SOL BA Program 1st Year Punjabi A Study Material In PDF

7/23/2019 SOL BA Program 1st Year Punjabi A Study Material In PDF

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B.A. (PROGRAMME)

I YEAR

PUNJABI (ADVANCE)

PAPER : I STREAM A(COMPULSORY) LANGUAGE

STUDY MATERIAL 1-5

School of Open Learning

(Campus of Open Learning)

University of Delhi

DEPARTMENT OF PUNJABI


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Graduate Course

PUNJABIA

LANGUAGECOURSE

Syllabus

1. Parhnan ;

Sahitik ate uch-padhari pathan nu Samjhan Di Samartha.

2. Likhnan :

Laghu ate Sugathit Prastav (500 shabadan tak) Likhan Di Samartha.

Saransh te notes tiar Karan di Samartha.

Punjabi da Sirjanatmak istemal-kavita Likhan, Kahani nu natak Jan Vartalap

vich badalan, kise novel Utte adharit kahani Likhan di Samartha.

3. Bolanan :

Bol de utrao-charhao, bol ate vibhin dhunian utte dhian Kentrit Kar ke

Shabadan di Sahi vartoon di Samartha.

Bahisan, Compere programman vich Shirkat Karan Interview Lain,

Programme/ghatna/path da mulankan Karan di Samartha.

4. Sunhanan :

Vibhin Kism de Ucharanan nu Samjhan Di Samartha.

5. Shabad-bhandar ate viakaran

Punjabi Zaban de nafasati pehluan nu Samjhan di Samartha.

Punjabi Viakaran Dian barikian di Samajh.


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sseoksseoksseoksseoksseok

gkm -1gkm -1gkm -1gkm -1gkm -1 pbDk, ;[DBk ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;spbDk, ;[DBk ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;spbDk, ;[DBk ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;spbDk, ;[DBk ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;spbDk, ;[DBk ns/ g zikph GkFk dh Bcak;s

gkm -2gkm -2gkm -2gkm -2gkm -2 gVQBk -eftsk ns/ ejkDhgVQBk-eftsk ns/ ejkDhgVQBk -eftsk ns/ ejkDhgVQBk-eftsk ns/ ejkDhgVQBk-eftsk ns/ ejkDh

gkm -3gkm -3gkm -3gkm -3gkm -3 fbyDk-gq;sktfbyDk-gq;sktfbyDk-gq;sktfbyDk-gq;sktfbyDk-g q;skt

gkm -4gkm -4gkm -4gkm -4gkm -4 ejkDh B{z tkoskbkg ftu fbyDk ns/ ;kokIF fbyDkejkDh B{ z t koskbkg ftu fbyDk ns/ ;kokIF fbyDkejkDh B{z tkoskbkg ftu fbyDk ns/ ;kokIF fbyDkejkDh B{ z t koskbkg ftu fbyDk ns/ ;kokIF fbyDkejkDh B{z tkoskbkg ftu fbyDk ns/ ;kok IF fbyDk

gkm -5gkm -5gkm -5gkm -5gkm -5 BN b?D/ ik BN; fbyD/ ns/ eftsk fbyDk (fJ; gkm ftu ftnkeoB Bkb ;zp zXsBN b?D / ik BN; fbyD/ ns/ eftsk fbyDk (fJ; gkm ftu ftnkeoB Bkb ;zp zXsBN b?D/ ik BN; fbyD/ ns/ eftsk fbyDk (fJ; gkm ftu ftnkeoB Bkb ;zp zXsBN b?D / ik BN; fbyD/ ns/ eftsk fbyDk (fJ; gkm ftu ftnkeoB Bkb ;zp zXsBN b?D / ik BN; fbyD/ ns/ eftsk fbyDk (fJ; gkm ftu ftnkeoB Bkb ;zp zXs

ftF / B {z fbnk frnk j ?)ftF / B {z fbnk frnk j ?)ftF / B {z fbnk frnk j ?)ftF / B {z fbnk frnk j ?)ftF/ B{z fbnk frnk j ?)


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gkm 1gkm 1gkm 1gkm 1gkm 1

p'bDk, ;[DBk, ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;sp'bDk, ;[DBk, ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;sp'bDk, ;[DBk, ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;sp'bDk, ;[DBk, ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;sp'bDk, ;[DBk, ns/ gzikph GkFk dh Bcak;s

gzikph fJe pj[s tZv/GkJhuko/dh GkFk j?. gzikph GkFk d/nkb/-d[nkb/nkohnk s/r?o-nkohnk GkFktkIdk M[owN fgnk j'fJnk j?, go c/o th gzikph GkFk dh nkgDh fBt/ebh gSkD ekfJw j?feT[Ife gzikph dh nkgDh;[szso GkFkJh pDso j?.

GkFk ftfrnkB wzfBnk ik u[Zek j? . GkFk ftfrnkBh GkFk nfsnzs rz[Mbdko wzBd/j'J/, GkFkdhnkIj/mbhnkIgoskI ;wMD ftu i[ZN/j'J/jB . T[go'It/fynkIskI;k j?okBh j[zdh j?fe fJe nDgVQnkdwh thwks-GkFk d/ftnkeoB d/T[ukoB B/wkI ikDB s'IfpBk nkgDh wks-GkFk ;jh-;jh p'bd/ns/;wMd/jB .go, T[j nkgDh wks-GkFk dhnkIpkohehnkIs/y{phnkIdk toDB BjhIeo ;ed/. fJj ezw GkFk-ftfrnkBh eodkj?.

GkFk f;fynk d/uko gZXo wzB/rJ/jB L

(1) ;[DBk s/;wMDk

(2) p 'bDk

(3) gVQBk

(4) fbyDk

fJjBkIukokIgZXokIdk nkg; ftu pVk B/V/dk ;zpzX j?. fJ; soQkIth fejk ik ;edk j?fe fJj ;ko/gZXofJe d{i/Ts/nkXkfos jB . id'IGkFk dk ;o{g gVB s/fbyD se fte;s BjhI;h j'fJnk skI;kok ezw p'bD s/;wMD se jh ;hfws ;h . nkfd ekb ftu wB[Zy p'b e/nkgDh rZb fJe d{i/se gj[zukT[Idk ;h, T; d/;kEh ;[De/e[M noE b?b?Id/;B . GkFk dk fbysh o{g pj[s pknd ftu j'Id ftu nkfJnk .

