SOLAR COSMIC RAYS ANDSOLAR COSMIC RAYS AND OZONE LAYER OF THE EARTHOZONE LAYER OF THE EARTH

(3D modeling) (3D modeling) M27M27

Alexei Krivolutsky1, Georgy Zakharov1, Tatyana Vyushkova1, Alexander Kuminov1,

and Irina Myagkova2

1Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia

2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia

GENERALGENERAL

1)SPEs cause strong enhancement of the ionization in the polar atmosphere . It gives additional molecules of NO and OH, which destroy ozone.

2)Last 23rd cycle of solar activity produced several strong SPE in 2000, 2001 and 2003.

3)3D global models were used to study the response in composition and dynamics.

N and OH production caused by cosmic rays in N and OH production caused by cosmic rays in the Earth’s atmospherethe Earth’s atmosphere

(Jackman et al., 1976; Heaps, 1978(Jackman et al., 1976; Heaps, 1978) )

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0m olecular / ion pair

30

40

50

60

70

80

km N O H

Daily values of density of the solar Daily values of density of the solar proton energy flux in 1 - 100 MeV proton energy flux in 1 - 100 MeV range in the years 1994 – 2003range in the years 1994 – 2003

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

De

cim

al l

og

ari

thm

of

en

erg

y f

lux

de

ns

ity

(M

eVc

m-2d

ay

-1)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

July 14 Nov. 04Oct. 28

Major SPEs of 23Major SPEs of 23rdrd Solar Cycle Solar Cycle

- 14 July 2000- 04 November 2001- 28 October 2003

Ionization rates (pairs of ions per mIonization rates (pairs of ions per m33 per second) per second)at 70at 70N caused by protons from solar flareN caused by protons from solar flare

at 10:24 UT of July 14, 2000at 10:24 UT of July 14, 2000

(calculations)(calculations)  

Ionization rates (mIonization rates (m-3-3ss-1-1) in middle polar ) in middle polar atmosphere (70atmosphere (70N) caused by protons from N) caused by protons from solar flare at 1110 UT of October 28, 2003solar flare at 1110 UT of October 28, 2003

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

1 2 0

He

gh

t (km

)

1.00E+008

3.10E+009

6.10E+009

9.10E+009

1.21E+010

1.51E+010

1.81E+010

2.11E+010

2.41E+010

2.71E+010

3.01E+010

October 28 October 29 October 30

Ozone changeOzone change (%) (%) after SPEafter SPE 14 July, 14 July, 20002000 at at 65 65N N

(3D model simulations) (3D model simulations)

D ay of Ju ly 2000

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Heigh

t (km)

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

-5

-3

-2

0

14 15 16

OO33 response (%) to SPE of July 14, 2000 at response (%) to SPE of July 14, 2000 at

6868N revealed by the data from UARSN revealed by the data from UARS(HALOE instrument)(HALOE instrument)

13 14 15 16 17 18

days of July 2000

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

heig

ht [k

m]

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

SPE influence on latitudinal zonal wind [m/s] SPE influence on latitudinal zonal wind [m/s] structure, July 18structure, July 18 (3D model runs)(3D model runs)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

la titude

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hei

ght

(km

)

- 18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

SPE influence on latitudinal temperature [K] SPE influence on latitudinal temperature [K]

structure, July 18structure, July 18(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

- 8 0 - 6 0 - 4 0 - 2 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0

l a t i t u d e

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

k m

- 1 2- 1 0- 8- 6- 4261 01 41 82 22 6

Temporal behavior of SPE influence on Temporal behavior of SPE influence on

temperature [K] at 72.5temperature [K] at 72.5NN(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

0 2 4 4 8 7 2 9 6 1 2 0 1 4 4 1 6 8 1 9 2 2 1 6

h o u r s f r o m s t a r t o f S P E

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

k m

- 1 4- 1 2- 1 0- 8- 6- 4- 251 01 52 02 53 0

Changes in Ozone (%) after SPEChanges in Ozone (%) after SPEof 4 November 2001 at 65Nof 4 November 2001 at 65N

(3D model run)(3D model run)

D ays of N ovem ber

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hei

ght (

km)

-65

-50

-30

-20

-10

-1

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Global changes in Ozone (%) after SPEGlobal changes in Ozone (%) after SPEof 4 November 2001 at 60 kmof 4 November 2001 at 60 km

(3D mode runs)(3D mode runs)

2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0

H ours after 00 UT (4 Nov.2001)

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Latit

ude

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-5

-1

Changes in NOy (%) after SPEChanges in NOy (%) after SPEof 4 November 2001 at 65Nof 4 November 2001 at 65N

(3D model run)(3D model run)

D a y o f N o v e m b e r

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

Hei

gh

t(km

)

1

1 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

6 0 0

5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

la titude

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

heig

ht, k

m

-1.1

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.3

1

Changes in temperature (K)Changes in temperature (K) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after)

(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/s)Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/s) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after) after SPE of 4 November 2001 (4 days after)

(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Latitude

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hei

gth

(km

)

-2.6

-2.2

-1.8

-1.4

-1.0

-0.6

-0.2

0.4

0.8

Changes in ozone (%) after SPE Changes in ozone (%) after SPE of 28 October 2003 at 65 Nof 28 October 2003 at 65 N

(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

D ays of O ct.-Nov.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hei

ght (

km)

-55

-40

-30

-20

-10

-5

-1

2 9 2 9 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Changes in ozone (%) after SPEChanges in ozone (%) after SPEof 28 October 2003 at 65 Sof 28 October 2003 at 65 S

(3D model runs)(3D model runs)

2 9 2 9 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

D ays of O ct.-N ov.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hei

ght (

km)

-70

-50

-30

-10

-5

-2

2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0

H o u r s a f t e r 0 0 U T ( 2 8 O c t )

- 8 0

- 6 0

- 4 0

- 2 0

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

La

titu

de

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-5

-1

Global changes in Ozone (%) after SPEGlobal changes in Ozone (%) after SPEof 28 October 2003 at 60 kmof 28 October 2003 at 60 km

(3D mode runs)(3D mode runs)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

la titude

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

heig

ht (

km)

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

0.4

0.7

1

1.5

Changes in temperature (K) Changes in temperature (K) after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003 after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003

(3D model simulations)(3D model simulations)

Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/sec) Changes in zonal wind magnitudes (m/sec) after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003 after 4 day of solar flare October 28, 2003

(3D model simulations)(3D model simulations)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Latitude

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hei

gh

t (k

m)

-2.4

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.5

1.0

1.2

ConclusionsConclusions

1. Solar particles produce chemical species in the polar atmosphere (OH, NO);

2. SPE-Produced OH, NO destroy Ozone;

3. Short forcing leads to long-lived response in Ozone layer;

4. Changes in Ozone change global dynamics.