1. 11 Formal Education in Colonial Africa History of Ghanaian
Education Forms of Education Structure of the Ghanaian Educational
System Equality of Opportunity in Ghanaian Education Higher
Education
2. Formal Education in Colonial Africa Presented by Kannitha2
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Europeans conquered most of
Africa. Formal education in colonial Africa was established and
controlled by European colonists. Many Europeans want to limit
African education to technical, vocational, and agriculture skills.
With independence, African countries have had to struggle with what
type of education is best for their varied culture.
3. Presented by Kannitha3 Background of Ghana The first black
African nation to gain its independence from colonial rule. Ghana
is one of the leading exporters of cocoa in the world.
4. 4 President: John Dramani Mahama (2012) Land area: 88,811 sq
mi (230,020 sq km); total area: 92,456 sq mi (239,460 sq km)
Population (2014 est.): 25,758,108 (growth rate: 2.19%); birth
rate: 31.4/1000; infant mortality rate: 38.52/1000; life
expectancy: 65.75 Capital and largest city (2011 est.): Accra,
2.573 million Other large cities: Kumasi, 2.019 million (2011)
Monetary unit: Cedi
5. 15 The Portuguese, the Dutch, the Danes, and then the
British ruled the Gold Coast, as Ghana was called.
6. History of Ghanaian Education(Cont) 16 Since the
independence in 1957, Education in Ghana has known several major
reforms: in 1961, the Education Act introduced the principle of a
free and compulsory primary education. In 1961-1966 there was a
period of rapid expansion of education at all level in Ghana.
7. Forms of Education 17 Education existed in Ghana and other
African nations long before modern boundaries and Europe systems
were introduced. Formal schooling is still primarily for the urban
elite. Non-formal education and basic education have received the
attention of many African educators. Neither puts age or time
strictures on education, both provide many varied paths to
education, individual attainment of goals, and lifelong
learning.
8. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 18 Children in
Ghana enter school at age six. Ghana operates on a 6-3-4-4 System
Primary School - 6 years Junior Secondary/High School - 3 years
Senior Secondary School - 3 years (Senior High School entrants
2007- 2009 4 years) University Bachelor's Degree - 4 years
9. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 19 The subjects
taught in secondary schools generally follow the British. The sole
official language of instruction throughout the Ghanaian
educational system is English. The Ghanaian education system is
divided in three parts: "Basic Education", secondary cycle and
tertiary Education. "Basic Education" lasts 11 years(Age 4-15), is
free and compulsory.
10. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 110 Core
curriculum for Public School students consisting of English
Language, Integrated Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies.
Ghanaian university admission is highly competitive, especially in
fields such as medicine, engineering, law, business and pharmacy.
In an effort to attract international enrollment, all Ghanaian
universities operate on a modular, semester system.
11. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 111 Primary
Education For the first three years, teaching may be entirely in
English or may integrate English and local languages. Middle
Education Subjects forming their curriculum include a Ghanaian
language, basic designing and technology, English, French,
information technology, integrated science, maths, social studies
and moral education.
12. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 112 Secondary
Education The compulsory 3 year program includes English, maths,
science, social studies, religious education, and physical
education. Vocational and Technical Education Recent changes to
vocational training programs are designed to ensure that from age
16 onwards students are given opportunities to train in various
professions.
13. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 113 Since
2008, enrollment has continually increased at all level of
education. x KG Prim. JHS SHS TVET Enrollment 1,604,505 4,105,913
1,452,585 842,587 61,496 GER 113.8 105.0 82.2 36.8 2.7 Enrollment
and GER in pre-tertiary(2012/2013) KG Prim. JHS SHS TVET Public
13,305 14,112 8,818 535 107 Private 5,972 5,742 3,618 293 74 Total
19,277 19,854 12,436 828 181 Number of Structures in
pre-tertiary(2012/2013)
14. Structure of the Ghanaian Educational System 114 Tertiary
Education Post-secondary education in Ghana commonly takes 4 years
to complete. In 1987, Ghana's Ministry of Education introduced a
restructured educational system that gradually replaced the
British-based O- level and A-level system. In 2011/2012, tertiary
education gathers 261,962 students:202,063 in the public sector and
59,899 in the private sector, divided in 142 tertiary
institutions.
15. Equality of Opportunity in Ghanaian Education 15 Report on
Ghanaweb 5/7/11, 23.3% of children engaged in the hazardous
activities in various sectors. Sons and daughters of the urban
elites have a disproportionate share the places in education as one
progresses upward through the system, this includes places as
teachers. Differences in opportunity for education between the
elite and the masses, however, persist in most African
countries.
16. Equality of Opportunity in Ghanaian Education 16 Presented
by Kannitha Parents in Ghana are unable to sue the Government to
challenge under the tree form of education. It appears the practice
has been endorsed by our educational system anyway. During the
heavy raining season these children miss school and school absence
becomes the norm.
17. Equality of Opportunity in Ghanaian Education 17 Presented
by Kannitha 54 years of so-called independence and still a report
from Ghana's Education Minister revealed that over 5000 schools are
under the tree learning. Since children have retentive memory it is
vital that their formative years are carefully nurtured so that
they grow up to be responsible citizens. No poor parents should
have to tolerate any more of under the tree education by 2012.
18. Higher Education 118 Africa has many fine universities,
some of which have difficulty integrating their programs into life
on the continent. The adult literacy rate in Ghana was 71.5% in
2010, with males at 78.3% and females at 65.3%. Universities(6
public and 49 private institutions) offer an academic education,
from bachelor to Phd. Polytechnics (10 institutions) offer a
vocational education. They usually propose a 3-year curriculum,
leading to a Higher National
19. Summary FECA History of Ghanaian Education Forms of
Education Structure of the Ghanaian Education al System Equality of
Opportunity in Ghanaian Education Higher Education Formal Education
in Colonial Africa
