Soil Survey of Ozark County, Missouri - USDA · Soil Survey of Ozark County, Missouri In...

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

NaturalResourcesConservationService

Soil Survey ofOzark County,Missouri

In cooperation withMissouri Department ofNatural Resources;Missouri AgriculturalExperiment Station; UnitedStates Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service;Missouri Department ofConservation; and OzarkCounty Soil and WaterConservation District

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making itsinformation accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencingaccessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at [email protected]. For assistancewith publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you mayalso wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office andphone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement

http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/appmailto:[email protected]

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils calledgeneral soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in thearea on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description ofthe soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use andmanagement of small areas.

To find information about your areaof interest, locate that area on theIndex to Map Sheets. Note thenumber of the map sheet and turnto that sheet.

Locate your area of interest onthe map sheet. Note the map unitsymbols that are in that area. Turnto the Contents, which lists themap units by symbol and nameand shows the page where eachmap unit is described.

The Contents shows which tablehas data on a specific land use foreach detailed soil map unit. Alsosee the Contents for sections ofthis publication that may addressyour specific needs.

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How To Use This Soil Survey

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Additional information about the Nations natural resources is available on theNatural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. Theaddress is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effortof the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, Stateagencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. TheNatural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) hasleadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1999. Soil names anddescriptions were approved in 2000. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in thispublication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2000. This survey was madecooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; the MissouriDepartment of Natural Resources; the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station; theUnited States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; the Missouri Department ofConservation; and the Ozark County Soil and Water Conservation District. The surveyis part of the technical assistance furnished to the Ozark County Soil and WaterConservation District. Financial assistance was provided by the Missouri Department ofNatural Resources.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of thesemaps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at alarger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all ofits programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited basesapply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means forcommunication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact the USDAs TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunityprovider and employer.

Cover: A typical area of Alred-Ocie complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes. The higher knobs in thebackground are in an area of Rueter-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 50 percent slopes, very stony.

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Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3Foreword ................................................................. 9General Nature of the County ................................. 12

History and Development ................................... 12Farming .............................................................. 12Climate ............................................................... 12Relief and Drainage ............................................ 13

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 13General Soil Map Units ........................................ 15

1. Cedargap-Pomme Association .................... 152. Alred-Ocie-Mano Association ...................... 163. Gatewood-Moko Association ....................... 174. Alred-Gatewood-Ocie Association ............... 185. Poynor-Tonti Association .............................. 196. Coulstone-Poynor-Bender Association ........ 197. Rueter-Rock Outcrop-Clarksville

Association ............................................... 20Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 21

70026Tonti silt loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ..... 2273000Pomme silt loam, 3 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 2273015Viraton silt loam, 1 to 3 percent

slopes .......................................................... 2373017Bendavis-Poynor complex, 15 to 50

percent slopes, rocky, very stony ................. 2373019Poynor very gravelly silt loam, 1 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 2473023Mano-Ocie complex, 1 to 8 percent

slopes .......................................................... 2473024Mano-Ocie complex, 8 to 15 percent

slopes, stony ................................................ 2573069Tick extremely gravelly silt loam,

15 to 50 percent slopes, very stony ............. 2673073Scholten-Poynor complex, 8 to 15

percent slopes ............................................. 2773076Mano-Ocie complex, 15 to 35

percent slopes, stony ................................... 2773198Gressy-Viraton complex, 3 to 8

percent slopes ............................................. 2873199Moko-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15

percent slopes, very flaggy .......................... 2973220Poynor extremely gravelly silt loam,

8 to 15 percent slopes.................................. 2973221Poynor very gravelly silt loam, karst,

3 to 35 percent slopes, stony ....................... 30

73222Splitlimb silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes, frequently ponded ............................ 30

73223Coulstone-Bender complex, 15 to 50percent slopes, very stony ........................... 31

73224Moko-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to35 percent slopes, extremely flaggy ............. 32

73225Ocie-Gatewood complex, 3 to 8percent slopes ............................................. 32

73226Ocie-Gatewood complex, 3 to 15percent slopes, stony ................................... 33

73227Ocie-Gatewood complex, 15 to 35percent slopes, very stony ........................... 34

73228Gatewood-Moko complex, 3 to 15percent slopes, very rocky, very flaggy ........ 34

73229Gatewood-Moko complex, 15 to 35percent slopes, very rocky, very flaggy ........ 35

73230Coulstone-Bender-Gatewoodcomplex, 15 to 60 percent slopes, rocky,very stony .................................................... 36

73231Wasola silt loam, 1 to 8 percentslopes .......................................................... 38

73232Alred-Ocie complex, 1 to 8 percentslopes .......................................................... 38

73233Alred-Ocie complex, 8 to 15 percentslopes .......................................................... 39

73234Alred-Gatewood complex, 15 to 35percent slopes, stony ................................... 40

73235Alred very gravelly silt loam, karst,3 to 60 percent slopes, stony ....................... 40

73236Scholten-Poynor complex, 3 to 8percent slopes ............................................. 41

73237Clarksville very gravelly silt loam,3 to 15 percent slopes.................................. 42

73239Rueter-Rock outcrop complex, 15to 50 percent slopes, very stony .................. 42

73240Jerktail silt loam, 3 to 8 percentslopes .......................................................... 43

