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Socio-Cultural Aspects of

Maternal and Child Nursing

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CHANGING CULTURAL CONCEPTS

Acculturation

Assimilation

Ethnocentrism

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TECHNIQUES OF SOCIOCULTURAL ASSESSMENT

1. Communication Patterns

2. Use of Conversational Space

3. Time Orientation

4. Work Orientation5. Family Orientation

6. Male and Female Roles

7. Religion8. Health Beliefs

9. Nutrition Practices

10.Pain Responses

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COMMUNICATION PATTERNS

Not only what people say, but also how theysay it.

Language barriers can be particularlysignificant for people whu must give health

histories when they or their child is ill.

Touch is a form of communication.

People looking at one another when talkingis also culturally determined.

In many intances, written communication iseven more problematic than oral

communication

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IMPROVING HEALTH CARE WHEN CLIENTS HAVELIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY

Many people can speak a second language better than they can

read it. Assess the clients reading level and rewrite informationat an easier reading level if necessary.

Ask na interpreter to translate material into the familys primary

language.

Be certain that rooms in your health care agency, such asbathrooms, are labeled with international symbols.

Learn a few phrases, such as Good Morning or This wont

hurt, from other languages, and use them in interactions with

clients.

Use hand gestures or draw a figure, if need be, to communicatebetter. Imparting health information is what is important for safecare, not worrying how you look.

When using an interpreter, do not ignore the person seeking

health care in preference to the interpreter.

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USE OF CONVERSATIONALSPACE

People of different cultures usethe space around them

differently. Being aware that use of space

is culturally determined helpsyou to respect the use of spacefor clients.

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TIME ORIENTATION

Time is Money

Another way the timeorientation differs is in whethera culture concentrates on the

past, present, and future.

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WORK ORIENTATION

Everyone should be employedproductively and that work should

be a pleasure and valued in itself

Other cultures do not value work in

itself but see it only as a mean toan end.

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FAMILY ORIENTATION

Family structure and the roles of family

members may be culturally determined.

In most cultures, the nuclear family ismost common.

Identifying the family decision-maker is

also important, because this role canvary greatly from family to family.

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MALE AND FEMALE ROLES In most cultures, the man is the dominant figure.

It is important to evaluate male and femaleroles, because knowing the identity of thedominant person in the household also helps

you to understand the imapct of illness on thefamily.

In most hospitals today, the nursing staffexpects the father to play an active role duringlabor and during a child hospital stay.

Awareness that male roles differ from country tocountry can help you find a middle ground for

male participation in labor and child care.

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RELIGION

Religion is culturally-determined, althoughthere are wide variations in what religionspeople practice.

Because religion guides a persons overall

life philosophy, it influences how he or shefeels about health and illness, birth and

death

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HEALTH BELIEFS

Health beliefs are not universal. People from some cultures may receive

more comfort from a spiritualist or witch

doctor than from their physician or nursepractitioner.

Understanding different beliefs allows you to

understand cultural differences and to workout mutual goals, even when the patients

views are not those you would choose foryourself or for a member of your family.

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NUTRITION PRACTICES

Foods and their methods of

preparation are stronglyculturally related.

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PAIN RESPONSES

A persons response to pain is both

individually and culturally determined.

A persons culture dictates attitudes toward

pain and the proper response to pain.

Caring for a person having pain can beproblematic when the caregivers concept of

proper responses to pain differs from the

patients.

Because there are so many possibleresponses to pain, it is important to assess

each person individually.