GkFk f;fynk dk gfjbk gVkn ;[DBk s/;wMDk jh j?. fBZe/pZfunkIdh GkFk f;fynk fJE'Ijh nozG j[zdhj?. ;[DB s/;wMD dk ezw Bkb'IBkb ubdk j?. wB[Zy ;wkie kDh j?. T[;dh o'iawok dh fizdrh ;kXkoB p'b-

ukb okjhIjh B/go/Q uVQdh j?. wZB[y nkgD/gfotko, r[nkYh, dcaso, rbh-w[Zjb/, jo EkI, jo y/so ftu nkgDhj'Id nkgDh p'b-ukb okjhIjh ekfJw oydk j?. ni'e/;w/Iftu w[ekpb/d/fJwfsjkBkIftu Y[et/Iftnesh dh u'DeoB ;w/I, foFs/Bks/i'VB ;w/I, nkg;h w[bkeks ns/ftuko-tNkIdo/ tX/o/wZjst fdsk ik fojk j?.

eJh ftdtkBkIdk wZs j?fe fJe uzrh fbys, iapkBh ;'uh rJh w"fye ouBk jh skIj?. i/;kvh ;'u ;[bMhj'Jh s/;gAFN j?skI;kvh p'b ukb ns/fbyD ftu th ;gFNsk nkt/rh . GkFk dk ;zpzX jZEkIns/nZykIBkb'IezBkns/ihG Bkb tX/o/j?. p'b-ukb d[nkok GkFk fefonkswe o{g fwb ikIdk j?s/fJ; soQkIGkFk f;fynk dk ezw;fjb j'ikIdk j?. gVQB s/fbyD Bkb GkFk f;fynk ftu T[Bh :'rsk BjhItZXdh fizBh T[z; p'bD s/;[DB BkbtZXdh j? . fJj th fJe ;ukJh j? fe pZuk nkgDh wks-GkFk nkgD/nkb/-d[nkb/ ftu'Ip'b-ukb s/;[DB okjhIf;ydk j?. F[X fbys bJh F[X T[ukoB s/F[X GkFk ;[DB dh th b'V j?.


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GkFk fJe f;;Nw j?, fi; ftu eJh fJekJhnkIekoiFhb j[zdhnkIjB . X[Bh gZXo s'Ib?e/noE gZXo sefJj fJekJhnkI fit/I o{grqkw, tkekIF, T[gtke, tke nkfd GkFk d/ y/so ftu ftF/F :'rdkB gkT[IdhnkI jB .gzikph GkFk dk nkgDk fJe ;zrmB j?. fJ; d/uko nzr jB .

(1) GkFk dhnkIX[BhnkI

(2) Fpd ikIFpd o{g

(3) tke

(4) noE

GkFk dhnkIX[BhnkIi';koh GkFk dh p[fBnkd j?, fJ; Ts/jh gzikph GkFk dk ;kok pzX ;Ekfgs j?. d{iknzr Fpd L Fyd o{gkIdh ouBk X[BhnkId/tZy-tZy soshpkIs/ftT[Isk Bkb j[zdh j?. shik nzr j?tkeL FpdbVhpZX ;zpzXkIftu i[V e/tkekIIdk fBowkD eod/jB . u"Ek nzr noEl XBhnkI, FpdkIs/tkekId/T[jb/ezw eodk

j?. fJjBkIukokInzrkId/nkgD/-nkgD/tZyo/f;;Nw jB, go fJj fJZem/j'e/;w[Zu/o{g ftu GkFk dk pzX fsnkoeod/jB .

B'N LB'N LB'N LB'N LB'N L -Fpd-ouBk, tke-p'X pko/ikDekoh d{ik doik (;kfJezv Jhno) ftu fdZsh ikt/rh . go, Fpd-ouBk dk T[b/y s[jk jZEb/gkm ftu th fwb/rk .

fJE/;kvk ;zpzX gzikph GkFk d/X[Bh pzX Bkb j?. f;b/p; w[Zy oyd/j'J/jZEb/fjZ;/ftu fJ; T[go jhuouk ehsh ikt/rh . X[Bh GkFe ;zouBk dh p[fBnkdh s/S'Nh s'IS'Nh fJekJh j?. jo fe;w dhnkIntkikI X[Bhfejk ikIdk j? . fJj f;oca wB[Zyh ;zx ftu'I jh fBebdhnkI jB . fJjBkI X[BhnkI tZyo/ s/ fByVt/I o{g ftugfjukfDnkIik ;edk j? . go, n;hI fJZebQh-fJZebQh X[Bh BjhIT[ukod/;r'IX[BhnkIdk ;w{j, i' rZbpks ftuFpdkItkIr ezw nkT[Idk j?l T[ukod/jkI. id'Ife;/]k; GkFk dkfJo/ftu e'Jh X[Bh fJe yk; ;EkB rqfjD eo bt/

skIT[j fJe ftF/F X[Bh pD ikIdh j?. gzikph GkFk dk p[fBnkdh gXZo X[BhnkIjB . id'In;hIgzikph GkFk p'bfdnkIwz{j ftZu'ItZy-tZy soQkIdhnkIntkiakIT[ukod/jkIskIT[j ntkikIX[Bh-sozrkId/o{g ftu nZr'I;o's/d/ezBkIsegj[zudhnkIjB ns/;o's/ezBkIokjhIT[jBkIntkikI ;[D e/nkgD/fdwkr okjhIp[bko/dh rZb ;wM b?Idk j?.fJj T[ZuhnkI-BhthnkI, e'wb s/ys nktkikIjh X[BhnkIjB . X[BhnkId/nkgD/e'Jh noE BjhIjz[d/, go T[jBkId/;z:'r Bkb pDB tkb/FpdkId/noE j[zd/jB .

i/n;hIrj[Bkb ftukohJ/skIfJj fejk ik ;edk j?fe ;kv/nkgD/wz{j d/p'bD tkb/;ohoe nzrkIs'IeJh soQkIdhnkIX[BhnkIg?dk j';edhnkIjB . eJh soQkIdhnkInktkiakIT[uko ;ed/jkI, go fJj ;kohnkI;koEeX[BhnkIBjhIj'DrhnkIfeT[Ife f;ocaT[j X[BhnkIjh GkFk X[BhnkIjz[dhnkIjB fijVhnkInoE g{oB s/fByVthnkI

j[zdhnkIjB . jo GkFk nkgDh b'V nB[;ko GkFk X[BhnkIu[D b?Idh j?, i'tZy-tZy soshp nB[;ko ftT[IspZX j'e/;koh GkFk dk fBowkD eodhnkIjB .

gzikph X[BhnkIr[ow[yh fbgh ftu nzfes ehshnkIikIdhnkIjB . fJj j'o fbghnkI ftu th fbyhnkIik;edhnkIjB, go T[; n;hIX[Bh BjhIefj ;ed/feT[Zfe nZyo X[Bh BjhIj[zdk . T[j skIX[Bh dk fbysh o{gdo;kT[D tkbk fbgh fuzB jz[dk j?. X[Bh skIwZB[y d/w{zj s'IT[ukoh j'Jh fJe ;koEe nktkiaj[zdh j?.

wB[Zyh GkFk d/p'bkIdh nktkiadk nfXn?B eoB bJh X[BhnkId/G"fse YkIu/dk nfXn?B ehsk ikIdk j?.;kv/c/cfVnkIftu'pkjo fBebdh ;kj dh jtk ;kvhnkIBk;kId/S/e s/;kv/w{zj g'b d/nzr fit/I, ;zx, xzvh, ekI,skb{, dzd, p[bQ, ihG, Bkd, szdkInkfd GkFk-X[BhnkI T[ukoB ftu fet/I;jkJh jz[d/jB < ns/T[ukohnkIX[BhnkIdhnkIbfjokItk:{wzvb ftu c?b e/;o's/d/ezBk se fet/Igjz[udhnkIjB


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X[BhnkIdhnIfszB jkbskIj[zdhnkIjB L

(1) X[BhnkIdk T[ukoB

(2) X[BhnkIdk ;zuko(3) X[BhnkIdh ;[DB fefonk

fJBQkIfszBkI nkXko pDk e/GkFk X[BhnkIdh gSkD, ;EkgBk s/tor tzv ehsh ik ;edh j?.

