Socio-Economic Assessment of Aerobic Rice & Bt Cotton in Karnataka
Dr. A.V. Manjunatha Assistant Professor, ADRTC, ISEC, Bangalore | 24th August, 2016
Institute for Social and Economic Change
Bangalore
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01 Selected crops & traits, objectives
02 Data and Methodology
04 Conclusions & policy suggestions
Content
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03 Results of Aerobic rice & Bt cotton
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1. Selected Crops & Traits
• Aerobic Rice :=> Drought tolerant Less water requirement (50-60%) Saving of seed (70-80%) & labour Less methane emission
• Bt Cotton :=> Insect resistance Less insecticides usage (40- 50%) Higher yield (25- 40%)
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1. Objectives
To study the socio-economic profile & cropping pattern of aerobic and Bt cotton farmers;
To estimate the cost of cultivation of aerobic vis a vis conventional rice, and Bt cotton
To analyse input management with special focus on trait related information (drought tolerant & insect resistance);
To study the perception about GM crops from farmers, scientists, Input dealers and cotton traders
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2. Data & Methodology
AEROBIC RICE •Data was collected in Mandya district (2 taluks) for aerobic rice because of following reasons:
• Highest area under aerobic rice as compared to other districts
• High rice productivity district (3120kg/hectare)
• 50 aerobic paddy farmers (32 farmers grow conventionally along with aerobic paddy cultivation)
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2. Data & Methodology
Bt COTTON •Data was collected in Haveri district (7 taluks) of Karnataka:
• Major cotton growing area, ranks first in terms of area & production
• 100 Bt cotton farmers
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2. Data & Methodology
• Descriptive Analysis • Economics of Costs & Returns • Ranking techniques
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3. Results of Aerobic Rice
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3. Socio-economic profile of Aerobic rice farmers
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Sl.No Particulars units Average
1 Age No. Of years 44
2 Family size No. Per HH 5
3 Education No of years 7
4 Gender % to total sample (male)
100
5 Experience -Cultivation of Conventional crop -Cultivation of Aerobic rice
No of years
18.56 2.06
6. Operational Land (irrigated) Acres 2.56
3. Classification of Aerobic farmers by operational land
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Note: Marginal (0.1 to 2.5 acres); Small (2.5 to 5.0 acres); Medium (5.1 to 10.0 acres); Large (Above 10 acres)
% of aerobic farmers to the total Average operational land
3. Cropping pattern & net income of aerobic farmers
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Total Area:169.90 acres
% of area under different crops % of net income from different crops
Total Income:Rs.19.51 lakhs
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3. Cost of cultivation of aerobic vs conventional rice
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KHARIF Aerobic Conventional
Particulars Qty per acre Cost per acre Qty per acre Cost per acre
Hired labour (mandays) 30.44 5055 31.2 5068 Family labour (mandays) 15.62 3397 14.19 3196 Bullock power (Rs.) 0 249 0 135 Machine power (Rs.) 0 3650 0 3333 Seeds (kgs) 11.26 668 20.65 593 FYM/Organic /biofertilizers (kgs) 2504 1719 1240 785 Chemical Fertilizers (Kgs) 195 2610 190 2453
Micro nutrients(kgs) 5 142 2 44 Plant protection(kg/lit) - 825 - 745 Irrigation charge(Rs) 16 200 32 200 Post harvesting(Rs) 0 0 0 0 Total cost(Rs) 18515 16552 Yield of main product (qtl) 21.39 25856 20.4 24462 By product(qtl) 12.6 1311 10.45 1163
Gross income by sale of main and By-product(Rs) 27167 25625
Net profit per acre(Rs) 8652 9073
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3. Details of per acre net income from aerobic rice & conventional rice (Rs.)
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Sn.
