospital fortwenty-seven months, to be distributed, at his own discretion, over thelast four years of his study,

Third Examination.-Candidates must produce evidence ofhaving passed the Second Examination ; also certificates ofhaving subsequently attended—(a)15 a Madico-ChirargicalHospital, and notes of at least three Medical and three

Sargical cases, or of having acted as Clinical Clerk ; (b) thefollowing courses of Lectures : (1) Medicine ; (2) Surgery(winter courses) ; (3) Public Health and Forensic Medicinetogether; (4) Practical Pathology—Laboratory Course, atleast thirty meetings of class (summer course). Fee forthird ex.imina.tion, £5 5..

Final Examination.-The candidate must produce evidence- (1) of having passed the Third Professional Examination ;(2) of having subsequently attended-(a)15 a Medico-Chirur-gical Hospital for nine months as extern pupil, or sixmonths as resident pupil ; (b) Lsctures on Midwifery (awinter course) ; (c) a recognised Midwifery Hospital, or

Maternity (or in fifth year), for six months, with evidenceof having been present at thirty labours ; (d) ClinicalInstruction in Mental Diseases at an institution recognisedby the College and Hall (may be taken in either fourth orfifth year) ; (c) Operative Surgery, including operationson the dead subject, at least thirty meetings of theclass; of three months’ study of Fever in a ClinicalHospital containing fever wards, and of having takennotes of at least five cases of fever ; (f) Clinical Instrac-tion in Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery (three months) ;(g) Vaccination. Note.-Attendance at a Fever Hospitalwill not be recognised if concurrent with that on PracticalMidwifery.

UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS.

British and other practitioners holding registrable quali-fications are admissible for the Doctorate of the Universityof Brussels without any further curriculum. It is necessary,however, that all candidates should leave their diplomaswith the Registrar of the University prior to the examina-tion, and no one will be admitted until this condition hasbeen complied with. The fees are - For matriculation,£8 12s. ; for lst Doctorate, £4 8s. ; for 2ad Doctorate,4 4s. ; for 3rd Doctorate, £4 8s. ; for legalisation ofdiploma, 8s.- £22. The unsuccessful candidates may pre-sent themselves again three months after rejection. Can-didates who have paid in advance the fees for the threeexaminations, and are unsuccessful in the first, recover thefees paid for the second and third ; those who fail in thesecond recover the fees paid for the third examination.There are three examinations, viz.-lst Doctorate : Medi-cine, Special and General Pathology and PathologicalAnatomy with the Microscope ; Ganeral Therapeutics ;Materia Medica and Pharmacology ; Mental Diseases ; Dis-eases of Women. 2nd Doctorate : Surgery ; Midwifery ;Hygiene ; Medical Jurisprudence. 3rd Doctorate : ClinicalExamination in Medicine at the Hospital ; Clinical SurgicalExamination; Examination in Midwifery, consisting in ob-stetrical operations on the mannikin (model of pelvis) ;Examination in Operative Surgery, consisting in some of theusual operations on the dead subject, such as Amputation.Ligature of an Artery, ,c. ; Regional Anatomy on the DeadBody, with Dissections ; Ophthalmology. Great importanceis attached to practical knowledge, but candidates must alsoprove that they possess positive theoretical science. Theexaminations, which are vivâ ’coee, take place on the firstTuesday in November, December, February, May, and June.Candidates have the option of passing each Doctorate sepa-rately or of taking the three at one examination. The timerequired for the three examinations seldom exceeds ten days.Saturday, before 2 P.M., is the most eligible day for arrivingfor candidates with whom time is an object. The exami-nations are conducted in English. There are in England atpresent about 600 graduates holding this degree, and anEnglish Association of Brussels Graduates has been formed.

All applications concerning the examination should bemade to Dr. Albert Mills, 30, Rue du Pepin, Brussels, or toMr. Walter Reeve, 28, A’iCtOTia- street, Westminster, betweenthe hours of 4 and 5, except Mondays and Saturdays.

THE ARMY, NAVY, AND INDIAN MEDICALSERVICES.

Consequent upon the issue of the Royal Warrant of August.1891, alterations have taken place in the designations c.fthe departmental rank of the officers of the Army Medical