Soil Dynamical Laboratory - TU Berlin€¦ · longitudinal wave velocity, anisotropic consolidation...

Secr. TIB1-B7 | Tel. 030 314 72341 | Fax. 030 314 72343 | http://www.grundbau.tu-berlin.de

Soil Dynamical Laboratory

Test apparatus for resonant column tests.

Technical Specifi cation

Results

Resonant Column Apparatus

Specimen dimension: D=50mm, H=100mmSetup: fi xed-freeVertical load range: max. 5kNCell pressure: max. 1.700kPaSpecimen conditions: dry / saturated

Test type: resonant column test, monotonic triaxial test, torsional shear test

Special feature: bender elements for application and measurement of shear and longitudinal wave velocity, anisotropic consolidation temperature control: -20 / +40°C

Shear modulus for different isotropic con-solidation stresses on medium sand with a relative density of 72%

Faculty Planning Building EnvironmentDepartment of Civil EngineeringChair of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

60

80

100

120

140

al S

train

a

(%)

Mod

ulus

G (M

N/m

²)

0

20

40

1,0E-06 1,0E-05 1,0E-04 1,0E-03

Axi

She

ar M

Shear Strain Amplitude (-)

50 kN/m²

100 kN/m²

150 kN/m²

Axial Strain / 150 kN/m²

pressure regulator

1

27

89

4

5

6

10

11

14

9

13

1215

16

17

18

3

1 : hanging loop2 : acceleration transducer3 : coils 4 : height adjustment5 : chamber6 : threaded rod7 : LVDT (displacement transducer)8 : top plate9 : rough filter stone10 : rubber membrane11 : soil specimen DxH: 5x10cm12 : eddy current transducer13 : o-rings14 : pedastal15 : counter weight / acceleration transducer16 : permanent magnet17 : support for drive system18 : pressure transducer

13



Test apparatus for cyclic triaxial tests.


Results

Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus

Specimen dimension: D=36/50/70/100mm, H=72/100/140/200mmVertical load range: max. 10kNDisplacement range: max. 100mm (vert.)Cell pressure: max. 2.000kPaDynamic cell pressure: max. 1.000kPaPore Pressure: max. 2.000kPa

Test frequency: max. 2Hz (vertical) max. 5Hz (cell pressure) Type of signal: sinus, triangle, rectangle, arbitraryType of test: strain/load/stress control, drained and undrained, compression and extensionSpecial feature: local strain measurement

Stress controlled drained cyclic triaxial test on sand with a vertical stress amplitude (3=const.).


120140160180200220240260280

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40

q = σ 1

- σ 3

(kP

a)

Axial Strain εa (%)

0,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,50

0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000Cycles N

Axi

al S

train

εa

(%)



Test apparatus for cyclic simple shear tests.


Results

Cyclic Simple Shear Apparatus

Specimen dimension: D=50/70/90mm H=variabelHoizontal load range: max. 5kNVertical load range: max. 5 kNDisplacement range:- vertical: +/- 2,5mm (+/- 50mm setting)- horizontal: +/- 10mm

Test frequency: max. 5Hz (hor./vert.)Signal type: sinus, triangle, rectangle, arbitraryType of test: strain/load control, constant normal load (CNL), constant volume (CV), constant normal stiffness (CNS)Special feature: local strain measurement

Strain controlled cyclic simple shear test on sand under constant normal load (CNL).

vertical stress / strain

shear stress /strain


She

ar S

tress

τ (

kPa)

Shear Strain γ (%)-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

-0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6

0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,00

0 50 100 150 200 250 300Cycles N

Axi

al S

train

εa

(%)


Soil Mechanical Laboratory

Equipment for monotonic triaxial tests.


Results

Triaxial Test Station

Specimen dimension: D=36/50/70/100mm, H=72/100/140/100mm Vertical load: max. 20kNDisplacement range: max. 25mmCell pressure: max. 950kPaPore pressure: max. 950kPaShear rate: variabel

Test type: strain and load controlled, drained and undrained

Special features: submersible load cells

Strain controlled isotropic consolidated drained triaxial test series (TX-CD) on chalk.