X[Bhnk I dk T[ukoB LX[Bhnk I dk T[ukoB LX[Bhnk I dk T[ukoB LX[Bhnk I dk T[ukoB LX[BhnkI dk T[ukoB L

T[ukoB nzrkIftu c/cV/, ;[o szdk, ihG, skb{, dzd nkfd jB . T[ukoB fefonk ftu ;ko/nzr fijV/fjbi[b eod/jB ns/nkgD/;EkB s'InZr/fgZS/j';ed/jB, T[jBkI;eowe T[ukoB;eowe T[ukoB;eowe T[ukoB;eowe T[ukoB;eowe T[ukoBfejk ikIdk j?fijV/T[ukoe nzr nkgD/;EkB s/;fEo jB Gkt i'nZr/fgS/BjhIj';ed/T[jBkIneowe T[ukoBneowe T[ukoBneowe T[ukoBneowe T[ukoBneowe T[ukoBfejk ikIdkj?. Bk skIfJZebQ/;eowe nzr e'Jh X[Bh g?dk eo ;ed/jB ns/Bk jh fJZeb/neowe nzr X[Bh g?dk eo ;ed/

jB . X[Bh g?dk eoB ftu d'BkIjh fe;wkId/T[ukoB nzrkIdk ftF/F :'rdkB j?.X[Bhnk I dk ;zuko LX[Bhnk I dk ;zuko LX[Bhnk I dk ;zuko LX[Bhnk I dk ;zuko LX[BhnkI dk ;zuko L

fJ; jkbks ftu T[jBkIntkikIdk nfXn?B ehsk ikIdk j?i'p[bko/d/T[ukoB nzrk s'Ig?dk j'e/;o's/d/ezBk se ;zukfos j[zdhnkIjB .

X[Bhnk I dh ; [DB fefonk LX[BhnkI dh ;[DB fefonk LX[Bhnk I dh ; [DB fefonk LX[BhnkI dh ;[DB fefonk LX[Bhnk I dh ; [DB fefonk L

fJ; d/nzsors ezBk d[nkok nktkiabfjokId/rqfjD s/ fJjBkId/;[B/j/ ftu spdhbh dk nfXnk?Behsk ikIdk j?.

GkFk dhnkIX[BhnkI d'tZvhnkIFq/DhnkIftu tzfvnk ikIdk j?L

(1) yzvh X[BhnkI

(2) nyzvh X[BhnkI

yzvh X[BhnkI Lyzvh X[Bhnk I Lyzvh X[BhnkI Lyzvh X[Bhnk I Lyzvh X[BhnkI L yzvh X[BhnkIT[jBkIGkFk X[BhnkI fejk ikIdk j? fijVhnkIFpdkI ftu ;[szso s"o s/ftuoB d/;woE jz[dhnkIjB . gzikph dhnkIyzvh X[BhnkIe, y, u, S, s, E nkfd jB . T[dkjoB L

ekb & e O nk O b

fJ; ftu fszB X[BhnkIjB, fJj ;kohnkIdh yzvh X[BhnkIjB .

nyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[BhnkI L T[j X[BhnkIfijBkI p'bkIftu'IfBy/V e/ftFb/fFs BjhIehsk ik ;edk . fJj Fpd-

p'bkI ftu ;[szso s"o s/ ftuoB dh ;wZoEk BjhIoydhnkI . fJj f;ocaFpdkI ftu jh ftuo ;edhnkIjB .T[dkjoB L wkI, nzr, nZr .

fpzdh ( I ) Lfpzdh ( I ) Lfpzdh ( I ) Lfpzdh ( I ) Lfpzdh ( I ) L fNZgh ( z) s/nXZe ( Z), nfij/nyzvh X[Bh fuzB jB i';[szso o{g ftu BjhIftuo ;ed/.fJjBkInyzvh X[BhnkId/cb;o{g jh FpdkIftu Bkf;esk, pb, ;zrw s/;[o ;Ekfgs jz[dh j?.

gzikph yzvh X[Bhnk I Lgzikph yzvh X[Bhnk I Lgzi kph yzvh X[Bhnk I Lgzikph yzvh X[Bhnk I Lgzikph yzvh X[BhnkI L

gzikph yzvh X[BhnkIdhnkId'Fq/DhnkIjB L

(1) ;to|;Po

(2) ftnziB


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nyzvh X[Bh ftu pb, Bkf;esk, ;[o s/;zrw frDhnkI ikIdhnkIjB .

;to|;Po L;to|;Po L;to|;Po L;to|;Po L;to|; Po L fijBkIX[BhnkId/T[ukoB ;w/Ijtk o[ektN ofjs fBek; eo/, T[j ;to jB . ;to T[j yzvh

X[Bh j?fi; d/T[ukoB ;w/Ic/cfVnkIftu'Ipkjo nkT[Idh jtk ;to szs{nkI ezpkT[Idh j'Jh fpBkIfe;/o[ektN d/wz{j g'b okjhIpkjo fBebdh j?. fJ; bJh ;to p/o'e T[uko/ikId/jB . gzikph d/d; ;to jB .

eJh GkFk ftfrnkBh fJzi fbyd/jB L

Jh, fJ, T[T{, J/, T, n?, n, nk, n".

e[M fJ; soQkIL

fJ, Jh, J/, n?, n, nk, n", T[, T{, U .

fJj d; ;to fto'X ftu nk e/noE rN eod/jB fi; Bkb FpdkI, noEkI ftu nzso T[gidk j?fit/IL

Jh|fJ yho|fyo ghV|fgV

n|nk jZb|jkb ;e|;ke

J/|n? ;/o|;?o w/b|w?b nkfd .

r[ow[yh fbgh ftu fszB ;to J fuzB Bkb fby/ikId/jB ns/uko ;to n fuzB Bkb ns/fszB ;toT fuzB Bkb fby/ikId/jB feT[Ife r[ow[yh dh toBwkbk|toDwkbk ftu T, n, J fszB jh ;to-tkje nZyo ikI

fuzB jB . fJjBkId; ;tokI fbyD tk;s/gfjbkIth fJe Yzr ubs ;h . T[; w[jkoBh efjzd/;B . fJ;w[jkoBh ftu nZyokIdh soshp ftu caoe ;h . w[jkoBh dh soshp fJj ;h L

n, nk, fJ, Jh, T[, T{, J/, n?, U, n"(nz, nkI) .

