SOCIOLOGY 3 Lecture Compatible

8/3/2019 SOCIOLOGY 3 Lecture Compatible

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SOCIOLOGY 3

Socio Cultural Dimension

Prof. Ma Corazon T. UnasInstitute of Religion


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Man tends to ask the whys of things as he grows olderwhy do we study?

why is it difficult to be good?

why do we need to listen to others?

Many will give answers but all of them boils down to onesource and goal all are directly or indirectly related to theHUMAN PERSON-

the center of all.

But MAN is a paradox- hard to understand, each individual

is a complex being with different traits, yet whole.The need to study man is basic.


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There are characteristics which all human personspossess and exhibit:

I. Relation to oneself

a. embodied spirit- body and soul- of all Godscreated beings, we are the only one who havethe spiritual power to reason and freely actaccording to our own will.

Human persons are both limited at the same timetranscendent. We have the capacity to go beyondany particular limitation.


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b. unique- being self-transcending, we areunique, original. We keep changing by constantquestioning and choosing freely for ourselves.

c. oriented to goodness- it is our naturaltendency to seek the good. We avoid anythingwhich will harm us and pursue things weperceive us good. Our natural gifts- intellectand will are to be used in order for us to relateto others, to be fulfilled in life and to come tofull life with others.


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d. ambivalence- although we are born with

dignity and gifts to do good, we are inclined

also to do evil. Accdg to St Paul, this is due to

the disorder of our own appetite which leadsus to sin. We have to look for guidance, and

sound education to know the real truth.

e. conscience- the voice of God in us, tellingus do good and avoid evil


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II. Relation to othersNo man is an island. Every person is

oriented to other people.

Facts: Our parents were responsible for ourbeing here.

Our natural faculties to communicatewith others.

The fear of being alone.We are like gems that shine more in the

company of others.


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Relation to society- we are created to live in a society, torelate with social groups, structures and institutions whichare built by the interactions and relationships of humanpersons.

Society- is a group of persons united for the promotion of a

common goal thru common means under a commonauthority.

4 essential elements of a society

1. members

2. common purpose

3. thru organized/ united effort

4. authority that governs it, and coordinates all its

activities


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Relation of the individual with the societySociety is a product of human decisions and activities.All human activities combined make up a system orCULTURE in a society.

We are all partly a product of one society. As we affect

society, society affects us too.IV. Relation to material things

Our environment makes it possible for us to have amaterial relationship.

a. work- where we show our capacities- naturalfaculties, talents, energy, drives, and desires. Thruwork, we exercise our power to make use of the richesof the world and avail of its fruits.


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b. stewardship- the human obligation to exerciseresponsibility over the riches of the earth so that they willused and developed for the benefit of all.

Relation with God

Man as he seeks for truth and happiness will eventually

find out that he did not create himself- GOD did.Doctrine:

1. man is the highest of Gods creatures.

2. man was created in the image and likeness of God.

3. man is special because of his inviolable dignity

4. this dignity is rooted from mans origin, meaning anddestiny.


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The Social Mission of the ChurchChristianity teaches a life of brotherhood andlove for the poor.

The commitment of the Church to social issues

started during the time of Pope Leo XIII

and reached its high during Vatican 2.

The approach is no longer that of individualistic

but a communitarian morality and is now incontinuous dialogue with those involved in thedevelopment of modern society.


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The Mission of the Church TodayThe core of the Churchs social mission is to save manin his totality- which includes both socio-political andmystical dimensions of mans life.

The Church views the problems affecting the world asboth structural and moral.

The structural aspects are concerned with theoppressive social structures like poverty, graft andcorruption, etc.

The moral aspect refers to the adherence to unjustconcepts and principles like social injustice,poverty,yellow journalism, graft and corruption etc.


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Response of the Phil Catholic Church

The Phil Church adopts the stance of constructive criticalcollaboration with civil authorities.

The Church desires to work for cultural change.

The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Phil (CBCP) proposed 5 areasof conversion among Filipinos:

1. commitment to the common good above

personal and family interest

2. commitment to honesty and integrity in public service.

3. understanding of the destination of the goods of the earth forall.

4. conversion from the consumerist mentality5. profound understanding of the value of human work.


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Catholic Social ThoughtSocial doctrines describes the role that the Churchtakes in finding solutions to the problems created bychanges in the world. It is the religious and moralteachings of the Church and is bases on the following:

1. biblical insights

2. tradition of the Fathers of the Church

3. scholastic philosophy

4. theological reflections5. contemporary experiences of the faithful


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Sources of Catholic Social Thought1. natural law- comprises all moral principles thatcan be known thru reason

2. revelation- includes both the Scriptures andtraditions.

a. Old Testament- from the prophets we see thestrong demands for justice and righteousness

b. New Testament- teachings can be inferred fromChrists own examples and words and from theapostolic epistles.


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Overview of the Social Encyclicals1. Rerum Novarum (On the Condition of

Labor) 1891

Pope Leo XIII wrote this encyclicalIt is the first comprehensive document of

social justice especially on the subject of

workers rights. It is considered the MagnaCarta of the Churchs Social Doctine.


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2. Quadragessimo Anno- (The Reconstructionof Social Order) 1931

Pope Pius XI wrote this on the 40th

anniversary of Rerum.

He introduced here the concept ofsubsidiarity saying that social problemsshould be resolved on more local levels first.

Furthermore, this encyclical dealt on socialresponsibility of ownership, and unitybetween capital and labor.