900TX04 200 kPa

700

800 TX05 400 kPa

TX06 600 kPa

500

600

)/2 (

kPa)

300

400

(1-

3)

100

200

0

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Axial Strain a [%]

y = 0,5444x + 20,133900

700

800

500

600

(kPa

)

300

400

(1-

3)/2

100

200 TX04 200 kPa

TX05 400 kPa

0

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

TX06 600 kPa

( 1'+ 3')/2 (kPa)



Equipment for direct shear tests.


Results

Direct Shear Test Station

Specimen dimension: L=B=60mm H=20mm Vertical stress: max. 1.250kN/m²Displacement range: max. 12mm (hor.)Shear rate: variabel

Test type: strain control drained and undrained

Strain controlled consolidated drained direct shear test on till.


250

200

/m²]

150

ress

[kN

/

100

She

ar S

tr

50

S

measured valuesfitting curve

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

fitting curve

Normal Stress [kN/m²]

50

100

150

200

250

Shea

r Stre

ss [

kN/m

²]

load step 1load step 2

00 2 4 6 8 10

Shear Displacement [mm]

load step 2load step 3



Equipment for consolidation tests with a Rowe & Barden Cell.


Operating Principle

Consolidation Testing System (Rowe and Barden Type)

Specimen dimension: D=100mm H=30mm Vertical pressure range: max. 1.000kPaPore pressure range: max. 1.000kPaDisplacement range: +/- 12,5mm (vert.)

Special features: back pressure, Measurement: - pore pressure - volume change, vertical load application via rigid and fl exible disks, saturation check (B-value), hydraulic gradientTest type: CRL, CRS


vertical stress

pressure chamber

drainage

soil specimen

filter stone

displacement transducer

de-airing

back pressure / drainage

filter stone / membrane

pore pressure transducer



Test apparatus for consolidation testing.


Results

Consolidation Testing by Oedometer

Specimen dimension: D=71,4mm H=20mm Vertical Stress: max. 1.250kPaNumber of test stations: 18 units

Test type: load control arbitrary load increments fi xed and fl oating ringData aquisition: digitalResolution of measured values: 0,001mm

Incremental consolidation by Oedometer with 10 load steps including un- and reloading on till.


0,00

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,0 0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0 1000,0 10000,0 100000,0

al S

train

[1]

Time [min]

0,04

0,05

0,06

Axi

LS1 25 [kPa]

LS2 50 [kPa]

LS3 75 [kPa]

LS4 150 [kPa]

LS5 300 [kPa]

LS10 600 [kPa]

0 001 10 100 1000

Vertical Stress [kPa]

0,00

0,01,

0,02[1]

0,03

ial S

train

0,04

Ax

0,05

0,06



Test apparatus for unconfi ned compression test.


Results

Test Apparatus for Unconfi ned Compression Test

Specimen dimension: H=max. 225mm D= less than 1/2 HVertical load range: max. 300kNDisplacement range: max. 100mm (vert.)Compression rate: variabel

Test type: strain and load controlled

Strain controlled unconfi ned compression test on chalk.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6

Ver

tikal

span

nung

(kP

a)

Axiale Dehnung (%)

Chalk specimen after un-confi ned compression.



Classifi cation of Soils

Laboratory for Index Tests

Laboratory for Compaction and Permeability Tests

TestsDetermination of lime contentDetermination of grain size distributionDetermination of ignition lossDetermination of density of solid particlesDetermination of minimum and maximum dry densities of non-cohesive soilDetermination of liquid and plastic limits of soilDetermination of water absorption after Enslin und NeffDetermination of soil density, void ratio and water contentDetermination of the coeffi cient of water permeabilityDetermination of dry density/moisture content relationship (Proctor test)Determination of undrained shear strength with miniature laboratory vane, fall cone device etc.