73242Fanchon-Tonti complex, 3 to 8percent slopes ............................................. 43

73243Topazmill loam, 3 to 8 percentslopes .......................................................... 44

73245Alred very gravelly silt loam, 1 to 8percent slopes ............................................. 44

73246Alred very gravelly silt loam, 8 to 15percent slopes ............................................. 45

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73247Alred extremely gravelly silt loam,15 to 35 percent slopes ................................ 46

73248Alred-Bendavis complex, 8 to 15percent slopes ............................................. 46

73249Alred-Ocie-Bendavis complex, 15 to35 percent slopes, stony .............................. 47

74626Tanglenook silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes, rarely flooded ................................... 48

74657Pomme silt loam, bench, 1 to 8percent slopes ............................................. 48

74658Zanoni fine sandy loam, 1 to 3percent slopes, rarely flooded ...................... 49

75382Cedargap gravelly loam, 0 to 3percent slopes, frequently flooded ............... 49

75390Razort silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes, rarely flooded ................................... 50

75406Racket loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,frequently flooded ........................................ 50

75417Relfe-Sandbur complex, 0 to 3percent slopes, frequently flooded ............... 51

75422Secesh loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes,occasionally flooded..................................... 51

75423Cedargap very gravelly silt loam,0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionallyflooded ......................................................... 52

75424Sandbur fine sandy loam, 0 to 3percent slopes, frequently flooded ............... 52

99001Water .................................................... 5399002Borrow areas ........................................ 53

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 55Interpretive Ratings ............................................ 55

Rating Class Terms ........................................ 55Numerical Ratings .......................................... 55

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 56Prime Farmland ............................................. 57Yields per Acre ............................................... 58Land Capability Classification ........................ 59Pasture and Hayland Suitability Groups ......... 60

Forestland Productivity and Management .......... 61Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .......... 63Recreation .......................................................... 63Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 65Engineering ........................................................ 68

Building Site Development ............................. 68Sanitary Facilities ........................................... 69

Construction Materials and Excavating .......... 71Water Management ........................................ 73Waste Management ....................................... 74

Soil Properties ...................................................... 77Engineering Index Properties ............................. 77Physical Properties ............................................ 78Chemical Properties ........................................... 80Water Features ................................................... 80Soil Features ...................................................... 81

Classification of the Soils .................................... 83Soil Series and Their Morphology ....................... 83

Alred Series ................................................... 83Bendavis Series ............................................. 84Bender Series ................................................ 85Cedargap Series ............................................ 86Clarksville Series ........................................... 86Coulstone Series............................................ 87Fanchon Series .............................................. 88Gatewood Series ........................................... 89Gressy Series ................................................ 90Jerktail Series ................................................ 90Mano Series ................................................... 91Moko Series ................................................... 93Ocie Series .................................................... 93Pomme Series ............................................... 94Poynor Series................................................. 95Racket Series................................................. 95Razort Series ................................................. 96Relfe Series ................................................... 97Rueter Series ................................................. 97Sandbur Series .............................................. 98Scholten Series .............................................. 99Secesh Series .............................................. 100Splitlimb Series ............................................ 101Tanglenook Series ....................................... 101Tick Series ................................................... 102Tonti Series .................................................. 103Topazmill Series ........................................... 104Viraton Series .............................................. 104Wasola Series .............................................. 105Zanoni Series ............................................... 106

Formation of the Soils ........................................ 109Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 109

Parent Material ............................................. 109Living Organisms ......................................... 109

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Climate ......................................................... 110Topography .................................................. 110Time ............................................................. 110

Physiography, Geology, and Hydrology ............ 110References .......................................................... 115Glossary .............................................................. 117Tables .................................................................. 131

Table 1.Temperature and Precipitation .......... 132Table 2.Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ........ 133Table 3.Growing Season ............................... 133Table 4.Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 134Table 5.Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture ......................... 135Table 6.Pasture and Hayland Suitability

Groups ....................................................... 139Table 7.Forestland Productivity ..................... 141Table 8a.Forestland Management ................. 148

Table 8b.Forestland Management ................. 161Table 9.Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 173Table 10.Recreational Site Development ...... 184Table 11a.Wildlife Habitat .............................. 198Table 11b.Wildlife Habitat .............................. 213Table 12.Building Site Development .............. 226Table 13.Sanitary Facilities ........................... 240Table 14.Construction Materials and

Excavating ................................................. 255Table 15.Water Management ........................ 270Table 16.Waste Management ........................ 284Table 17.Engineering Index Properties ......... 299Table 18.Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 313Table 19.Chemical Properties of the Soils ..... 323Table 20.Water Features ............................... 331Table 21.Soil Features .................................. 344Table 22.Classification of the Soils ................ 349

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This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this surveyarea. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey alsohighlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and theimpact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, andagronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management neededfor maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sitesfor construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlifemanagement, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help themunderstand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may imposespecial restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report isintended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or landtreatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land usersidentify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner oruser is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils areseasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are toounstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils arepoorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soilpoorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soilsurvey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of eachsoil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described, andinformation on specific uses is given. Help in using this publication and additionalinformation are available at the local office of the Natural Resources ConservationService or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Roger A. HansenState ConservationistNatural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

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OZARK COUNTY is in south-central Missouri (fig. 1). Ithas an area of 483,315 acres, or about 755 squaremiles. It is bordered on the north by Douglas County,Missouri; on the east by Howell County, Missouri; onthe west by Taney County, Missouri; and on the southby Baxter, Fulton, and Marion Counties, Arkansas.Gainesville, the county seat, is in the central part ofthe county. In 2000, the population of Ozark Countywas 9,542 and the population of the city ofGainesville was 632. Other communities includeBakersfield, Dora, Tecumseh, Theodosia, Thornfield,and Wasola.

