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Solar Energy - Securing Energy for Tomorrow Today Dr. Vinay Hasabnis
Solar Energy - Securing Energy for
Tomorrow Today Dr. Vinay Hasabnis
THE CONCEPT
What is Energy Security - Concept
The need & urgency for action
Role of Renewable Energy Resources
Solar Energy - Specific to Photo-Voltaics
Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis through Case Studies
Challenges
Conclusion - Open
Every 15 minutes, the amount of Energy from the Sun,
that strikes the EARTH, is sufficient enough to supply
the Energy requirement of the whole World for One year !
Perhaps most alarmingly, Peak oil expert Mike Ruppert has claimed
that for every calorie of food produced in the industrial world, Ten
calories of oil and gas energy are invested in the forms of fertilizer,
pesticide, packaging, transportation, and running farm equipment.
ENERGY SECURITY
5 S supply (having resources, such as fossil fuels and renewable energy)
sufficiency (adequate quantity of fuel and services from these sources)
surety (having access to them)
survivability (resilient and durable sources of energy)
sustainability (reducing waste and limiting damage to the environment)
4 A availability
accessibility
affordability
acceptability
ENERGY SECURITY THREATS ?
Energy Dependence Transportation to Communication
National Security to Health Services
Crude Oil forms the largest form of Source of Energy
World’s Large dependence on Supply of Oil from few counties
Disruption in supply of Oil - Direct Economic & Political Impact
1973 Oil Crises initiated the worlds attention on Energy Security
GLOBAL ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS ?
Global Oil Supply : 40 Billion Barrels per Year
Oil Producing Counties : 10 Counties commend 75 % production
Oil Trading Turn-Over : 4 Trillion US $ per Year
CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : 12 + 8 + 15 = 35 Billion Metric Tonnes
Oil Import : 1.6 Billion Barrels per Year
Oil, Gas & Coal Import Cost : 185 Billion US $ per Year
India’s GDP : 1,850 Billion US $
India’s Fiscal Deficit % of GDP : 4.8 % ( Cause for Inflation)
CO2 Emission Oil, Gas & Coal : 0.5 + 0.1 + 1.4 = 2.0 Billion Metric Tonnes
INDIA ENERGY SCENARIO - SOME FACTS ?
ENERGY RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN INDIA
Source Capital cost
(Crores/MW) Emissions
(T CO2 – eq / Mwh) Reserves Longevity
Coal 4-5 1.1 10,5820 MT 70 years
Oil 2.5 0.62 1,200 MT ~ 10 years
Gas 3.5 0.47 1.5 TCM ~ 20 years
Hydro 6 - 20 (Site and size
dependant) 0 148.7 GW NA
Nuclear 8-13 0 70,000 Tonnes of
Uranium ~ 200 Tonnes of Pu
40 years with Uranium
Source : BP Statistical Review Report, NHPC,NTPC
ELECTRICAL ENERGY STATUS IN INDIA Current Capacity : 173,855 MW (utility)
Energy Generation : 600 Billion KWHrs
– 5th largest in the world
Low per capita electricity consumption
–India 717 kWh
–US 14,000 kWh
–China 2500 kWh
–World 2800 kWh
Peak shortage ~ 15%
800,000 MW in 2030 – 40
–~ 25,000 MW per year
Environmental concerns
–India 3rd largest emitter of CO2 behind China and US
–38% of emissions from power sector
Energy security concerns
–67% power from coal-based thermal plants - need to depend on imports
–Prototype breeder reactors to exploit thorium reserves
PROJECTED FUEL MIX BY 2020
Required capacity in 2020 assuming 8% growth = 387,280 MW in BAU scenario
HOW TO GROW AND BE SUSTAINABLE ?
• How do we grow to ~ 2,000 billion kWh by 2020 • How do we get 3,00 billion kWh of low-carbon power?
• What fuel options & technologies?
• Wind • Nuclear • Solar • Hydro • Bio-fuels • Hydrogen & fuel cells
• Investments, research, policies?
THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTION
Photo - Thermal
Use of Thermal Component of Solar Spectrum Heating Applications
Photo - Voltaics
Use of Visible Light Component of Solar Spectrum Electricity Generation
WHY SOLAR PV ?
Highly Matured & Proven Technology ( 30 Years !)
India has abundant Solar Insolation - One of the best in the world !
It is highly Consistent & Reliable - about 300 Clear days per year
SPV Plants are stationery - No moving parts
Scalable from KWp to MWp - Capacities can be added
Non-Polluting & Localized
SOLAR ENERGY - POTENTIAL Land Available : 305 Million Hectors
Roof-top & Barren Land Area Available : 30 Million Hectors
Solar Usable Area Available : 15 Million Hectors
Approx. Solar Insolation receivable area : 100 Billion Sq. Meters
Solar Insolation Receivable per Year : 150 Trillion KWhrs
Approx. Electricity Generation : 22.5 Trillion KWHrs
10 % potential tapped : 2.25 Trillion KWHrs
India’s Entire Energy Consumption : 600 Billion KWhrs
THE SOLAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC MODULE
INVERTER
CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS On-Grid :
It is the on-line generation of DC electricity from Solar PV Modules,
which is converted into AC by means of a smart Grid-tie Inverter.
