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SOL Preparationfor
World
History
Getting ready for the SOL
There are less than 80 questions on the SOL Exam
They are multiple choice questions
Some include maps & graphs
You have unlimited time in which to complete the test
Answer all questions, leave no question unanswered
The secret is in preparation, what is important to know
People and events shape our history
We will identify as many important people and events as possible in order to be prepared to respond successfully on the SOL
Let’s Begin
Be sure to use a highlighter to identify key information
Make notes and page references to you text book to access more details
Follow the slides and link the person or event with important knowledge
The slides, like the test follow a chronological sequence
We will do a practice test when we have finished
5 Great World Religions
JudaismChristianityIslamHinduismBuddhism
Christianity and Islam
2 largest religions of the worldChristianity- Jesus & the BibleIslam- Allah &the Koran, the
prophet Mohammed. 5 Pillars of Faith
Mono-theistic religionsLife after death or heaven
Geographical distribution of world’s major religions
Judaism (in Israel & North America)
Christianity (Europe, North & South America)
Islam (Middle East, Africa, & Asia)
Hinduism (Concentrated in India)
Buddhism (East and Southeast Asia)
World Religions
RenaissanceNot since the times of Greece
and Rome, had there been such a period of magnificence…the Dark Ages lasted for 800 years until the great wealth created by trade led to a period known as the Renaissance
Martin LutherSalvation by
faith aloneBible is
ultimate authority
All humans equal before God
John CalvinPre-destination
Faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic
Expansion of the Protest Church
Reformation (rise of Capitalism)
At first the Reformation divided countries of Europe
Religious intolerance led to warGradually, religious toleration
emerged, but first came the Counter Reformation of the Catholic Church
Edict of Nantes
Allows religious freedom to flourish in France
1st example of religious toleration, ideas will spread across Europe over the next few hundred years
Henry VIII of England
Reformation led by a Monarch
Creates the Church of England
Johannes Gutenberg
Leonardo da Vinci
Laws of Planetary MotionCopernicus
(heliocentric theory) to Kepler (LPM) to Galileo
Sun is the center of the universe
Galileo Proves Kepler’s work
His ideas rock the Catholic Church
Used telescope
Spanish Armada
William Shakespeare and the Globe Theater
European thinkers express new ideas
Age of Enlightenment brought together ideas of the Renaissance & the Scientific Revolution
New attitudes are shaped about society and individuals
The Enlightenment
Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world
Stimulated religious toleranceFueled democratic revolution
around the world
VoltaireReligious
toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism:the separation of church and state
Columbian Exchange
DiseasesDisease
kills a large segment of the indigenous population of America
Spanish in America
The Spanish conquest of the Americas reflect the influence of Spain on language, customs, & culture on another people
God, Glory, and Goldslavery
Civilization of Africa
Ghana- gold and saltEuropean trading post
along coastSlave trade
Plantation System
Agricultural system in the South. Cash crops like tobacco & cotton fuel slavery
Mercantilism
An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776 - Philadelphia
Absolutism
Divine Right Theory – power given to a King by God
This concept will clash with the ideas of the new modern philosophers of the 1600’s
Louis XIV & Peter the Great Absolute Monarchs
Louis XIV Peter The Great
Glorious RevolutionA “bloodless” revolutionGreater power of Parliament in
EnglandAn example of shared power
of the monarch and the peopleAmerican & French RevolutionNapoleon- Codes
James Watt improves the Steam Engine
Transportation
Locomotive is an important form of transportation that changes life in Europe
Robert Fulton’s steamboat speeds ocean travel
Commerce & Communication is enhanced (food supply improves)
Henry Bessemer
Process to make steel
Steel is cheaper to produce
People whose ideas and inventions change the worldSir Isaac NewtonEli WhitneyHenry BessemerLouis PasteurEdward JennerKarl Marx
Match their breakthroughs
Isaac Newton
Theory of Gravity
Laws of Motion
Writers advocate liberty and reason
Adam Smith, 1776 writes The Wealth of Nations, explains a free economy & Laissez Faire policies
Law of Self Interest-competition & supply and demand
Factories
Mercantilism
Food supply
Congress of Vienna
“The Sword” Giuseppe Garibaldi
Fought in the effort to unite Northern and Southern Italy
Otto von Bismarckand German Unification
Led Germany
Realpolitik all means are justified to achieve and hold power
Imperialism in Africa
Ottoman Empire
Carving up ChinaU.S. in
ChinaOpen Door
Policy of free trade in China with out conflict
Revolution in Russia
Rise of Communism led by Lenin…the Soviet Union formed
Continued by Joseph Stalin5-year plans for agriculture
and industry
The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles
Wilson’s 14 points
League of Nations
War Guilt Clause
World-wide depression follows WW I
Manhattan Project & the Atomic Bomb
Project to develop the atomic bomb in New Mexico
World War II
D-Day, Europe is liberatedIsland hopping across the
PacificMarshall Plan to rebuild
EuropeMacArthur rebuilds Japan
Cold War
The Berlin AirliftThe Marshall PlanTruman Doctrine – policy of
containmentNATO & Warsaw PactBerlin Wall erected in 1961
English domination of India ends after World War II
Gandhi & the idea of civil disobedience frees India of British rule after 200 years
Communist Leaders
Stalin leads Soviet Union
Mao rules China
Split
Spy planes discover that the soviets have placed missiles in Cuba (1962)
Kennedy orders a blockadeSoviets agreed to remove missiles if the
U.S. would agree not to invade Cuba and if they removed missiles from Turkey
United Nations
Apartheid
Apartheid, policy of racial segregation formerly followed in South Africa. The word apartheid means “separateness” in the Afrikaans language.
Fall of the Soviet Union 1989, satellite
nations forced democratic elections
Berlin Wall comes down
East & West Germany reunited
World’s Hot Spots The Middle East
Persian GulfOngoing
Middle East conflict
OilOPEC
European Common MarketProgress toward greater unity among the
12 member states of the European Community was mixed during 1991. Nevertheless, leaders of the member states, at a summit meeting in Maastricht, the Netherlands, in December, succeeded in agreeing on two treaties that committed them to monetary union by the end of the decade and gave the Community a clear political profile for the first time.
World Geography
Geographic features
RiversMountainsOceansHow they influence world
history