Soil of Russia in Global Programs
Vladimir Stolbovoy1
Luca Montanarella1
Freddy Nachtergaele2
1European Soil Bureau, EC Joint Research Center, Ispra;2United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Conference: ““Scientific Session on Fundamental Soil Science” ” Moscow State University, 30 November-2 December, 2004
Outline • Need for Russia to be seen globally.• Soil of Russia in global projects:
– Global (revised FAO);– Intercontinental (Circumpolar Soil
database);– European and Northern Eurasia
(SOVEUR; ESDB).
• Land resources of Russia.• What is next?
IGBP space-derived Land Cover (1Х1km)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Пашня и пастбища Леса Болота Травы и кустарники
106
га
IIASA CD-ROM IGBP
Comparison of areas
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 - .17 .17 - .35 .35 - .52 .52 - .7 > .7
IIASA Global
Comparison of areas
IIASA on ground Land Cover (1X1 km) IIASA on ground NPP
Model-derived Global NPP
Foley et al., 1996
Source: CD-ROM “Land Resources of Russia”, 2002.
Source: CD-ROM “Land Resources of Russia”, 2002.
Cropland&pastures
ForestsWetlandsGrasses and shrubs
a.
b.
c.
d.
Кг углерода м2 в год< 0.1
0.1 – 0.210.21 – 0.280.28 – 0.4
0.4 – 0.610.61 – 0.87
> 0.87Воды
Shortcomings in global estimates
Patterns of warming
Mosaic of changes in temperature and precipitations (source: IPCC, 2001)
Patterns of wetting
Changes have great spatial diversity and do not following climate zones in Russia
Russia representation in global soil collections
Global soil sampling (Batjes et al, 1996)
New EU Soil Database (Stolbovoi et al., 2001)
Underestimate of carbon reserves in soils of Russia
Layer,
cm
Global pool, Pg
(Batjes, 1996)
Portion of Russia
proportional to the country area
Real contribution of Russia
soils
Pg % of global Pg % of global 0-30 724 87.9 12 167.3 23
0-100 1548 185.8 12 297.5 19
Soil carbon pool (based on Stolbovoi, 2002)
IIASAInternational. Inst. for
Applied Systems Analysis
ESBEuropean Soil Bureau
FAOUN Food & Agriculture
Organization
IUSSSInternational. Union of Soils
Science SocietiesISRIC
Internat. Soil Reference Information Center
EURASIAGlobal Land&Environment
Resource AnalysisCustomers: International Agencies and programsProduct: CD-ROM
Circumpolar Soil DatabaseCollaboration: Canada, USA, Northern Europe, and Russia
Applications: Arctic Monitoring, Carbon mitigation strategy in permafrost zone
Soil Vulnerability in Central&Eastern Europe
Collaboration: FAO, Netherlands and Central&East European Countries
Customers: FAO, UNEP, EEA
International Programs
European Soil DatabaseCollaboration: ESB, Belorus, Moldova, Russia, and
Ukraine
Applications: European Crop Growth Monitoring, Carbon sequestration potentials, Land&Environment
analysis
Reproduction of national soil typological units (STU) in International systems
SMR* and NIS**
WRB, 1998 FAO, 1988 FAO, 1974
Number of STU
205*/165** 88 69 75
Percent of Russia STU
100 43*/53** 34*/42** 37*/45**
49% new
39 % same FAO, 1988
12 % renamed
* 1:2.5 M soil
map **1:5 M soil map
1995 FAO produces a CD ROM with a global vector map and derived soil properties with a 5’ x 5’ resolution as raster.
1998 FAO-UNESCO re-issues the digital version with derived soil properties
More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm
World soils
Eurasian soils
More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm
Central and Eastern European soils
More information on this product is available at http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGL/lwdms.htm
Circumpolar soils
Soils of Europe and Northern Asia
More information on this product is available at http://eusoils.jrc.it/
Soil Regions of EuropeR. Hartwich - BGR
Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.
Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.
Source: Stolbovoi, 2001. In CD-Rom “Land Resources of Russia”, Laxenburg, Austria.
Correlation as a tool to transfer soil information
Re-a
ssoci
ati
on
Reclassification
Conversion Conversion
Reclassification
WRB DatabaseST Database
What is next: Soil Atlas of Europe
What is next: EU-SOIL COMMUNICATION 2002 (COM(2002)179)
“Towards a Thematic strategy for Soil Protection”
Definition of:
- 5 Soil Functions
• Food and other biomass production• Storing, filtering and transformation• Habitat and gene pool• Physical and cultural environment for humankind• Source of raw materials
- 8 Main Threats to Soil• Erosion• Decline in organic matter• Soil contamination (local and diffuse)• Soil sealing• Soil compaction• Decline in soil biodiversity• Salinisation• Floods and landslides
Thank you