;tokIdk wZjst fJ; bJh th j?fe GkFk d/p'bD dh fefonk ftu ;tokIs'IfpBkIftnziB T[uko/BjhIik;ed/. ;to w"fye th j[zd/jB s/Bk;eh th i/;kj-Xkok w{zj okjhIbzxdh j?skI;to w"fye jB i/eo ;kj dh jtkfJe't/b/Bk;eh g'b okjhIth fBebdh j?skI;to Bk;eh j[zd/jB .

;tokId/T[ukoB t/b/p'b okj d/o{g ns/nkeko ftu spdhbh jz[dh ofjzdh j?, go w[Zy s"o s/;tokId/torheoB bJh d'nzrkI nkXko pDkfJnk ikIdk j?L

(1) ihG dh ;fEsh (2) p[bQkId/nkeko

(1) ihG dh ;fEsh L(1) ihG dh ;fEsh L(1) ihG dh ;fEsh L(1) ihG dh ;fEsh L(1) ihG dh ;fEsh L fJ; nkXko s/gzikph ;to fszB torkIftu tzv/ikId/jB L

(1) w{job/;to L Jh, J/, n?(2) ftub/;to L fJ, T, n, nkI

(3) wrob/;to L T[, U, n"

(2) ihG dh T[ukJh L(2) ihG dh T[ukJh L(2) ihG dh T[ukJh L(2) ihG dh T[ukJh L(2) ihG dh T[ukJh L fJ; nkXko s/gzikph d/;to gzi torkIftu tzv/ikId/jB L

(1) T[Zu/L Jh, T{

(2) wZXT[Zu/L J, T[

(3) wMb/L J/, n, U

(4) wZX Bht/IL n?, n"


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(5) BhtkIL nk

(2) p[bQk I d/ nkeko L(2) p[bQk I d/ nkeko L(2) p[bQk I d/ nkeko L(2) p[bQk I d/ nkeko L(2) p[bQk I d/ nkeko L

;tokId/T[ukoB t/b/p[bQkIdh ;fEsh d/nkXko s/;to r'b ikIr'bkJh ofjs d'torkIftu tzv/ikId/jB L

(1) r'b, T[, T{, U, n"

(2) r'bkJh ofjs L fJ, Jh, J/, n?, n, nk

eJh tko wksok d/nkXko s/th ;to bx{s/dhox tor ftu tzfvnk ikIdk j?. bx{s/dhox wksokIBkb yzvh X[BhnkIdk T[ukoB S'Nk ns/dhox wksokIBkb bzpk j'ikIdk j?.

gzikph dhnkIwksokI L

(1) bx{L fJ, T, n (f, -, w[esk)

(2) dhox L Jh, J/, n?, nk, n", U, T{, ( h, /, ?, k, ", ', {)

ftnziB X[Bhnk I LftnziB X[Bhnk I LftnziB X[Bhnk I LftnziB X[Bhnk I Lftn ziB X[BhnkI L T[j X[BhnkIfijBkI T[ukoB ;w/Ic/cfVnkIftu'IfBebdh jtk , w{zj d/fe;/Bk fe;/;EkB s/o'fenk ikIdk j?skIT[j nzr jtk pkjo eYD ftu ;jkJh jz[dk j?. fJj T[ukoB nzr ihG, ezmh, skb{,dzd s/j'Im jB . ftnziB X[BhnkId/T[ukoB ftu fijBkInzrk dk ekoi xZN j[zdk j?, T[jBkI ;[;s T[ukoe fejkikIdk j?ns/fijV/T[ukoB nzr tX/o/fefonk-Fhb ofjzd/jB, T[jBkIdhnkIftnziB X[BhnkIL

e y r x C

u S i M R

N m v Y D

s E d X B

g c p G w

o b V ; j

fJ; ftu brkI-wksokI(nk, fJ, Jh, T[T{, U, n", J/n?)l ;jkfJe fuzB fpzdh ( I), fNZgh ( z) nZXe( Z), g?o ftu g?D tkb/toB Gkt d[Zs nyo (j, o, t), g?o ftu fpzdh tkb/toB F, ya, F, ia, ca, ba, ;to tkje

T, ;, J nkfd toBkIdh frDsh ftu Fkwb BjhajB .

r[ow[yh toBwkbk ftu fotkih s"os/x, M, Y, X , G nZyo fby/ikId/jB . go, ni'eh y'i nB[;ko fJj

gzi nZyo gzikph X[BhnkIdh shfBXsk BjhIeod/. fJjBkIdh EkIgzikph ;[o dhnkIi'nyzvh X[BhnkIjB, T[jBkIdktoDB ehsk ikIdk j?.

ftnziBkIdh tZy-tZy Fq/DhnkIftu tor tzv d'nkXkokIs/ehsh ik ;edh j?L

(1) T[ukoB ;EkB (2) T[ukoB Yzr

T[ukoB ;EkB LT[ukoB ;EkB LT[ukoB ;EkB LT[ukoB ;EkB LT[ukoB ;EkB L nB[;ko gzikph ftnziB T[ukoB ;EkBkIs'IT[uko/ikId/jB . ;kv/w{zj ftu j'Im, dzd,skb{, ;zx, ekI, ezm nkfd nfij/nzr jB fijV/T[ukoB ftu wdd eod/jB L

j' Imh ftn ziB Lj'Imh ftnziB Lj' Imh ftn ziB Lj'Imh ftnziB Lj'Imh ftn ziB L g, c, p, G, w, j'Imh ftnziB jB . fJjBkId/t/b/;kj dh jtk p[bQkIokjhIo'e e/, c/oSfvnk ikIdk j?.


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dzsh ftnziB Ldzsh ftnziB Ldzsh ftnziB Ldzsh ftnziB Ldzsh ftn ziB L s, E, X, B, b, o, ; dzsh ftnziB jB . fJjBkI T[ukoB t/b/;kj dh jtk ihG dhB'e d[nkok T[gob/dzdkId/fgSb/gk;/o'e e/, c/o pkjo eZfYnk ikIdk j?. s, E, d, F[X dzsh ftnziB jB s/pkehnk dk T[ukoB dzsh gmkoh j?.

T[bN ihGh LT[bN ihGh LT[bN ihGh LT[bN ihGh LT[bN ihGh L N, m, v, D, b, V, T[bN ihGh ftnziB jB . fJjBkId/T[ukoB t/b/;kj dh jtk ihGdh B'e g[Zmh j'e/T[gob/dzdkId/nzdo ;yas skb{Bkb ik brdh j?. eJh tko i[V e/jtk o'edh j?ns/ihGj/mkInkT[Ds/jh X[Bh dk T[ukoB j[zdk j?.

skbth Lskbth Lskbth Lskbth Lskbth L u, S, i, R, F, M skbth ftnziB jB . fJjBkIX[BhnkId/T[ukoB ;w/I;kj dh jtk dzd gmkos'I;yas skb{d/ftueko ihG d/pb/v okjhIo'fenk ikIdk j?ns/ihG j/mkIs/jh X[Bh dk T[ukoB j[zdk j?.

ezmh Lezmh Lezmh Lezmh Lezmh L e, y, r, M, x ezmh ftnziB jB . fJjBkIX[BhnkI T[ukoB ;w/IihG dk fgSbk gk;k e'wb skb{Bkb ;goF eoe/;kj dh jtk o'edk j?ns/ihG nkgDh EkIs/nkT[D s/jh ezmh X[BhnkIdk T[ukoB g{ok j[zdk

j?.;[o:zsoh L;[o:zsoh L;[o:zsoh L;[o:zsoh L;[o:zsoh L j ftnziB X[Bh dk T[ukoB ;EkB ezm|xzvh j?. fJ; X[Bh d/T[ukoB ;w/I;kj dh jtk o[edh

BjhIid'Ife rb/dh EkIszr jh jz[dh j?. ihG E'VQh fijh T[go T[mdh j?. fJ; bJh fJ; ;[o-:zsoh ftnziBfejk ikIdk j?.

ftnziB Fq/Dh dh tor tzv dk d{ik nkXko T[ukoB Yzr j?.