Beef cattle and dairy cattle are the dominantlivestock species in the county. Cool-season grasses,shallow-rooted legumes, and deep-rooted legumes,such as fescue, red clover, and alfalfa, are the mainforage species grown for pasture and hay. A majorityof the county supports timber, including areas of bothmature and regenerating stands. The remaining areasare used for pasture and hay and occupy a portion ofthe gently sloping and moderately sloping uplands anda major part of the bottom lands.

The county is dominantly rural. The local economyis based on retail business, livestock farming, servicefacilities, and tourism. Several small towns havebusiness districts that are supported by thesurrounding rural areas. Norfolk and Bull Shoals

Lakes, along with several large creeks, provideopportunities for recreational activities, such asboating, fishing, and canoeing. The Forest Servicemanages 38,805 acres in the county. These areas areused extensively for hunting, camping, and hiking.

Soil Survey of

Ozark County, MissouriBy Dorris F. Festervand and John D. Preston

Fieldwork by Dorris F. Festervand, Natural Resources Conservation Service, andGene Campbell, Kelly Schrable, and Tony Dohman, Missouri Department of NaturalResources

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources; the MissouriAgricultural Experiment Station; the United States Department of Agriculture, ForestService; the Missouri Department of Conservation; and the Ozark County Soil andWater Conservation District

Figure 1.Location of Ozark County in Missouri.

12 Soil Survey of

General Nature of the CountyThis section provides general information about the

county. It describes history and development; farming;climate; and relief and drainage.

History and Development

In 1808, this region was part of the Osage Indianland cession. Other Indian tribes also hunted andfished in the area.

On January 29, 1841, Ozark County wasestablished by the Missouri Legislature. The originalboundaries included the area that is now DouglasCounty and extended to the Missouri-Arkansas stateline and from Taney County to about the middle ofHowell County. This vast area encompassed about1,580 square miles. Rockbridge was the county seat.In 1857, Ozark County was reduced to its present sizeand the county seat was shifted to a more centrallocation in Gainesville.

Growth in the region was slow because of the CivilWar. Following the war, however, many newcommunities were established.

By the early 1900s, the virgin pine forests in thecounty had been cut. Farming small grain crops hadproven to be unproductive. Lead and zinc were minedintermittently. The railroads bypassed Ozark County,and the area has remained very rural.

In the 1930s, the Mark Twain National Forest wasfounded. Today there are 38,805 acres of nationalforest in Ozark County. Of this total, 18,804 acres is inthe Willow Springs Ranger District and 20,721 acres isin the Ava Ranger District.

In 1943, Lake Norfork was formed by a dam on theNorth Fork of the White River in Arkansas. In 1951,another dam on the White River impounded BullShoals Lake, named for Bull Mountain and the rivershoals. The building of the lakes helped establish newindustries, recreational facilities, and retirementservices.

Farming

The first Europeans who settled in the survey areafound a mix of dense forest and bluestem prairies(Piland, 1991). These settlers were accustomed togetting their fuel, building materials, and food from theforest. Hunters, trappers, and other early visitors foundan abundance of elk, antelope, bear, deer, wildcat,wolves, turkey, geese, and ducks. Fish were plentiful inthe rivers and streams. The countys first pioneersraised some livestock, but most of them supported

their families by hunting wild game, finding bee trees,trading furs, and trading with the Indians.

Livestock populations began to increase during theperiod from 1860 to 1900. The acreage used for smallgrain crops (wheat, corn, and oats) increased duringthis time, although yields were low. Many farmersbegan raising cotton as a cash crop. Two or threecotton gins were located in the county during the late1890s and early 1900s. Cotton was grown into the1920s, but other crops became more profitable. Corn,wheat, oats, cane, peas, and turnips were commonlygrown into the 1930s and 1940s. As horse-drawnmachinery was replaced by tractors, these crops werereplaced by forage crops, which were more productiveand could also help to control erosion and conservethe soil.

The number of milk cows increased in the county,and most farms sold cream and milk. During the1940s and 1950s, cattle numbers increased. Between1960 and 1975, cattle numbers increased at thehighest rate since 1850. These changes were broughtabout by the use of perennial forage crops, such asfescue, orchardgrass, red clover, alfalfa, and ladinoclover, and the increased use of commercial fertilizers.The harvest of fescue seed became another importantpart of fescue production. Also, larger round bales hadbeen introduced into the modern hay system.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitationfor the survey area as recorded at Wasola in theperiod 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable dates ofthe first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.Table 3 provides data on length of the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 35.7 degreesF and the average daily minimum temperature is 24.5degrees. The lowest temperature on record, whichoccurred on December 23, 1989, is -22 degrees. Insummer, the average temperature is 75.9 degrees andthe average daily maximum temperature is 87.6degrees. The highest recorded temperature, whichoccurred on July 14, 1954, is 111 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. Theyare equivalent to heat units. During the month,growing degree days accumulate by the amount thatthe average temperature each day exceeds a basetemperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthlyaccumulation is used to schedule single or successiveplantings of a crop between the last freeze in springand the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is 40.47 inches. Ofthis total, 25.7 inches, or about 64 percent, usuallyfalls in April through October. The growing season for

Ozark County, Missouri 13

most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-dayrainfall during the period of record was 5.33 inches onDecember 3, 1982. Thunderstorms occur on about 52days each year, and most occur between May andAugust.