This power is evacuated into power Grid by way of synchronization. Thus
one does not need the Solar Energy Generated to be stored into battery.
ON GRID ROOF-TOP SOLAR SYSTEM IN MUMBAI
CATEGORIES OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS Off-Grid :
The DC Energy generated from Solar PV Modules, is stored into a
battery bank.
This stored energy power, whenever needed is converted into AC power
to power the load.
This technique is very much useful in remote areas where Grid is not
available.
OFF-GRID SOLAR SYSTEM AT HILL-TOP
CASE STUDIES
GETTING REDDY TO SECURE ENERGY
1. MOBILE TOWERS
No. of Towers : 7,00,000 Numbers
Average Energy Consumption per Tower/Day : 70 KWHrs
Total Energy Consumption per Year (All Towers) : 10 Billion KWHrs
Average Diesel Consumption per Tower per Year : 8,000 Liters
Approx. Diesel Consumption for 4,00,000 Towers : 3.2 Billion Liters
Cost of Diesel : 3.2 Billion US $
2. CELL PHONES
No. of Cell-phones : 800 Million
Average Energy Consumption per Charging/Day : 4 Million KWHrs
Total Energy Consumption per Year : 1.5 Billion KWHrs
Cost of Solar Mobile Charger @ 5 WHr : INR 500
Cost of Energy Saved per Year : 200 Million US $
3. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION - FACTS
No. of Un-Electrified Villages in India : 50,000
Average Cost of Laying Grid Line per Village per : ₹ 12.00 / KWHr
KWHr @distance of 25 KM from Grid
Actual Cost of Energy delivered : ₹ 16.00 / KWHrs
Cost of Energy of Stand alone Solar small Local Grid: ₹ 10.00 – 12.00/ KWHrs
Benefits like No Transmission & Theft losses, No Power Outage
4. RAILWAY STATION ROOF-TOPS
No. of Railway Stations in India : 8,000
Total Roof-top area available : 100 Million Sq. Mtr.
Approx. Estimate of Energy Generation : 20 Billion KWHrs
Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of : 100 Million Ltrs
the Station @ 15,000 Ltrs/ Year
Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 100 Million US $
Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage
5. BANKS
No. of Bank Branches in India : 2,00,000
Energy requirement per branch (UPS) : 20 KWHr/Day
Approx. Estimate of Energy saving per Year : 1.5 Billion KWHrs
Saving of Diesel on account of Powering of : 450 Million Ltrs
the Branch @ 3,000 Ltrs/ Year (1,50,000 Br)
Cost of Diesel saved per Year : 450 Million US $
Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage
6. SOLAR WATER PUMPING - AGRICULTURE
Irrigated Farm Land in India : 50 Million Hectors
Approx. Estimate of Energy for Water Pumping : 100 Billion KWHrs
Saving of Diesel on account of pumping of water : 10 Billion Liters
where no grid power is available (30%)
Approx. Forex Savings : 10 Billion US $
Benefits like No Theft losses, No Power Outage
7. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
No. of Telephone Exchanges in India : 27,000 Numbers
No. of Land Line Wired Telephones in India : 30 Million
Average Energy Consumption per Day (All Ex) : 3 Million KWHrs
Total Energy Consumption per Year : 1 Billion KWHrs
Approx. Diesel Consumption for exchanges : 250 Million Liters
per Year on account of Grid Power Outage
Cost of Diesel : 250 Million US $
8. SOLAR WATER HEATING (INDIA SPECIFIC)
Water Heating for General Residential use
Average Energy consumed to heat water par day : 100 Million KWHrs
Average Energy Consumption per Year : 30 Billion KWHrs
Oil Equivalent Cost saving : 10 Billion US $
9. SOLAR COOKING (INDIA SPECIFIC)
Cooking for General Residential use
Consumption of Kerosene per Year for Cooking : 8 Million Tonnes
Consumption of LPG for Cooking : 14 Million Tonnes
Cost of Kerosene & LPG per Year : 25 Billion US $
Amount of Subsidy offered by Govt. of India : 12 Billion US $
Energy Generation Equivalent to Subsidy Investment : 18 Billion KWHrs
CHALLENGES - SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY
Cost Reduction - Anticipated Grid Parity by 2016-17
Technology - Improvisation
Net Metering - Smart Grid
Optimization on Power Consumption
Spread of Awareness & Education
ENERGY OF FUTURE
THANK YOU !
Your Reactions, Comments & Suggestions are most welcomed
Mail ID : [email protected]
Cell-phone : +91 - 81083 22279