T[ukoB YzrkI th d'GkrkIftu tzfvnk ikIdk j?L

(1) ;goFh|vet/I

(2) n;goFh|nvet/I

vet/I|;goFh Lvet/I|;goFh Lvet/I|;goFh Lvet/I|;goFh Lvet /I|;goFh L fijBkIftnziBkId/T[ukoB ftu T[ukoe g"DXkok g{oh soQkIo'e b?Id/jB, T[jBkIvet/IftnziB fejk ikIdk j?. vet/IftnziB brGr ;ko/jh T[ukoB ;EkBkITs/T[uko/ikId/jB . gzikph dhnkIgzdoQkIX[BhnkIvethnkIjB fit/IL g, c, J, s, E, d, N, m, v, u, S, i, e, y, r .

nvet/Invet/Invet/Invet/Invet/I|noX ;goFh LnoX ;goFh LnoX ;goFh LnoX ;goFh LnoX ;goFh L fijBkI ftnziBkId/ T[ukoB ftu g"DXkok xZN tZX o[ektN gkJh ikIdh j?,T[jBkI nvet/IftnziB fejk ikIdk j?. gzikph ftu u'djkIftnziB X[BhnkInvethnkIjB fit/Iw, t, B, b, ;,o, D, b, V, R, ;, :, C, j .

gzikph d/ e[M ftn ziBkI dh tos'I- ftT [Is Lgzikph d/ e[M ftn ziBkI dh tos 'I- ftT[Is Lgzikph d/ e[M ftn ziBkI dh tos'I- ftT [Is Lgzikph d/ e[M ftn ziBkI dh tos 'I- ftT[Is Lgzikph d/ e[M ftn ziBkI dh tos 'I- ftT [Is L

(1) C s/R dh tos'Ij[D pj[s xZN j[zdh j?. nfij/FpdkIIftu C dh EkIr ns/R dh EkIitosD dh o[uh tXdh ik ojh j?fit/IL

ezCD L ezrB

f;zC L f;zr

izR L izi

*(2) C, R, D, V, ftnziB FpdkId/nozG ftu ed/th BjhItos/ikId/.


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(3) j dh X[Bh Ne;kbh gzikph ftu e/tb FpdkId/nkozG ftu jh T[ukoh ikIdh j?. FpdkId/ftukb/ns/nzs ftu jkjk fbfynk ikIdk j?l go fJ; dk T[ukoB j BjhIj[zdk ;r';[o ftu pdb ikIdkj?.

(4) j dh tos'Id/fB:w tZy-tZy T[gGkFktkIftu tZy-tZy jB . Fpd d/nzs tkbk j f;ocabfjzdhT[gGkFk ftu jo ;fEsh ftu T[ukfonkIikIdk j?, pkeh T[gGkFktkIftu BjhI.

(5) D, b, o, V, s'IfgS'ID dk T[ukoB BjhIjz[dk .

(6) : FpdkI d/nzs ftu ed/ BjhI nkT[Idk . ;z;feqs FpdkI-Gkosh:, ftfdnkb:, fjwkb:, i:nkfd dk gzikph T[ukoB Gkosh, ftfdnkbk, fjwkbk s/i?j'frnk j?. nzoGbk s/ftuekobk :j[D i ftu pdb frnk j?fit/IL

:[r-i[r, ;z:'r-;zi'r

(7) FpdkId/ftueko nkT[D tkb/nZX-;to :, t pj[s/jkbkskIftu ;to ftu pdb rJ/jB Lt[:efs L ftnesh

;tkwh L ;[nkwh

itkB L i[nkB

(8) gzikph ftu ;zi[rs ftnziB pj[s xZN T[uko/ikId/jB . e[M ;zi[rs o{g gzikph T[uko ftu iao{ofwbd/jB fit/I

Fos, ;Ve, pocankfd .

(9) b dh X[Bh fbys ftu nzfes BjhIehsh ikIdh, go g{oph gzikph d/T[ukoB ftu fJj iao{o fwbdh

j?. e[M nfij/Fpd th jB fijBk dh EkIb, d/tosD Bkb noE pdb ikId/jB . fitI/L

'bh L 'bh d L db

;tokI s/ ftn ziBkI ftubk w{b nzso L;tokI s/ ftn ziBkI ftubk w{b nzso L;tokI s/ ftn ziBkI ftubk w{b nzso L;tokI s/ ftn ziBkI ftubk w{b nzso L;tokI s/ ftn ziBkI ftubk w{b nzso L

;to ftnziB

( 1) ;to fJZeb/-fJZeb/T[uko/ik ;ed/jB . ftnziB ;tokIdh wdd s'Ipr?o BjhIT[uko/ik ;ed/

(2) ;to ;[szso X[BhnkIjB . ftnziB gokXhB X[BhnkIjB .

(3) ;to t/b/ ;kj dh jtk fpBkIo[ektN ftnziB t/b/;kj dh jtk o[e e/s/orV e/pkjo

pkjo fBebdh j?. fBebdh j?.(4) ;tokIdk T[ukoB d/o se j';edk j?. ftnziB dk T[ukoB d/o se BjhIj';edk .

(5) ;to tZX r{zidko j[zd/jB . ftnziB xN r{zidko jB .

(6) ;to w{zj d/fe;/ftF/F EkIs'IBjhI ftnziB ]k;-yk; EktkIs'Ijh T[uko/ikId/jB .T[uko/ikId/.

nyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[BhnkI Lnyzvh X[Bhnk I Lnyzvh X[BhnkI Lnyzvh X[BhnkI L

nyzvh X[BhnkIT[j jB fijBkI p'bkIns/T[uko yzvkIs'Ityok BjhIehsk ik ;edk . nyzvh X[Bhnka, yzvhX[BhnkI(;to s/ ftnziBkId/nk;o/ s/jh T[ukohnkIik ;edhnkIjB) nyzvh X[BhnkI ftu pb, Bkf;esk, ;[o,

;zrw nkfd frDhnkIikIdhnkIjB .


