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Soil resistance and resilience to compaction.
EMAR.SSSA
DATASET SEPTEMBER 2015
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4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:
Per Schjnning
Aarhus University
162PUBLICATIONS 2,955CITATIONS
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http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Per_Schjonning?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_7http://www.researchgate.net/institution/Aarhus_University?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_6http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Per_Schjonning?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_5http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Per_Schjonning?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_4http://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_1http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281551166_Soil_resistance_and_resilience_to_compaction._EMAR.SSSA?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_3http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281551166_Soil_resistance_and_resilience_to_compaction._EMAR.SSSA?enrichId=rgreq-ed24a504-a258-4d9a-a3bf-f9d6a5d135e0&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTU1MTE2NjtBUzoyNzEwMDIwNDczNDg3MzZAMTQ0MTYyMzMzMTg3Mg%3D%3D&el=1_x_27/23/2019 Soil Resistance and Resilience to Compaction. EMAR.sssa
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Soil resistance and resilience to
compaction as affected by theclay-organic carbon relation
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual MeetingsOct 16-19, 2011 San Antonio, TX
Emmanuel ArthurPer Moldrup
Per Schjnning
Lis W. de Jonge
7/23/2019 Soil Resistance and Resilience to Compaction. EMAR.sssa
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Introduction Anthropogenic stresses imposed on soils challenge their
ability to function
Soil stability is characterized by its resistance and
resilience to imposed stress
Compaction by agricultural machinery increases bulk
density and reduces pore functions
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 2
7/23/2019 Soil Resistance and Resilience to Compaction. EMAR.sssa
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Introduction Soils resistance and resilience to compaction is driven
by several factors (water content, texture, clay type, organic matteretc.)
Hypothesis
The main driver governing resilience in soils is the level
of clay saturation by organic carbon
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 3
7/23/2019 Soil Resistance and Resilience to Compaction. EMAR.sssa
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IntroductionObjective
Assess the role of clay saturation by organic carbon in
soil resilience to compaction using three functional
indicators
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 4
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Methodology Functional indicators:
Void ratio, e
Air permeability, ka
Air filled porosity,
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 5
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Clay (kg kg-1)
0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24
Organiccarbon(kgkg-1)
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024MFC
MCC
CCC
Saturated
Unsaturated
Methodology Soils 3 sandy loams:
~17 % clayDifferent long term management
= different organic carbon contents:
MFC = Mixed forage cropping
MCC = Mixed cash cropping
CCC = Cereal cash cropping
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 6
10g clay 1g OC (Dexter et al., 2008)
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Methodology Compaction test
drained to-100 hPa
(Void ratio, e;
air permeability, kaAir filled porosity, )
Freeze-thaw
cycles [FT]-10C & -100 hPa
Compaction (200kPa)@2mm/min
7 days-100 hPa
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX
Rebound
recovery [RR](ka, , e)
7
Resistance (RST)
ka, , e
Wet-dry
cycles [WD]
saturation & 40C
ka, , e
100 cm3
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Methodology Quantification of resistance and resilience
Compression index, Cc, from Gompertz model
= applied stress
e = void ratio
a, b, c = model parameters
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 8
10exp exp( (log ))e a c b m
exp(1)c
bC
c Low Cc= high resistance to compaction
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Methodology Quantification of resistance and resilience
Compression index, Cc, from Gompertz model
Absolute values (e, ka, )
Indexed values:
Resistance [RST] = Original value Value after compaction
Original value
Resilience [PR] = Original value Recovery value
Original value
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 9
Range : 0 1
0 = maximum resistance/resilience
1 = no resistance/resilience
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Results Functional indicators prior to compaction (-100hPa)
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 10
MFC MCC CCC
Air permeability, ka (m2) 35.7 12.84a 43.7 8.50a 115.7 12.91b
Air-filled porosity, (m3 m-3) 0.10 0.007a 0.16 0.015b 0.21 0.010c
Void ratio, e (m3 m-3) 0.89 0.03a 0.85 0.02a 0.85 0.04a
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Results Compaction resistance (Cc)
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 11
Initial void ratio, e0(m
3m
-3)
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
Compression
Index,
Cc
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
MFC MCC CCC Regression
MFC MCC CCC
Initial void ratio, e0 0.89a 0.85a 0.85a
Compression index, Cc 0.08
a
0.12b
0.15c
Regression slope 0.21a 0.31b 0.31b
Higher clay saturation = higher
compression resistance
Increasing initial void ratio has relatively
less impact on Cc for MFC
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StageRST RR WD FT
R
STandPR(airpermea
bility)
0
10
20
30
40
ns
ns
a ab a
abb
MFC MCC CCC
StageRST RR WD FT
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
ns
a
a
b
a
ab
b
a
ab b
(B)(A)
Results Resistance (RST) and resilience (PR)
Air permeabilityAbsolute values Indexed values
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 12
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Stage
RST RR WD FT
RSTandPR(voidratio)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0 ns
aab
b
aab
b
aab
b
MFC MCC CCC
StageRST RR WD FT
0.00
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
a
b
b
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
ab
b
(B)(A)
Results Resistance (RST) and resilience (PR)
Void ratioAbsolute values Indexed values
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 13
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Stage
RST RR WD FT
RSTandPR(air-filledpo
rosity)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
aba
bns
a
bb
ns
MFC MCC CCC
Stage
RST RR WD FT
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
a
b
b ns
ab
ab
a
ab
b
(B)(A)
Results Resistance (RST) and resilience (PR)
Air-filled porosityAbsolute values Indexed values
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 14
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Results Relation between resistance and resilience (void ratio)
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 15
Resistance Index
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
ResilienceIndex
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
Rebound recoveryWet-dry resilience
Freeze-thaw resilience
Regression line
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Conclusions For differently managed soils, the clay-organic carbon
relation governs structural stability Increased saturation of clay by organic matter:
increased compaction resistance using and e as indicators
reduced the effect of initial void ratio on compressionresistance
Increased soil resilience after natural recovery, wet-dry and
freeze-thaw cycles
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 16
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Acknowledgements Project
Soil Infrastructure, Interfaces, and Translocation Processes in InnerSpace (Soil-it-is)
Funding
Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences
STAiR
ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meetings. Oct 16-19. San Antonio, TX 17