The average seasonal snowfall is 8.4 inches. Thegreatest snow depth at any one time during the periodof record was 18 inches. On the average, 2 days of theyear have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. Theheaviest 1-day snowfall on record was 16 inches,recorded on February 8, 1980.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon isabout 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and theaverage at dawn is about 83 percent. The sun shines66 percent of the time possible in summer and 50percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the southfor most of the year but is from the northwest duringFebruary and March. Average windspeed is highest,between 11 and 12 miles per hour, from November toApril.

Relief and Drainage

Ozark County is within the Ozark Highland region,where surface features are mainly a result of theOzark uplift and the subsequent geologic erosion. TheOzark uplift consists of the Springfield Plateau and theSalem Plateau.

The Springfield Plateau is exposed in the centralpart of the county just north of Gainesville in theCaney Mountain Wildlife Area and in the northwesternpart of the county along the Glade Top Trail. It is alsoexposed in areas where there are isolated pinnaclesthat are higher than the adjacent land. The plateau hasbeen strongly dissected by the streams and ischaracterized by gently sloping to strongly sloping,long, narrow, winding ridges and moderately steep tovery steep, very stony and extremely stony sideslopes and pinnacles. The elevation generally rangesfrom 1,200 to 1,400 feet above sea level. The highestpoint in the county is on the Springfield Plateau at anelevation of 1,490 feet at the Romance Lookout Towerin the central part of Ozark County.

The rest of Ozark County is on the Salem Plateauand is characterized by nearly level to moderatelysloping ridges and strongly sloping to very steep,stony to extremely stony side slopes with outcrops ofdolostone and sandstone. The elevation in this part ofthe county ranges from 546 feet (the lowest point inthe county) to 1,200 feet above sea level.

All of the streams in Ozark County are in thedrainage basin of the White River and flow into BullShoals Lake or Norfork Lake. These lakes werecreated by the damming of the White River. Bull

Shoals Lake has a normal pool elevation of 645 feet,and Norfolk Lake has a normal pool elevation of 546feet.

Ozark County has four main tributaries, all of whichflow basically southward. Pond Fork and Little NorthFork are the two main tributaries that drain thewestern part of the county, where they eventually flowinto the Theodosia arm of Bull Shoals Lake. Severalsmaller tributaries also drain the western part of thecounty and flow into the Little North Fork. Theseinclude Little Creek, Turkey Creek, and Barren Fork.Bryant Creek and the North Fork River are the twomain tributaries that drain the eastern part of thecounty. Both of these streams flow into Norfork Lakenear the town of Tecumseh.

Other tributaries that drain Ozark County are SpringCreek near the Douglas County line; Pine Creek, LickCreek, and Spring Creek on the Howell County line;Bridges Creek; and Bennetts Bayou. Spring Creekflows in an easterly direction along the DouglasCounty line and drains the north-central part of thecounty, eventually emptying into Bryant Creek inDouglas County. Pine Creek and Lick Creek flow in asoutheasterly direction and drain the central part ofthe county. Pine Creek flows into Bryant Creek, andLick Creek flows into Norfork Lake. Spring Creek(originating in Howell County), Bridges Creek, andBennetts Bayou flow in a southwesterly direction andhelp drain the eastern part of the county. Spring Creekflows into the North Fork River, and Bridges Creekand Bennetts Bayou flow into Norfork Lake.

How This Survey Was MadeThis survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.The information includes a description of the soils andmiscellaneous areas and their location and adiscussion of their suitability, limitations, andmanagement for specified uses. Soil scientistsobserved the steepness, length, and shape of theslopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds ofcrops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which isthe sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.The profile extends from the surface down into theunconsolidated material in which the soil formed. Theunconsolidated material is devoid of roots and otherliving organisms and has not been changed by otherbiological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the surveyarea are in an orderly pattern that is related to thegeology, landforms, relief, climate, and naturalvegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