Year
KHARIF RABI No. HH as
a % to total
sample size
Area in acres
Production in Qtls
Yield Per acre in qtls
No. Of HH as a % to total sample size
Area in acres
Production in Qtls
Yield Per acre in qtls
1 2012-13 42.00 23.38 513 21.95 16.00 10.00 228 22.80
2 2013-14 64.00 38.90 844 21.70 26.00 17.65 382 21.64
3 2014-15 74.00 44.38 949 21.39 24.00 12.85 264 20.54
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3. Area, production and yield of aerobic rice for the last 3 years
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3a. Water use in aerobic rice & conventional rice cultivation (KHARIF)
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3b. Water use in aerobic rice & conventional rice cultivation(RABI)
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3. Selected Results of Bt Cotton
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3. Socio-economic profile of Bt cotton farmers
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Sl.No Particulars units Average
1 Age No. of years 45
2 Family size No. Per HH 6
3 Education No of years 8
4 Gender % to total sample Male Female
99 1
5 Experience -Cultivation of Conventional crop -Cultivation of Bt cotton
No of years
16.85 6.42
6. Operational Land (Irrigated: 2.14) Acres 8.82
3. Classification of Bt cotton farmers by operational land
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Marginal (0.1 to 2.5 acres); Small (2.5 to 5.0 acres); Medium (5.1 to 10.0 acres); Large (Above 10 acres)
% of Bt cotton farmers to the total Average operational land
3. Cropping pattern & net income of Bt cotton farmers
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Total Area: 1240.20 acres
% of area under different crops % of net income from different crops
Total net Income: Rs. 2.35 Crores
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3. Cost of cultivation of Bt cotton
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Particulars Qty per acre Cost per acre
Hired labour 32.34 6355
Family labour 6.7 1432
Bullocks - 1013
Machine - 1987
Seed/Seedlings (kgs) 0.83 1636
FYM/Organic /biofertilizers (kgs) 1512 2111
Chemical Fertilizers (Kgs) 184 3365
Micro nutrients(kgs) 3 155
PPC - 1560
Irrigation charge( acre inches) 4.24 1224
Post harvesting (Rs) - 175
Total cost(Rs) - 21013
Yield of main product and value 8.75 37822
Net profit per acre(Rs) 16809
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3. Area, production and yield of Bt Cotton for the last 3 years
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Kharif
Year No. HH as a % to total sample size
Area in acres Yield Per acre in Qtls
2012-13 97.00 416.54 9.50
2013-14 93.00 409.00 9.53
2014-15 100.00 465.40 8.75
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3. Incidence of deficiency, disorder & diseases in Bt cotton
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Sl.No. Particulars No. of cases reported (as %
to total sample)
Seasonality Severity of incidence Every
season Every year Low Medium High
Deficiency and disorder
1 Magnesium 59 56 3 3 14 42
2 Nitrogen 4 4 0 2 2 0
3 Physiological disorder
1 0 1 0 1 0
Diseases 1 Leaf curling 21 21 0 12 8 1 2 Leaf spot 5 4 1 1 2 2 3 Cotton rust 1 1 0 1 0 0
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3. Incidence of Pest (Reported by more than 50% sample)
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Sl.No. Name of Pest No. of cases reported (as %
to total sample)
Seasonality Severity of incidence
Every season
Every year Low Medium High
1 Aphids 57 57 0 17 9 31
2 Whitefly 67 67 0 14 38 15
3 Stem borer 55 48 7 6 35 14
4 Thrips 68 68 0 43 17 8
5 Jassids 52 52 0 30 12 10
Almost all the farmers reported that incidence is at any stage Majority reported that loss due to these pest is less than 5 %
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3. Per cent of Bt farmers using PPC
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50 48
35
25
19
14 14
3 2 1 1 1
% o
f far
mer
s to
tota
l sam
ple
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3. Per acre expenditure towards PPC
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 750 716
577
472
397
295 289 275 253 250
130 Per a
cre
expe
nditu
re in
Rs
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3. Opinions of academicians, input dealers and traders about GM crops (Nos)
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S.N. Type of respondents Sample size
Knowledge about
GM crop
Profitability
Higher input requirement
Harmful effects on human beings
1 Academicians 20 20 20 7 2
2 Input dealers 20 20 15 16 2
3 Cotton Traders 20 20 16 14 4
Total 60 60
(100) 51
(85%) 37
(62%) 8
(13%)
4. Conclusions & Policy suggestions
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4. Conclusions & policy suggestions
• Age & education are not a limiting factor to accept and cultivate aerobic rice & Bt cotton. However, size of the operational holding mattered.
• The drought tolerant trait was amply visible through water saving in case of aerobic rice & reduced use of insecticides in case of Bt cotton.
• Dissemination of proper and authentic knowledge about GM crops through training and demonstration would go a long way in convincing farming community to cultivate GM crops in lieu of conventional crops.
• It is extremely essential that the GM crops in agriculture is offered to farmers as a package. The package may be on similar lines of SRI method.
• Concurrent assessment of the implemented package for GM crop is also essential.
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Thank You
Institute for Social and Economic Change Nagarabhavi P.O. , Bangalore 560 072
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