Analytical Laboratory, Slurry Testing

Rotational Viscometer RheoStress 600

Testing of Filter Trench Slurry

Torque range: 0,0005 – 200mNmNumber of revolution CS: 10-7 – 1500min-1 Number of revolution CR: 0,0001 – 1500 min-1 Operating test frequency: 0,0001 – 100HzMultiwave: 0,01 – 20HzAngular resolution: 12 nano radBearing: air bearingMotor: controlled motor with low infl uence of inertia

Technical Specifi cationThermostatTemperature range: -28 ... 150°CCooling capacity by 20°C: 300 W by 0°C: 200 W by -20°C: 70 WTemperature constancy: ± 0,01K

Testing of the characteristics of a beto-nite slurry with fi lter press, Marsh funnel, ball harp and pendelum device.



Geotechnical Experimental Pit


Results

Experimental pit with water fi lling techniqueSeparable in max. 6 segments.Dimensions:Length: 7,0mWidth: 5,0mDepth: 3,7m

Hydraulic CylindersFour hydraulic cylinders:Nominal load: +/- 16 / 63 / 250 / 1.000kNDisplacement range: +/- 125mmOperating frequency: 0 - 2 HzSignal type: sinus, triangle, rectangle, arbitrary

Experimental pit with load frame, hydr. cylinders and a monopile.

Experimental pit with mobile load frame and fl exible platform.

Horizontal displace-ments of a pile in dense sand

Planned extension: Rotable cylin-der for multi-directional loading of a pile or a shallow foundation.



1g-Model Tests

Model Test Station I: Installation of a Vibro-Injection Pile

Reference:S. A. Savidis, D. Aubram, F. Rackwitz. Vibro-Injection Pile Installation in Sand: Part II--Nu-merical and Experimental Investigation. In Th. Triantyfyllidis (ed.): Holistic Simulation of Geo-technical Installation Processes, pages 103-131, Springer International Publishing, 2015



1g-Model Tests

Model Test Station II: Monotonic Pile Penetration

Reference:D. Aubram. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method for Penetration into Sand at Finite Deformation. Volume 62 of Veröffentlichun-gen des Grundbauinstitutes der Technischen Universität Berlin. Shaker, Aachen, 2013

~1500 mm

display forpenetration force

CCDcamera

load cell

pile guide

servo-motor

screw jack

gear box

model pile

glass panel

pile tip

test chamber

worm drive

press-in jig

pile guide

screwjack

gearbox

servo-motor

load cell

model pile

test chamber

load pad

wormdrive

half-cylindrical modelpile prototype withthree dif

~650 mmferent pile tips



1g-Model Tests

Model Test Station III: Bearing Capacity

Reference:D. Aubram. An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method for Penetration into Sand at Finite Deformation. Volume 62 of Veröffentlichun-gen des Grundbauinstitutes der Technischen Universität Berlin. Shaker, Aachen, 2013

glass panel

modelfoundation

hydraulic cylinder

counter bearing

hand pumpwith gauge

safety hose~1000 mm

displacement sensors andforce transducer not shown

(c) (d)

correlation

(b)

(a)

image series

test patch

search patch

incremental displacement

PIV - Particle Image Velocimetry



1g-Model Tests

Model Test Station IV: Ground Improvement by Sand Columns

Reference:M. Ney. not published.

141

350

Längenangaben in cm

100 100

ba

c d

ba

c d



Field Tests

Plate-Loading Test

Ground Investigation

Undisturbed Sampling



Laboratory for Students / Teaching

Laboratory for Simple Soil Analyses

Seminar Room for Laboratory Classes

Various Demonstration Models



Geotechnical Experimental Area - Peter Behrens Halle

Experimental Area for Geotechnical Testing

Hydraulic Model Test Box and Shaking Table

Impressions of the Long Night of the Sciences


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Soil Dynamical Laboratory - TU Berlin€¦ · longitudinal wave velocity, anisotropic consolidation...

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