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pb Lpb Lpb Lpb Lpb L pb dh j'Id Bkb ;zpzXs GkFk dh fJekJh d/noEkIftu nzso g?dk j[zdk j?. gzikph GkFk ftu fJ;dh noE g{oB j'Id j?. id'In;hIe'Jh tke p'bd/jkIskItke d/;ko/FpdkIdhnkIX[BhnkIikIT[uko yzvkIT[go fJe'fijk pb BjhId/Id/. fi; X[Bh T[Zs/tZX }'o d/Id/jkI, T[j pb j?. pb dk w[Zy ezw Fpd ftub/nzFk ftu'Ife;/fJe

nzF T[Zs/]k; }'o d/e/T[; d{finkInzFkIBkb'IfBy/VBk j?. fit/IL

rbk s/rbk

rbk L ezm

rbk L rbkT[Dk

d't/IFpdkId/i'V fJe'fij/jB, go rbkT[D tkb/rbk dk T[ukoB ezm tkb/rbk s'Ityok j?--T[;T[go pb fdsk frnk j?. fJ; pb d/ekoB jh rbk dk noE rbkT[Dk j?. r[ow[yh ftu fJ; pb nzfeseoB bJh e'Jh fuzBQBjhIj?, go nzso d;D bJh n tkX{i'V ;ed/jkIfit/IL

rbk L rbknfJe fto'X i'V/ti'I;Ekfgs ehsk ik ;edk j?.

fJe j'o T[dkjoB L sbk - i[Zsh dk sbk

sbk - sbkp (pb eoe/)

tyo/It/IbJh sbk - sbkn

gzikph ftu pb dh ftTI[s fJe j'o ;zr ftu th t/yh ik ;edh j?. gzikph d/eJh T[uko yzvkItkb/FpdkIftu pb nkw s"o s/bzw/dhox T[uko yzv s/j[zdk j?fit/IL ftuko, ;[nkd .

fJjBkId'jkIFpdkIftu pb--uk ns/nk T[uko yzv s/;Ekfgs j?.

fJ; s'IfJbktk pb dh ;gFZN s/T[GothIj'Id d[Zs ftnziBk d/;EkB jB . r[ow[yh ftu d[zs ftnziBkInZXe Bkb fbfynk ikIdk j?. nZXe fJe noE G/de T[uko j?Gkt nZXe brkT[D Bkb noE pdbdk j? fit/IL

gsk L gZsk

febk L feZbk

;dh L ;Zdh

;ik L ;Zik

(9) Bkf;esk L fJj fJe noEg{oB nyzvh fJekJh j?. Bkf;esk d/Bkb FpdkIftu noEkIdh f;oiBk

j[zdh j?. fto'Xh i[ZNkIdh ftXh Bkb Bkf;esk dh ;koEesk ;gFZN j'ikIdh j?fit/ILir - izr

j; - jz;

sd - szd

tos'- tos'I

gzikph ftu Bkf;esk nzfes eoB bJh r[ow[yh fbgh ftu fpzdh s/fNgh d/fuzB ufbs jB . fJjfuzBQnkgD/nkg tos'I, ftu BjhInk ;ed/. fJjBkIdh tos'Igzikph ;tokId/Bkb ;zi[rs j'e/jh ehsh ik ;edhj?. fJjBkI ;tokIs'ItZy eoe/BjhItofsnk ik ;edk feT[Ife ;to jh Bkf;esk XkoB eod/jB . go, d'jkIdh

tos'Idk x/ok tZy-tZy j?.


12/78

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r[ow[yh fbgh ftu brkI-wksokId/Bkw s/fuzBQfJj jB L

w[esk - n

ezBk - kf;jkoh - f

fpjkoh - h

neV - [

d[b?IeV - {

bkI - /

d[bk I - ?

j'VkI - 'eB'Vk - "

fJjBkIbrkI-wksokId/nB[;ko jh fNZgh s/fpzdh d/tos'I-x/o/pDkJ/ikId/jB .

fNZgh LfNZgh LfNZgh LfNZgh LfN Zgh L

w[esk - dzd, gzX, izr, szd, ezX

f;jkoh - fJzi, fizd, fgzi, fezi, fgzv

neV - ;[zv, w[zi, rz[d

d{b?IeV - o{z, yz{vh, Xz{nkI, oz{nkI, ez{i, rz{i

fJE/fJj rZb toDB:'r j?fe T fuzBQBkb id'In"IeV s/d{b?IeV brkI-wksokIi'VhnkIikdhnkIjB skIfNZgh BjhIbrdh . fit/IL T{Ix, T[Irb, T{zXk, fiT[Idk .

fpzdh Lfpzdh Lfpzdh Lfpzdh Lfpzdh L

Bkf;esk bJh fpzdh dh tos'Ij/mkIfbyhnkIbrkI-wksokIBkb j[zdh j?.

ezBk - vkIr

fpjkoh - BhId

bkI - r/Id

d[bk ItK - w?I

j'Vk - G'Id{

eB"Vk - uek

;[o;[o;[o;[o;[o

gzikph ;[o wBZ[yh nktk} Bkb ;zpzXs j?. fJj w{zj g'b d/T[ukoBh nzrk d[nkok Bkd-szdk dh EoEokjNftu'Ig?dk j[zdh j?. Bkd-szdk dh ezpDh ftu'Irsh d/T[uko-uVkn Bkb T[IuhnkIBhthnkIntk}kIg?dk j[zdhnkIjBfijBkIftu'I;zrhse b?n g?dk j[zIdh j?. Bkd szdk dhnkIezpDhnkIdh rsh dk f;ZNk jh ;[o jB . ;[o dk Gktx/ok f;ocafJe T[uko-yzv jh jz[dk j?feT[Ife ;[o dk ;kok Gko fJe s'ItZX X[Bh-yzvkIs/fBoGo eodk j?. gzikph


13/78

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GkFk ftu ;[o dk pj[s finkdk wZjst j?. fJ; d/ekoB gzikph ;[okswe GkFk fejk ikIdk j?. ;[o gzikphGkFk dk gSkD fuzB j?. gzikph jh fJe nfijh GkFk j?fi; ftu ;[o dh ;koEe tos'Ij[zdh j?.

gzikph GkFk ftu ;[o dh gSkD eoB bJh e[M T[dkjoBkIL

xo, MkV{, Y'b, Xow, GkJh

fJjBkIFpdkId/wZ[Yb/nZyo x, M, Y, X G jB . fJj soshptko L

e, u, d, s, g X[BhnkIjB fijBkIBkb BhthI;[o fwbh j'Jh j?.

fJ;/soQkIL

wkx, wZM, dZ[X, bZG

fJjBkIFpdkId/nyhob/ftnziB x, M, Y, X, G ftnziB n;b ftu r, i, v, d, p jh jB fijBkIBkbT[Zuh ;[o fwbh j'Jh j?.

gzikph ftu fszB ;[o wzB/ikId/jB .

