SOLAR CAR.doc

8/10/2019 SOLAR CAR.doc

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ABSTRACT

A solar vehicle is an electric vehiclepowered by a type

of renewable energy, by solar energy obtained from

solar panelson the surface (generally, the roof) of thevehicle !hotovoltaic (!") cells convert the Sun#s

energy directly into electrical energy Solar vehicles

are not practical day$to$day transportation devices at

present, but are primarily demonstration vehicles and

engineering e%ercises, often sponsored by government

agencies

Solar cars combine technology typically used in theaerospace, bicycle, alternative energyand automotiveindustries The design of a solar vehicle is severelylimited by the energy input into the car (batteries andpower from the sun) "irtually all solar cars ever builthave been for the purpose of solar car races, withnotable e%ceptions that include solar powered golf carsand utility vehicles

&i'e many race cars, the driver#s coc'pit usually onlycontains room for one person, although a few cars docontain room for a second passenger They containsome of the features available to drivers of traditionalvehicles such as bra'es, accelerator, turn signals, rearview mirrors (or camera), ventilation, and sometimescruise control A radio for communication with theirsupport crews is almost always included

Solar cars are often tted with gauges as seen inconventional cars Aside from 'eeping the car on theroad, the driver#s main priority is to 'eep an eye onthese gauges to spot possible problems Cars withoutgauges almost always feature wireless telemetry,which allows the driver#s team to monitor the car#s
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brakeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_car_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_racinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brakeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control


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energy consumption, solar energy capture and otherparameters and free the driver to concentrate ondriving

Contents

*ntroduction+ Spares &ist Bloc' -iagram . Circuit -iagram/ -escription

0 1ach Bloc' -escriptiona Solar !anelb Charging Circuitc Batteryd Switchese 2otors

3 2echanism4 Construction5 Conclusion6 Bibliography

*7TR8-9CT*87

7owadays, there are a variety of ine%pensive

. sophisticated Solar panels are available in the

mar'et *n which we introduced one of the !hotovoltaic

silicon cell type solar panel of +"olts with 0:atts


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rating These solar panels are used for solar charging

lights, for home appliances, etc

This solar car re;uires ma%imum supply

voltage of 9A7T*

T?@ - -iode 7/@@4 @@+ B Battery +" A @


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@ S Solar !anel +" 0: @@/ S: $

S:+

Toggle Switch -!-T @+

@0 Conn :ires Single

Stand

02trs

@3 2 2+ igh Tor;ue

-C 2otors

+"

@@R!2

@+

@4 $$ A%ial Rod 3 @+@5 $$ :heels @/@6 $$ Car Body $$ @

B&8CD -*AERA2


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/ -1SCR*!T*87


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This proFect mainly operates with the solar panel *n

this we are using +"olts 0:atts solar panel made up

of !hotovoltaic silicon cell array mounted in a rugged

anodiGed aluminum frame This panel was connected

to a battery through a charging circuit The charging

circuit consists of a single silicon diode for charging

purpose as well for reverse voltage protection for the

solar panel from the battery The two toggle switches

are connected to operate the car in diHerent directions

li'e left, right, front . bac', so one switch is connected

to the left motor of the vehicle and the second switch

is connected to the right motor of the vehicle, here we

used two -!-T(-ouble !ole -ouble Throw) toggle

switch the poles are connected to the two motors of

two switches, and the double throws are connected to

charging circuit through the solar panel and battery

The above circuit gives the neat s'etch for the

e%planation of the proFect The two high tor;ue -C

motors are used in this proFect, and it can capable of

carrying about to Dgs of load and with a @@R!2 of

speed (Revolution per 2inute) The motors can beoperated from 3$+"olts


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0 1AC B&8CD -1SCR*!T*87

A S8&AR !A71&

-1SCR*!T*87

!hotovoltaic silicon cell array mounted in a ruggedanodiGed aluminum frame Tempered glass front,sealed for protection from weather

S!1C*I*CAT*87S

2a% power "oltage ("mp) 43"8pen Circuit "oltage ("oc) +3"

:or'ing Temperature $/0C to


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-1SCR*!T*87

7/@@4 is used for rectication of the circuit *t is atwo terminal device called as anode and cathode

Anode represents for positive sign and cathode

represents for negative sign ere the silver band

printed on the above picture of the diodes is anode

and the remaining blac' portion of the diode of that

end is cathode *n this diode current Lows from

cathode through anode

C BATT1R?


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-1SCR*!T*87

5M % 4M % +M + lb 2aintenance$free,

rechargeable sealed lead$acid batteries Can be usedin any position and can be tric'le charged for long

periods of time 1%cellent for alarms, communications

and bac'$up applications :*&& 78T &1AD

-S:*TC1S

-ual 87$87-ouble !ole, -ouble Throw N -!-T

A pair of on$on switches which operate together(shown by the dotted line in the circuit symbol) A-!-T switch can be wired up as a reversing switch fora motor as shown in the diagram

87$8II$87-!-T Centre 8H


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A special version of the standard S!-T switch *t has athird switching position in the centre which is oH Thiscan be very useful for motor control because you have

forward, oH and reverse positions 2omentary (87)$8II$(87) versions are also available where the switchreturns to the central oH position when released

1 28T8RS

+" @@ R!2 -C geared motor

*ntroduction

7R$-C$1C8 is high ;uality low cost -C geared motor *t

contains Brass gears and steel pinions to ensure longer


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life and better wear and tear properties The gears are

%ed on hardened steel spindles polished to a mirror

nish These spindles rotate between bronGe plates

which ensures silent running The output shaft rotates

in a sintered bushing The whole assembly is covered

with a plastic ring All the bearings are permanently

lubricated and therefore re;uire no maintenance The

motor is screwed to the gear bo% from inside

1. Step 1

Take one of the wheels and one of the steel rods. Place the wheel down onthe work surface. Place the steel rod into the hole of the wheel. Tap thesteel rod into place. Place washer on steel rod and move it down to thewheel.

2. Step 2

Measure and cut the straw so that it fits on the steel rod between thewheels when they are both on the rod. The straw length depends upon theinside length of the wheel length where the rod is inserted. Cut the straw tofit this length. The straw should turn freely when both wheels are on bothends of the steel rod.

. Step

Place the cut length of straw onto the steel rod. Place a second washeronto the steel rod. Put a wheel on the open end of the steel rod and tapinto place.

!. Step !

Take one of the wheels and the other steel rod. Place the wheel down onthe work surface. Place the steel rod into the hole of the wheel. Tap thesteel rod into place. Place washer onto steel rod and move it down to thewheel.

". Step "


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#nderside of Mini Solar Car

Measure and cut a second length of straw but this time leave space for agear which will be placed on the rod before the second wheel.

Place cut straw on steel rod. Place washer on steel rod. Place gear onsteel rod and tap gear into place. Place wheel on steel rod and tap intoplace.

$. Step $

#se the hot glue gun and place a line of glue along the length of the straw.Carefully place the balsa on to glue % inch from its end. &epeat with the

other a'le.

(. Step (

)ttach the smaller gear to the motor to form a gear*motor assembly. Placethe gear*motor assembly so that the teeth of the small gear line up with theteeth of the larger gear.

Move the assembly out of the way enough to place a line of hot glue on thebalsa wood. Set the assembly on the glue line.

+. Step +

,lue the underside of the solar cell to the top the balsa wood.

-. Step -

Connect the wires of the solar cell and the motor.

1. Step 1

Place in the sun on a smooth surface.
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