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miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kindof landform or with a segment of the landform. Byobserving the soils and miscellaneous areas in thesurvey area and relating their position to specificsegments of the landform, a soil scientist develops aconcept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,during mapping, this model enables the soil scientistto predict with a considerable degree of accuracy thekind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific locationon the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape mergeinto one another as their characteristics graduallychange. To construct an accurate soil map, however,soil scientists must determine the boundaries betweenthe soils. They can observe only a limited number ofsoil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient toverify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and todetermine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of thesoil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind andamount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,reaction, and other features that enable them toidentify soils. After describing the soils in the surveyarea and determining their properties, the soilscientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Eachtaxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics withprecisely defined limits. The classes are used as abasis for comparison to classify soils systematically.Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classificationused in the United States, is based mainly on the kindand character of soil properties and the arrangementof horizons within the profile. After the soil scientistsclassified and named the soils in the survey area, theycompared the individual soils with similar soils in thesame taxonomic class in other areas so that theycould confirm data and assemble additional databased on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of someof the soils in the area generally are collected forlaboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soilscientists interpret the data from these analyses andtests as well as the field-observed characteristics andthe soil properties to determine the expected behaviorof the soils under different uses. Interpretations for allof the soils are field tested through observation of thesoils in different uses and under different levels ofmanagement. Some interpretations are modified to fitlocal conditions, and some new interpretations aredeveloped to meet local needs. Data are assembledfrom other sources, such as research information,production records, and field experience of specialists.For example, data on crop yields under defined levelsof management are assembled from farm records andfrom field or plot experiments on the same kinds ofsoil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not onlyon soil properties but also on such variables asclimate and biological activity. Soil conditions arepredictable over long periods of time, but they are notpredictable from year to year. For example, soilscientists can predict with a fairly high degree ofaccuracy that a given soil will have a high water tablewithin certain depths in most years, but they cannotpredict that a high water table will always be at aspecific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified thesignificant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerialphotographs and identified each as a specific mapunit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,roads, and rivers, all of which help in locatingboundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of thesoils in this survey area do not fully agree with thoseof the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences arethe result of a better knowledge of soils, modificationsin series concepts, or variations in the intensity ofmapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey areas.

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The general soil map in this publication showsbroad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,relief, and drainage. These broad areas are calledassociations. Each association on the general soilmap is a unique natural landscape. Typically, itconsists of one or more major soils or miscellaneousareas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. Itis named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.The components of one association can occur inanother but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare thesuitability of large areas for general land uses. Areasof suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,areas where the soils are not suitable can be identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitablefor planning the management of a farm or field or forselecting a site for a road or building or other structure.The soils in any one association differ from place toplace in slope, depth, drainage, and othercharacteristics that affect management.

1. Cedargap-Pomme Association

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 10 percentExtent of the components in the association (fig. 2):Cedargap and similar soils49 percent

General Soil Map Units

Figure 2.Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Cedargap-Pomme association.

16 Soil Survey of

Pomme and similar soils16 percentSoils of minor extent35 percent

Soils of Minor Extent

Racket, Razort, Relfe, Sandbur, Secesh,Tanglenook, Topazmill, and Zanoni

Landscape

Cedargapflood plains along small streamsPommefootslopes along major streams

Parent Material

CedargapalluviumPommehillslope sediments over alluvium

Slope Range

0 to 8 percent

2. Alred-Ocie-Mano Association

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 13percent

Extent of the components in the association (fig. 3):Alred and similar soils39 percentOcie and similar soils23 percentMano and similar soils15 percentSoils of minor extent23 percent

Figure 3.Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Alred-Ocie-Mano and Alred-Gatewood-Ocie associations.



Gatewood, Gressy, Jerktail, Moko, Viraton, andWasola

Landscape

Alred, Ocie, and Manoridgetops and shoulderslopes

Parent Material

Alred, Ocie, and Manohillslope sediments overresiduum

Slope Range

1 to 15 percent

3. Gatewood-Moko Association

Composition


Extent of the components in the association (fig. 4):Gatewood and similar soils41 percentMoko and similar soils38 percentSoils of minor extent21 percent

Components of Minor Extent

Alred, Cedargap, Mano, Ocie, and Tick soils androck outcrop

Figure 4.Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Gatewood-Moko association.

18 Soil Survey of

Landscape

Gatewood and Mokonarrow ridgetops, shoulderslopes, and backslopes

Parent Material

Gatewood and Mokohillslope sediments overresiduum

Slope Range

3 to 35 percent

4. Alred-Gatewood-Ocie Association

Composition


Extent of the components in the association (fig. 3,fig. 6):

Alred and similar soils36 percentGatewood and similar soils21 percentOcie and similar soils17 percentSoils of minor extent26 percent

Components of Minor Extent

Bendavis, Cedargap, Pomme, Mano, and Moko soilsand rock outcrop

Landscape

Alred, Gatewood, and Ocieshoulder slopes andbackslopes

Parent Material

Alred, Gatewood, and Ociehillslope sediments overresiduum

Slope Range

8 to 35 percent

Figure 5.Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Poynor-Tonti and Coulstone-Poynor-Bender associations.


5. Poynor-Tonti Association

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 8 percentExtent of the components in the association (fig. 5):Poynor and similar soils75 percentTonti and similar soils13 percentSoils of minor extent12 percent


Bendavis, Fanchon, Poynor (karst), Scholten, andSplitlimb

Landscape

Poynor and Tontinarrow ridgetops and shoulderslopes

Parent Material

Poynor and Tontihillslope sediments over residuum

Slope Range

1 to 15 percent

6. Coulstone-Poynor-BenderAssociation

Composition


Extent of the components in the association (fig. 5):Coulstone and similar soils36 percentPoynor and similar soils21 percentBender and similar soils17 percentSoils of minor extent26 percent


Bendavis, Mano, Ocie, and Scholten

Figure 6.Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Rueter-Rock outcrop-Clarksville and Alred-Gatewood-Ocieassociations.