(1) BhthI;[o(2) wZXtosh ;[o

(3) T uh ;[o

Bhth I ;[oBhth I ;[oBhth I ;[oBhth I ;[oBhth I ;[o

BhthI;[o ;G s'IBhthIjz[dh j?. ;[o tkbk T[uko yzv ekcah bwe ikIdk j?. BhthI;[o BhthIskB-b?n s/;[DhikIdh j?. BhthI;[o dh T[uko wksok d{ihnkI;[okIBkb'Iiaok e[bzph j[zdh j?. T[dkjoB L

xo (e/n o)

GkJh (g nkJ/ k Jh)

MkV{(u n /V{)wZXtosh ;[o LwZXtosh ;[o LwZXtosh ;[o LwZXtosh ;[o LwZXtosh ;[o L

fJj BhthIs/Tuh ;[o d/dofwnkBh skb tkbh j[zdh j?. fJ; ;[o d;D bJh e'Jh fBFkBh nzfes ehshikIdh . T[dkjoB L

eVh (e n Vh) ;zrb dh eVh

gkVk ( g nk Vk) ftZE

TTTTTuh ;[o Luh ;[o Luh ;[o Luh ;[o Luh ;[o L

Tuh ;[o d{ihnkId'jkIBkb'ITuh j[zdh j?. ;[okswe T[ukoyzv, T[Zuh ;[o t/b/, d{ihnkI d'jkI;[okIBkb'IS'Nkj[zdk j?. Tuh ;[o tX/o/s/ias/fsZyh jz[dh j?. T[Zuh ;[o T[Zu/skB s/;[Dh ikIdh j?. T[dkjoB L

gkj - (g nk)ukj - (uk n)

gzikph ftu fJe T[uko-yzv ftu fJe'jh ;[o j[zdh j?ns/;[okswe T[uko-yzv pb tkbk j[zdk j?. ;[o s'Ipb tZy BjhIehsk ik ;edk feT[Ife ;[o s/pb d't/IfJe d{i/ftu fwb/j[zd/jB .

;zrw L;zrw L;zrw L;zrw L;zrw L

;zrw th fJe ;koEe nyzv X[Bh j?. fJj n;b ftu X[Bhnkswe jZd dh ftF/Fsk dk ;{ue j?. fJjGkt/IF[X o{g ftu p'bkId/T[ukoB-tkj dk T[j nzr skIBjhIj[zdh go ;fji/jh fSD-wkso u[Zg s'Ipknd T[ukoBftu nk obdh j?. fJj'jh ;zrw j?fit/IL

o'e'& Bk ikD fdU . o'e'Bk & ikD fdU[.


14/78

11

nF[XnF[XnF[XnF[XnF[X F[XF[XF[XF[XF[X

rn/ rJ/gVQDk gVQBk

eft eth

rfJnk frnk

nk:k nkfJnk

B?jo{ Bfjo{

gFskT[Dk gSskT[Dk

F?jo FfjoJ?Be n?Be

i/jk fijk

pu'Dk pukT[Dk

jzi{ jzM{

e/jVk fejVk

nzpo;o nzfwqs;o

ftfd:koEh ftfdnkoEh;kd{ ;kX{

wfs wZs

f;oh ;qh

d[Zd dZ[X

p'js pj[s

p?jdk pfj zdk

nr nZr

;[Ddk ;[DkT[Idk

;kd ;kfd

n';dk T[;dk

ukfjdk ukjhdk

p[bdk p[bT[Idk

fi:kdk finkdk

wz[v:k w[zfvnk

nF[XnF [XnF[XnF [XnF[X F[XF[XF[XF[XF[X

wBdo wzdoJ/fsjk;e fJfsjk;e

i:k ikfJnk

;?d FkfJd

G[yk G[Zyk

uub uzub

fJzMD fJziD

i/jVk fijVkfg:ko fgnko

f;r f;zr

Sops Fops

r/ph r'Gh

eo"Dk eokT[Dk

;[jok ;j[ok

Fk;sq FkFsoG?B G?D

ueq uZeo

F[pfuzse F[Gfuzse

;'jDk ;[jDk

;jhd Fjhd

d'VDk d"VDk

hfynk gohfynk

g?jo gfjo

fBZr fBZx

ghIr ghIx

i{iDk i{MDk

;/js f;js

e[Zi e[M

g"Xk g"dk

;to ns/ ftn ziB ;zp zXh nkw rbshnkI;to ns/ ftnziB ;zp zXh nkw rbshnkI;to ns/ ftn ziB ;zp zXh nkw rbshnkI;to ns/ ftnziB ;zp zXh nkw rbshnkI;to ns/ ftnziB ;zp zXh nkw rbshnkI


15/78

12


w/jBs fwjBs

XzXk XzdkmzYk mzvk

ihp ihG

pkjd pknd

;pk ;Gk

ikDDk ikDBk

fcoDk fcoBk

gVQkT[Bk gVQkT[DknBgVQ nDgVQ

d[fBnkI d[BhnkI

;w: ;wkI

okBh okDh

fpnkj ftnkj

pehb tehb

gkBh gkDh

fJws/jkB fJwfsjkB

ekb/i ekbi

nG:k; nfGnk;

v{zrk v{zxk

dkfyb dkyb

fpwko phwko

;j?sk ;jkfJsk

npo nzpo

uzxk uzrk

gohsw hsw

eowtko eqwtko

r:k frnk

c?dk ckfJdk

wkT[s w"s


nkJhnk nkfJnk

p/jhwkB p/JhwkBeko; ekoi

io{o }o{o

tosB gfotosB

itkJh ia[nkJh

rktDk rkT[Dk

pukt puk

fJikis fJ}kis;/whnk ;/thnkI

r:kBh frnkBh

fwohwkB ;qhwkB

gftsq gftZso

hGkFk gfoGkFk

fwsq fwsZo

nBdo nzdo

;[zdq ;[zdo

wkoE gowkoE

fuZsq fuZso

n?j;kB nfj;kBn?esk J/esk

nZebk fJZebk

eoDk eoBk

fJoyk Jhoyk

J?Be n?Be

uT[Vk u"Vk

J/efjok fJefjok

go/w /w

Fefs Fesh

Grfs Grsh


16/78

13


yzr yzx

ykfso ykson;BkB fJFBkB

ezrk ezxk

ukfjdk ukjhdk

w[;eb w[Feb

d'jokDk d[jokT[Dk

fBooEe fBokoEe

;{o: ;{oi


eko: ekoi

G//Yukb G/vukbfeqnk fefonk

p[b"Idk p[bkT[Idk

s?j sfj

nfJ;kB nfj;kB

c?dk cakfJdk

e'D e"D

fwoh w/ohgzikph GkFk dh Bcak;s Lgzikph GkFk dh Bcak;s Lgzikph GkFk dh Bcak;s Lgzikph GkFk dh Bcak;s Lgzi kph GkFk dh Bcak;s L

gzikph GkFk nkgD/Fpd-Gzvko tXkT[D bJh d{;ohnkIGkFktkIs'IFpd b?;edh j?, go Fpd b?D;w/fJ; rZb dk ftF/F fXnkB ofynk ikDk ukjhdk j?fe T[j gzikph w[jkto/d/m[Ze nB[;ko mhe o{g ftu tos/ik ;ed/j'D . fJj ;Zu j? fe gzikph GkFk dk jkiwk pVk do[;s ns/ fto;k r"otwJh j?, fJ; ftu T[od{,cako;h, nzro/ih s'fjzdh d/eJh Fapd ou-fwu rJ/jB . go, eJh b/ye ekjbh ftu d{;ohnkIGkFktkIftZu'Ie[Mn"y/Fpd nkgDhnkIouBktkIftu tos oj/jB, i'jw/Fk oVed/ofjzd/jB . fiE'Ise seBheh Fpdktkbh dk;zpzX j?fijBkIdk o{g gzikph ftu gfjbkIBjhIfwbdk, T[jBkI T[;/soQkIw{b o{g ftu b?b?Dk ukjhdk j?.

