SOILSOIL DEGREADATION DEGREADATION CONGERVATIONCONGERVATION

S.St.-Powerpoint presentation By-M.S.Solanki JNV- Nowgong ChhatarpurGeographyLesson-02

The thin layer of grainy substance The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to is called soil. It is closely linked to land.land.

The thin layer of grainy substance The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to is called soil. It is closely linked to land.land.

SOIL

Soil erosion and depletion are Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soilthe major threats to soilas a resource. Both human as a resource. Both human and natural factors canand natural factors canlead to degradation of soilslead to degradation of soils

Soil erosion and depletion are Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soilthe major threats to soilas a resource. Both human as a resource. Both human and natural factors canand natural factors canlead to degradation of soilslead to degradation of soils

SOIL EROSION AND SOIL EROSION AND DEGREDATIONDEGREDATION

Erosion Erosion - Wearing away and - Wearing away and transportation of soil by wind, transportation of soil by wind, water, or ice.water, or ice. Worldwide removes 25.4 Billion Worldwide removes 25.4 Billion

tons/yr.tons/yr. Made worse by deforestation and Made worse by deforestation and

desertification.desertification. Poor agricultural practices increase Poor agricultural practices increase

erosion and lead to the transport of erosion and lead to the transport of associated fertilizers and associated fertilizers and pesticides.pesticides.

THINK ABOUT ITS REASONTHINK ABOUT ITS REASON

1.1. DeforestationDeforestation2.2. OvergrazingOvergrazing3.3. Overuse of fertilisers and Overuse of fertilisers and

pestisidespestisides4.4. Landslides FloodesLandslides Floodes5.5. RainwashRainwash

• How can we stop it.How can we stop it.

Now you have a task of 5 minits divide into 4 groups and find out some methods and measures for soil conservation.

ACTIVITY

Soil Conservation Practices•When topsoil is lost, fertility is

reduced or destroyed, thus fertilizers must be used to restore fertility.– Raises food costs, and increases

sediment loads in waterways.– Over 20% of US land is suitable for

agriculture, but only 2% does not require some form of soil conservation practice.

Soil conservationSoil conservation

Let us discusLet us discus

1.Trrace forming

These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops.They can reduce surface run-off and soil errosion.

Soil conservationSoil conservation

FLOW OF WATER SLOW DOWN BECAUSE OF THESE STEPS

2.Rock Dam2.Rock DamRocks are pilled up to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.

Contour Farming - Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land. Each ridge acts as a small dam.

Contour PloughingContour PloughingContour barriers Contour barriers :Stones, grass, soil :Stones, grass, soil

are used to build barriers along are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect the front of the barriers to collect the water.water.

CONTOUR PLUGHINGCONTOUR PLUGHING

MMulching ulching ::The bare ground between The bare ground between

plants is covered with a layer plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.helps to retain soil moisture.

Intercropping Intercropping ::Different crops are grown in Different crops are grown in

alternate rows and are sown alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.the soil from rain wash.

Contour PloughingContour Ploughing

Ploughing parallel to the contours Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down barrier for water to flow down the slope the slope

Shelter belts Shelter belts ::

In the coastal and dry regions, rows of In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover movement to protect soil cover

HEAVY WINDS WITH SHELTER HEAVY WINDS WITH SHELTER BELTSBELTS

SHELTER BELTS TO BREAK THE SPEED OF HEAVY WINDS

Activity Activity

In India soils could be alluvial, In India soils could be alluvial, black, red, laterite, desertic black, red, laterite, desertic and mountain soil. Collect a and mountain soil. Collect a handful of different types of handful of different types of soil and observe how they are soil and observe how they are different?different?

EXERCISEEXERCISE

1.1. Which one of the following methods Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to checksoil is most appropriate to checksoil erosion on steep slopes? erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace mulching (c) terrace cultivationcultivation

2.2. What can we do to stop soil What can we do to stop soil degradation.?degradation.?

3.3. What is trrace forming.?What is trrace forming.?

THE ENDTHE END

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