20

Landscape

Coulstone, Poynor, and Bendershoulder slopes andbackslopes

Parent Material

Coulstone, Poynor, and Benderhillslope sedimentsover residuum

Slope Range

8 to 35 percent

7. Rueter-Rock Outcrop-ClarksvilleAssociation

Composition

Extent of the association in the survey area: 2 percentExtent of the components in the association (fig. 6):Rueter and similar soils50 percent

Rock outcrop18 percentClarksville and similar soils17 percentSoils of minor extent15 percent


Alred, Gatewood, and Moko

Landscape

Narrow ridgetops, shoulder slopes, and backslopes

Parent Material and Type of Rock Outcrop

Rueter and Clarksvillehillslope sediments overresiduum

Rock outcropdolostone

Slope Range

3 to 50 percent

21

The map units delineated on the detailed soil mapsin this survey represent the soils or miscellaneousareas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions inthis section, along with the maps, can be used todetermine the suitability and potential of a unit forspecific uses. They also can be used to plan themanagement needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents anarea dominated by one or more major kinds of soil ormiscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified andnamed according to the taxonomic classification of thedominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there areprecisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.On the landscape, however, the soils are naturalphenomena, and they have the characteristicvariability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range ofsome observed properties may extend beyond thelimits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of asingle taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mappedwithout including areas of other taxonomic classes.Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soilsor miscellaneous areas for which it is named andsome minor components that belong to taxonomicclasses other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those ofthe dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thusthey do not affect use and management. These arecalled noncontrasting, or similar, components. Theymay or may not be mentioned in a particular map unitdescription. Other minor components, however, haveproperties and behavioral characteristics divergentenough to affect use or to require differentmanagement. These are called contrasting, ordissimilar, components. They generally are in smallareas and could not be mapped separately because ofthe scale used. Some small areas of stronglycontrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identifiedby a special symbol on the maps. The contrastingcomponents are mentioned in the map unitdescriptions. A few areas of minor components maynot have been observed, and consequently they arenot mentioned in the descriptions, especially wherethe pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils andmiscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit inno way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of thedata. The objective of mapping is not to delineate puretaxonomic classes but rather to separate thelandscape into landforms or landform segments thathave similar use and management requirements. Thedelineation of such segments on the map providessufficient information for the development of resourceplans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,however, onsite investigation is needed to define andlocate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit namein the map unit descriptions. Each description includesgeneral facts about the unit and gives the principalhazards and limitations to be considered in planningfor specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike makeup a soil series. Except for differences in texture of thesurface layer, all the soils of a series have majorhorizons that are similar in composition, thickness,and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of thesurface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree oferosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.On the basis of such differences, a soil series isdivided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown onthe detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. Thename of a soil phase commonly indicates a featurethat affects use or management. For example, Tonti siltloam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, is a phase of the Tontiseries.

Some map units are made up of two or more majorsoils or miscellaneous areas. These map units arecalled complexes. A complex consists of two or moresoils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricatepattern or in such small areas that they cannot beshown separately on the maps. The pattern andproportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas aresomewhat similar in all areas. Mano-Ocie complex, 8to 15 percent slopes, stony, is an example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

Detailed Soil Map Units

22 Soil Survey of

areas have little or no soil material and support little orno vegetation. Map unit 99002, Borrow areas, is anexample.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extentof each map unit. Other tables give properties of thesoils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials formany uses. The Glossary defines many of the termsused in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

70026Tonti silt loam, 1 to 3 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills

Component Description

Tonti

Percent of the map unit: 85 percentPosition on the landform: SummitsParent material: Loess over gravelly slope alluvium

over clayey residuum derived from dolostoneSlope shape: Convex

Component Properties and Qualities

Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: LowDepth to restrictive feature: 13 to 25 inches to a

fragipan

Component Hydrologic Properties

Flooding: NoneCurrent depth to water table: 11 to 28 inchesDrainage class: Moderately well drained

Typical Profile

Ap0 to 8 inches; silt loamBt8 to 20 inches; gravelly silty clay loam2Btx20 to 34 inches; very gravelly silt loam3Bt34 to 80 inches; very gravelly clay

Detailed profile descriptions are given in theClassification of the Soils section. Additionalinformation is provided in the tables described underthe heading Soil Properties.

Minor Components

Scholten and similar soils

Estimated percent of the map unit: 0 to 5 percent

Fanchon and similar soils


Poynor and similar soils


73000Pomme silt loam, 3 to 8 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Footslopes


Pomme

Percent of the map unit: 85 percentParent material: Loess over loamy slope alluviumSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Medium


Flooding: NoneCurrent depth to water table: More than 6 feetDrainage class: Well drained

Typical Profile

Ap0 to 7 inches; silt loamBt17 to 19 inches; silty clay loam2Bt219 to 57 inches; very gravelly silty clay loam3Bt357 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components



Viraton and similar soils


Severely eroded areas


Wasola and similar soils


Alred and similar soils



73015Viraton silt loam, 1 to 3 percentslopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Viraton

Percent of the map unit: 85 percentPosition on the landform: SummitsParent material: Loamy slope alluvium over clayey

residuum derived from dolostoneSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: LowDepth to restrictive feature: 16 to 41 inches to a

fragipan



Typical Profile

Ap0 to 3 inches; silt loamE3 to 7 inches; silt loamBt7 to 23 inches; gravelly silty clay loam2Btx23 to 48 inches; extremely gravelly silt loam3Bt48 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components