gzikph iB-;kXkoB dh GkFk j?. fJ; ftubh ;[Gktesk s/nwbh o{g p/b'V/gzvskT{nzF s'IpukT[D dhb'V j?. i/gkDh gkDh efjD Bkb ;odk j?skIT[; ib ikIBho efjD dh eh b'V j?. ;kvk T[d/F jo gZys'IGkFk dh F[Xsk dk fXnkB oyfdnkI, ftfdnkoEhnkI gzikph GkFk s'IikD{eotkT[Dk j?. FpdkIdh ;[uZih, Gkt T[ikro eoB tkbh s/;w/Id/nB[;ko Y[ethItos'Ij'Dh ukjhdh j?.

Fpd th ca?FB tkIr ;w/Id/phsD Bkb nkgDk o{g pdbd/, tos'Iftu ndbh pdbh eod/ns/Gkt dh;/X th pdb b?Id/ jB . ;w/I d/phsD Bkb Fpdktbh ftu j'fJnk BtkI gz[rko ns/ y[Fp{GkFk dh fizd-ikBjB . ;k GkFk d/Bt/Io{g d/;io/gD wkBDk ukjhdk j?.

jo GkFk dk ;ziwh j'Dk fJe uzrk ;[Gkn ikIr[D j?. fJe uzrk tesk T[j jh j[zdk j?i'E"V/Qs'IE'VQ/FpdkI

ftu pj[s e[M efj ikt/. FpdkIdk ;ziw ebkekoh j?. fJj io{oh BjhIfe i/;kv/e'b Fpd Gzvko y[bQk j?skIn;hIT[;dh p/b'Vh tos'Ieod/ikJhJ/. fit/IfJe szd nZr/fgZS/g?D Bkb ikIfJe szd fYZbh j'D Bkb ;koh skDhT[bM ikIdh j?, fst/I jh GkFk ftu e'Jh Fpd tZX tosD ikI mhe EkI f;o Bk tosD Bkb tke Bk e/tbftnkeofBe B/wkInB[;ko rbs j'ikIdk j?;r'IT[; d/Gkt rNkn ftu th nzso nk ikIdk j?. jo fJe Fpddh jo/e tkekIF dh nkgDh EkIj?. T[; EkIs'IT[yV e/T[j Bk e/tb nkgDkIcaoi jh yz[Mk ikt/rk ;r'IGkFk dh

Bcak;sftu th caoe nkt/rk fJ; bJh F[pd dk F[aX, ;ob, ;fGn s/Ne;kbh j'Dk nfsnzs iao{oh j?.

Fpd dk ftnkge Gzvko gzikph GkFk dh nwhoh ns/ftok;s dk wkD j?. fJ; d/ekoB fJfsjk;e,Xkofwe ns/;fGnkukoe jB . T[dkjoB bJh w{oy bJh eJh Fpd gzikph GkFk ftu w"i{d jB L w{V, gkrb,MQZbk, Tiv, vzro, T[b{, yofdwkr, ewneb, ep[ZX, p[XhjhD nkfd jB. fJ; s'IfJbktk--neb dk nzBk, gshb/


17/78

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dk YZeD, pkoQkIw[mhnkIdk, uzd GkB dk N/FB nkfd tkezF ;wkB noEkIftu tos/ikId/jB . wB[Zy ns/gF{nkId/fGzB fGzB goeko d/ykX gdkoEkIbJh eJh Fpd fwbd/jB . gF{-gzShnkId/wb gdkoE bJh th nbr-nbrFpdkIdk :'r ehsk ikIdk j?fit/IL r'po, r'jk, v;k (Bt-izw/eNo{dk), v';, fbZd (x'V/rZX/dh), b/v/( T{Im d/

), w/IwDk (peok, u{j/dhnkI), fpZm (gzShnkIfuVh, s'sk, ep{so, ekIdk nkfd) nkfd fJ; eko d/ftfGzB FpdkId/fwbD dk r[D fJ; GkFk ftu j?.

gzikph ;kfjs-Gzvko wB[Zy dhnkI o'}wok dhnkIb'VkI nEtk jktkI-GktkI, nk;-nzd/f;nkI, joy-;'r rNkT[D ns/;{yw Gkth ;kfjs ouB dh pj[s ;woEk oydk j?. ;k f;ocankgD/fgsoh XB r[o{rzqzE ;kfjp,;{cah-ekft ns/feZ;k-ekft s'IikD{j'D dh b'V j?.

j[D se kgs tX/o/gzikph ftnkeoBkIftu fJj jh dZf;nk frnk j?fe X[BhnkId/;w{j Bkb pDh GkFkdh ;koEe fJekJh Bz{Fpd fejk ikIdk j?. go, seBheh gZy ikIGkFk ftfrnkB dh fdqFNh s'IfJ; gfoGkFk pko/eJh ;wZf;nktkIyVQhnkIj'ikIdhnkIjB . T[dkjoB bJh fJe Fpd b?;ed/jkI---jZE-xVh . X[Bhnk d/;w{j

Bkb pDh fJekJh j?ns/;koEe j?. go, i/t/fynk ikt/skIfJj fJe Fpd BjhId'FpdkIdk ;w{j j?.Fpd dh fJe j'o gfoGkFk nB[;ko GkFk dh S'Nh sS'Nh ;koEe fJekJh Fpd fejk ikIdk j?. fJE/

T[dkjoB Fpd xo dh b?Id/jk . xo fJe Fpd j?, go xo'I th Fpd fejk ikIdk j?. xo'I Fpd ftu xoFpd Bkb fgS/so ( 'I) UIth ;koEe j?. b/feB UI( 'I) e'Jh Fpd BjhI. fJ;/soQkIekbk fJe Fpd j?. fJ;fgS/brk ezBk (k) th ;koEe j?. fJj g[fbzr, fJe tuB d/noE d/Idk j?, go nk (k) fJj Fpd BjhI. fJjBkId'jkIT[dkjoBkIs'IfJj ;gZFN j?fe T[gobhnkId't/IgfoGkFktkI;jh BjhI. fJj T[dkjoBkIfJj skI;gFZN eod/IdhnkIjB fe GkFk p'bD tkb/ns/fbyD tkb/Gkt/IFpd gSkDd/jB. go fJj BjhIikDd/fe Fpd eh j?

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SOL BA Program 1st Year Punjabi A Study Material In PDF

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