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3. Mater et Magistra (On Christianity and

Social Progress) 1961

Pope John XXIII issued this encyclical to

commemorate the 70th anniversary of Rerum.He confirms the teachings on the value of

private initiative, just wages, social function of

private property and addresses for the firsttime the plight of non industrialized nations


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4. Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth) 1963

Pope John XXIII issued this encyclical during

the course of Vatican 2 and shortly after theCuban missile crisis.

It was the first encyclical which addresses

Catholics as well as non Catholics.

It is the first encyclical ever to treat human

rights in detail.


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5. Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution ofthe Church in the Modern World, Vatican2)1965

This is the stand of the majority of the worlds

bishops during Vatican 2. It deals on the dutiesof the people of God to scrutinize the signs ofthe times in the light of the Gospel.

It links the political issue of peace to theinternational economic order and humandevelopment.


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6. Populorum Progressio (On Delopment of

Peoples) 1967

Issued during the time of Pope Paul VI.

The first encyclical that dealt on the social

problems and international development.

Furthermore, it advocates economic planning

and aid to promote development.


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Octogesima Adveniens (A Call to Action) 1971

Issued during the time of Pope Paul VI as a

commemoration of the 80th

anniversary of thepublication of the Rerum.

It emphasizes the role of the individual

Christians and local Churches in responding to

situations of injustices.

It also dealt on the problems of urbanization.


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8. Justice in the World (1971)

Statement of the Synod of Bishops

It explains the fundamental relationshipbetween Christian faith and action for justice.

It teaches that gospel principles mandating

justice for the liberation of all humanity as anexpression of Christian love.


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9. Evangelii Nuntiandi (Evangelization in the

Modern World) 1975. Pope Paul VI

Issued during the commemoration of the 10th

anniversary of the closing of Vatican 2.

It contains the Popes reflections on the

Churchs mission to proclaim the Gospel to the

world which is hostile to the love of God.


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10. Laborem Exercens (On Human Work) 1981

Commemorates the 90th anniversary of pope

Leo XIIIs Condition of Labor.It deals on the concept of work, its dignity,

and spirituality, the priority of labor over

capital, rights of workers and unions and

finally, the development and refinement of

the teachings on property.


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11. Solicitudo Rei Socialis (Concern for Social

Realities) Pope John Paul II, 1987

Came on the 20th

anniversary of PopulorumProgressio.

Has an incisive critique on the new form of

colonization.

Cited the signs of underdevelopment caused

by East and West conflict.


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12. Centesimus Annus (Hundredth

Anniversary of Rerum Novarum) John Paul II,

1991

Clearly denounces the attitude of complete

reliance on the remedies proposed by

Socialism or Capitalism.

It also condemns consumerism because of the

harm it does on the environment.


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Phil Church Social Teaching

Comes from the following:

1. Plenary Council

2. Pastoral Letters of the CBCP3. Catechism for Filipino Catholics(CFC)

Focus: 1. widening gap between rich and poor

2. unemployment

3. malnutrition and hunger4. human rights violations

5. threats of war and violence


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Major themes from Catholic Social Teachings1. dignity of the human person- all people aresacred, made in the image and likeness of God.

2. community and the common good- our dignity

and rights in relationship with others.3. rights and responsibilities- we have ourfundamental rights and correspondingresponsibilities to perform.

4. option for the poor- the moral test of a societyis how it treats the most vulnerable members ofit.


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5. dignity of work-people have a right to adecent and productive work, fair wages,private property and economic initiative.

6. solidarity-we are one human family.

7. stewardship of creation- all created thingswould be shared fairly by all people

8. principle of subsidiarity- freedom andlimitations must be adopted to determinefield of action proper to individuals.


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Human Rights and JusticeHuman dignity is inherent in human nature. Weare all born with it and can not be removed orseparated from it. It is equivalent to human

existence and does not depend on others toacknowledge it, rather it demands suchrecognition and acknowledgment.

From human dignity flows human rights/duties.

The protection of human rights ensure theprotection and preservation of human dignity.


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Rights- titles or claims to certain material orspiritual goods- in themselves or the title toaccess to such goods- and should beacknowledged and respected in return.

a. Natural rights- all persons have thesebecause we are all human beings, comingdirectly from our own human nature,manifested in the natural law.

b. civil rights- rights given to citizens of thestate in its effort to protect uphold humandignity.


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It is the basic gift of God to man.-created man in His image

-further dignified human life by sending His Son

-respect/ reverence for human life is a sore humanand Christian virtue.

2. Right to ones person- right of a person over his ownbody/ all bodily faculties and energies to carry outtheir essential ends.

E.g. self-defense

right to free movementright to the inviolability of ones home which

serves as an extension of oneself


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3. Right to property- right to the exclusivecontrol over ones possession. Control meansthe right to acquire, use, consume anddispose of ones property within the bounds

of law. This right is not absolute but subject toother rights.

4. Right to livelihood- way to acquire thenecessities of life/ access to the common

good.Violations: unemployment

unjust wages


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5. Right to ones way of life- right to chooseones occupation or career. In connection withthis right, the State must provide:

1. proportionately, equal opportunities to

education

2. a properly functioning labor market

3. a just and fair economic competition

4. a peaceful environment6. Right to conscience- to act accdg to onesmoral values


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Natural human rights- they are the fundamentalrights of all persons because they are humanbeings. They are meant to be protected anddefended by the people and the state.

Basic Human Rights ( UN 14 human rights)

1. right to life- the most fundamental of all.

It is when a person is alive that he can fulfill hisother rights and accomplish his mission in life.-preservation of life

-right to basic necessities in life

-resist unjust aggression or anything that directlyor indirectly puts life in danger.

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SOCIOLOGY 3 Lecture Compatible

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