Gressy and similar soils


Ocie and similar soils


Mano and similar soils


Jerktail and similar soils




73017Bendavis-Poynor complex, 15 to50 percent slopes, rocky, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Bendavis

Percent of the map unit: 70 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly slope alluviumSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0.10 to

3.0 percent (subangular stones)Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)



Typical Profile

A0 to 3 inches; very gravelly silt loamE3 to 14 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt14 to 34 inches; very gravelly silt loam2R34 to 80 inches; bedrock


Poynor

Percent of the map unit: 20 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over clayey



Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3

percent (subangular stones)Depth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly

contrasting textural stratification

24 Soil Survey of



Typical Profile

A0 to 4 inches; very gravelly silt loamE4 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 28 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt228 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components

Rock outcrop


Clarksville and similar soils



Estimated percent of the map unit: 2 percent

Areas that have stones and boulders on thesurface


73019Poynor very gravelly silt loam, 1to 8 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Poynor

Percent of the map unit: 90 percentPosition on the landform: SummitsParent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over clayey



Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: MediumDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly



Flooding: None

Current depth to water table: More than 6 feetDrainage class: Well drained

Typical Profile

A0 to 4 inches; very gravelly silt loamE4 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 28 inches; very gravelly silty clay loam2Bt228 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components



Bendavis and similar soils






Tonti and similar soils


73023Mano-Ocie complex, 1 to 8percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Mano




Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: MediumDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly



Flooding: None


Current depth to water table: 24 to 36 inchesDrainage class: Moderately well drained

Typical Profile

A0 to 3 inches; gravelly silt loamE3 to 13 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt13 to 33 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt33 to 80 inches; clay


Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: MediumDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly

contrasting textural stratification; 40 to 60 inchesto bedrock (lithic)



Typical Profile

A0 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loamE5 to 11 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt11 to 24 inches; very gravelly silty clay loam2Bt24 to 56 inches; clay3R56 to 80 inches; bedrock


Minor Components

Gatewood and similar soils












73024Mano-Ocie complex, 8 to 15percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Mano

Percent of the map unit: 55 percentPosition on the landform: ShouldersParent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over clayey



Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3





Typical Profile



26 Soil Survey of

Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3





Typical Profile

A0 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loamE5 to 11 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt111 to 24 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt224 to 56 inches; gravelly clay3R56 to 80 inches; bedrock


Minor Components





Rueter and similar soils






73069Tick extremely gravelly silt loam,15 to 50 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills

Component DescriptionTick

Percent of the map unit: 85 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Silty slope alluvium over clayey

residuum derived from mudstoneSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to

0.10 percent (subrounded stones)Depth to restrictive feature: 22 to 80 inches to dense

material



Typical Profile

Oe0 to 1 inch; moderately decomposed plantmaterial

A1 to 5 inches; extremely gravelly silt loamE5 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 18 inches; silty clay loamBt218 to 42 inches; clay2Cd42 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components












73073Scholten-Poynor complex, 8 to 15percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Scholten


residuum derived from dolostoneSlope shape: Linear


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to

0.60 percent (subangular cobbles)Depth to restrictive feature: 7 to 31 inches to a

fragipan



Typical Profile

Ap0 to 7 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt7 to 21 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Btx21 to 34 inches; extremely gravelly silt loam3Bt34 to 80 inches; gravelly clay


Poynor




Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to

0.60 percent (subangular cobbles)Depth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly




Typical Profile

Ap0 to 4 inches; very gravelly silt loamE4 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 28 inches; very gravelly silty clay loam2Bt228 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components









73076Mano-Ocie complex, 15 to 35percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Mano




Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Very high

28 Soil Survey of

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3percent (subangular stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to stronglycontrasting textural stratification



Typical Profile



Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3





Typical Profile



Minor Components





Areas that have boulders on the surface






73198Gressy-Viraton complex, 3 to 8percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Gressy

Percent of the map unit: 50 percentPosition on the landform: SummitsParent material: Silty slope alluvium over gravelly

slope alluvium over clayey residuum derived fromdolostone

Slope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Medium



Typical Profile

Ap0 to 7 inches; silt loamBt17 to 31 inches; silt loam2Bt231 to 49 inches; gravelly clay loam3Bt349 to 80 inches; gravelly clay



Viraton

Percent of the map unit: 40 percentPosition on the landform: SummitsParent material: Loamy slope alluvium over clayey



Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: MediumDepth to restrictive feature: 16 to 41 inches to a

fragipan



Typical Profile

Ap0 to 3 inches; silt loamE3 to 7 inches; silt loamBt7 to 23 inches; gravelly silty clay loam2Btx23 to 48 inches; extremely gravelly silt loam3Bt48 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components



Wasola and similar soils

Percent of the map unit: 0 to 5 percent

Splitlimb and similar soils




73199Moko-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to15 percent slopes, very flaggy

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Moko

Percent of the map unit: 70 percent

Position on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly residuum derived from

dolostoneSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Very shallow and shallow (4 to 20inches)

Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3

percent (subangular flagstones)Depth to restrictive feature: 6 to 20 inches to bedrock

(lithic)


Flooding: NoneCurrent depth to water table: More than 6 feetDrainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Typical Profile

A10 to 7 inches; extremely flaggy loamA27 to 12 inches; extremely flaggy silt loam2R12 to 80 inches; bedrock


Rock outcrop


Minor Components



73220Poynor extremely gravelly siltloam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Poynor




Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)

30 Soil Survey of

Surface runoff class: HighDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly




Typical Profile

Ap0 to 4 inches; extremely gravelly silt loamE4 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 28 inches; very gravelly silty clay loam2Bt228 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components







73221Poynor very gravelly silt loam,karst, 3 to 35 percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Sinkholes


Poynor









Typical Profile

Ap0 to 4 inches; very gravelly silt loamE4 to 10 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt110 to 28 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt228 to 80 inches; clay


Minor Components





Splitlimb and similar soils




Rock outcrop


73222Splitlimb silt loam, 0 to 3 percentslopes, frequently ponded

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Sinkholes


Splitlimb

Percent of the map unit: 85 percentPosition on the landform: BasinsParent material: Silty loess over silty slope alluviumSlope shape: Concave


Depth to bedrock: Very deep (more than 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Negligible


Flooding: None


Current depth to water table: 0 to 21 inchesDrainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Typical Profile

Ap0 to 10 inches; silt loamBt110 to 20 inches; silt loamBt220 to 29 inches; silt loam2Bt329 to 80 inches; silty clay loam


Minor Components







73223Coulstone-Bender complex, 15 to50 percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Coulstone

Percent of the map unit: 50 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

sandstoneSlope shape: Convex



percent (subrounded stones)



Typical Profile


A1 to 6 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam

Bt16 to 29 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam2Bt229 to 42 inches; extremely stony sandy loam3Bt342 to 80 inches; extremely stony clay loam


Bender

Percent of the map unit: 35 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly slope alluvium derived from

sandstoneSlope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 10

percent (angular flagstones)Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 39 inches to bedrock

(lithic)



Typical Profile


A1 to 5 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loamBt15 to 21 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loamBt221 to 31 inches; extremely stony sandy loam2R31 to 80 inches; bedrock


Minor Components







Rock outcrop


32 Soil Survey of

Vertical bluffs


73224Moko-Rock outcrop complex, 15to 35 percent slopes, extremely flaggy

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Moko

Percent of the map unit: 50 percentPosition on the landform: BackslopesParent material: Gravelly residuum derived from




Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 10


(lithic)



Typical Profile

A10 to 7 inches; extremely flaggy loamA27 to 12 inches; extremely flaggy silt loam2R12 to 80 inches; bedrock


Rock outcrop


Minor Components



73225Ocie-Gatewood complex, 3 to 8percent slopes

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: HighDepth to restrictive feature: 15 to 39 inches to strongly




Typical Profile



Gatewood




Depth to bedrock: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)Surface runoff class: HighDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)




Typical Profile

A0 to 2 inches; very gravelly silt loamE2 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt5 to 36 inches; clay3R36 to 80 inches; bedrock


Minor Components



Moko and similar soils








73226Ocie-Gatewood complex, 3 to 15percent slopes, stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: High

Percent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3percent (subrounded stones)

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock(lithic)



Typical Profile



Gatewood




Depth to bedrock: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 3

percent (subrounded stones)Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock

(lithic)



Typical Profile



34 Soil Survey of

Minor Components





Rock outcrop


73227Ocie-Gatewood complex, 15 to 35percent slopes, very stony

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Ocie




Depth to bedrock: Deep (40 to 60 inches)Surface runoff class: Very highPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 10


(lithic)



Typical Profile

A0 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loamE5 to 11 inches; very gravelly silt loamBt111 to 24 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt224 to 56 inches; gravelly clay3R56 to 80 inches; unweathered bedrock


Gatewood

Percent of the map unit: 35 percentPosition on the landform: Backslopes

Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over clayeyresiduum derived from dolostone

Slope shape: Convex




(lithic)



Typical Profile

A0 to 2 inches; very gravelly silt loamE2 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt5 to 36 inches; clay3R36 to 80 inches; unweathered bedrock


Minor Components

Steeper areas and bluffs






Rock outcrop


73228Gatewood-Moko complex, 3 to 15percent slopes, very rocky, very flaggy

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Gatewood

Percent of the map unit: 60 percentPosition on the landform: Shoulders


Parent material: Gravelly slope alluvium over clayeyresiduum derived from dolostone

Slope shape: Convex


Depth to bedrock: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 10


(lithic)



Typical Profile



Moko

Percent of the map unit: 25 percentPosition on the landform: ShouldersParent material: Gravelly residuum derived from




Surface runoff class: HighPercent of surface covered by rock fragments: 0 to 10


(lithic)



Typical Profile

A10 to 7 inches; very gravelly silt loamA27 to 12 inches; extremely flaggy silt loam2R12 to 80 inches; bedrock

Detailed profile descriptions are given in the

Classification of the Soils section. Additionalinformation is provided in the tables described underthe heading Soil Properties.

Minor Components







Rock outcrop


73229Gatewood-Moko complex, 15 to35 percent slopes, very rocky, veryflaggy

Map Unit Setting

Landform: Hills


Gatewood






(lithic)



Typical Profile

A0 to 2 inches; extremely gravelly silt loamE2 to 5 inches; very gravelly silt loam2Bt5 to 36 inches; clay3R36 to 80 inches; bedrock

Detailed profile descriptions are gi

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